Name; Baxteyar waly Jamel

Dept.: petrochemical
Mini project: transportation LPG to power
plant
LPG Pipelines

LPG Pipelines – Trending in the Age of Energy Deficit

what is LPG Pipeline?

LPG pipeline is one of the most important parts of

secure transmission of LPG Gas. As mixture of
hydrocarbons liquid Propane, butane, propylene,
butylene, LPG Gas requires safe lane. Considering it is
as a very explosive material, the procedure is carried
out in frozen to below minus 42°C under normal
pressure.

A special attention is given to the pressure of the each

joint in delivery temperature that should be greater
than the saturation pressure of the liquefied gas.
Insulation layer is there to protect the pipeline from
heat of the surroundings. To deal with pressure drop
and temperature rise, special cooling station has been
introduced to prevent the gas from vaporize. To
prevent the pumping of the pumping air, pressure of
the pumping station should be 9.8X105P that is
normally higher than the saturated steam pressure.
Special attention of installing valve in the outlet and
inlet has been given to prevent pressure not to exceed
the allowable value.

Materials and factors influencing pipeline design:

Materials are important part of getting solid foundation

of danger free pipeline for transmission process. Most
transmission pipelines are currently made out of high
carbon steel. Pipes are manufactured in steel factories
furthermore, assessed to guarantee they meet
government and industry wellbeing norm. An
assortment of soil conditions and geographic or
populace qualities of the course will direct various
necessities for pipe size, quality, and divider thickness.
Pipelines may likewise be made of steel, yet
progressively high quality plastic or composites are
being utilized. Galvanic corrosion is a huge problem
and to deal with it, dielectric union can be used. To
increase the detectability of the gas, compounds
contain Sulphur is mixed as special additive.
Appropriate mechanical safety valves and a pressure
regulator are normally installed to decrease the risk of
explosion. Pressure inside the pipe is totally depends
on wall thickness.

Tensile test and hardness test on LPG pipeline has

taken into special consideration to understand the
mechanical properties. Tensile strength, yield strength,
and elongation after fracture and cross-section
shrinkage have been determined through rapid
evaluation.
Type of pipe line.

1. GATHERING PIPELINES
What are they used for?  - Gathering pipelines are used to
deliver the oil or gas product from the source to processing
plants or storage tanks. These are commonly fed by ‘Flowlines’,
each connected to individual wells in the ground. Additionally,
subsea pipes used for collecting product from deep water
production platforms are included in this category.

Typical products carried by gathering pipelines include; natural

gas, crude oil (or combinations of these 2 products), natural gas
liquids, such as ethane, butane and propane.  In a gathering
pipeline, raw gas is usually carried at pressures of approximately
715 psi.

What size are gathering pipelines? - Compared to other

pipelines, lengths in this category are relatively short –
approximately 200 meters long.  They are typically much
smaller than transmission pipelines, usually under 18” diameter
(but for crude oil typically 2 – 8”), however, recent
developments in shale production have seen gathering lines are
being used with diameters as large as 20”.
2. TRANSMISSION PIPELINES
What are they used for? - Transmission pipelines are used to
transport crude oil, NGLs, natural gas and refined products for
long distances across states, countries and continents.

They are used to move the product from the production regions
to distribution centers
, Transmission pipelines operate at high pressures, ranging from
200 up to 1,200 psi, with each transmission line using
compressor stations (for gas lines) and pump stations (for crude
oil and liquid products).

What causes transmission lines to fail? - Typical reasons for

the failure of transmission lines include pipe seam failures,
corrosion, material failure and defective welding.

What size are transmission pipelines? - These large pipes are

up to 42” diameter, with most being more than 10” diameter.

3. DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES 
What are they used for? - Distribution pipelines are a system
made up of ‘mains’ and ‘service’ lines, used by distribution
companies. Together they deliver natural gas to the
neighborhoods of homes and businesses.

Mains pipelines - Distribution pipelines classed as ‘mains’ are

the step between high-pressure transmission lines and low-
pressure service lines. Materials used for these pipes include
steel, cast iron, plastic and copper. Pressures can vary
considerably and go up to approximately 200psi.

Service pipelines - Service pipelines connect to a meter and

deliver natural gas to individual customers. Materials used for
service pipes include plastic, steel or copper. Pressure of the gas
in these pipes is low at around 6psi.

What size are distribution gas pipelines? - ‘Mains’

distribution pipelines are small to medium sized (from 2” to 24”
diameter). ‘Service’ pipelines use narrow pipes (usually less
than 2” diameter).

Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique used to control

the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode
of an electrochemical cell. A simple method
of protection connects the metal to be protected to a
more easily corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the
anode. Pipeline leak detection is used to determine if and in
some cases where a leak has occurred in systems which contain
liquids and gases. Methods of detection include hydrostatic
testing, infrared, and laser technology after pipeline erection and
leak detection during service.
Pipeline networks are the most economic and safest mode of
transportation for oil, gases and other fluid products. As a means
of long-distance transport, pipelines have to fulfill high demands
of safety, reliability and efficiency. If properly maintained,
pipelines can last indefinitely without leaks. Most significant leaks
that do occur are caused by damage from nearby excavation. If a
pipeline is not properly maintained, it can corrode, particularly at
construction joints, low points where moisture collects, or
locations with imperfections in the pipe. However, these defects
can be identified by inspection tools and corrected before they
progress to a leak. Other reasons for leaks include accidents,
earth movement, or sabotage.
What is a Metering System? A Metering System is
made up of items of Metering Equipment; voltage
transformers, current transformers, Meters and
Outstations, the wires and connections between each item
and connections required to transfer metered data to the
outside world (e.g. modems and communication lines).

A compressor station is a facility which helps the transportation

process of natural gas from one location to another. Natural gas,
while being transported through a gas pipeline, needs to be
periodically pressurized at intervals of 40 to 100 miles (64 to
161 km)] Siting is dependent on terrain, and the number of gas
wells in the vicinity. Frequent elevation changes and a greater
number of gas wells will require more compressor stations
The compressor station, also called a pumping station, is the
"engine" that powers a long-distance natural gas pipeline. As the
name implies, the station compresses the gas (increasing its
pressure) thereby providing energy to move it through the pipeline
[
The compressor is driven by a motor fueled by some of the
natural gas bled from the pipeline.
Pipeline companies install compressor stations along a pipeline
route. The size of the station and the number of compressors
(pumps) varies, based on the diameter of the pipe and the volume
of gas to be moved. Nevertheless, the basic components of a
station are similar.

calculation
By auto cad

Design two terminal