QUESTION 1

a) Describe the basic operation of PNP transistor with appropriate diagrams.

(5 marks)

b) Figure Q2(b) shows a voltage-divider configuration. Determine the following

parameters using approximate and exact (Thevenin) approaches:

i) Collector current, IC
ii) Collector – Emitter Voltage, VCE
iii) Base current, IB.
iv) Emitter Voltage, VE.
v) Base Voltage, VB.

(20 marks)

Figure Q2(b)
QUESTION 2

a) Convert the following numbers to octal.

i) 8710
ii) A27.116

(5 marks)

b) Figure Q3(b) shows a logic circuit of combinations logic gates: - ANDs, OR and
INVERTERs.

i) Write the Boolean expression for the output X.

ii) Determine the value of X for all possible input condition in a truth table.
iii) Simplify the answer in (i) using Karnaugh map method.
(15 marks)

Figure Q3(b)
c) Figure Q3(c) shows how a full-adder may be constructed from two half-adders.

i) Determine the truth-table for this arrangement to verify that it operates as a

full-adder.
ii) Draw the logic gates of full-adder using AND and OR gates.
(5 marks)

Figure Q3(c)
QUESTION 3

(a) With the aid of a diagram, show the operating regions for a Bipolar Junction
Transistor (BJT). Briefly describe each of them.
CO1/PO1/C2
(5 marks)

(b) Figure Q2(b) shows a Bipolar Junction Transistor circuit. Given that VBE = 0.7 V,
current gain β = 90, ro =∞ and the capacitance for each capacitor is 10 𝜇F.

Figure Q2(b)

Based on a DC analysis towards the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) circuit,

determine:

i) Base current IB, collector current IC, and emitter current, IE.

ii) Collector-to-emitter voltage, VCE.

iii) Draw the DC load line for this transistor.

CO2/PO2/C4
(10 marks)
(c) Using the answers obtained in (b), do the followings:
i) Draw the AC equivalent circuit for circuit in Figure Q2(b).

ii) Determine its transresistance value re,input impedance Zi, output impedance
Zo and voltage gain AV.

iii) If there is a capacitor with a capacitance of 10𝜇F placed in parallel to the

emitter’s resistor, determine the new values for Zi and Zo of the circuit.
CO2/PO2/C4

(10 marks)
QUESTION 4

(a) Convert the following numbers:

i) 12A.1516 to octal number.
ii) -13210 to binary number.

CO1/PO1/C2

(5 marks)

(b) A Boolean function is given by:

( A+ A Ć + B́ C ) ( AB Ć ¿

i) Based on the Boolean function, draw the logic gate diagram using AND, OR
and NOT gate only.

ii) Simplify the Boolean expression using Karnaugh Map.

CO2/PO2/C4
(10 marks)

(c) Figure Q3(c) shows a logic circuit which has four inputs A, B, C, D and two outputs X
and Y.

i) Obtain the simplified sum of product (SOP) logic expression for the output X
and Y.

ii) Implement the full logic circuit using only 4-to-16 decoder and OR gates.

CO2/PO2/C4
(10 marks)
Figure Q3(c)