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Long Span Beams
Long Span Beams
SUB : A.B.C.M
SEM : 9TH
TAPERED GIRDERS
Tapered girders can be a cost effective solution in the span range 15 m to 25 m. They
are another solution that allows services to be accommodated within the structural floor
zone. The depth of the girder increases towards mid-span, where applied moments are
greatest, and thereby facilitating hanging services under the shallower regions near the
beam supports. It is also possible to form web openings in tapered girders in regions of
low shear, towards mid-span. These provide more options for service integration.
PRATT TRUSS
•In Pratt trusses, the web members are arranged in such a way that under gravity load the
longer diagonal members are under tension and the shorter vertical members experience
compression. •These trusses can be used for spans that range between 6-10m.
•The converse of the Pratt is the Howe truss. This is commonly used in light roofing so that
the longer diagonals experience tension under reversal of stresses due to wind load.
•These trusses can be used for spans that range between 6-30m.
FINK TRUSS
Fink trusses are used for longer spans having high pitch roof, since the web members in such
truss are sub-divided to obtain shorter members.
FAN TRUSS
Fan trusses are used when the rafter members of the roof trusses have to be sub-divided into
odd number of panels.
SCISSOR TRUSS
Scissor roof truss can particularly be found in cathedrals. The upside here is that the ceiling
gets vaulted and you receive more space in the attic.
WARREN GIRDER
•Parallel chord trusses uses webs of the same lengths and thus reduce fabrication costs for
very long spans.
•Modified Warren is used with additional verticals, introduced in order to reduce the
unsupported length of compression chord members.
LATTICE GIRDER
•It is commonly made using a combination of structural sections connected with diagonal
lacing. This member is more correctly referred to as a laced strut or laced tie.
VIERENDEEL TRUSS
The Vierendeel truss is a structure where the members are not triangulated but form
rectangular openings, and is a frame with fixed joints that are capable of transferring and
resisting bending moments.
K- TYPE TRUSS
In the case of very deep and very shallow trusses it may become necessary to use K patterns
for web members to achieve appropriate inclination of the web members. North light truss: In
the north light truss, skylights or openings are provided to allow north light inside the
structure.