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Binomial Theorem

The Expansion of (a + b)n

If n is any positive integer, then

n n n−1 n−2 2 n−m m n

(a + b) = a + n C1 a b + n C2 a b + ⋯ + n Cm a b + ⋯ + b

Where
nC = combination of n objects taken m at a time.
m

Some Example of Binomial Expansion

2 2 2
(a + b) = a + 2ab + b

3 3 2 2 3
(a + b) = a + 3a b + 3ab + b

4 4 3 2 2 3 4
(a + b) = a + 4a b + 6a b + 4ab + b

5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
(a + b) = a + 5a b + 10a b + 10a b + 5ab + b

6 6 5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5 6
(a + b) = a + 6a b + 15a b + 20a b + 15a b + 6ab + b

7 7 6 5 2 4 3 3 4 2 5 6 7
(a + b) = a + 7a b + 21a b + 35a b + 35a b + 21a b + 7ab + b

The coefficient of terms can also be found by

coefficient of previous term  ×  exponent of  a  of previous term

C =
exponent of  b  of previous term  + 1

Properties of Binomial Expansion

1. The first term and last term of the expansion are a and b , respectively. n n

2. There are n + 1 terms in the expansion.

3. The sum of the exponents of a and b in any term is n.
4. The exponent of a decreases by 1, from n to 0.
5. The exponent of b increases by 1, from 0 to n.
6. The coefficient of the second term and the second from the last term is n.
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Pascal's Triangle
Pascal's triangle can be used to find the coefficient of binomial expansion.

(a + b)0 : 1
(a + b)1 : 1 1
(a + b)2 : 1 2 1
(a + b)3 : 1 3 3 1
(a + b)4 : 1 4 6 4 1
(a + b)5 : 1 5 10 10 5 1
(a + b)6 : 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
(a + b)7 : 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1

rth term of (a + b)n

n!
th n−r+1 r−1
r  term  = a b
(n − r + 1)!(r − 1)!

or

th n−m m
r term = n Cm a b

where m = r - 1

For n = even, the middle term is at

1
r = n + 1
2

Tags: binomial expansion, rth term of binomial expansion, coefficient of terms in binomial expansion, Pascal's triangle

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Find the term independent of x in the expansion of a given binomial 

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