MODULE 02

The Discipline of Counseling

Welcome!
This module presents you the discipline of counseling. Particularly, this will introduce
you the definition, goals, scope, core values and principles of counseling.

Objectives:
At the end of this module you will be able to:
1. Define counseling
2. Identify goals, scope and core values of counseling
3. Demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counseling

Please be reminded that at the end of this module you should comply the following:
1. Activities
2. Answer a 10-item quiz.

Preliminary Activity

Instruction: Make a concept map showing the persons you turn to in times of troubles
and uncertainties.

You

Processing Question:

What do you and the person to whom you go to do in trying to solve your problem?
 Development of the Lesson

To understand fully the coverage of this lesson, read silently the material.

Counseling

- is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and

groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. The primary
goal of counseling is to help people utilize their prevailing social skills and problem
solving skills more functionally, or to cultivate new surviving and coping skills.

For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a science wherein you endeavor
to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the counseling process.

- As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a

flexible and creative process whereby the counselor modifies the
approach to meet the developing needs of the clients.

- As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the

counseling process.

- In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is

distressed asks for help and permit another person to enter into a kind
of connection with him/her. It is indicative with formal of someone in
search of counseling requests for time and attention from person who
will listen, who will allow him/her to speak and who will not condemn
and criticize him/her.

- Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways such as

presence of good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.

- Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and

counseling is the profession that implicates the application of “ an
integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual
“ through the provision of support that aids an individual to use his/her
 potential to the fullest in accord with his/her interest , needs and
abilities. (University of Queensland, 2015).

At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference in Pittsburgh in

March 2010, the representatives come to an agreement on a mutual definition of
counseling. They agreed that counseling is a professional relationship that empowers
diverse individuals, families and group to accomplish mental health, wellness,
education, and career goals (Kaplan, Tarvydas, and Gladding, 2014).

Goals of Counseling

– the key component of individual, group, organizational and community success

-Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and Mitchell
(2003), which are as follows:

1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth

and development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical
wellness.

2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.

3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.

4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable

development

5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different
activities, etc.

6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing,
thinking, and feeling is fine

7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and

cognitive skills
 8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits
for good health

9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills,

learning emotional control, and developing positive self – concept.

The presented list of counselling goals, some of which are enhancement of the
above goals.

Goal Description

Insight Understanding of the origins and

development of emotional difficulties ,
leading to an increased capacity to take
rational control over feelings and actions

Relating with others Becoming better able to form and

maintain meaningful and satisfying
relationships with other people : for
example , within the family or workplace

Self- awareness Becoming more aware of thoughts and

feelings that had been blocked off or
denied, or developing a more accurate
sense of how self is perceived by others.

Self- acceptance The development of a positive attitude

toward self, marked by an ability to
acknowledge areas of experience that
had been the subject of self- criticism and
rejection

Self – actualization Moving in the direction of fulfilling

potential or achieving an integration of
previously conflicting parts of self.

Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a higher

 state of spiritual awakening

Problem- Solving Finding a solution to a specific problem

that the client had not been able to
resolve alone. Acquiring a general
competence in problem – solving

Psychological education Enabling the client to acquire ideas and

techniques with which to understand and
control behavior

Acquisition of Social Skills Learning and mastering social and

interpersonal skills such as maintenance
of eye contact , turn taking in
conversations, assertive, or anger control

Cognitive change The modification or replacement of

irrational beliefs or mal adaptive thought
patterns associated with self- destructive
behavior

Behavior change The modification or replacement of

maladaptive or self- destructive patterns
of behavior.

Systematic change Introducing change into the way in that

social systems operate

Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and

knowledge that will enable to client to
take control of his or her own life

Restitution Helping the client to make amends for

previous destructive behavior

Generality Inspiring in the person a desire and

capacity to care for others and pass on
knowledge and to contribute to the
collective good through political
 engagement

Scope of Counseling

The wide ranges of human problems create a widened scope and field of counseling.
Broadly, the scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital
counseling, family counseling, and community counseling. A more focused subject
matter related to scope of counseling is the 4757-15 Scope of Practice foe Licensed
Professional Counselors. It contains the rights and responsibilities of licensed
counselors including the following:

Licensed Professional Counselors may for a fee, salary, or other considerations

1. Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public

compromising of: application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures
to assist individuals in realizing effective personal, social, educational, or career
development and adjustment.
2. “apply clinical counseling principles, methods , and procedures “, means an approach
to counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients
through all of the following: assessing and analyzing emotional conditions , exploring
possible solutions, and developing and providing treatment plan for mental and
emotional adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal,
consulting, supervision, administration, and referral.
3. Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under
the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrists,
independent marriage and family therapist, or independent social worker.
4. Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor trainees when
services are within their scope of practice, which does not include supervision of the
diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders.
Source:
http:codes.ohio.gov/oac/4757-15

Core Values-is a key component of an organization. It has significant influence on other

organizational components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as standards
that shape the members behavior in their interaction with their clients and other people.

According to Mcleod (2003) ,the founders of humanistic psychology, including

Maslows and Rogers ,highlighted the importance of values.
Ethical Principles of counseling which are follows:

Ethical Principles These are the ideas that underpin both

personal and professional codes.

1. Autonomy of individuals

 Is based on the right to freedom

of action and freedom of choice in
so far as the pursuit of these
freedom does not interfere with
the freedom of others ;
counseling cannot happen unless
the client has made a free choice
to participate

2. Principle of Non maleficence

 This refers to instruction to all

helpers or healers that they
must ,above all, do no harm;

 Beneficence refers to the order to

promote human welfare

3. Principle of Justice

 Concerned with the fair

distribution of resources and
services , unless there is some
acceptable reason for treating
them differently
  For counseling , the principle has
particular relevance to the
question access

General Moral Theories  The BACP Ethical Framework for Good

Practice , drawing on virtues perspective
also identified a set of personal qualities
that all practitioners should possess:
empathy, sincerity, integrity, resilience,
respect, humility, competence, fairness,
wisdom and courage

Analysis, Application and Exploration

Based on what you have read about the definition , goals, scope and core values of
counseling, as well as principles of counseling, accomplish the following activity

Name:_________________________________________Date:_________________
Grade & Section: ________________________________Score:_________________
Activity 1

What is counseling?
Write your own definition of counseling

C
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Name:_________________________________________Date:_________________
Grade & Section: ________________________________Score:_________________

Activity 2:
Analyze the following situations. Identify if counseling is applicable in each
situation. Defend your answer

1. Cases of students suffering from physical violence as a result of bullying in school

2. Cases of students’ absenteeism

3. Choosing a career track in SHS

4. Students suicidal attempts in school

5. Cases of students with clinical depression and self-mutilation behavior.

Name:_________________________________________Date:_________________
Grade & Section: ________________________________Score:_________________

Activity 3

In What Way Will Counseling Empower Me?

Instruction:
1. In our discussion on counseling goals, John McLeod contends that: “counseling
aims to empower the client by helping him/her make critical decisions in life,
develop ability to cope, enhance effectiveness, and improve quality of life”.
 2. What do you think about this statement? Do you accept or support it? How will it
empower you? Explain your answer.
3. Write your answer in the box.

Open Notes

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Generalization

In summary, counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse

individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and
career goals. The primary goal of counseling is to help people utilize their prevailing
social skills and problem solving skills more functionally, or to cultivate new surviving
and coping skills.

Assignment
For your assignment, research the following:

Name:_________________________________________Date:_________________

Grade & Section: ________________________________Score:_________________

Enumerate the following:

1. Roles, functions, and competencies of counseling
2. Areas of specialization where counselors work
3. Career opportunities of counselors
4. Rights, responsibilities, accountabilities and Code of ethics

Congratulatory Note
 CONGRATULATIONS on reaching the end of this module!!
Keep up the good work!!!

Reminder:
All exercises and activities done should be submitted before start of the succeeding lesson/s. You may now
proceed to the EVALUATION of the lesson covered in this module!

References

Dela Cruz et al. Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. Phoenix
Publishing House. Quezon City: 2016
Sampa, E.M., (2017) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences. Rex Book Store, Inc

Name:_________________________________________Date:_________________
Grade & Section: ________________________________Score:_________________

Quiz No. 2
Direction: Match Column A with Column B

Column A Column B

1. Assist in meeting or advancing the clients 1. Principle of Non-maleficence

human growth and development including
social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and 2. Preventive Goal
physical wellness.
2. Helps the client avoid some undesired
outcome.  3. Cognitive Goals
3. Enhance special skills and abilities.