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d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog

tyf
l;h{gfTds snf
sIff !

g]kfn ;/sf/
lzÔf dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
k|sfzs M g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

ISBN 999-33-712-8-9

© kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|

kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|sf] lnlvt :jLs[tljgf o;sf] k"/} jf cf+lzs efu x'ax' k|sfzg
ug{, kl/jt{g u/]/ k|sfzg ug{, s'g} ljB'tLo ;fwg jf cGo k|ljlwaf6 /]s8{ ug{ /
k|ltlnlk lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g . kf7\ok':ts ;DaGwdf ;'emfj ePdf kf7\oj|md ljsf;
s]Gb|, ;Dkfbg tyf k|sfzg zfvfdf k7fOlbg'xg' cg'/f]w 5 .

k|yd ;+:s/0f M @)$(


kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f M @)^@
k'gd'b{ 0| f M @)^&

‘ljBfno kf7\ok':ts tyf kf7\o;fdu|L 5kfO tyf ljt/0f lgb]l{ zsf @)^&’ cg';f/
of] kf7\ok':ts k"jf{~rn / klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qsf #@ lhNnfdf dfq z}lIfs ;q
@)^* sf nflu lghL If]qsf d'bs | tyf ljt/saf6 laj|mL ljt/0f ug{ :jLs[t
kf7\ok':ts xf] .
– kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|, ;fgf]l7dL,eStk'/

d"No ? M
d'b0| fM

tkfO{n+ ] lsg]sf] k':tsdf 5kfOk|ljlw;DaGwL s'g} q'l6 km]nf k/]df pSt k':ts ljt/s
cyjf :yfgLo laqm]tfaf6 ;f6\g ;Sg'xg' 5 ] .
– d'bs
| tyf ljt/s
xfd|f] egfO
ljBfno txsf] lzIffnfO{ p2]Zod"ns, Jofjxfl/s, ;d;fdlos / /f]huf/d"ns agfpg ljleGg ;dodf
kf7\oj|md, kf7\ok':ts ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO“b} cfPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{df /fi6« /
/fli6«otfk|lt Pstfsf] efjgf k}bf u/fO{ g}ltstf, cg'zf;g / :jfjnDagh:tf ;fdflhs Pjd\ rfl/lqs
u'0f tyf cfwf/e"t eflifs tyf ul0ftLo ;Lksf] ljsf; u/L lj1fg, ;"rgf k|ljlw, jftfj/0f / :jf:Yo;DaGwL
cfwf/e"t 1fg / hLjkgf]kof]uL ;Lksf dfWodn] snf;f}Gbo{kl| t cle?lr hufpg', l;h{gzLn ;Lksf]
ljsf; u/fpg' / ljleGg hfthflt, lnª\u, wd{, efiff, ;+:s[ltk|lt ;defj hufO{ ;fdflhs d"No /
dfGotfk|ltsf] ;xof]ufTds / lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ cfr/0f ljsf; u/fpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . oxL
cfjZostf k"lt{sf nflu lzIff;DaGwL ljleGg cfof]usf ;'emfj, lzIfs tyf cleefjsnufot lzIff;“u
;Da¢ ljleGg JolQm ;lDdlnt uf]i7L / cGtlqm{ofsf lgisif{af6 kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] k|fylds lzIff
kf7\oj|md @)^@ cg';f/ o; kf7\ok':tssf] ljsf; Pjd\ kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . z}lIfs ;q @)^!
df k/LIf0f u/L k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt ;'emfj;d]t o;df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf ljifosf] o; kf7\ok':tsdf ;fdflhs, b[Zosnf tyf ;ª\uLt;“u
;Da4 ljifoj:t'nfO{ k[ys¿kdf ;+of]hg u/L ;fdflhs cWoognfO{ låk[i7fTds k4ltdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 . o;nfO{ lqmofsnfkd'vL / ljBfyL{sG] b|L agfpg /ª\uLg lrq /fVg], l;h{gfTdstf a9fpg] vfnsf
cEof; ;fdu|L ;d]6g\ ] tyf cfjZostfg';f/ lzIf0f lgb]z { g lbg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . sIff Psdf ;'?sf
lbgx¿df afnaflnsfn] cIf/ lrlg;s]sf x'b“ g} g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;'?sf kf7x¿ lrqfTds
k|:t'ltdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . lj=;+= @)$( df df]xguf]kfn Gof5\of]“ / hLtaxfb'/ yfkfn] n]Vg'ePsf]
æd]/f] ;]/f]km]/f]Æ kf7\ok':tsnfO{ ;fdflhs cWoogtkm{ nIdLk|;fb vqL, lbgfgfy uf}td, l8saxfb'/ /fO{,
e"kdl0f lg/f}nf, ;'gLn clwsf/L, v'aL/fd clwsf/L / l8NnLk|;fb zdf{åf/f n]vg, ;Dkfbg tyf
kl/dfh{g ePsf] xf] . To:t} l;h{gfTds snftkm{ 6fh{g /fO{, aT;uf]kfn j}B, k'0ozLn uf}td, gjLGb|
/fhe08f/L, sfh'P df]/fsfdL, k|bLk nfdf, xgL >]i7 / wgaxfb'/ uf]kfnLåf/f n]vg, ;Dkfbg tyf
kl/dfh{g u/fO{ o; ¿kdf tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf] efiff;Dkfbg zDe'k;| fb bfxfn, lji0f'k;| fb clwsf/L,
u0f]zk|;fb e§/fO{ / nf]sk|sfz kl08tn], lrqfª\sg cfj/0f tyf n]cfp6 l8hfOg 6fh{g /fO{, uª\ufw/
zf¿, >Lxl/ >]i7n] tyf 6fOk;]l6ª ;'df >]i7, clgn sfsL{ / clgn yfkfn] ug'e{ Psf] xf] . pxf“x¿nufot
o;sf] ljsf;df ;+nUg ljifo;ldltsf kbflwsf/L tyf cGo ;a}nfO{ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| wGojfb
k|s6 ub{5 .

kf7\ok':tsnfO{ lzIf0fl;sfOsf] dxŒjk"0f{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . cg'ejL lzIfs / lh1f;' ljBfyL{n]
kf7\oj|mdåf/f nlIft l;sfOpknlAwnfO{ ljljw ;|ft] / ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L cWoog cWofkg ug{ ;S5g\ . o;
kf7\ok':tsnfO{ ;s];Dd lqmofsnfkd'vL / ?lrs/ agfpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 tyflk o;df cem} efiffz}nL,
ljifoj:t' tyf k|:t'lt / lrqfª\sgsf b[li6n] sdLsdhf]/L /x]sf x'g ;S5g\ . ltgsf] ;'wf/sf nflu
lzIfs, ljBfyL,{ cleefjs, a'l¢hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] x'b“ f ;Da4
;a}sf] /rgfTds ;'emfjsf nflu kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|
ljifo;"rL
kf7 zLif{s k[i7;ª\Vof

;fdflhs cWoog
PsfO M Ps cfkm", cfk\mgf] kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]s @–(
kf7 ! d @
kf7 @ d]/f] kl/jf/ $
kf7 # d]/f] ;fdfg ^
kf7 $ d]/f ;fyLx¿ *
PsfO M b'O{ xfd|f] k/Dk/f,;fdflhs d"No / dfGotf !)–!(
kf7 ! 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ !)
kf7 @ ;fgfnfO{ dfof !@
kf7 # nufpg] n'uf !$
kf7 $ 3/sf] sfd !^
kf7 % l5d]ssf] sfd !*
PsfO M tLg ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg @)—@#
kf7 ! c;xfonfO{ ;xof]u @)
kf7 @ ckfª\unfO{ ;xof]u @@
PsfO M rf/ gful/s r]tgf @$—#%
kf7 ! ;xof]u lng] @$
kf7 @ ;xof]u lbg] @^
kf7 # 3/sf ;fdfgx¿ @*
kf7 $ ljBfnosf ;fdfg #)
kf7 % 3/df d]/f] sfd #@
kf7 ^ ljBfnodf d]/f] sfd #$
PsfO M kf“r xfd|f] k[YjL #^—$%
kf7 ! 3/ jl/kl/sf] hldg #^
kf7 @ ljBfno jl/kl/sf] hldg #*
kf7 # 3/sf] gS;f $)
kf7 $ ljBfnosf] gS;f $@
kf7 % sIffsf]7fsf] gS;f $$
PsfO M 5 xfd|f] ljut $^–%#
kf7 ! d]/f] hGd $^
kf7 @ d]/f] k'vf{ $*
kf7 # d]/f] 3/sf] d'Vo dfG5] %)
kf7 $ d]/f] dfdf3/ %@
PsfO M ;ft xfd|f] cfly{s lqmofsnfk %$–^!
kf7 ! 3/sf] sfddf ;xof]u %$
kf7 @ ;fdfgsf] htg / kmf? %^
kf7 # 3/df ag]sf vfg]s/' f %* kf7
$ 3/df ag]sf ;fdfg ^)

l;h{gfTds cleJolQmzLn snf


b[Zosnf ^$–&)
kf7 ! /]vflrq ^$
kf7 @ /ª ^&
kf7 # 5kfO ^(
kf7 $ sf]nfh &)
kf7 % df6f]sf] sfd &!
;ª\uLt &#–*)
kf7 ! d tfnL ahfp“5' &#
kf7 @ d v'§f / sDd/ rnfp“5' &$
kf7 # d xftsf rfnx¿ cEof; u5'{ &%
kf7 $ afnuLtx¿ &^
kf7 % clego &(
;fdflhs cWoog

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 1


PsfO – Ps cfk"m, cfk\mgf] kl/jf/ / 5/l5d]s
kf7 – ! d
x]/, lrg / eg M

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7sf] lqmofsnfknfO{ lrq j0f{gåf/f ;DkGg ug{x' f];\ . ;'?sf lbgx¿df afnaflnsfx¿n]
kf7\ok':tsdf lbOPsf lnlvt lgb]z
{ gx¿ k9\g g;Sg] ePsfn] cfk"mn] elglbg'kg]5 { .
2 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= cfk"mnfO{ lrg .

@= ltd|f] vfg]s/' f lrg .

#= ltdL a:g] 7fp“ lrg .

$= ltd|f] n'uf lrg .

d s]6L x'“ . d s]6f x'“ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 3
kf7 – @ d]/f] kl/jf/
x]/, lrg / eg M

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7 / lqmofsnfkdf lrq j0f{g u/fO{ afnaflnsfsf kl/jf/df /x]sf ;b:ox¿;“usf]
gftf / gfd eGg nufpg'xf];\ . kl/jf/df /x]sf ;b:o ;ª\Vof;d]t eGg nufpg'xf];\ .
4 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= tn lbOPsf JolQmx¿ lrg M

@= ltd|f] gfd s] xf] <


#= ltd|f] kl/jf/df sf]sf] 5g\ <
$= ltd|f] kl/jf/df slthgf dflg; 5g\ <
%= ltd|f] cfdfsf] gfd s] xf] <
^= ltd|f] a'afsf] gfd eg .
&= a'afsf] a'afnfO{ ltdL s] eG5f} <
*= a'afsf] cfdfnfO{ ltdL s] eG5f} <

d]/f] 3/df xh'/a'af, xh'/cfdf, a'af, cfdf,


bfh', efph", lbbL, alxgL / efOx¿ 5g\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 5
kf7 – # d]/f] ;fdfg
x]/, lrg / eg M

lzÔ0f lgb]z { gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;fdu|L s'g cj:yfdf 5g\, htg u/]sf 5g\, 5}gg\ cjnf]sg
ug'x{ f];\ / u/]sf 5}gg\ eg] htg ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
6 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

x]/, s'g 7Ls xf] eg / cfk\mgf ;fdfgsf] klg htg u/ .

d d]/f] ;fdfgsf] htg cfkm}“ u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 7
kf7 – $ d]/f ;fyLx¿
x]/, lrg / eg M

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
kf7df lbOPsf lrqx¿ x]g{ nufO{ lrq j0f{g ug{ nufpg'xf];\ / ;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/ k9\g,] v]Ng]
/ a:g] s'/fx¿ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
8 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= lrq x]/ / c;n afgL s'g xf],eg M

@= ;fyL;“u ldn]/ a:g s]s] ug'k{ 5{, eg .


d ;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/ sfd u5{' .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 9
PsfO – b'O{ xfd|f] k/Dk/f, ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotf

kf7 – ! 7"nfnfO{ cfb/


x]/, lrg / eg M

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7df lbOPsf lgb]{zgx¿ elglbg'k5{ . cfb/ / ;Ddfg ug]{ s'/fx¿ k|0ffd ug]{ dfq
geP/ c¿ w]/} tl/sfx¿ x'g ;Sb5g\ . :yfgLo rfnrngcg';f/ cfb/ / ;Ddfg ug]{
tl/sfx¿ clegoåf/f klg u/fpg ;lsg]5 . sÔfnfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L dfly lbOPsf /
To:t} k|sl[ tsf yk lqmofsnfkx¿ klg u/fpg ;lsG5 .
10 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= lrqsf] dflg; lrg / cfk"meGbf 7"nfnfO{ s;/L cfb/


u5f}{ < eg .

@= ltdL a'afcfdfnfO{ s;/L cfb/ u5f},{ clego u/]/


b]vfpm .
#= cfk\mgf u'? / u'?cfdfnfO{ ul/g] ;Ddfgsf] clego
u/ .

d cfk"meGbf 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 11
kf7 – @ ;fgfnfO{ dfof
x]/, lrg / l;s M

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7df ;fgfnfO{ dfof u/]sf lrqx¿ pbfx/0fsf nflu lbOPsf x'g\ . :yfgLo rng /
k/Dk/fcg';f/ clego u/fO{ yk pbfx/0f lbO{ l;sfpg' cfjZos x'G5 .
12 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7df lbOPsf lrqx¿ x]/ / s'g lrqdf s] ul//x]sf


5g\, eg .

@= dfly lrqx¿df s;n] s;nfO{ dfof ul//x]sf] 5, eg .


#= ltd|f a'afcfdfn] ltdLnfO{ s;/L dfof ug'x{ G' 5, eg .
$= ltdL cfk"meGbf ;fgfnfO{ s;/L dfof u5f},{ clego
u/]/ b]vfpm .

d cfk"meGbf ;fgfnfO{ dfof u5{' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 13
kf7 – # nufpg] n'uf
x]/, lrg / 5'6o\ fþ M

%
@ #
! ^
$

!)
&
*
!@ !#
( !!

!$

!*
!(
!%
!^ !&
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ dfly lbOPsf n'ufx¿sf] gfd kfn};u“ eGg nufpg'xf];\ . ltgsf] gfd o;
k|sf/ 5 M != bf}/f @= ;'?jfn #= sf]6 $=6f]kL %= l:j6/ ^= aSv' &= rf}aGbL rf]nf]
*= ;f/L (= kfªb]g !)= Hofs]6 !!= bf]rf !@= sldh !#= kfOG6 !$= s6\6'
!%= ;'?jfn -dlxnf_ !^= s'tf{ !&= ;n !*= rf]nf] !(= kml/of
14 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= x]/, lrg / n'ufsf] gfd eg M

@= ltdLnfO{ s'gs'g n'uf dg k5{ <


#= ltd|f] kl/jf/df s;n] s:tf] n'uf nufp“5g\, eg .
s;n] s:tf]
xh'/a'af sldh, ;'?jfn, 6f]kL
xh'/cfdf
a'af
cfdf
cfk"m

d]/f] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] ljleGg


vfnsf n'uf nufp“5g\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 15
kf7 – % 3/sf] sfd
x]/, lrg / j0f{g u/ M

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7df lbOPsf 3/sf sfdsfh;DaGwL lrqx¿ gd'gf dfq x'g\ . kl/j]zcg';f/ 3/df
ul/g] sfdx¿ ljBfyL{x¿ cfkm“n
} ] klg atfpg ;S5g\ . kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] ug]{ ljleGg
sfd cjnf]sg u/fO{ To;af/]df atfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
16 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= dfly kf7df lbOPsf lrqx¿df s;n] s]s] sfd


ul//x]sf 5g\ <
@= tnsf lrqx¿df dflg;n] s]s] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <

#= ltdL 3/df s]s] sfd u5f}{ <


$= ltd|f] 3/df s;n] s]s] sfd ug'x{ G' 5 <
%= ltdL s;n] u/]sf] sfddf s] ;xof]u u5f}{ <

d]/f 3/sf a'af, cfdf / lbbLx¿n]


w]/} lsl;dsf sfd ug'x{ G' 5 .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 17
kf7 – ^ l5d]ssf] sfd
x]/, lrg / j0f{g u/ M

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
o; kf7df lbOPsf lrqx¿df l5d]sLx¿n] ug]{ sfdsf gd'gf lbOPsf 5g\ . cGo w]/} sfdx¿sf
pbfx/0f lbO{ ljBfyL{x¿;“u 5nkmn ug'k{ g]5
{ .
18 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= kf7df lbOPsf lrqdf dflg;x¿ s]s] sfd ul//x]sf


5g\ <
@= ltd|f] l5d]sLn] ug]{ kf“rcf]6f sfd eg .
#= ltd|f] 3/df ug{] sfd;“u ltd|f l5d]sLn] ug]{ s]s] sfdx¿
ldN5g\ s]s] ldNb}gg\, eg .
$= tnsf lrqdf s]s] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ <

d]/f l5d]ssf dflg;x¿n] ljleGg


k|sf/sf sfd u5{g\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 19
PsfO – tLg ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg

kf7 – ! c;xfonfO{ ;xof]u

lzIf0f lgb]z { gM
ljBfyL{x¿sf] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ldnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL pgLx¿sf] 3/df c;xfox¿ eP ;xof]u
ug{ k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ . c;xfox¿sf nflu ul/g] ;xof]usf] clego u/fpg'xf];\ . afnaflnsfx¿nfO{
k|fT] ;fxg ug]{ vfnsf lqmofsnfk u/fpg'xf];\ .
20 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= lrq x]/ / s;nfO{ s] ;xof]u rflxG5,eg M

@= hf]8f ldnfpm M

d c;xfox¿nfO{ ;xof]u u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 21
kf7 – @ ckfª\unfO{ ;xof]u
x]/, lrg / eg M

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cf“vf gb]Vg], v'§f ef“lrPsf], sfg g;'Gg] cflb ckfª\ux¿sf] clego
u/fO{ To:tf ckfª\ux¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ . sIffdf ckfª\ux¿ eP pgLx¿nfO{
dfgl;s ¿kdf rf]6 k'Ug] lqmofsnfk u/fpg'xb“' g} .
22 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= lrq x]/ / s'g 7Ls s'g a]7Ls eg M

@= s;nfO{ s] rflxG5 <

d ckfª\unfO{ ;xof]u u5{' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 23
PsfO – rf/ gful/s r]tgf
kf7 – ! ;xof]u lng]
x]/, lrg / k9 M

cfdfaf6 ;xof]u a'afaf6 ;xof]u

sfsfaf6 ;xof]u sfsLaf6 ;xof]u


lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
kf7df lbOPsf lrqdf s;n] s] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 eGg nufpg'xf];\ / ljBfyL{n] PSn} ug{
g;Sg] sfddf c¿sf] ;xof]u lnPsf] clego u/fpg'xf];\ . ljBfno glhs} sfd ul//x]sf] 7fp“df
nuL ljleGg lsl;dsf sfdx¿ b]vfpg] / ;s]sf] ;xof]u ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
24 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lqmofsnfk

!= tnsf sfd x]/ / s'gs'g sfddf ltdLnfO{ ;xof]u


rflxG5 To;df 7Ls - _ lrx\g nufpm M

@= ltdLn] 3/df s;nfO{ s] ;xof]u u5f}{ <


#= a'afcfdfn] ltdLnfO{ s'gs'g sfddf ;xof]u ug'x{ G' 5,
eg .
$= ltdLn] ug{ ;Sg] sfdx¿ s'gs'g x'g,\ eg .
d c¿;“u ;xof]u lnG5' .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 25
kf7 – @ ;xof]u lbg]
x]/, lrg / k9 M

cfdfnfO{ ;xof]u a'afnfO{ ;xof]u

alxgLnfO{ ;xof]u xh'/a'afnfO{ ;xof]u


lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
lrqdf s;n] s] sfddf ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 eGg nufpg'xf];\ . sÔfnfO{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L
s'g} sfddf ;xof]u u/]sf] clego u/fO{ Ps csf{df ;xof]u ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
26 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= tnsf] lrqdf s;n] s] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5, eg .

@= ltdL efOalxgLnfO{ s'gs'g sfddf ;xof]u u5f},{ eg .


#= ltdL cfdfnfO{ s'gs'g sfddf ;xof]u u5f}}{ <
$= ltdL s'gs'g sfddf ;xof]u ug{ ;S5f} < ;Sg]df 7Ls
- _ lrx\g nufpm .

d c¿nfO{ ;xof]u u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 27
kf7 – # 3/sf ;fdfgx¿
x]/, lrg / k9 M

s/fO{ yfn lunf;

ef“8f] a6'sf] s's/

6]lnlehg /]l8of] vf6

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
lrqdf ePsf ;fdfgx¿sf] gfd eGg nufpg'xf];\ . ljBfyL{sf 3/df ePsf ;fdfgx¿
kfn}kfnf] eGg nufO{ tL ;fdfgx¿ htg ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ / ;fdfgx¿ pko'Qm :yfgdf /fVg
nufpg'xf];\ .
28 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] 3/df s]s] ;fdfg 5g\ <


@= tnsf lrq x]/ / ltd|f] 3/df ePsf ;fdfgx¿df
7Ls - _ lrx\g nufpm .

s/fO{ yfn a6'sf]

vf6 6]lnlehg /]l8of]


#= ltd|f] 3/df ePsf] dgkg]{ s'g} Pp6f ;fdfgsf] lrq
agfpm .
$= ug{ x'g] sfddf 7Ls - _ / gx'g] sfddf a]7Ls -X_
lrx\g nufpm .

d d]/f] 3/df ePsf ;fdfg htg u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 29
kf7 – $ ljBfnosf ;fdfg
x]/, lrg / k9 M

sÔfsf]7f sfkL lstfa

sfnf]kf6L wf/f v]Ng] rf}/

zf}rfno au}“rf
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfno jl/kl/ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cjnf]sg u/fO{ Toxf“ s]s] 5g\ kfn}kfnf] eGg
nufpg'xf];\ . ljBfnosf ;fdfgx¿sf] htg / ;/;kmfO klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
30 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] sÔfsf]7fdf s]s] 5g\, eg .


a]Gr 8]:s d]r 6]an
sfnf]kf6L lstfa rs 8:6/
gS;f an kmf]6f] tflnsf
@= ltd|f] ljBfnodf s]s] 5g\,ePsf]df - _ lrx\g nufpm .

#= sÔfsf]7fsf sfuhsf 6'qmf / cGo kmf]xf]/ j:t'x¿


l6k]/ ;'/lÔt 7fp“df /fv .
$= ljBfno ;kmf ug{ s]s] ;fdfg rflxG5 <

d 8]:s, a]Gr, 6]an' , d]r / sfnf]kf6Lsf]


htg u5'{ . d ljBfnosf] rf}/,wf/f] /
au}r“ f ;kmf u5'{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 31
kf7 – % 3/df d]/f] sfd
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d laxfg p7\5' .
xft d'v w'G5' .
cf]5o\ fg ldnfp“5' .
d vfgf vfG5' .
n'uf nufp“5' .

ljBfno hfG5' .
k9]/ 3/ kms{G5' .
d n'uf km]5{' .
xft uf]8f w'G5' .
clg k9\g a:5' .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{n] 3/df b}lgs ¿kdf s]s] sfd u5{g\ kfn}kfnf] ;f]wL pgLx¿n] 3/df ug'k{ g]{ lgoldt
sfdx¿ cfkm“} ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
32 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ laxfg p7\gf;fy ========================= hfG5' .
-v_ d ljBfnoaf6 kms]k{ l5 ================ k]m5'{ .
-u_ d ljBfno ================== ;“u hfG5' .
-3_ d ljBfnoaf6 cfPkl5 ======================== u5'{ .
@= tnsf] lrq x]/ . 7Ls sfddf - _ lrx\g nufpm .

#= kf7df lbOPsf] uLt lzÔs;“u} no xfn]/ ufpm .

d 3/df d]/f] sfd cf½}“ u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 33
kf7 – ^
ljBfnodf d]/f] sfd
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d ljBfno hfG5' . d
sÔfsf]7fdf a:5' . sÔfdf
;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/ k9\5' .
lbp“;f] vfhf vfG5' .
;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/ v]N5' .
d ljBfno jl/kl/ ;kmf
/fV5' . d sÔfsf]7f klg
;kmf /fV5' .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfnodf ljBfyL{n] ug]{ sfdsf] cjnf]sg u/L sdLsdhf]/L kfOPdf ;'wf/ ug'x{ f];\ . sÔfnfO{
;d"xdf af“8L :yfgLo v]n v]nfpg] / ldn]/ v]ns
] f 5g\, 5}gg\ cjnf]sg ;d]t ug'x{ f];\ .

34 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf


lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdL ljBfno uP/ s]s] sfd u5f}{ <


@= ltdL ;fyLx¿;“u s]s] v]n v]N5f} <
#= tnsf] lrq x]/ . s'g 7Ls sfd xf], To;df - _
lrx\g nufpm .

$= ltdL ljBfno jl/kl/ ePsf kmf]xf]/x¿ sxf“ kmfN5f} <


%= ltdLn] ljBfnodf b]vs
] f dWo] ;a}eGbf dgkg]{ s'/f
n]v .
d ljBfnodf k9\g,] n]Vg], ;kmf ug]{ /
;fyL;“u v]Ng] sfd u5{' .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 35
PsfO – kf“r xfd|f] k[YjL
kf7 – ! 3/ jl/kl/sf] hldg
of] ;/nfsf] 3/ xf] . ;/nfsf] 3/ cUnf] 7fp“df
5 . ¿v le/fnf] 7fp“df 5 .

of] d]/f] 3/ xf] . d]/f] 3/ xf]rf] 7fp“df 5 . 3/sf]


5]pdf af/L 5 . af/L ;Dd k/]sf] 5 .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cUnf], xf]rf] / ;Dd hldgsf] wf/0ff lbg jl/kl/sf] hldgsf] efu cjnf]sg
u/fO{ kf7sf lqmofsnfkx¿ u/fpg'xf];\ . ljleGg k|sf/sf] hldgsf] :j¿kx¿ ;d]t cjnf]sg
u/fpg'xf];\ .
36 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= lrqdf lbOPsf] s:tf] 7fp“ xf] < n]v .

@= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M
-s_ uf]7 ================================ 7fp“df 5 .
-v_ d]/f] 3/ ========================== 7fp“df 5 .
-u_ d]/f] ;fyLsf] 3/ ============== 7fp“df 5 .
-3_ d]/f] af/L ======================== 7fp“df 5 .
#= lrq agfpm M
ltd|f] 3/ ;fyLsf] 3/
d]/f] 3/ xf]rf] 7fp“df 5 . ;/nfsf] 3/
cUnf] 7fp“df 5 . uª\ufsf] 3/ ;dy/
7fp“df 5 .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 37
kf7 – @ ljBfno jl/kl/sf] hldg
x]/, lrg / k9 M
of] d]/f] ljBfno xf] . d]/f] ljBfno xf]rf] 7fp“df 5 .
ljBfnosf] cufl8 rf}/ klg 5 . rf}/ ;Dd k/]sf] 5 .
ljBfnosf] k5fl8 jg 5 .

ljBfno

/d]zsf] ljBfno cUnf] 7fp“df 5 . /d]zsf]


ljBfno kxf8df 5 . kxf8 cUnf] 7fp“ xf] .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ klxn] kf7 k9\g nufO;s]kl5 sÔf aflx/ n}hfg'xf];\ . cfk\mgf] ljBfnosf] jl/kl/sf]
hldgsf] :j¿k cjnf]sg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 lbOPsf lj|mofsnfkx¿ u/fpg'xf];\ .
38 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] ljBfno s:tf] 7fp“df 5 <


@= ltd|f] ljBfno jl/kl/ s]s] 5g\ <
#= tnsf cª\sx¿df w;f{ sf]/L 3/af6 ljBfno hfg]
af6f] agfpm .
( !) !#
* !@
!!
@ # $ &
%
^
!

$= 3/af6 ljBfno hf“bf ltdL s:tf] af6f] lx“85


\ f} <
lrq x]//] eg .

%= ltd|f] ljBfno s:tf] 7fp“df 5 < lrq agfO{


lzÔsnfO{ b]vfpm .

d]/f] ljBfno xf]rf] 7fp“df 5 . /d]zsf]


ljBfno cUnf]] 7fp“df 5 . uLtfsf]
ljBfno ;Dd 7fp“df 5 .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 39
kf7 – # 3/sf] gS;f
/fh' clxn] aflx/ 5 . p;sf ;fyLx¿ klg aflx/ 5g\ .
lzÔs klg aflx/ x'gx' G' 5 . ;a}n] ljBfno jl/kl/
x]/] . Toxf“ 3/x¿ lyP . 3/x¿ 7"nf / ;fgf lyP .

/fh'n] aflx/sf 3/x¿ x]¥of] . /fh'n] 3/sf] gS;f


agfof] . gS;fsf] 3/ ;fgf] lyof] . aflx/sf 3/x¿
7"nf lyP . aflx/sf 3/
O“6af6 ag]sf lyP . /fh'n]
l;;fsndn] 3/sf] gS;f
agfof] .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ sÔfsf]7f aflx/ nuL ljBfno jl/kl/ s:tfs:tf lsl;dsf 3/x¿ 5g\,
To;sf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ gS;f agfpg k|fT] ;flxt ug'x{ f];\ . 3/sf] gS;fnfO{ ljleGg cfsf/x¿df
6'qmf agfP/ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ hf]8g\ lbg'xf];\ .
40 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] 3/ sRrL jf kSsL s:tf] 5 <


@= ltd|f] 3/ slt tn] 5 / sltcf]6f sf]7f 5g\ <
#= ltd|f] 3/ ljBfnoaf6 stf k5{ <
$= sÔfaflx/ hfpm . glhsdf ePsf 3/x¿ x]/ . ltdLn]
b]vs
] f 3/sf] gS;f agfpg] cEof; u/ .
%= 3/sf] cfs[lt ePsf] sf7 jf afSnf] sfuh sf6L
cfk\mgf] sfkLdf 3/sf] gS;f ptf/ . ;fyLn] agfPsf]
klg x]/ .
^= tnsf] lrqdf 3/ agfpg] ;fdfgx¿ lbOPsf 5g\ .
ltgLx¿sf] gfd n]v .

&= ltdLn] b]vs


] f] 3/sf] lrq sfuhdf s]n] agfof} <

s'g} klg j:t' / 7fp“sf] cfsf/k|sf/


sfuhdf ptfg'{ g} gS;f xf] .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 41
kf7 – $ ljBfnosf] gS;f
x]/, lrg / k9 M

ljBfno

/hgLn] cfk\mgf l] jBfnosf] gS;f agfOg\ . pgsf]


ljBfno ufp“ glhs} 5 . ljBfnosf] k"jd{ f vf]nf
5 . klZrddf ufp“ 5 .
/hgLsf] ljBfno ;fgf]
5 . ljBfnosf] 5]pdf
wf/f] 5 . ljBfnodf
rkL{ klg 5 .
ljBfnosf] cufl8
k"mnaf/L 5 .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
ljleGg gS;f lbO{ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 6«;] u/fpg'xf];\ . yf]Knf -86_ jf cª\s hf]8/] gS;f agfpg]
cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ / cfk\mgf] ljBfnosf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ ;fdfGo gS;f sf]g{ cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ l;Gsfx¿ lbP/ 3/ jf ljBfnosf] cfs[lt agfpg] cEof; ;d]t u/fpg'xf];\ .
42 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] ljBfno s:tf] 5 < n]v .

@= ltd|f] ljBfno cufl8 s] 5 <


#= ltd|f] ljBfnodf sltcf]6f sf]7f 5g\ <
$= ltd|f] ljBfnosf] 5fgf s]n] ag]sf] 5 <
%= lrq agfpg s]s] rflxG5, s]s] rflx“bg} , x]//] eg .

^= /hgLn] agfPh:t} cfk\mgf] ljBfnosf] gS;f agfpg]


cEof; u/ .

d d]/f] ljBfnosf] gS;f agfpg ;S5' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 43
kf7 – % sIffsf]7fsf] gS;f
x]/, lrg / k9 M

of] hgssf] sÔf xf] . hgs sÔf Psdf k9\5 .


sÔfsf]7fdf Pp6f 9f]sf 5 . 9f]sf k"jk{ l§ 5 .
‰ofn b'Oc
{ f]6f 5g\ . Pp6f ‰ofn pQ/kl§ 5 . csf]{
‰ofn blÔ0fkl§ 5 . sÔfsf]7fleq sfnf]kf6L 5 .
8]:s / a]Grx¿ klg 5g\ . sÔfsf]7f km/flsnf] 5 .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ?n/sf] ;xof]u lnO{ ljleGg wsf]{ tfGg] cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ / cfk\mgf s
] Ôfsf]
cjnf]sg ug{ nufO{ Toxf“ s]s] 5g\, To;sf] cfwf/df sÔfsf]7fsf] gS;f agfpg] cEof;
u/fpg'xf];\ .
44 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] sÔfsf]7f s:tf] 5 <

@= ltd|f] sÔfsf]7fdf s]s] 5g\,ePsf]df 7Ls - _ /


gePsf]df a]7Ls -X_ lrx\g b]pm M
9f]sf ‰ofn
sfnf]kf6L b/fh
6]lnlehg yfn
8]:s a]Gr
k':ts sDKo'6/
rs
$= ltd|f] sÔfsf]7fsf] gS;f agfpg] cEof; u/ . ;fyLn]
agfPsf] klg x]/ . ltd|f] gS;f klg ;fyLnfO{ b]vfpm .

d d]/f] sÔfsf]7fsf] gS;f agfpg ;S5' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 45
PsfO – 5 xfd|f] ljut
kf7 – ! d]/f] hGd
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d]/f] gfd /Ltf rf}w/L xf] . d]/f] 3/ bfª lhNnfdf


5 . d]/f] hGd @)%& ;fn kmfu'g dlxgfsf] & ut]
ePsf] xf] . d ;f]daf/ laxfg * ah] hGd]sL x'“ .
d clxn] ^ jif{sL eP“ .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
cleefjssf] ;xof]udf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfk"m hGd]sf] ldlt / 7fp“ n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .
46 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= tnsf zAbnfO{ ldNg] 7fp“df n]v M


!@ kmfu'g ;f]daf/
cfOtaf/kl5 ========================= cfp“5 .
df3 dlxgfkl5 ======================= cfp“5 .
Ps jif{df ======================== dlxgf x'G5 .
@= ltdL hGd]sf] 7fp“sf] gfd n]v .
#= cfk\mgfaf/]df tnsf] tflnsf e/L ;fyLx¿nfO{ k9]/
;'gfpm .
gfd hGd]sf] ;fn dlxgf ut] af/

$= s'g} b'Oh
{ gf ;fyLsf af/]df dflysf] h:t} tflnsf
agfO{ lzÔsnfO{ b]vfpm .
%= cfh slt ut], af/, dlxgf / ;fn xf] < n]v/] b]vfpm .

d d]/f] hGd lbg / hGd]sf] 7fp“ eGg ;S5' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 47
kf7 – @ d]/f] k'vf{
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d]/f] xh'/a'afsf] gfd /fdaxfb'/ yfkf xf] . d]/f] xh'/


cfdfsf] gfd uLtfb]jL yfkf xf] . pxf“sf b'O{ 5f]/f /
Ps 5f]/L x'gx' G' 5 . d]/f] a'af pxf“x¿sf] h]7f] 5f]/f
xf] . d]/f] a'afsf] gfd xl/axfb'/ yfkf xf] . d]/f]
cfdfsf] gfd dgs'df/L yfkf xf] . d]/f a'afcfdf
nfxfgdf a:g'xG' 5 . d]/f a'afcfdf @)%$ ;fnb]lv
nfxfgdf cfpg'ePsf] xf] . d]/f] gfd ;'lgtf yfkf xf] .
lzÔ0f lgb]z{ gM
cfk\mgf] tLg k':tfsf] gd'gf k|:t't u/L afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ klg pgLx¿sf] tLg k':tfsf] tflnsf
agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
48 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= s;nfO{ s] eGg'k5{, n]v M


-s_ a'afsf] a'afnfO{ =============== eGg'k5{ .
-v_ a'afsf] cfdfnfO{ ============== eGg'k5{ .
-u_ a'afsf] efOnfO{ =============== eGg'k5{ .
-3_ a'afsf] lbbLnfO{ =============== eGg'k5{ .
@= tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf JolQmx¿sf] gfd 3/sf
hfGg] dflg;;“u ;f]w/] n]v M
xh'/a'af================ xh'/cfdf==================

a'af======= cfdf====== sfsf====== sfsL======


bfh' ===== lbbL===== cfk"m =====
#= a'afcfdfnfO{ ;f]wL tnsf] tflnsf e/ M
sf]xf] hGd]sf] ;fn hGd]sf] 7fp“ xfn a;]sf] 7fp“
cfdf
a'af

d cfk\mgf] tLg k':tfsf] gfd eGg ;S5' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 49
kf7 – # d]/f] 3/sf] d'Vo dfG5]
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d]/f] cfdf ljBfnodf k9fpg'xG' 5 . dnfO{ lstfa,sfkL


lslglbg'xG' 5 . 3/sf nflu vfg]s/' f lsGg'xG' 5 . 3/sf
;a}nfO{ n'uf lsg]/ NofOlbg'xG' 5 . 3/df ePsf ;a}sf]
x]/rfx ug'x{ G' 5 . 3/sf ;a}n] ug]{ sfd atfOlbg'xG' 5 .
d]/f] cfdf 3/sf] d'Vo dfG5] x'gx' G' 5 .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] ug]{ sfd eGg nufO{ sfdsf] cfwf/df d'Vo
dfG5] sf] x'g,\ kQf nufpg nufpg'xf];\ .
50 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] 3/df d'Vo dfG5] sf] x'gx' G' 5 <


@= ltd|f] 3/sf] d'Vo dfG5]n] s]s] sfd ug'x{ G' 5 <
#= ltd|f] 3/sf] d'Vo dfG5]n] ug]{ sfd;“u s'gs'g lrq
ldN5 < ldNg]df - _ lrx\g nufpm .

$= ltd|f] 3/df s'g sfd s;n] ug'x{ G' 5 < tflnsfdf n]v M
s'g sfd s;n]
vfg]s/' f Nofpg]
n'ufsk8f Nofpg]
3/sf c¿nfO{ sfd atfOlbg]
?lkof“ k};f lng] lbg]
lstfa, sfkL lslglbg]
d}n] d]/f] 3/sf] d'Vo dfG5] lrg“] .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 51
kf7 – $ d]/f] dfdf3/
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d]/f] cfdfsf] dfOtL3/ /fd]5fk xf] . cfdfsf] Pshgf


bfh' x'g' x' G' 5 . pxf“ d]/f] dfdf xf] . d cfdf;“u b;}d“ f
dfdf3/ hfG5' . dfdf3/df dfOh" klg x'gx' G' 5 .
dnfO{ dfdf / dfOh"n] dfof ug'x{ G' 5 .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ kfn}kfnf] u/L pgLx¿sf] dfdf3/ s'g 7fp“df 5 ;f]Wg'xf];\ . pgLx¿sf]
dfdf / dfOh"sf] gfd klg eGg nufpg'xf];\ .
52 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] dfdf3/ s'g 7fp“df 5 <


@= ltd|f] dfdf3/df sf]sf] x'gx' G' 5 < n]v .
#= ltd|f] dfdf / dfOh"sf] gfd ;f]w/] n]v .
$= s;nfO{ s] eGg'k5{ < n]v .
cfdfsf] efOnfO{ ==================
cfdfsf] bfh'nfO{ ====================
cfdfsf] a'afnfO{ ===================
cfdfsf] cfdfnfO{ ===================
%= ltdL;“u} a:g] Pshgf ;fyLsf] dfdf3/ s'g 7fp“df
5, ;f]w/] n]v .
^= ltd|f] dfdf3/sf] lrq agfpm .

d]/f] cfdfsf] dfOtL3/ d]/f] dfdf3/ xf] .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 53
PsfO – ;ft xfd|f] cfly{s lqmofsnfk
kf7 – ! 3/sf] sfddf ;xof]u
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d]/f] xh'/cfdf k"hf ug'x{ G' 5 . d xh'/cfdfnfO{ k"hfsf]


;fdu|L nlulbG5' . xh'/a'af 8f]sf] a'Gg'xG' 5 . d
xh'/a'afnfO{ rf]of nlulbG5' . cfdf sk8f a'Gg'xG' 5 .
d cfdfnfO{ wfuf] nlulbG5' . a'af v]tdf sfd
ug'x{ G' 5 . d a'afnfO{ vfhf nlulbG5' . lbbL k9\gx' G' 5 .
d lbbLnfO{ lstfa nlulbG5' . bfh' 3/ ;kmf
ug'x{ G' 5 . d bfh'nfO{ s'rf] nlulbG5' . d 3/sf]
sfddf ;s]sf] dbt u5'{ .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
of] kf7 lzÔ0f ubf{ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfcfk\mgf] 3/df x'g] sfd eGg nufO{ s'gs'g sfddf
;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ / s'gs'gdf ;Sb}gg\ k|Zgf]Q/ u/fpg'xf];\ .
54 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] 3/df s;n] s]s] sfd u5{g\ <


s;n] s] sfd
a'af
cfdf
bfh'
lbbL
@= ltdLn] dbt ug{ ;Sg]df 7Ls - _ / g;Sg]df a]7Ls
-x_ lrx\g nufpm M
-s_ d a'afnfO{ 3/sf] sfddf dbt u5'{ .
-v_ d a'afnfO{ clkm;sf] sfddf dbt u5'{ .
-u_ d cfdfnfO{ efG;fsf] sfddf dbt u5'{ .
-3_ d cfdfnfO{ la/fdL hf“Rg] sfddf dbt u5'{ .
#= s] ug{ s] rflxG5,n]v M
s] ug{ < s] rflxG5 <
3/ ;kmf ug{
eft ksfpg
d 3/sf] sfddf dbt u5'{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 55
kf7 – @ ;fdfgsf] htg / kmf?
x]/, lrg / k9 M

d lstfa htg;“u k9\5' . d lstfasfkL emf]nfdf


/fV5' . d nufpg] n'uf / h'Qf 7Ls 7fp“df
/fV5' . d bf“t df‰bf a';| htg u/]/ rnfp“5' .
d~hg kmf? u/]/ rnfp“5' . d ;a} ;fdfgx¿ v]/
kmflNbg“ . ;fdfgsf] htg / kmf? ug'{ /fd|f] afgL
xf] .
lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
5nkmn / k|bz{gåf/f afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;fdfgx¿sf] k|of]u ug{ / kmf? ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
ljBfyL{x¿;“u /x]sf] ;fdfg htg / kmf? ug{ cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .
56 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdLn] 3/df / ljBfnodf s]s] ;fdfg k|of]u u5f}“{ <


3/df k|of]u ug]{ ljBfnodf k|of]u ug]{
!= a';| != rs
@= @=
#= #=
$= $=
%= %=
@= s'g ;fdfg s'g;“u ldN5 <
'
g
;fa

#= s'g ;fdfg s;/L htg u5f},{ n]v M


;fdfgsf] gfd s;/L htg u5f}{ <
lstfa
sfkL
k]lG;n
n'uf
d cfk\mgf] ;fdfgsf] htg / kmf? u5'{ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 57
kf7 – # 3/df ag]sf vfg]s/' f
x]/, lrg / k9 M

kf?xfª ef]hk'/sf] s'nª' ufp“df a:5g\ . pgsf]


af/Ldf ds}, e6df; / sf]bf] kmN5 . ;'Gtnfaf/L klg
5 . 3/df ufO{e;}“ L kfn]sf 5g\ . ufO{e;“} Ln] b"w
lbG5g\ . kf?xfª cfk\mg} af/Ldf kmn]sf] ds} /
sf]bf]sf] kL7f]sf]
l9“8f] vfG5g\ .
cfk\mg} af/Ldf
kmn]sf ;'Gtnf
vfG5g\ .
ufO{e;“} Lsf] b"w
lkp“5g\ . ljBfnodf klg e'6s ] f] ds} / e6df;sf]
vfhf vfG5g\ . kf?xfª :j:y / alnof 5g\ .
lzÔ0f lgb]z{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ 3/df ag]sf vfg]s/' fsf] gfd ;f]wL tL vfg]s/' fx¿ vfg k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ .
ahf/sf Koflsª ul/Psf w]/h} ;f] vfg]s/' fx¿n] :jf:Yodf xflg k'¥ofpg] x'b“ f To:tf vfg]s/' f
vf“bf xf]; k'¥ofpg'kg]{ / ;s];Dd gvfg k|l] /t ug{k' b{5 .
58 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

!= ltd|f] 3/df s]s] vfg]s/' f aG5 < n]v M


@= 3/df aGg] / aflx/ aGg] vfg]s/' f 5'6o\ fpm M

eft kmnk"mn /f]6L rsn]6

b"w rfprfp kfp/f]6L u]8fu'8L

#= 7Ls eP - _ lrx\g nufpm M


-s_ -v_

-u_ -3_

d 3/df ag]sf ;a} vfg]s/' f v]/ gkmfnL vfG5' .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 59
kf7 – $
3/df ag]sf ;fdfg
x]/, lrg / k9 M
xfd|f] 3/df w]/} ;fdfgx¿
aG5g\ . d cfdfn]
a'Gg'ePsf] l:j6/ nufp“5' .
d 3/d} ag]sf] df6f]sf]
r/f, 3f]8f / xfQL v]N5' .
d}n] lstfa af]Sg] emf]nf km'kn " ] a'lglbg'ePsf] xf] .
d}n] nufpg] 6f]kL a'afn] a'lglbg'ePsf] xf] . d 3/}df

a'gs
] f] u'Gb|L / ;'sn' cf]5\ofp“5' . xfdL 3/d}
ag]sf 8f]sf], 8fnf] / lksf{ k|of]u u5f}“{ .
!= ltd|f] 3/df s]s] ;fdfg aG5g\, eg .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] 3/df ag]sf ;fdfgx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg nufO{ ltg} ;fdu|L
k|of]u ug{ k]l| /t ug{x' f];\ .
60 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
lj|mofsnfk

@= ltd|f] 3/df k|of]u x'g] s'gs'g ;fdfg 3/df / s'gs'g


;fdfg aflx/ ag]sf] xf] < tflnsfdf b]vfpm .
;fdfg sxf“ ag]sf]
u'Gb|L 3/df
ef“8f] aflx/

#= ltd|f] 3/df ag]sf s'g} rf/cf]6f ;fdfgx¿sf] lrq


agfpm .

d 3/d} ag]sf ;fdfgx¿ k|of]u u5'{ .


d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 61
62 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
l;h{gfTds snf

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 63


b[Zosnf
kf7 – ! /]vflrq

9'ªu\ f, 5]:sf, kft, k"mn


cflbnfO{ /fvL lrq
agfpg ;lsG5 . ltdLn]
klg lrq agfof} <

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿nfO{ b]vfO{ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ljleGg k|Zg u/L lqmofsnfkaf/]
5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
– sfuh, afn'jf, lk7f], e'O“ cflbdf cf}n“ f, 5]:sfn] ls/ld/] lrq jf cfsf/ agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf ljleGg lrqx¿sf af/]df Pscfk;df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ /
lrqaf/] k|Zg ug'{xf];\ .
64 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
d klg k"mn agfp“5' M ljleGg /]vfaf6 k"mn agfpm .
rs,v/L,k]lG;n tyf uf]n
cflbaf6 cfk"mnfO{ dgkg]{
cfsf/ agfpm .

s] agfof} <

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿af/] ljleGg k|Zg u/L 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf lrqx¿df pgLx¿n] dg k/fPsf /ª eg{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf lrqx¿nfO{ k|bz{g u/L Pscfk;df 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 65
dnfO{ /fd|f nfu]sf s'/fx¿ M
ltdLnfO{ /dfOnf] nfu]sf /
ug{ rfx]sf] lrq agfpm .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly pNn]v ePsf lrqx¿sf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ 5nkmn tyf k|Zgf]Q/ ug'x{ f];\ .
– ljBfyL{nfO{ dg kg]{ ljifoj:t'sf] lrq agfpg nufO{ k|bz{g u/L 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
66 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
kf7 – @ /ª
/ªsf] gfd eg M

ltdLnfO{ s'g /ª dg k5{ <


dnfO{ t /ftf] /ª dg k5{ .

/ª v]nf}“ M

/ª ld;fP/ ljleGg /ª
aG5 . ltdLn] s:tfs:tf
/ªx¿ agfof} .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– jl/kl/ /x]sf ljleGg j:t'x¿sf] /ªsf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ /ªaf/] ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
– /ªsf ljleGg k|of]u u/fO{ 5nkmn u/fpg'xf];\ .
– dfly pNn]v ePsf /ªx¿af6 cGo /ª agfpg nufO{ k|Zg ug'x{ f];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 67
dnfO{ dg kg]{ dfG5]
d]/f] gfd =============xf] .
dnfO{ =========== dg k5{ .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly pNn]v ePsf lrqx¿sf] cjnf]sg u/fO{ 5nkmn tyf k|Zgf]Q/ ug'x{ f];\ .
– ljBfyL{nfO{ dgkg]{ ljifoj:t'sf] lrq agfpg nufO{ k|bz{g u/L 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
68 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
kf7 – # 5kfO
lrq x]/ / u/ M
ljleGg j:t'x¿af6 5kfO
sfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 . nf} x]/
t, s:tf] 5kfO eof] .

k};fsf] 9\ofs cfof] <

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly lbOPsf lrqx¿af/] ljBfyL{x¿df 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ / dflysf lqmofsnfkaf/] ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
– lrqdf b]vfOPh:t} u/L ljleGg j:t'x¿ h:t} M kft, ¿v, sf7, 9'ª\uf cflbaf6 5kfO sfo{
u/fpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 69
kf7 – $ sf]nfh
sfuh Roft,sf6, 6f“; / lrq agfpmM

sfuhsf 6'qmfaf6 s:tfs:tf


cfsf/ agfpg ;S5f},
6f“; / x]/ .
lzÔ0f lgb]z{ gM
– sf]nfh snf eGgfn] sfuhnfO{ RoftL, 6'qmf agfO{ ltgnfO{ sfuh dfly 6f“;L ljleGg
cfsf/ agfpg] snf xf] . o;df sfuhafx]s cGo j:t'x¿nfO{ klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
– RofTg] sfuh ljBfyL{n] k|of]u ug]{ lstfa jf sfkLafx]s cGo lstfa k|of]u ug{k' b{5 .
– RofTg] sfuh sfkLsf] eGbf km/s /ªsf] x'gk' b{5 . 6f“;/] agfOPsf] j:t'sf] cfsf/ lglZrt
x'gk' 5{ eGg] h?/L 5}g . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ca 6f“:g] s'/f k|of]u ug{ l;sfpg'xf];\ .
– cfsf/x¿ s:tfs:tf b]lvG5g\ sNkgf ug{ / 5nkmn ug{ k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ .
70 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
kf7 – % df6f]sf] sfd

s;/L agfpg] <

df6f];u“ v]nf}“ M

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– df6f]sf] Joj:yf u/L /fd|/L kfgL ldnfO{ df6f] tof/ ug'x{ f];\ .
– dfly b]vfOPh:t} u/L ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ df6f]df ljleGg cg'ej ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– o:t} k|sf/sf cGo lqmofsnfkx¿ klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 71
df6f]sf] cIf/ M
d}n] :ofp agfP“ .

dgkg]{ cfsf/ agfpm M


xfdL kmnk"mn xfdL hgfj/
dg k/fp“5f}“ . dg k/fp“5f}“ .

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf] s'g} klg cfs[ltnfO{ ePg jf ldn]g jf csf]{ ljBfyL{n] agfPh:t} agfpm
eg]/ slxNo} klg geGg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf cfsf/ agfpg nufO;s]kl5 To; cfs[ltx¿ hf]8/] jf ldnfP/
csf]{ s'g} cfs[lt jf j:t' agfpg nufpg'xf];\ .
– ljBfyL{x¿n] agfPsf] j:t'af/] 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ / p;nfO{ cem a9L agfpg k|l] /t ug'x{ f];\ .
72 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
;ª\uLt
kf7 – ! d tfnL ahfp“5'

) ! @ #

o;/L g} af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .


lzÔ0f lgb]z{ g M
– s'g} klg uLt l;sfpg'eGbf cufl8 ;ª\st] cg';f/ tfnL / vfnLsf] af/Daf/ cEof; ug{
nufpg'xf];\ . h:t} M
tf/f afhL n}S n}S
! @ # $
dfdf cfP 3f]S 8fS
! @ # $

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 73


kf7 – @ d v'§f / sDd/ rnfp“5'

! @
d v'§f;“u} sDd/ klg rnfp“5' .

o;/L g} af/Daf/ cEof; u/ .


lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– s'g} klg uLtdf gfRgsf nflu ;j{ky| d bflxg] v'§f tfnL;“u} rfNg] cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– klxn] bflxg] v'§f dfq af/Daf/ cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– s'g} klg uLtdf gfRgsf nflu ;j{ky| d bflxg] v'§f rfNg] cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– klxn] Pp6f bflxg] v'§f dfq af/Daf/ cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
74 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
kf7 – # d xftsf rfnx¿ cEof; u5'{ .

;fgf]÷yf]/} 7"nf]÷w]/}

r'Rrf] jf cUnf] k"mn


-3/, dlGb/, kxf8_
d ;'Tg'
-cfk"m,xfdL, dg_

c¿ vfg'
-ltd|f,] ltdL_
;'g lkpg'

cfpm gbL

lzÔ0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly lrqdf lbOPsf xftsf d'bf| x¿ -x:td'bf| _ dfly plNnlvt zAbcg';f/ af/Daf/
cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . oL d'bf| x¿ uLtsf] zAbcg';f/ clego ub}{ v'§fsf] rfn;“u}
tfndf g[To cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 75
kf7 – $ afnuLtx¿
afnuLt– !

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dflysf uLtsf zAbx¿df tfncg';f/ clego ub}{ g[To cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . o;/L
g[To ubf{ uLtdf elgPsf zAbx¿nfO{ a;]/, p7]/ tyf 3'd]/ klg cleJoQm u/fpg
;lsG5 . ;f]xLcg';f/ klg cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .
76 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
afnuLt–@

d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 77


afnuLt– #

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– d]/f] g]kfnL lstfa sIff ! df plNnlvt afnuLtx¿df uLt tyf g[To af/Daf/
cEof; ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
– o;/L g} c¿ afnuLtx¿df klg ufpg / g[To ug{ ;lsG5 .
78 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf
kf7 – % clego
x]/, lrg / cfjfhsf] gSsn u/ M

lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly plNnlvt ePsf kz'kÔLx¿sf] cfjfh tyf ltgLx¿sf] rfn ;d]t gSsn ug{
nufpg'xf];\ .
– o:t} k|sf/af6 cGo kz'kIfLx¿sf] klg gSsn tyf clego ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .
d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf 79
x]/, lrg / eg M

!
@

%
# $

^ &

* ( !)
lzIf0f lgb]z
{ gM
– dfly pNn]v ePsf ljleGg :yfgLo afhfx¿ h:t} M -!_ xfdf{]lgod -@_ af“;'/L -#_ 8d¿
-$_ 8Dk'm -%_ dfbn -^_ ;gfO{ -&_ ;f/ª\uL -*_ 6\ofDsf] -(_ 6'ªu\ gf -!)_ Pstf/] cflbaf/]
5nkmn u/fO{ To;sf] gfd ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
– o:t} k|sf/n] cGo afhfx¿af/] ljBfyL{x¿df k|Zg ug'x{ f];\ .
80 d]/f] ;fdflhs cWoog tyf l;h{gfTds snf

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