1 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs

uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 2

 k|;
] sfplG;n g]kfnåf/f ‘/fli6«o s’ ju{df dfGotf k|fKt

;+ljt k/fdz{ d08n

cfafn a|Xdrf/L slj/fh b]j/fh cfrfo{
k|f= lzjuf]kfn l/;fn
8f= lag' afaf cof{n
;Nnfxsf/
>LdtL uËf sfsL{
>LdtL dfwjL g]kfn
>LdtL lzjf l/dfn
>LdtL ;Ltf >]i7, v8\sf
>LdtL sdnf a:g]t
>L gj/fh nfld5fg]
>L df]xg rf}w/L
k|sfzs÷;Dkfbs jif{ !^, cª\s @, @)&& sflQs, k"0ff{ªs
\ !&%
ch'{g nfld5fg] -(*%!)%#^)!_
pk–;Dkfbs sflQs @)&&
lagf clwsf/L z
zlgaf/ ! * !% @@ @(
Joj:yfks
lab'/k|;fb clwsf/L cfOtaf/ @ ( !^ @# #)
;xof]uL
lagLtf kf7s ;f]daf/ # !) !& @$
;fh;HhfM lakLg ;f]8f/L -(*$(*%^@!)_
d'b|sM lszf]/ ckm;]6 k|];
dª\unaf/ $ !! !* @%
cWofTd 1fg lng' / lbg' k/d wd{ xf] . a'waf/ % !@ !( @^
Ps k|ltsf] ?= $%÷–
jflif{s ;b:otf z'Ns ?= %))÷– lalxaf/ ^ !# @) @&
cfhLjg ;b:otf z'Ns ?= %,)))÷–
u|fxs ag]/ uf}/Lsf] k|sfzgdf 6]jf k'¥ofO k'0o sdfpg'xf];\ . z'qmaf/ & !$ @! @*
o; klqsfdf k|sflzt nf]v /rgfx¿ n]vssf JolQmut ljrf/ x'g\– ;Dkfbs
sfof{no
e'jg]Zj/Ldfu{, kz'klt, sf7df8f}+
6Lsfsf] ;fOt
kmf]g gDa/– (*)#***^^&, (*)#)(@$!& g]kfn k~rfË lg0ff{os ;ldltsf cg';f/ of] k6s
Od]nM– gauri_2062@yahoo.com / masikgauri@gmail.com
bz}s
+ f] 6Lsfsf] ;fOt laxfg !)M!( ah]nfO{ h'/s ] f]
ljt/s 5 . ;ldltsf ;b:o;lrj ;"ok{ ; | fb 9'Ën
] sf cg';f/
ljZj :jtGq ;+rf/ sflQs !) ut] b'uf{bj] L lj;h{gkZrft ;fOtkl5
gofFafg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+, kmf]g g+=M (*%!)#)(&@
h'gs'g} ;dodf klg 6Lsf u|x0f ug{ plrt x'g5 ] .
k"jf{~rn k|flKt :yfg– sflQs ! ut]bl] v gj/fq k|f/De x'g5 ] . sflQs @
j}lbs ;+:sf/ tyf ;fdu|L k|lti7fg ut] ljb]zl:yt /fhb"tfjf;, g]kfnL s"6gLlts lgof]u
ljtf{df]8, emfkf .
kmf]g– )@#–%$$$$( / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /fli6«o em08f km]g{] lbg /x]sf]
5 . To:t}, sflQs % ut] krnL e}/j ofqf / & ut]
klZrdf~rn k|flKt :yfg
n'lDagL k"hf ;fdu|L k|lti7fg
xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/df km"nkftL le­œofpg] ;fOt 5 .
a'6jn– * 6«flkms rf]s, b'uf{dlGb/ nfOg sflQs * ut] sfn/flq / ( ut] dxfgjdL kj{ k/]sf]
kmf]g– )&!–%$#$)! 5.
3 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
cljlR5Gg
!^*
>Ldb\efujtdxfk'/f0f
;'bfdfhLnfO{ P]Zjo{k|flKt
a|fXd0fb]jtf ;'bfdfhL cfˆgL :qLnfO{ o; k|sf/
b]v]/ cfZro{rlst eP . x'g t pgL cfˆgL kTgLsf
;fy dxndf k|j]z u/] t/ klg cfˆgf] of] csf/0f
;d[l4nfO{ b]v]/ pgL uDeL/tfsf ;fy ljrf/ ug{ yfn]
ls d hGdb]lv g} bl/b|, d]/f glhs o:tf] P]Zjo{
cgfof; cfpg] s] sf/0f xf] <
s]xL s'/f klg a'‰g g;Sg] x'gfn] pgn] oxL
lgZro u/] ls of] cjZo g} eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] s[kf xf] .
pxfFn] ofrs eQmsf dgsf efj hfg]/ w]/}eGbf w]/} lbg]
ug{x'G5Ù t/ ;fd'df eQmnfO{ s]xL eGg'x'Gg . d]/f ;vf
Zofd;'Gb/ ;fFRrL g} d]3eGbf klg a9L pbf/ x'g'x'G5, .
d]3, h;n] ;d'b| eg]{ zlQm /fv]/ klg ls;fgsf ;fd'
s]xL gjif]{/ ls;fgx¿ ;'lt;s]kl5 /ftdf jlif{G5 /
w]/} jif]{/ klg yf]/} g} 7fGb5 . pxfFsf eQmn] pxfFsf
nflu s]xL yf]/} lbPsf 5g\ eg] klg To;nfO{ >Ls[i0fn]
w]/} 7fGg'x'G5 . d}n] s]jn Ps d'7L lrp/f pkxf/
lbPy]+, t/ pbf/lz/f]dl0f >Ls[i0fn] To;nfO{ slt k|]dn]
:jLsf/ ug{'eof] . dnfO{ hGd hGdfGt/;Dd pxfFs}
k|]d / ldqtf k|fKt xf];\ . d ct'n ;DklQ / :ju{sf]
j}ej rfxGg . ;b}j pxfFsf r/0fdf cg'/fu / pxfFs}
eQmx¿sf] ;T;Ë k|fKt eO/xf];\ . oxL d]/f] Ps dfq
clenfiff 5 .
eQmk|j/ ;'bfdf cgf;Qmefjn] cfˆgL kTgLsf
;fy eujfg\sf k|;fb:j¿k To; P]Zjo{sf] pkef]u ug{
nfu] . lbgfg'lbg pgsf] k|]d >Ls[i0fsf r/0fdf a9\b}
uof] / ;do cfPkl5 eujfg\sf r/0fnfO{ k|fKt u/] .
s'?If]qdf gGbhL / ob'j+zLx¿sf] ;dfud
k/LlIft Û >Ls[i0f / an/fd åf/sfdf lgjf;
ubf{sf jvt g} Psk6s ;"o{u|x0f nfUof] . o:tf]
z'edf}sfdf ;a} ob'j+zL ;"o{u|x0fdf :gfgk'0o ug{
s'?If]q cfPsf lyP . >Ls[i0fsf ;fy cqm"/, j;'b]j,
pu|;]g, k|B'Dg, ;fDa cflb ob'j+zL klg cfPsf lyP .
s]jn clg?4 / ob'j+zLsf ;]gfklt s[tjdf{ gu/sf]
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 4
/Iffsf nflu åf/sfdf /x]sf lyP . s'?If]qdf k'u]/
ob'j+zLx¿n] Psfu|lrQn] u|x0f:gfg / pkjf; -j|t_
a;]/ a|fXd0fx¿nfO{ ef]hg u/fP . s'?If]qdf To;a]nfdf
gGbhL cflb uf]kj|hsf uf]lkgLx¿ klg cfPsf lyP .
j;'b]j / pu|;]gn] s'?If]qdf To;a]nf Pslqt
c?c? /fhfx¿sf] klg ;d'lrt cfb/;Tsf/
u/]sf lyP . eLidlktfdx, b|f]0ffrfo{, w[t/fi6« cfˆgf
5f]/fx¿sf ;fy ufGwf/L tyf kf08j, s'GtL, ;~ho,
ljb'/, s[kfrfo{, s'lGtef]h, lj/f6\, eLids, dxf/fh
gUglht, k'?lht / b|'kb cflb klg ToxfF cfPsf
lyP . olt lbgkl5 cfsl:ds ldng / kf/:kl/s
jftf{nfkn] ;a}nfO{ ;fx|} cfgGb eof] . pgLx¿sf] x[bo
pTkm'Nn eof] / cfFvfaf6 k|]df>' aUg yfn] . gGbhLnfO{
>Ls[i0f / cGo ob'j+zLx¿ cfPsf] yfxf kfPkl5 pgL
uf]kx¿sf ;fy cfˆgf 5f]/f >Ls[i0f / an/fdnfO{ x]g{
pxfFsf 8]/fdf k'u] . gGbhLnfO{ b]Vgf;fy ;a} ob'j+zL
:jfutsf nflu pleOxfn] . >Ls[i0f / an/fdhLn]
ozf]bf dftf / gGbhLsf kfpdf k|0ffd ug'{eof] .
uf]lkgLx¿nfO{ klg cfh w]/} jif{kl5 gGbgGbgsf]
bz{g ePsf] lyof] . pgLx¿ t pxfFnfO{ b]Vgf;fy
tGdo eOxfn] . pgLx¿sf] o:tf] bzf b]v]/ uf]kLjNne
>Ls[i0fn] pgLx¿l;t eGg'eof]– uf]lkgLx¿ xf] Û
d cs[t1 x'F, o:tf] 7fg]/ ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ g/fd|f]
t 7fg]sf 5}gf} < ;fFrf] s'/f t of] xf] ls k/dfTdf
g} k|f0fLx¿sf ;+of]u / ljof]usf sf/0f x'g\ . h:t}
jfo'n] afbnx¿nfO{, v/kTs/x¿nfO{, ?jf / w'nfsf
s0fx¿nfO{ Pp6fnfO{ csf{l;t ldng u/fP/ k'gM
pgLx¿nfO{ cnu u/fOlbG5Ù To;}u/L k/dfTdf klg
;a}sf] ;+of]u ljof]u cfˆgf OR5f cg';f/ ub{5g\ .
h:t} hlt klg ef}lts kbfy{ 5g\, ltgsf cflb, cGTo,
dWo, aflx/ / leq pgsf d"n sf/0f k[lyjL, jfo', hn,
clUg / cfsfzd} cf]tk|f]t eO/x]5g\, To:t} hlt klg
kbfy{ 5g\, ltgsf leq / aflx/ s]jn d g} 5' . qmdzM
 o;leq

5 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs

sljtf

xf] of] pT;j, cf;'/L, k|s[lt jf cGofo 5f]8\g] lbg Û –uf]ljGb /]UdL

d}qL k|]d bof ckf/ s?0ff cfgGb eg]{ lbg ÛÛ

;fgfdfly bof / dfGo hgsf] cfzLif dfUg] lbg Û
cfof] of] ljhof b;}F 3/ lkm/L, cfdf d tf cfOg ÛÛ
b]jLn] l/k' b}Tosf u0fx¿ ;Dxf/ ug]{ lbg Û
/fhf /fd skLz nId0f ldnL n°f x/]sf] lbg ÛÛ
of]uL l;4 otLGb|n] k|s[ltsf] ;Ddf]x lhTg] lbg Û
cfof] of] ljhof b;}F 3/ lkm/L cfdf d tf cfOg ÛÛ
gf} b'uf{ el/ elQm efj a6'nL k"hf / cfhf x'Fbf Û
s:tf] k|]d lyof]] ;+uf]n 3/df of}6} x'Fbfsf] dhf ÛÛ
cfdf af ;a bfh'efO / a'9L–cfdf a'jf g} lsg <
;+em]F of] ljhof b;}F 3/ lkm/L cfdf d tf cfOg ÛÛ
Bf}/fnL l8ndf gofF lkªx¿ yfKb} x'gg\ ufpFdf Û
b}–6Lsf hd/f nufO lkªdf v]Ng] lyof]] rfxgf ÛÛ
jiff}{+ jif{ lat] ljb]z 5' cem} afsLF 5 ;fFjf C0f Û
cfof] of] ljhof b;}F 3/ lkm/L cfdf d tf cfOg ÛÛ
xfd|f] j}lbs ;Eotf ;Fu lyof] h] zflGt Tof] gfl;of] Û
k}n] em}F 5 / < 5}g cfh 3/df ;b\efjgf dfl;of] ÛÛ
em'§f cf;'/ tÎjsf] ljuljuL a8\b} 5 emg\ l5lG5g Û
of] h~hfn d a'‰5' t}klg d'df ;Dem]F–b;}F, cfOg ÛÛ
P]n]sf] ljhof b;}F clnstf vNnf] x'g] ef] t/ Û
sf]/f]gf ;Fu lhGbuL ldlnh'nL afrf}F, agL lg8/ ÛÛ
dfgf}F of] ljho b;}F l;ldt e} cfgGb dfgL sg Û
of] d]/f] z'esfdgf 5 ;adf,cfdf d tf cfOg ÛÛï
–:ofª\hf

uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 6

b}ljs
;DklQ
k|f0fL dfqk|lt cb|f]x
cfrfo{ v]d/fh ‘s]zjz/0f’
b}jL;DklQsf] pkfb]otf JolQmsf] :jefj / rl/qdf
lge{/ ub{5 . h;sf] hLjgdf cf:yf / ljZjf;sf]
pHofnf] 5}g, cl3 a9\g] cfsf+Iff 5}g, s]xL aGg'
5}g To:tfsf] lgldQ oL cd[tdo laGb'x¿ s]xL gx'g
;S5g\ . t/ h;df hLjgnfO{ hLjg agfpg] /x/ 5,
hf] lgdf{0fdf ljZjf; /fVb5, ;'wf/df cf:yfjfg\ 5,
dfly p7f}+ eGg] pbfQ cfsf+Iff /fVb5 p;sf lglDt oL
cd[tsf 3'8\sfx¿ ;fljt x'G5g\, ePsf 5g\ . To;}n]
t cfh eujb\uLtf ;+;f/sf c;+Vo hLjg;fwsx¿sf
lgldQ kybz{s u|Gy ag]sf] 5 . hxfF ;Dk|bfosf] k"jf{u|x
5}g, hflt, j0f{, lnË cflb afXo pkflwx¿sf] 5]sf]
5}g, hxfF hLj hut\nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] ;femf cfjfxg
5 . eujb\uLtf cfTdnfesf] lglDt, hLjgsf] k"0f{tf
lglDt cd/ u|Gy xf] .
‘st{Josf] kl/kfng g} k/d]Zj/sf] ;jf]{Qd k"hf
xf], ;b\u'0f ;DkGg sd{do hLjg g} k/dfTdfk|ltsf]
cf/fwgf xf]’ of] d"ndGqnfO{ 68\sf/f] ¿kdf atfpg]
;b\u|Gy xf] eujb\uLtf . klZrdsf d"w{Go ljåfg\
xS;n]sf] egfO 5– ;+;f/df lgld{t ePsf hLjgsf
zfZjtbz{g;DaGwL ;b\u|Gyx¿df ;a}eGbf qmda4 /
uDeL/ ;Gb]z lbg] u|Gy xf] eujb\uLtf . To;}n] o;sf]
d"No s]jn lxGbL hut\sf] lgldQ dfq xf]Og ;Dk"0f{
dfgjhfltsf] lglDt 5 .’ o;}u/L c¿ c;+Vo lrGts
Pjd\ hLjg;fwsx¿n] eujb\uLtfsf] ul/df ufPsf
5g\ . ToxL cd/ u|Gydf kfOG5g\ oL b}jL;DklQx¿ .
o; qmddf ca 5 ‘cb|f]xÚ .
‘cb|f]x’nfO{ ;sf/fTds ¿kdf JofVof ubf{
k|f0fLdfqk|ltsf] k|]d klg eGg ;lsG5 . b|f]xsf] cy{ x'G5
‘s;}k|lt clxtsf] efj /fVg'Ú . s;}sf] aGg nflu/x]sf]
l:yltdf c;lxi0f'tfjz laufl/lbg' . c¿k|ltsf] of]
b'ef{jnfO{ g} oxfF b|f]x dflgPsf] 5 . c;lxi0f'tf / b|f]x
Pp6} nfu]tf klg oL ;dfg xf]Ogg\ .
c;lxi0f'tfdf ljrf/dfq} s;}k|lt c;lxi0f' x'G5
t/ b|f]xdf t Tof] ljrf/ sfof{Gjog g} x'g yfNb5 .
To:tf] ljs[t ljrf/af6 aRg' cb|f]x xf] . dgn] s;}sf]
clxt ;f]Rg' dfgl;s lx+;fleq kb{5 To;}n] To;af6
aRg' cfjZos 5 . cWofTdhut\sf kf/bzL{ Clifx¿n]
cb|f]x gfds o; dxfg\ dof{bfsf] kfngsf] dxÎj
atfpFb} ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLk|lt cb|f]xsf] Jojxf/ ugf{n] cfˆgf]
ofjt\ k"j{hGdj[QfGtsf] 1fg ug{ ;Sg] s'/f atfPsf
5g\ . lg/Gt/ j]bfEof;, lg/Gt/ dg, jrg / sd{n]
kljqtfsf] kl/kfng / logsf ;fy k|f0fLdfqk|lt
cb|f]xsf] efj /fv]/ afFRg ;s]df cfˆgf] hLjgdf o;
hGdeGbf klxn] s] s] l:yltx¿ eP ;a :d[ltk6df
cl°t x'g ;Qm5g\ . :d[ltzf:qsf] pb\3f]if 5–
j]bfEof;]g ;tt+ zf}r]g tk;}j lx
cfb|f]x]0f r e"tfgf+ hflt :d/lt kf}lj{sLd\ .. -dg':d[lt_
c¿k|ltsf] b|f]x cf;'/L j[lQleq kb{5 / o;n]
dflg;nfO{ pQ/f]Q/ :y"n a'l4sf] agfpFb} nu]/ cGTodf
c1fg / df]xsf] eofjx cGwsf/df kfl/lbG5 . To;}n]
b|f]xaf6 ar]/ o; kljq dof{bfsf] kl/kfngaf6 1fgsf]
r]tgfsf] dfu{df clu a9\g b}jL;Dkltsf] o; qmddf
;fwsnfO{ cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 .
;jf{lws h8tfsf] l:yltdf b|f]x x'G5 eg] ;jf{lws
k|sfzdo l:yltdf Úk|]dÚ cyf{t\ cb|f]x x'G5 . To;}n]
cb|f]x cyjf k|]d b}jL;DklQ dflgPsf] 5 . ;Gtx¿
eGb5g\– ‘hLjg e/ k9] klg To;a]nf;Dd hfg]sf]
s]xL x'Fb}g, ha;Dd k|]dsf] k9fO ltd|f] k"/f x'Fb}g .
k|]dsf c9fO cIf/ gk9'Gh]n ltdLn] k9]sf] k"0f{ 5}g .
7 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
k|]dsf c9fO{ cIf/ k9 clg dfq ltdL kl08t, 1fgL o; ;Tosf] 1fg u/fP/ cfh ;dfhsf] k|To]s
x'G5f} .’ txdf cb|f]xsf], k|]dsf] of] cd[tdo /;fog k'¥ofpg'k/]sf]
dxfg\ bfz{lgs dw';"bg ;/:jtL eGg'x'G5– æ;a} 5 . efjgfTds ;d'Tyfgljgf xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ pTyfg
/;x¿ / ;a} efjx¿ hxfF ;d'b| t/Ëx¿ v]n]em} k|oTgx¿ cw'/f x'G5g\, c;kmn x'G5g\ . c¿k|ltsf]
rln/xG5g\, rln/xG5g\, pGdUg / lgdUg eO/xG5g\ b|f]xaf6 c¿sf] hlt clxt ;fWg ;lsG5 Tof]eGbf a9L
Tof] d"ne"t ljzfn efj;d'b| g} k|]d sxnfpF5 .– clxt cfˆg} x'G5 . lsgls b|f]xsf] dlng dfgl;stfn]
;j]{ /;fá efjfá t/•;f Oj jfl/wf} c1fgsf] cGwsf/ ylk+bf ylk+bf hLjg ljsf;sf]
pHofnf] kl/sNkgf g} x/fpg k'Ub5 .
pGdHhlGt lgdHhlGt oq ; k|]d ;+1sM ..
cgf;Qm ¿kn], lgbf]{if ¿kn], lge{o ag]/ :jsd{sf]
;a}k|lt k|]d /fVg], ;a}k|lt ;b\efj /fVg] o;
b[9 lgi7f;fy kfng ub}{ cGTodf d[To'sf] ;fd';d]t
hLjg;fwgfnfO{ g} oxfF Úcb|f]xÚ zAbn] hgfOPsf] 5 .
lge{otf;fy v8f x'g ;Sg] tyf nf}lss b[li6n] lge{o,
dflg;df ha b|f]xsf] k|j[lQ a9\g yfNb5, ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/,
g}lts, cfWoflTds ;a} b[li6n] k"0f{ lge{o hLjg
;dfh If'Awtflt/ ws]lng ljjz x'G5 . cb|f]x¿kL
k|fKt ug'{ b}jL ;DklQsf] nIo xf] . cb|f]xsf], k|]dsf]
cf;'/Lj[lQn] s;}nfO{ k/:k/ ljZj:t / zflGtk"0f{
efjgfn] To; lge{otfsf] k|flKtdf xfdLnfO{ ;kmntf
ag]/ a:g lbFb}g . o;sf] ljk/Lt cb|f]xsf], k|]dsf]
k|bfg ub{5 . hf] s;}k|lt b|f]xsf] efj /fVg ;Qm}g,
;Tk|j[lQ a9]sf] l:yltdf dflg; k/:k/ ljZjf;L aGb5,
To;nfO{ klg b|f]x xf]Og ;b\efjs} k|flKt x'G5 . b|f]xn]
zflGt;fy lhpg ;Qm5 / kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhdf
eolt/ n}hfG5, cb|f]xn] lge{otflt/ . lge{o ;dfhsf]
;'Joj:yfsf] hLjg b]Vg kfOG5 .
l;h{gf ug{' g} ;To wd{sf] k/d nIo xf] . dfgjdfqsf]
b|f]xn] c;'/tflt/ n}hfG5 eg] k|]dn] lbJotflt/, cGt/fTdfsf] zfZjt cfsf+Iff xf] . o;sf] kl/k"lt{ To;}
zflGtlt/, k|]dlt/ 8f]¥ofpF5 . cb|f]xsf] o; b}jLu'0fn] lbg ;Dej x'g]5 ha dflg;df cb|f]xsf] kljq dof{bfn]
xfdLnfO{ l;sfpF5– xfdL o:tf] /x/ lnP/ afrf}+, o:tf] k|lti7f kfpg] 5 .ï
;fwgfnfO{ hLjgdf ljsl;t u/f}+ ls snx / j}/efjsf]
89]nf] ;lNs/x]sf] 7fpFdf xfdL k|]dsf], cb|f]xsf]
zLtntf k'¥ofpg ;sf}+ . b|f]xsf] efjgfn] 6'sf6'qmf
kf/]sf] hLjgnfO{ xfdL cb|f]xsf], k|]dsf] /;fog
nufP/ hf]l8lbg ;sf}+ . czflGtdf zflGt, 3[0ffdf k|]d,
j}/efjgfdf ldqtf / ;b\efj k'¥ofP/ afFRg ;s]df xfdL
jf:tjdf k|e'sf] sfo{ ul//x]sf x'g]5f}+, hLjgsf] ;fFrf]
;b'kof]u ul//x]sf x'g]5f} .
s;}sf] klg hLjgdf cfˆg} efUosf] kmn dfq g]kfnLx¿sf] dxfg kj{ ljhof bzdL tyf
ldNb5, c¿sf] efUosf] Ps bfgf klg s;}n] vf]:g z'e lbkfjnLsf] kfjg cj;/df b]z ljb]zdf
;Qm}g . g t s;}sf] efUosf] Ps bfgf s;}n] nlub]nf /xg'x'g] ;d:t bfh'efO lbbLalxgLx¿df
eGg] kL/ g} /xG5 . of] ;[li6ljwfgsf] d"n ;To xf] . xflb{s z'esfdgf ck{0f ub{5f}F .
;a}n] cf–cfˆg} cfh{gsf] dfq pkef]u ug{ kfpF5g\ . >L;f]d ;/nf j]b ljBf>d,
To;}n] s;}k|lt c;lxi0f' ag]/ p;sf] clxt ug]{ OR5f k"j{ 5fq ;d"x
ug{' Joy{ 5 . Joy{ dfq xf]Og jf:tjdf cfˆg} lglDt uf}/L3f6, sf7df8f}+
xflgsf/s 5 .

uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 8

u
;d
;fdlos
zlQm pkf;gf
;xk|f= 8f= lag'afaf cof{n
zlQmaf6 /lxt eujfg\ slxNo} klg zlQmdfg
x'g ;Sb}gg\ . zlQmdfg eujfg\af6 /lxt zlQm klg
x'g ;Sb}g . o;}n] oL b'j}nfO{ Ps csf{af6 :jtGq
dflgb}g / leGbfleGb} klg dflgb}g . ha k'?ifjfRo
zAbaf6 k/fTk/a|Xdsf] k|ltkfbg ub{5 ta p;nfO{
lji0f', lzj, a|Xdf, /fd, s[i0f cflb ¿kdf dflgG5 . ;f]
s'/f lji0f'k'/f0fdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg] ha :qLjfrs
zAbaf6 To; k/fTk/ a|Xdsf] k|ltkfbg dfGb5g\ ta
p;nfO{ b]jL, eujtL, zlQm cflbsf] ¿kdf hflgG5 .
h;sf] j0f{g b]ljefujtdf kfOG5 . o; b[li6af6 x]bf{
a|Xdf, lji0f', lzj tyf zlQm oL ;a} k/fTk/ a|Xdsf]
gfd e]b dfq xf] tÎjtM leGg xf]Og . o;}n] eujfg\
lji0f', lzj, a|Xdf, /fd cflb h;sf] pkf;gf ubf{
nf}lss cnf}lss nfe x'G5 ToxL nfe eujtL zlQmsf]
pkf;gfaf6 x'G5 .
lzjM zSTof o'Qmf] olb eult zQmM k|eljt'd\ .
cyf{t\, zlQm ljgf O{Zj/ s]xL klg ug{ ;St}gg\ .
zlQm ljgfsf] O{Zj/sf] pkf;gf Joy{ x'G5 .
o; k|;Ëdf bIf o1sf] kl/0ffdnfO{ pbfx/0fsf]
¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . eujfg\ z°/sf] lt/:sf/af6
eujtL bfIffo0fL olt qmf]lwt eOg\ ls pgn] cfˆgf]
k|f0fnfO{ bIf o1df cfx'lt ubf{ ?b| u0fx¿ jL/eb|
cflbn] bIf o1nfO{ ljWj+; u/] . o;sf] cGtlg{lxt cy{
xf], O{Zj/sf] zlQmgfzaf6 xfd|f] sfd lau|g] dfq xf]Og
gi6 e|i6 klg x'g k'U5 . xfd|f] zf:qx¿sf] l;åfGt
cg';f/ k/dfTdfsf] 1fg eujtLsf] cg'u|x cg'sDkfaf6
dfq} x'G5 . c¿ s'g} tl/sfaf6 x'Fb}g .
o;y{ eujtL k/d]Zj/L hubDaf g} xfdLnfO{
k/dfTdfsf] 1fg lbg ;lS5g\ / of] nf}lss Jojxf/sf]
b[li6af6 klg :jefljs / plrt 5 . h:tf], aRrf
s]jn cfˆgf] cfdfnfO{ dfq lrGb5 . afa'nfO{ lrgfpg]
sfd t cfdfn] g} ub{l5g\ .
dft[b]jf] ej, lkt[b]jf] ej, cfrfo{ b]jf] ej .
dft[dfg\ lkt[ dfgfrfo{jfg\ k'?if] j]b===
OToflb dGqx¿df cfdfnfO{ g} klxnf] :yfgdf /flvPsf]
5 . cfdf g} cflb u'? x'g\ / pgs} bof tyf cg'u|xaf6
aRrfsf] nf}lss, kf/nf}lss Pjd\ kf/dfly{s sNof0f
lge{/ ub{5 .
b'uf{sf] pkf;gfdf zlQmsf] k|wfgtf x'G5 .
b]jtfsf] zlQmaf6 pgsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . pgL zlQmsL
k|ltdf x'g\ . zlQm pkfh{gsf] nflu b'uf{sf] pkf;gf
ul/G5 . pgsf] k"hf, pkf;gfaf6 cfkm"leq zlQmsf]
;~rf/ x'G5 . o; ;DjGwdf cfBzlQm eujtL b'uf{
:jo+ eGg'x'G5–
z/Tsfn] dxfk"hf lqmot] ofr jflif{sL .
t:of dd}tGdfxTDo >'Tjf elQm ;dflGjtM ..
;j{jfwf ljlgd'{Qmf] wg wfGo;'tflGjtM
dg'iof] eTk|;fb]g eljiolt g;+zoM .
z/b Ct' -jf;lGts gj/fq– r}qz'Sn
k|ltkbfaf6 gjdL;Dd / zf/bLo gj/fq– cflZjg
z'Sn k|ltkbfaf6 gjdL;Dd_df h;n] d]/f] dxfk"hf
cyf{t\ gj/fqsf] k"hf ub{5, >4f elQmsf ;fy d]/f]
b]jL dxfTDo -;KtztL_sf] kf7 of >j0f ub{5, d]/f]
s[kf k|;fbaf6 p;sf ;a} k|sf/sf] jfwfx¿ gi6 x'G5g\
/ pm wgwfGo, kz'–k'qflbx¿h:tf ;DklQaf6 ;DkGg
x'G5 .
b]jL dxfTDonfO{ ;KtztLsf] ¿kdf hflgG5 h;df
;'d]wf Clifn] /fhf ;'/y / ;dflw j}ZonfO{ &)) Znf]s
tyf dGqx¿sf] dfWodaf6 To; u|Gydf dxfsfnL,
9 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
dxfnIdL / dxf;/:jtLsf rl/q af/] j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ . rl/qsL b]jL dxf;/:jtL x'g\ . b'uf{sf] ck"j{ dlxdfsf]
gj/fqdf b'uf{sf] k"hf, pkf;gf ul/G5 . b'uf{sf] j0f{g dfs{08]o k'/f0f cGt/ut &# b]lv *% cWofo;Dd
k"hf ubf{ lsg gf} lbgnfO{ lnOPsf] eGg] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf] 5 . o;df &)) Znf]sx¿ 5g\ . o;}n] o;sf]
w]/} ts{x¿ 5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] Ps ts{ 5, zlQmsf] gfd b'uf{;KtztL /x]sf] 5 . dfs{08]o k'/f0fsf] Ps
ljz]if pkf;gfsf] lglDt gf} ljBf /flvPsf] 5 . To;}n] dxÎjk"0f{ / k|l;4 c+z o; b'uf{;KtztLsf] gj/flqsf]
o;}nfO{ cfwf/ agfOPsf] xf] . To:t}, csf]{ ljifo 5, cj;/df kf7 u/]/ cfˆgf] sNof0fsf] nflu k|fy{gf
gjf0f{dGq . of] dGq zlQm pkf;gfsf] nflu ljz]if 5 ul/G5 . o; b'uf{;KtztLsf] cflwef}lts, cflwb}ljs /
o;sf] :j¿k xf]– P]+ x|L+ SnL+ rfd'08fo} ljRr] . cfWoflTds cy{ a8f] dxÎjk"0f{ 5 .
‘P]+’ of] ;/:jtLsf] aLh xf] . o;df b'O{ c+z x'G5– ‘P]’ cflbef}lts cy{
/ ‘laGb'’ . o;df P] sf] cy{ ;/:jtL / ljGb'sf] cy{ ;+;f/df b}jL zlQmx¿sf] ;fy cf;'/L zlQmx¿sf]
b'Mv gfzs cyf{t\ k|fb'ef{j tyf ;+3if{ ;w}+ rln/xG5 . c;'/ of b'i6 :jefjsf]
;/:jtL xfd|f] b'Mv JolQm w]/} pu| / w"t{
gfz ub{l5g\ . ‘SnL+’ x'G5g\ / o;} sf/0f
sf] cy{ s[i0f aLh, cf/Dedf b]j zlQmnfO{
sfnL aLh Pjd\ bjfpF5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{
sfd aLh . of] s, kL8f lbG5g\ . t/ ha
n, O{ / ljGb' rf/ b]jtfx¿ Ps x'G5g\
c+z xf] . h;sf] cy{ ta c;'/x¿sf] zlQm
xf]– s[i0f of sfd, gi6 x'G5 . lsgls
;j{>]i7, t'li7, c;'/x¿sf] ;+u7gdf
;'vdoL . P]+, x|L+ SnL+ cx+sf/, :jfy{, k/kL8g
tLg aLh ldnfpFbf h:tf] rl/q x'G5 eg]
cy{ lg:sG5 . b]jtfx¿sf] ;+u7gdf
dxfsfnL, dxfnIdL, Tofu, tk:of, k/f]ksf/,
dxf;/:jtL gfds ljZjsNof0f h:tf
tLg d"lt{x¿ ePsL– pRr efjgfx¿ lglxt
rfd'08fo} rf eg]sf] x'G5g\ . To;}n] ;+3if{df
lrt\, d' eg]sf] d"t{ h:tf];'s} dfofn]
;b\¿k 08f -Gbf_ 5nanaf6 sfd
eg]sf] cfgGb¿k . lnP klg cGTodf
rfd'08fo} eg]sf] ;t\ pgLx¿nfO{ k/f:t x'g'
lrt\ cfgGb¿kdf rfd'08fb]jL . ‘ljRr]’ ‘lj’ eg]sf] kb{5 / x'G5g\ klg . ;Ton] c;TonfO{ ;w}+ x/fpF5 .
hfGg', ‘Rr]’ eg]sf] lrGtg ug'{ . o;sf] qmd abn]/ cflbb}ljs cy{
eGg] xf] eg] klxn] hfGg], Wofg ug]{, lrGtg ug]{ clg cflbb}ljs b[li6af6 b]jL;KtztLsf] syfsf]
pkf;gf ug]{ h;af6 dg zfGt eP/ zlQm k|fKt x'G5 . cfzo ;[li6sf] cf/lDes kl/jt{gaf6} x'G5 . xfdLnfO{
zKtztL >L r08Lb]jL dxfTDosf] k|yd rl/qsL yfxf 5 r/fr/ ;[li6sf] d"n cfwf/ ;"o{ xf] . ;"o{sf]
b]jL dxfsfnL, dWod rl/qsL dxfnIdL / pQ/ k|sfz j[l4 x'g'eGbf cufl8 cGwsfn] 5fPsf] / c;'/n]
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 10
9fs]sf] lyof] . kl5 k|sfzsf] zlQm a9\b} hfFbf c;'/sf]
of cGwsf/sf] zlQm 36\b} uof] . of] ;[li6 ljsf; of
;[li6 /rgfsf] kl/jt{g s/f]8f}+ jif{kl5 ePsf] xf] .
b]jf;'/ ;+u|fd x'Fb} cfPsf] / cGTodf b]jn] g} lhTg]
w|'j;To xf] .
cfWoflTds cy{
cfWoflTds b[li6af6 o; k|tLsfTds syfsf] cy{
dg'iosf] leq x'g] ;b\ / c;b\ j[lQx¿sf] ;+3if{ /
dfgl;s xnrn xf] . dg'iodf /x]sf] lgs[i6 ljrf/n]
tfd;L cx+efj k}bf ub{5 . h;af6 dg'iosf] cfGtl/s
;b\ljrf/ IfL0f x'ghfG5 . pm ;dfhsf] of ;+;f/sf]
nflu g} cljj]sL tyf Wj+;sf/L zq'sf] ¿k wf/0f
ub{5 . o:tf] tfd;L / :jfy{Gwtfsf] ljrf/sf] gfd
g} dlxiff;'/ xf] . o; dlxiff;'/nfO{ k/f:t ug{ b}jL
zlQmx¿sf] phfu/ ug'{ kb{5 . ta zlQm¿kdf b]jL Ps
Ps u/]/ dg'iodf /x]sf] b'lj{rf/sf] ;]gfx¿nfO{ ;+xf/
ub{l5g\ .
zKtztLsf] jf}l4s JofVof
dw' / s}6j /fu / å]ifsf k|tLs x'g\ hf] ;'Kt
cj:yfdf /xg'ePsf eujfg\ lji0f'sf] sfg]u'hLaf6
pTkGg x'G5g\ . dw' / s}6j a|XdfnfO{ dfg{ bf}l8G5g\ .
a|Xdf dgsf] Bf]ts xf] . /fu / å]if dgnfO{ b'lift ug]{
k|oTg ub{{5g\ . a|Xdf eujtLsf] z/0fdf hfG5g\ . lji0f'
lgb|faf6 Ao'em]/ w]/} jif{;Ddsf] o'4af6 To; c;'/nfO{
x/fpF5g\ .
a'l4 b]jLsf] ¿k xf] . dgn] a'l4sf] ;xf/f lnof]
eg] hLjsf] df]x lgb|f e+u x'G5 . a'l4af6 ljj]s hfu|t
x'G5 . ljj]ssf] cufl8 /fuå]if¿kL cf;'/L zlQm l6Sg
;Sb}g . x/]s hLjx¿df dw' / s}6jsf] cfqmd0f
eO/xG5 . o; syfsf cg';f/, xfdLn] cf;'/L zlQmsf]
;fdgf ug{sf] nflu a'l4sf] ;xf/f lng'kb{5 xf]Og eg]
xfdL klg c;'/ g} x'G5f}+ . ctM dw' / s}6jsf] gfz
ug{sf] nflu b'uf{sf] cfljef{j cjZoDefjL x'G5 .
;KtztLsf] kfFrf} cWofob]lv bzf}+ cWofo;Dd
z'De / lgz'De;Fu b]jLsf] ;+3if{ / kl/0ffd :j¿k oL
c;'/x¿sf] xTofsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] klg
k|tLsf/fTds cy{ af]s]sf] 5 . z'De cx+sf/ / lgz'De
cledfgsf] Bf]ts xf] . ;f+;fl/s j}ej / ;Ddfgaf6
cx+sf/sf] pTklQ x'G5 . ha cx+sf/ a9\b5 ta a'l4
cGwsf/n] 5f]lkG5 . p;n] jf:tljstfnfO{ e'Nb5 .
zf/Ll/s zlQmnfO{ p;n] ;j{:j dfGb5 . lg/Gt/ gfz
x'g' g} p;sf] :jefj aGb5 . h'g tfdl;s a'l4df
cfl>t cx+sf/sf] kf]if0f x'G5 . To;}af6 ddTjledfgsf]
ljsf; x'G5 .
cfTdk/fo0f a'l4sf] k|tLs b]jL x'g\ . pgsf] If]qdf
z'De lgz'De¿kL cx+sf/ / cledfgsf] j[l4 x'g;St}g .
pgLx¿n] cledfg¿kL cfˆgf] ;]gf k7fP klg b]jLn]
tL ;a}nfO{ k/f:t ul/g\ . ta tL c;'/x¿n] b]jLnfO{
k/f:t u/]/ Nofpg w'd|nf]rgnfO{ k7fP . w'd|nf]rg
nf]esf] k|tLs lyof] .
nf]en] x/]s k|sf/sf] cg}lts sd{ u/fpg
vf]Hb5 . ctM o;n]] b]jLsf] ;flTjs a'l4dfly 3ft
k|lt3ftsf] sfd ub{5 . nf]en] h'g dg'iosf] hLjgdf
cflwkTo hdfpF5 p;sf] hLjgsf] ;'v / zlGt gi6
x'G5 . t/ hf];Fu ljj]s x'G5 p;nfO{ w'd|nf]rgn] s]xL
afwf÷gf]S;fg kfg{ ;St}g . pm :jo+n] cfTdsNof0fsf]
sfo{ ug{ ;S5 . p;n] cfˆgf] a'l4 tÎjnfO{ kljq
/fv]/ o;nfO{ gi6 ug{ ;St5 .
b]jLn] k/f:t u/]sf csf{ c;'/ r08d'08 x'g\ .
r08 sfdsf] k|tLs xf] eg] d'08 qmf]wsf] k|tLs . sfd
/ qmf]w dg'iosf] ljsf;sf] jfwf xf] . o;n] zlQmnfO{
x|f; ub{5 . sfd, qmf]wsf] jzdf k/]/ dg'ion] c;'/sf]
h:tf] cljj]sL, b'i6, cg'lrt sd{ ub{5 . To;nfO{
dfgl;s zq' dflgG5 . To;nfO{ k/fho ug{ ;lsPg
eg] dg'iosf] cfTd ljsf;÷cfTd sNof0f x'g ;St}g .
To;}n] o:tf tTjx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf /fVg' kb{5 .
ha b]jL logLx¿;Fu o'4 ub{l5g\ ta cfˆgf] wfl/nf]
t/jf/n] oL c;'/¿kL tÎjnfO{ sf6]/ gi6 ul/lblG5g\ .
r08–d'08kl5 b]jLsf] o'4 /QmaLh;Fu x'G5 .
of];Fu o'4 ubf{ b]jL a8f] xf]l;of/ x'g' kb{5 . lsgls
/QmaLhsf] /utsf] hlt yf]kf e"OFdf v:5, ToxL If0f
plQ g} /fIf;x¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ . To;}n] of] zlQmnfO{
b'h]{o -lhTg ufx|f]_ elgPsf] 5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu
b]jLn] sfnLsf] ;xfotf lnlG5g\ . b]jLn] z:q k|xf/
11 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
ubf{ lg:s]sf] /utnfO{{ sfnLn] plQv]/} lkpg' kg]{
cfb]z lblG5g\ tfls /utsf] yf]kf e"OFdf gv;f];\ .
/QmaLhsf] clek|fo ljifo nf]n'ktf xf] . ljifonfO{
hlt ef]luG5 plt g} To;sf] nf]e, df]x, lnK;f
al9/xG5 . Ps yf]kf e"OFdf v:gf;fy c;'/x¿sf]
pTklQ x'g'sf] tfTko{ ljifosf] jf;gf slxNo} gi6
gx'g' xf] . of] an]sf] clUgsf] /fk h:tf] al9/xG5 .
eujfg\n] OlGb|ox¿ pkef]u ug{sf] nflu agfPsf] xf] .
OlGb|ox¿sf] pkef]u aGb ug'{x'Fb}g / ug'{ klg kb}{g .
u/]df hLjg ;+s6do aGb5 . cfTdsNof0fsf] ;a}
of]hgf gi6 x'G5 . dg'iosf] hLjg g} ePg eg] ;a}
s'/f l;l4G5 . To;}n] dg'io hLljt x'g'kb{5 . o;sf]
nflu o:tf] pkfo v]fHg' kb{5 ls ef]u klg /xf];\ t/
To;sf] OR5f j[l4 gxf];\ . cyf{t\, Tofusf] efjgfaf6
ef]u u/f];\ .
ef]uk|lt cf;St x'Fbf a'l4 gi6 x'G5 . Tofuo'Qm
ef]usf] nflu sfnLtÎjsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 . sfnL
ljifodf g/fd|L, clk|o tÎjsf] k|tLs xf] . p ljifofzlQm
lkO/xG5] . o; of]hgfaf6 lgTo Jojxf/ ef]uLsf] ¿kdf
/x]sf] /QmaLh dfg{ klg ;Dej 5 . /QmaLh 5Fb} lgz'De
b]jLsf] ;fd'Gg] cfpF5 . lgz'De ddTjsf] k|tLs xf] .
wg, ;DklQ, OR5fx¿ cfˆgf]kg oL ;a} ddTj leq
kb{5g\ . ddTjaf6 cf;lQm, cf;lQmaf6 kfk pTkGg
x'G5 . cf;lQm g} kfksf] h8 xf] . kfkn] ktgsf] af6f]
agfpF5 . To;}n] ktgsf] af6f]af6 aRg ddTjaf6 aRg'
kb{5 . o;af6 6f9f /xg' g} lgz'Dedfly ljhoL x'g'
xf] . lgz'Desf] d[To' ePkl5 cGTodf z'De -cx+sf/_
:jo+ o'4 :yndf cfpF5 . / ljljw ¿kaf6 pkl:yt
eP/ b]jL;Fu o'4 ub{5 . t/ cfTdk/fo0f a'l4sf]
cufl8 cx+sf/ l6Sg ;St}g .
z'De z/L/sf] efjgfdfly plePsf] x'G5 . Tof] g}
p;sf] jfxg xf] . b'u'{0f / b'lj{rf/ p;sf] c:q z:q
xf] . b]jLsf] cfTdk/fo0f a'l4 jfxg l;+x xf] . pm
kz'sf] /fhf xf] . p;sf] c:qz:q ;b\u'0f, ;b\ljrf/
xf] . of] b]jf;'/ ;+u|fd x/]s o'udf x/]s sfndf, x/]s
dfgjsf] dgdf eO/xG5 . c;'/ zlQmzfnL zq' xf]
t/ cGTodf b]jTjsf] g} ljho x'G5 . o;sf nflu
a'l4 cfTdk/fo0fnfO{ phfu/ ug'{ kb{5 . oxL b]jL
zKtztLsf] syfsf] ;f/f+z xf] .ï –aQL;k'tnL, sf7df8f}+
-xfn cd]l/sf_

;8sdf j]jfl/;] 5fl8Psf ufO{afR5f, ;fF9]x¿sf]

;+/If0fdf xft]dfnf] u/f}+ .
k[YjL ;a}sf] ;femf 3/ xf] . oxfF ;a} k|f0fLx¿n] afFRg kfpg]
clwsf/sf] ;'lrl:rttf u/f}+ .
g]kfnLx¿sf] dxfg kj{ a8f bz}+ tyf z'e lbkfjnLsf]
kfjg cj;/df b]z ljb]zdf /xg'x'g] ;d:t bfh'efO
lbbLalxgLx¿df xflb{s z'esfdgf ck{0f ub{5f}+ .

gGbL ;]jf :yn

d7 dlGb/ ufO{ afR5f arfpm tyf ;dfh ljsf; cleofg
km"n k;n nfOg, jgsfnL,
;Dks{M (*)*@(&$*%, (*$!@)$))^

uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 12

u
ljZn]if0f
–3gZofd sf]O/fnf
b;}F cfof], vfpFnf lkpFnf=====Û afndl:tisdf :yflkt
of] :d[lt x/]s jif{sf] z/b Ct'df k'gM k|s6 x'G5 . aflx/L
kl/l:ylt / cfˆg} cj:yfdf cfPsf cg]sf}F kl/jt{gn]
klg b;}F cfof]===sf] :d[ltnfO{ w'ldn kfg{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
Ho]i7–>]i7hgsf] z'efzLif k|fKt ug]{, kfl/jfl/s e]63f6sf]
cfgGb lng] cj;/sf] ¿kdf t 5Fb}5, …gjb'uf{Ú eP/
xf]nf, ;fdflhs ;+:s[ltsf …gjÚ–gofF gofF b[li6sf]0fsf
…b'u{Ú–lsNnfx¿ klg k|s6 x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
b;}F pxL xf], t/ o;sf cfofdx¿sf] lj:tf/ olt
w]/} 5 ls x/]s k6s o;df gofF efj, gofF b[li6 ljsf;
eO/x]sf] x'G5 . o;} sf/0f oL kj{x¿ ;+:s[lt ag]sf
x'g\ eGg] af]w x'G5 . cfwf/ pxL eP/ klg gjLgtf /
ultzLntfdf ljsl;t x'g' g} t ;+:s[lt xf] lg Û gq t
k|frLg sfnsL b'uf{b]jLn] Tolt g} a]nfsf dlxiff;'/, z'De–
lgz'De jw u/]kl5, k'ikj[li6d'rf] lbljÚ kl5, ljhofsf]
ho hosf/ u/]/ To; v';Lsf] ToxLF lj;h{g x'GYof],
;lsGYof] . t/ xf]Og, xfd|f] b;}F ax'cfoflds ;f+:s[lts
pT;j xf] . dflg;sf] hLjgel/sf nflu k'Ug] cfofdx¿
of] b;}Fdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . …b;}FÚ t ;fgf] ;"qfTds cleJolQm
dfq xf] .
clxn] xfd|f k|frLg k|jGwx¿sf ljifodf kl9Fb}g .
k9\g]x¿n] klg To:tf u|Gydf /x]sf km/s cy{df elgPsf
;"q÷Znf]s 6kSs l6k]/ gsf/fTds ;Gbe{df k|:t't ug]{
k|rng a9]sf] 5 . s'g} klg ljifosf] k"/f ;Gbe{ ga'‰bf
To;sf] cgy{ nfUg' :jfefljs} xf] . s'g} lrlsT;sn]
aRrfsf] nflu cf}iflw lbFbf …v'jfpg] a]nfdf xNnfpg"Ú
eg]sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] a'‰g g;Sbf aRrfnfO{
xNnfPh:t} ePsf] 5 xfd|f k|frLg ;Gbe{ / xfd|f] Jojxf/ .
xfd|f] olta]nfsf] ;dfhnfO{ dlxnfd}qL dflgPsf] 5}g .
/, o;sf] bf]if k|frLg k|jGwx¿dfly vGofOg] u/]sf] 5 .
of] b;}F o:tf] ;f+:s[lts kj{ xf], h;n] dlxnf pTsif{sf]
b[i6fGt k|:t't ub{5 .
b'uf{;KtztL -b'uf{sjr_sf] kª\lQm …o+ o+ lrGtot]
sfd+ t+ t+ k|fKgf]lt lglZrtd\Ú -h] h] lrGtg / sfdgf ul/G5,
ToxL g} k|fKt x'G5_ eGg] ljifonfO{ w]/}kl5sf j}1flgs
cNj6{ cfOG:6Lgn] Imagination is powerful than
knowledge -1fgeGbf kl/sNkgf zlQmzfnL x'G5 ._
o;/L u|x0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lrGtg, dgg, kl/sNkgf
oL 1fgsf dfWod x'g\ . ;+;f/sf ef}lts j:t'÷kbfy{
lgdf{0f / l;h{gfsf cfwf/ x'g\ . >d / ;Lk dflg;sf]
;kmntfsf dfWod x'g\ . k|j[lQn] dflg;nfO{ sd{kydf
8f]¥ofpF5 . cf}hf/ / ;fwgn] k|flKtnfO{ ;xh kfb{5 .
o;/L 1fgsf] ;b'kof]uaf6 g} cfF6], tfs], lrtfPsf] k'Ug]
xf] . b'uf{;KtztLsf] …b'uf{sjrÚdf kf7 ul/g] of] kª\lt
dfgj hLjgsf] ;a} kIf ;dflxt 5 .
kf7sf qmddf kf7 k|f/De ug'{k"j{ ul/g] lbzf-lbª\_
Gof;, cª\u'i7flb s/-xft_Gof;, x[boflb -cª\u_Gof;
cflb z/L/ lj1fg dxÎjk"0f{ 5g\ . o; qmdsf] sjr,
cu{nf, sLns kf7 ul/G5 . sjr -sfFw;lxt 5ftL
9fs]/ ;'/lIft ug]{ 9fn_, cu{nf -3/leq a:bf ;'/lIft
x'g 9f]sfdf nufpg] cfUnf]_, sLns -;'/Iffsf] nflu,
lgdf{0fnfO{ alnof] kfg]{ sLnf_ xf] . o;/L ;'/Iffsf oL
ljifo klg …/Iff lj1fgÚsf b[li6n] dxÎjk"0f{ 5 . b'uf{,
b'u{df a:g] b]jL x'g\ / ;'/Iff ;'lglZrttfsf oL ljifo
dggLo 5g\ .
b;}F kj{ ljz]iftM ;f+:s[lts kj{ xf] . s;}s;}n]
13 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
o;nfO{ wfld{s kj{ klg eg]sf] kfOG5 . ;f+:s[lts eg]/
36\g] / wfld{s eg]/ o; kj{sf] dxÎj a9\g] xf]Og . xfd|f]
;gftg ;+:s[ltsf] lxGb' 5fgfd'lg j}i0fj, z}j, zfQm,
uf0fkTo, ;f}/ dt÷kGy 5g\ . b]jL zlQmsf] clwi7ft[
x'g\ . b]jLnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ 7fg]/ ul/g] k"hf, pkf;gf k4lt
cjnDag ug]{x¿sf nflu of] kj{ wfld{s g} xf] .
s'g} klg k/Dk/fsf] hu bz{g x'G5 . bz{gdf ;[li6,
l:ylt / nosf] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fOg] cGtj{:t' x'G5 .
o;df kl/jt{gsf] ultnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ / hLjgnfO{
;fdflosL ug]{ r]t klg ;lGglxt x'G5 . o;nfO{ ;+If]kdf
eGg'kbf{ s'g} klg bz{gdf hLjg / hut\sf af/]df hfGg],
a'‰g] / ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ af]w / ;fdYo{ x'G5 . b;}Fdf ;fx|}
dxÎjsf ;fy kf7–kf/fo0f ul/g] b'uf{;KtztL-r08L_ df
;[li6, l:ylt, no-;+xf/_sf tLg} kIf /x]sf] 5 .
bz{g / bfz{lgs dfGotfsf] ax'ntf /x]sf] ;dfhdf
s'g} Pp6f bz{gsf] bfz{lgstfk|lt ;a}sf] ;dfg a'emfO
/ :jLsfo{tf g/x]sf] x'g ;Sb5, t/ bz{gsf] cl:tTj
c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsFb}g, x'Fb}g . b'uf{;KtztL-r08L_df
;[li6sf] ljifodf ;'Gb/ syf 5 .
cf:tLo{ z]ifdehTsNkfGt] eujfg\ k|e'M . tbf
åfj;'/f} 3f]/f} ljVoftf} dw's}6ef} . lji0f's0f{dnf]b\e"tf} xGt'
a|éf0fd'Btf} . sNksf] cGTo-k|nosf] ;do_df ljzfn
;d'b|df z]ifgfunfO{ cf]5\ofg agfP/ eujfg\ lji0f'
lgbfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf lji0f'sf] sfgaf6 sfg]u'hL -sfgsf]
d}n_ lg:Sof] . To; d}nf]af6 dw' / s}6e gfd u/]sf b'O{
eo+s/ /fIf; pTkGg eP . lji0f'sf] gfeLsdndf a;]sf
a|XdfnfO{ dfg{ pBt eP -b'uf{;KtztL -r08L_ cWofo–!_ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf a|Xdfn] cfˆgf] ;'/Iff kfpg lji0f'nfO{
hufpg kg]{ eof] . o; sfdsf] nflu a|XdfhLn] b]jL
dxfdfofsf] :t'lt u/]sf] k|;+u 5 .
dw' / s}6e, sfg]u'hLsf] ;Gbe{ klg ;fx|} dxÎjk"0f{
5 . ;+;f/sf] ;[li6nfO{ ;dfhsf] cj:yf;Fu bfFh]/ x]bf{
a'‰g ;lhnf] xf]nf . …dw'Ú eg]sf] dL7f] -:jflbi6_ / …s}6eÚ
eg]sf] sL6-sL/f_ h:tf] xf] . eujfg\s} z/L/af6 pTkGg
eP tfklg Pp6fsf] sfgaf6 dL7f] nfUg] u/L csf{sf]
sfgdf ;b}{ hfg] sL/f k|j[lQ lxts/ / bL3{hLjL x'Fb}g .
o:tf] k|j[lQ ;+;f/–;dfhdf hLljt /x] klg >]ois/ x'Fb}g
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 14
eGg] cf;o xf] . o:tf] k|j[lQnfO{ k/f:t ug{ dft[zlQmsf]
e"ldsf dxÎjk"0f{ /x]sf]tkm{ ;+s]t b]lvG5 .
o;/L ;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf g} b]jLsf] dxÎj /x]sf] ljifo
o;df lglxt 5 . oxLF 7"nf /fIf;x¿sf lj?4 n8]/
pgLx¿nfO{ lhTg g;s]kl5 ;a}n] cfk"m;Fu ePsf z:q–
c:q / o'4df cfjZos kg]{ cGo kl/wfgx¿ b]jLnfO{
lbPsf] k|;+u 5 . b]jLnfO{ ;[li6, l:ylt, no, ef]s, lgb|f,
zflGt, 1fg, a'l4 cflb ;a}sf] clwi7ft[ dfg]/ :t'lt
ul/Psf] 5 . b]jL dftf x'g\, dftf gf/L x'g\ . gf/LzlQmsf]
dlxdf ufg ul/Psf] b'uf{;KtztL kf7 u/]/ gf} lbg;Dd
j|t–pkf;gf ug]{ kj{ b;}F gf/Lk|lt pRr ;Ddfgsf] b[i6fGt
xf] . zflGtsd{l0f ;j{q tyf b'M:jbz{g] . u|xkL8f;' rf]u|f;'
dxTDo+ z[0f'ofGdd . -;a}lt/sf] zflGt sfo{sf nflu,
g/fd|f] ;kgf b]Vbf, u|xx¿sf sf/0f cToGt kL8fsf]
cj:yf cfpFbf d]/f] dxfTDo ;'Gg" ._ o;/L h:tf] ;'s}
c;xhtfsf] l:yltaf6 kf/ nufpg ;Sg] zlQmsf ¿kdf
b]jL÷dft[zlQmnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . oL ljifo la;{g
glbg klg b;}Fsf] 7"nf] dxÎj 5 .
b]jLnfO{ b'uf{ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . b;}Fsf]
;Gbe{df gjb'uf{ elgPsf] 5, gf} k|sf/sL, gf} gfdsf
b]jLx¿sf] k"hf–cr{gf ul/G5 . oL gf} b]jLx¿n] dflg;sf]
hLjgdf gf} /;x¿sf] dxÎj bzf{pF5g\ . …gjÚ zAbsf] cy{
gofF klg xf] . To;}n] cfhsf lhDd]jf/ gf/Lx¿ klg gofF
b]jLx¿ g} x'g\ eGg] cf;o a'‰g ufx|f] 5}g . t/ e]63f6,
/;/+u, v';L, cfgGbdf xfdLn] gjb'uf{sf tL cGtlg{lxt
kIf lal;{/x] h:tf] efg x'G5 . To:t}, gjb'uf{sf] k"hf ubf{,
:t'ltufg ubf{, syf ;'Gbf cfˆgf] 3/sf dft[zlQmx¿nfO{
la;]{ h:tf] efg x'G5 . k'/fgfsf] ;Ddfg / :d/0f ug'{sf]
cf;o jt{dfgsf tL kIfx¿nfO{ la;{gsf] nflu xf]Og .
s;} s;}n] b;}FnfO{ /fdn] /fj0fdfly ljho k|fKt
u/]sf] lbgsf] ¿kdf klg dgfOPsf] eGg] dfGotf /fVb5g\ .
of] lbg /fdn] /fj0fdfly ljho u/]sf] k|;+u klg unt
xf]Og, t/ gjb'uf{sf] ljifo d'Vo ljifo xf] . lsgeg]
ljhof bzdLeGbf klxn] 36:yfkgf ug]{, gf} lbg;Dd
z}nk'qL, a|Xdrfl/0fL, rGb|306f, s"idf08f, :sGbdftf,
sfTofogL, sfn/flq, dxfuf}/L, l;l4bfqL gfdsf km/s
km/s :j¿ksf gf}j6L b]jLx¿nfO{ …gjb'uf{Ú eg]/ k"hf
ul/G5 . oL ;a}sf gfdsf] ljlzi6 cy{ /x]sf] 5 . oL
gfdx¿ b]jLsf u'0f, ljz]iftf / zlQmsf ;|f]t x'g\ . o;
ljifodf 5'6\6} rrf{ cfjZos 5 . o;}n] of] b;}F /fdn]
/fj0fdfly ljho k|fKt u/]sf] lbgsf] ¿kdf ;Lldt 5}g /
;Lldt ug]{ k|of; ul/g' klg x'Fb}g .
plta]nf dft[zlQmsf] xftdf ;Qf ePsf] :ki6
x'G5 . dft[zlQmsf] ;Qfsf cg]sf}F ljz]iftf 5g\ .
dftfx¿n] ;Gtfgsf nflu u/]sf pTs[i6, cg'kd]o /
;fxl;s sfo{x¿ clxn] klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;Gtfgsf
nflu ;j{:j TofUg ;Sg] u'0f cfdfdf b]Vg ;lsG5 .
clxn] klg To;}sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] ¿kdf ;Gtfgsf nflu
cfdfx¿ s7f]/j|tL b]lvG5g\ . oxL b]v]/ g} cfBhub\u'?
z+s/frfo{sf] pb\uf/ 5 M s'k'qf] hfo]t Sjlrblk s'dftf
gejlt . -s'k'q hlGdg ;Sb5g\, t/ sxLF klg s'dftf
x'Fb}gg\ ._
gjb'uf{ / b;}Fsf ;a} ljifo dxÎjk"0f{ 5g\ .
k"mnkftLsf] yk ljlzi6 dxÎj /x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs
;f+:s[lts b[li6n] x]bf{ o;sf] yk dxÎj :ki6 x'G5 .
;KtdLsf] lbg ;fFemdf sfn/flqsf] k"hf ug]{ rng 5 .
o; lbg laxfg kmn, k"mn, gofF kmn]sf ;AhL, pv'
cflb ;+sng ug{ b'uf{ dlGb/, b;}F3/, sf]63/af6 s'df/
k'hf/Lx¿ ufpF3/, a:tLdf hfG5g\ / To;/L ;+sng
ul/Psf kmn–k"mn cflb b'uf{ dlGb/, b;}F3/, sf]63/df
lnP/ hfG5g\ . oL j:t' ToxfF ;dlk{t ul/G5 . of] ;a}n]
a'lemG5, t/ o;sf] csf]{ kf6f] klg 5 . dftfsf] ;Qfdf
sf]xL ef]sf] g/x"g\ eGg] lx;fan] o; cj;/df dft[;Qfsf
…k|x/Lx¿Ú 3/ 3/df lg/LIf0f ub{5g\ / v]tLkftL, kmnk"mn,
;fu;AhL, cGo cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L /fVb5g\ / tL
ljifosf] hfgsf/L dftf;dIf hfgsf/L u/fpF5g\ . jif{df
rf/ k6s x'g] gj/fqL j;Gt, jiff{, z/b / lzlz/df
o;/L lg/LIf0f x'g] s'/f a'‰g ;lsG5 . jiff{ / lzlz/sf]
gj/fqnfO{ uf]Ko dflgG5 . z/b Ct'df kg]{ o; gj/fqdf
of] k|rng ljBdfg 5 .
o;nfO{ lxGb'x¿sf] dxfg\ rf8 klg elgG5 . t/, ;a}
lxGb'x¿n] b;}FnfO{ p:t} lsl;dn] dgfPsf] kfOFb}g . g]kfnL
d"nsf lxGb'x¿ / cGoqsf lxGb'x¿ aLrdf Ps¿ktf
5}g . hxfF;'s} -h'g;'s} b]zdf_ /x]–a;]sf eP klg
g]kfnLx¿n] o; kj{nfO{ cfk;L e]63f6, h]i7–>]i7hgaf6
6Lsf–hd/f yfKg] / cfzLjf{b lng] k|rng 5 . o;sf]
7"nf] dgf]j}1flgs dxÎj /x]sf] 5 . cGoqsf lxGb'x¿,
vf; u/L ef/tLox¿ gjb'uf{sf] k"hf u/] klg ljhof
bzdLsf] ¿kdf dfGb5g\ / b'uf{ lj;h{g ub{5g\ . blIf0f
ef/tsf lxGb'x¿n] gjb'uf{ k"hf ub{5g\, t/ gjdLsf] lbg
…cfo'w-s[lif cf}hf/;d]t_ k"hfÚ ub{5g\ / gj/fqL ;dfkg
ub{5g\ .
ljljwtfsf cGo kIf klg xf]nfg\ . g]kfndf eg] s]xL
dflg;x¿ /fdn] -cfo{n]_, /fj0f -cgfo{_nfO{ df/]sf] /
cfk"mx¿ cfo{ gePsfn] o;nfO{ gdfpg] eGg] e|ddf klg
5g\ . zf:q k|df0f, /fdfo0f cflb k9\g] xf] eg] /fd If]lqo
/fhs'nsf / /fj0f a|fXd0f s'nsf] ePsf] :ki6 5 . slt
s'/f ;Qf;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ eg] d"ntM /fd / /fj0fsf]
k|;+u k|j[lQ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo xf] .
o;/L g]kfnL b;}F ax'cfoflds g]kfnL ljlzi6tf
af]s]sf], dft[zlQmnfO{ pRr dxÎj lbPsf], gofFkgnfO{
:jLsf/ ul/Psf], gj/;sf] Vofn ug{'kg]{ cfzo JoQm
ePsf] cflb ljz]iftf g} ljz]iftfn] el/k"0f{ kj{ xf] . To;}n],
XofKkL ljhof–z'e ljhof xf]Og, xfdL …z'e b;}FÚ egf}F Û
dft[zlQmsf] dxÎj cfTd;ft u/f}F ÛÛï
–lqj]0fLwfd, gjnk/f;L
ljhof bzdL, z'e lbkfjnL tyf 57 kj{–
@)&& sf] kfjg cj;/df ;d:t g]kfnL
bfh'efO, lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt
Pjd\ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ub}{ xflb{s
dËndo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .
s'df/ yfkf du/
k|zf;sLo clws[t
kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if
15 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
u

uLtf
1fg

Pn= kL= efg' zdf{

cfk"o{df0fdrnk|lti7+ klg ljsf/ pTkGg gu/L p;df ;dflxt x'G5g\ ToxL

;d'b|dfkM k|ljzlGt oåt\ . k'?ifn] zflGt k|fKt ub{5 . xfdL ef]ux¿af6 8/fP/ efUg]
tåTsfdf o+ k|ljzlGt ;j]{ xf]Og . kl/jf/af6 8/fP/ efUg] klg xf]Og . sfof{nosf]
; zflGtdfKgf]lt g sfdsfdL ..&).. sfd gug]{ klg xf]Og . hLjgsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 8/fP/
h;/L k"0f{ ¿kn] el/k"0f{ tyf crn k|lti7f ePsf] efUg], sd{af6 efUg] JolQm wfld{s JolQm klg xf]Og .
;d'b|df cg]sg gbLx¿sf kfgL cfP/ ;dflxt x'Fbf jf:tjdf To:tf] JolQm wfld{s tyf zfGtlrQjfnf JolQm
klg ;d'b| ljrlnt x'Fb}g . To;}u/L ef]ux¿sf] sfdgf xf] hf] hlt lhDd]jf/L cfP klg, hlt OlGb|ox¿df
gePsf] k"0f{k'?ifdf p;sf ef]ux¿n] s'g} klg ljsf/ pynk'yn cfP klg OlGb|ox¿df dfq} ;Lldt xf];\,
pTkGg gu/L p;df ;dflxt x'G5g\ . ToxL k'?ifn] p;sf] leqsf] r]tgfnfO{ xNnfpg g;sf];\ .
zflGt k|fKt ub{5 .
s[i0fn] ;fu/sf] cWofTdn] hLjgsf]
slt dL7f] b[i6fGt lhDd]jf/Laf6,
lbg'ePsf] 5 . ufu|fdf r'gf}tLaf6 efUg
yf]/} kfgL /fVof}+ / l;sfpFb}g . s[i0fsf]
To;df clnslt hLjg klg cfkm}+df
kfgL ylklbof}+ eg] sd{of]usf] Pp6f
ufu|f] 5rlNsG5 / b[i6fGt xf] . pxfFsf]
kf]lvG5 t/ k[YjLsf] cfˆgf] /fHo lyof]
agf}6sf] ;a}eGbf åf/sf . Pp6f ;vfsf]
tNnf] efudf /x]sf] k|]ddf k/]/ p;sf]
;fu/df ;f/f hn ;f/ly ag]/ /fHoef/
uP/ ;dflxt x'G5 / yflt /fvL o'4d}bfgdf
klg ToxfF a9L kfgL hfg'eof] . hxfF xhf/f}+
eof] eg]/ slxNo} af0f rln/x]sf 5g\,
af9L cfpFb}g . kfgL hltv]/ klg cfP/
slxNo} kf]lvb}g . nfUg ;S5 . To;
;fu/df af9L x'Fb}g . ljifd kl/l:yltdf klg
;fgf gbLx¿df dfq} pxfFdf cyfx lxDdt
af9L cfpg] xf] . To;}u/L ;d'b|sf] kfgL hlt lems] 5 . o:tf] ljlrqsf] nLnf 5 pxfFsf] . Tof] o'4sf]
klg plt g} /xG5 . ;d'b|df hlt kfgL xfn] klg, hlt d}bfgdf klg pkb]z lbg;Sg'x'G5 uLtfu|Gysf ¿kdf .
lgsfn] klg oyfdfqfdf g} /xG5 . c;nL wd{sf] k/LIff o'4sf a]nf x'G5 . hxfF r'gf}tL 5,
s[i0f eGg'x'G5, h'g k'?ifnfO{ p;sf ef]ux¿ s'g} hxfF If0f–If0fdf dg]{ dfg]{ e}/xG5, Tof] r'gf}tLdf dfq}
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 16
wd{sf] k/LIff x'G5 . To;}n] klg pxfFn] s'g} PsfGtdf
geO{ o'4e"lddf pkb]z lbg'eof] .
;d'b|sf] cj:yfem}+ cfˆgf] cj:yf agfpg'k5{ .
;d'b|nfO{ p;df ldl;g] gbL / p;af6 aflxl/g] hnsf]
/lQe/ klg k|jfx 5}g . c¿sf] lrGtf ;fu/nfO{ 5}g .
To:t} xfd|f] hLjgdf klg c?sf] lrof] / rrf{eGbf
cfˆg} cfWoflTds pGgltk|lt Wofg x'g h?/L 5 .
hLjgdf r'gf}tL a9]sf 5g\ To;}n] Wofg / k|]d a9fpg
cfjZos 5 .
s[i0f pkb]zsf qmddf OlGb|olgu|xsf] s'/f
ug'{x'Gg . of] vfpm, Tof] gvfpm, k|]d gu/, wg gsdfp
s]xL klg eGg'x'Gg . eGg'x'G5 t s]jn cfˆgf] tgfj
36fpm / pGgogtkm{ nfu . s]xL cˆ7\of/f] nfu]sf] 5
eg] To;nfO{ cfh g} ;N6fOb]pm . afFsL /fVof}+ eg]
t sfd klg a9\5 tgfj klg a9\5 . hlt lalu|Psf
sfd ;kfl/G5, lalu|Psf ;DaGw agfOG5 Tolt g}
gofF r]tgfsf] cfljef{j x'G5 . gofF r]tgfsf] k|sfzn]
;+;f/nfO{ x]g{ yfNof] eg] JolQmsf] cj:yf ;d'b|sf]
h:tf] x'G5 .
ug'{kg]{ sfd, ug'{kg]{ ;]jf, lbg'kg]{ k|]d, lbg'kg]{ bfg
afFsL /fv]/ cWofTd x'Fb}g . hLjg klg rNb}g . ToxL
eP/ Clif dgLifLx¿ a]n'sL ;'Tg'eGbf cufl8 cfˆgf]
lx;falstfanfO{ /fkm;fkm ug{ pkb]z lbG5g\ . o;f]
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ tgfjn] slxn] klg 5'g ;Sb}g .
w]/} ;DklQ sdfpg yfNg] k|j[lQn] lbdfudf klg
w]/} s'/f eg{ yfN5 . aflx/ ;DklQ cfh{g u/f}+, afF8\b}
klg hfcf}+ . ;DklQ /fVgnfO{ xf]Og . ;s]sf] pkef]u ug]{
g;s]sf] afF8\b} hfg] tf ls gofF cfpFb} hfG5 . dgdf
cfPsf ljrf/x¿, ptf/r9fjx¿nfO{ klg x/]s a]n'sL
afF8\b} hfcf}+ tf ls x[bo zfGt /xf];\ . xfdLn] o;f] u¥of}+
eg] oxfF /fhgLlts qmflGtsf] h?/L kb}{g . lx+;fTds
qmflGtsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . lx+;fTds qmflGtaf6
xfd|f] ;dfh aRg ;S5 . dg'iosf] ;dfh aRg ;S5 .
aflx/sf oL ;a} qmflGt 5f8]/ cfWoflTds qmflGt ug{
h?/L 5 . cfWoflTds qmflGtsf] k/d ;"q s[i0f lbFb}
x'g'x'G5– ltdL klg ;fu/h:t} ag .ï
–hLjg lj1fg, u0f]z:yfg, rfjlxn
17 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
 cfWoflTds
jftf{
;dflwdf >L/fds[i0f . k|d
] tŒj
uLt ufpFbf ufpFb} >L/fds[i0f ;dflwdUg x'ge' of] .
eQmu0f :tAw efjdf lg/LIf0f ul//x]5g\ pxfFnfO{ . s]xLa]/kl5
s]xL k|fs[t cj:yfdf cfPkl5 >L/fds[i0f dftfsf ;fy
jftf{nfk ug{ nfUg'eof] .
æcfdf, dflyaf6 -;x;|f/af6_ oxfF cf]ng{ x' f];–\ lsg lbSs
nufpg'xG' 5 < r'krfk cfP/ a:g'xf];\ .æ
æcfdf, h;sf] h:tf] ;+:sf/ 5, tL t eP/} 5f]8g\ 5 ] g\ .
o; eGbf c¿ d s] eg"F < ljj]s j}/fUo geO{ s]xL x'Gg .’’
æj}/fUo tLg yl/sf 5g\ . Pp6f o:tf] xf], h;nfO{ ds{6
j}/fUo eGb5g\, To:tf] j}/fUo ;+;f/sf] Hjfnfn] kf]n/]
x'G5 . To:tf] j}/fUo clws lbg l6Sb}g . clg ;fFrf] j}/fUo
klg x'G5 . Pshgf dflg;;Fu ;a}yf]s 5, s'g} j:t'sf]
klg cefj 5}g, t}klg p;nfO{ oL ;a ldYof nfUb5g\ .
æj}/fUo PSsfl; xFb' g} . ;do gcfOsg x'bF g} . t/ Pp6f
s'/f 5, j}/fUosf af/]df ;'Gb} /xg' k5{ . ha ;do cfpg]5,
ta ;Demgf cfpnf ‘xf] slxn] ;'gs ] f] xf] . Pp6f csf]{ s'/f
5 . oL ;a s'/fx¿ ;'Gbf, ;'Gbf ljifo ef]usf] OR5f cln
cln u/]/ 36\b} hfG5 . /S;Lsf] db 36fpgsf] nflu cln
u/]/ rf}nfgL kfgL vfg] ul/G5 . o;} k|sf/ la:tf/ la:tf/}
gzf 36\b} /xG5 .
æ1fgnfe ug]{ clwsf/Lx¿ w]/} sd 5g\ . uLtfdf eg]sf]
5, xhf/f}+ dflg;x¿ dWo] s'g} Ps pxfFnfO{ hfGg] OR5f
ub{5 . clg o:tf] OR5f ug]{ xhf/f}+ dWo] st} Pp6fn] g}
pxfFnfO{ hfGg kfpF5 .
tflGqs eQm– dg'iof0ff+ ;x;|i] f' slZrt\ otlt l;4o] OToflb .
>L/fds[i0f– ;+;f/sf] cf;lQm hlt hlt 36\b} hfg]5, 1fg
klg plQs} a9\b} hfg]5 . cf;lQm cyf{t sfldgL sf+rgsf]
cf;lQm .
æk|d] ;a}nfO{ x'bF g} . uf}/f+unfO{ ePsf] lyof] . hLjx¿nfO{
efj x'g ;Qm5 . vfnL O{Zj/ sf]l6sfnfO{ h:tf] cjtf/
x¿nfO{ k|d] x'G5 . k|d] ePkl5 ;+;f/ t ldYof nflu g}
xfN5, clg o:tf] Kof/f] j:t' hf] of] z/L/ xf], of] klg
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 18
>L dx]Gb|gfy u'Kt ‘>Ld’
lal;{OG5 .
kf/;Lx¿sf] u|Gydf n]lvPsf] 5, 5fnfleq df;' 5,
df;' leq xf8 5, xf8leq dHhf, o;kl5 yfxf 5}g s] s]
x'G5 / ;a}sf] leq x'G5 k|d] .
k|d] n] dflg; sdnf] x'g hfG5 . k|d] n] g} >Ls[i0f lqe+uL
x'g hfg'eof] .
æk|d] x'bF fv]l/ ;lRrbfgGbnfO{ afFWg] 8f]/L ldNb5 . To;nfO{
klqmP/ tfGgfn] k'luxfN5 . ha af]nfpg] 5f}, ta kfpg]5f} .
æelQm kfs]kl5 efj x'G5 . efj kfs]kl5 ;lRrbfgGbnfO{
;f]r/] pm lgjf{s x'ghfG5 . hLjx¿sf nflu a; oxL;Dd
xf] . clg km]l/ efj kfs]kl5 dxfefj . of] k|d] x'g5] . h:tf]
sfFrf] cfFk / kfs]kl5sf] cfFk .
æz'4f elQm g} Ps dfq ;f/ j:t' xf], c¿ ;a} ldYof xf] .
ægf/bn] :t'lt u/]kl5 >L/fdrGb|n] eGg'eof] ltdL j/ dfu .
gf/bn] z'4felQm dfu] / eg], Úx] /fd, ca o:tf] ul/lbg'xf];\
h;af6 xh'/sf] e'jg df]lxgL dfofaf6 d'Uw x'g ghfpmF .Ú
/fdn] eGg'eof]– of] t To:t} eof] . bf];f| ] j/ dfu .
‘‘gf/bn] eg], c? s]xL rflxFbg} , s]jn elQmsf] k|fy{gf
ub{5' .’’
‘‘of] elQm klg s;/L x'G5 < klxn] ;fw'x¿sf] ;+ut ug{'
kb{5 . ;T;+u u/]kl5 O{Zj/Lo s'/fx¿k|lt >4f hfUb5 .
>4fkl5 lgi7f x'G5, ta O{Zj/sf s'/fx¿ afx]s c¿ s]xL
klg ;'Gg] OR5f x'bF g} . pxfFs} sfd ug{ dg nfUb5 .’’
‘‘lgi7fkl5 elQm x'G5, o;kl5 efj / km]l/ dxfefj clg
j:t'nfe .
‘‘dxfefj / k|d] cjtf/x¿df klg x'G5 . ;+;f/L hLjx¿sf]
1fg, eQmx¿sf] 1fg / cjtf/ k'?ifx¿sf] 1fg a/fa/
x'bF g} . ;+;f/L hLjx¿sf] 1fg aQLsf] pHofnf] h:tf] xf],
To;af6 3/leq dfq k|sfz x'G5, ToxLFsf j:t'x¿ x]g{
;lsG5 . To; 1fgn] vfg' lkpg'Ù 3/u[x:yLsf] sfd
;DxfNg'Ù z/L/ /Iff ug',{ ;Gtfg kfNg', dfq oxL ;a x'G5 .
æeQmx¿sf] 1fg, h:tf] h"g, 3/ leq klg b]lvG5 / aflx/
klgÙ t/ w]/} 6f9fsf] j:t' of w]/} ;fgf] rLh b]lvb}g .
cjtf/ cflbsf] 1fg rflx+ dfgf}+ ;"os { f] k|sfz xf] . leq,
aflx/, ;fgf] 7"nf] ;a} j:t'x¿ b]lvG5g\ .
‘‘of] ;fFrf] xf], ;+;f/L dflg;x¿sf] dg wldnf] kfgL h;/L
ag]sf] 5 . km6\ls/L xfn]kl5 kfgL ;kmf x'g ;S5 . ljj]s
/ j}/fUo ltgsf nflu km6\ls/L xf] .
ca >L/fds[i0f lzjk'/sf eQmx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ug{
nfUg'eof] .
>L/fds[i0f– tkfO{x¿nfO{ s]xL
;f]Wg' 5 eg] ;f]Wg'xf];\ .
eQm– xh'/, xfdL ;a} ;'lg/x]sf
t 5f}+ .
>L/fds[i0f– ;'lg/fVg' /fd|f] xf] .
t/ ;do geOsg s]xL x'bF g} .
æHj/f] 7"nf] cfPsf] 5 eg] Hj/f]
/lx/x]sf] 5 eg], s'g} SjLgg\
lbP/ s] ;~rf] xf]nf < lkmj/
ldS:r/ lbP/ h'nfj nufPkl5
ha Hj/f] s]xL sd x'G5, ta
SjLgg\\ lbg ;lsG5 .
‘‘clg clt s;}sf] Hj/f] o;} klg
lgsf] x'g hfG5 . SjLgg\ lbg'
kb}g{ .
æ5f]/f]n] ;'Tg] a]nfdf cfdf;Fu eg]sf] lyof]Ù cfdf, dnfO{
lb;f ug{ dg nfUof] eg] hufOlbg'xf]nf .Ú pgsL cfdfn]
egL, afa' lb;f ug{ dg nfu] tF :jo+ p7\g5 ] ;\ .
æs;} s;}nfO{ oxfF cfPsf] b]V5' . pm s'g} eQmsf ;fy 8'u+ f
r9]/ cfPsf] x'G5 t/ O{Zj/sf s'/f p;nfO{ /fd|f] nfUb}g .
pm a/fa/ cfˆg" ldqnfO{ lrdl6/xG5, slxn] hfg] eg]/ .
ha p;sf] ldq s;}u/L klg p7]g, ta p;n] eGof]Ù n
ltdL oxfF jl;/fv, d ToltGh]n 8'u+ fdf uP/ j:5' .
æh;nfO{ klxnf]rf]l6 dflg;sf] rf]nf ldn]sf] xf], ltgnfO{
ef]usf] cfjZostf x'G5 . s]xL sfd ha;Dd ul/;s]sf]
x'Gg, ta;Dd r]tgf cfpFbg} .
>L/fds[i0f -zf}rflbsf] nflu_ emfptNnftkm{ hfg'xg' 5 ] .
uf]na/08fdf df:6/nfO{ eGb} x'gx' G' 5 –
>L/fds[i0f– -;xf:o_ cF, of] d]/f] s:tf] cj:yf xf] <
df:6/– -;xf:o_ xh'/, aflx/af6 x]bf{ t xh'/sf] ;xh
cj:yf xf], t/ leq a8f] u+eL/ 5 . xh'/sf] cj:yf a'emg
a8f] sl7g 5 .
>L/fds[i0f– -;xf:o_ xf], h:tf] kSsf e'OF Ù dflg; aflx/ t
b]V5g\, t/ leq s:tf] 5, hfGb}gg\ . kf6L ePsf] 3f6df
an/fd cflb s]xL eQmx¿ snsQf hfgsf] nflu 8'u+ fdf
r9\b5} g\ . lbgsf] t];f| ] k|x/ 5, rf/ ah]sf] xf]nf . u+ufdf
ef6f cfPsf] 5, To;dfly blIf0fL xfjf rln/x]sf] 5 .
u+ufsf] jIf:yndf t/+ux¿ p7]/ zf]let eO/x]sf] 5 .
an/fdsf] gf}sf afuahf/tkm{ hfFb5 } .
df:6/ w]/} a]/;Dd pleP/ x]l//x]sf
5g\ . 8'u+ f ha b[li6af6 cf]em]n x'guof],
ta pgL >L/fds[i0fsf] glhsdf kms]/{
cfP .
>L/fds[i0f klZrdkl§sf] a/08faf6
cf]ln{b} x'gx' G' 5 . emfptNnf hfg'xg' 5] .
pQ/–klZrdsf] s'gfdf clt g} ;'Gb/
d]3dfnf b]lvPsf] 5 . >L/fds[i0f
eGg'xG' 5– ‘jiff{ x'G5 s] < 5ftf lnP/
t cfpm .Ú df:6/ 5ftf lnP/ cfP .
nf6" klg ;fy} 5g\ .
>L/fds[i0f k~rj6Ldf cfpg'eof] .
nf6"nfO{ eGb} x'gx' G' 5– tF lsg b'AnfpFb}
uO/x]sf] xF <
nf6"– s]xL vfg} dg nfUb}g .
>L/fds[i0f– a;\ oxL sf/0f xf] / < df};d a8f] v/fa 5
clg tF zfob a9L Wofg klg u5{;\ . -df:6/;Fu_ of] ef/
ltdLdfly 5– afa'/fdnfO{ eGg"– /fvfn uPkl5 Ps b'O{
lbgsf nflu oxfF cfP/ a:g] ug",{ geP t d]/f] dgdf w]/}
czflGt /xg]5 .
df:6/– xh'/, x'G5 . d elglbG5' .
;/n ePkl5 g} O{Zj/ e]l6g' x'G5 .
>L /fds[i0f ;f]Wb} x'gx' G' 5– afa"/fd ;/n 5 x}g <
>L/fds[i0f emfptNnfaf6 blIf0ftkm{ cfpFb} x'gx' G' 5 . df:6/
/ nf6" k~rj6Ld'lg pQ/ lbzflt/ d'v u/]/ plePsf 5g\ .
>L/fds[i0fsf] kl5 kl5 h:tf] afbnsf] 5fofF u+ufsf]
ljzfn jIf:yndf kl//x]sf] 5 . ck"j{ zf]ef 5 Û u+ufhn
sfnf] /+usf] h:tf] b]lvO/x]5 . qmdzM
cg'jfbsM k|f= 8f= z°//fh kGt, d}tLb]jL, sf7df8f}+
>L/fds[i0f k/dx+;sf] b}lgsL ‘>L/fds[i0f jrgfd[t’af6
19 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
cGt/jftf{

hLjgLzlQm / cfTdan g} /f]usf] pkrf/ xf]

x/]s dflg; :j:y eP/ afFRg rfxG5 . cfxf/ljxf/df ul/Psf
e'nn] clwsf+z dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf v/fjL cfpF5 csf]{ cy{df eGbf
lj/fdL x'G5 . dflg; lj/fdL ePkl5 cfw'lgs tyf k/Dk/fut pkrf/
k4ltsf ljleGg ljlw ckgfpF5 .
/f]u} nfUg glbg cfxf/ ljxf/df ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .
dflg;n] cfkm"nfO{ ;ts{ 7fGbf 7fGb} klg sltj]nf /f]un] cfqmd0f u5{
yfxf g} x'bF g
} . o;f] x'gd
' f dflg;n] ck|fs[lts vfgkfgnfO{ ckgfpg'
g} k|dv
' sf/0f xf] eGg'xG' 5– s}nfz kj{t cfo'jb{] pkrf/ s]Gb|sf
k|dv
' /fhgk|;fb l3ld/] . o;} k|;·df pxfFsf] cfo'jl{] bs pkrf/
k4ltsf ljljw kIfsf ;fy} xfnsf] ljZjJofkL sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L ;lxt
dfgj :jf:Yosf ljifodf s]lGb|t /xL ;Dkfbs ch'g { nfld5fg]n]
ug'e{ Psf] s'/fsfgLsf dxŒjk"0f{ c+z tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

Pp6f dflg; :j:y eP/ /xg s] s:tf s'/fdf
Wofg k'¥ofpg' knf{ <
;fdfGotof, clwsf+z dflg; lg/f]uL g} hlGdPsf
kfOG5 . obfsbf sf]xL /f]uL klg hlGdPsf x'G5g\, Tof]
a]Un} s'/f xf] . To;kl5 aflx/sf] s'/fn] p;nfO{ /f]uL
agfpF5 . z'?df jftfj/0f, vfgkfg, of]ufEof; cflbsf]
k|efj dflg;df kb{5 . jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f;Fu hf]lug
;Sof] / k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf tf/tDo ldnfpg ;Sof]
eg] dflg; lg/f]uL x'G5 . ck|fs[lts of k|s[lteGbf
aflx/ x'Fb}uof] eg] /f]uL x'G5 . cln 7'nf] ePkl5
vfgkfgn] k|efj kfb{5 . s'g} klg lrhsf] :jfb / u'0f
glaufl/sg / ;do -df};d_ cg';f/ vfof] eg] Tof]
lrhn] slxn] klg ljuf/ ub}{g . t/ xfdL xfd|f] vfgfsf]
:jfb klg lauf5f}{+, u'0f klg lauf5f}{+ . o;n] ubf{ ^
OGrsf] lha|fsf] # OGrsf] :jfbsf sf/0f @& lkm6sf]
cfGb|f ;lxt ;f/f z/L/ lalu|/x]sf] x'G5 . ljxf/sf
sf/0fn] klg z/L/ c:j:y x'G5 . z/L/, df6f], xfjf,
kfgL, ljBf, ;DklQ / ;DaGw hlt rnfof] plt /fd|f]
x'G5 . o;/L z/L/ grn]kl5 /f]uL x'g] g} eof] .
dfG5]sf] csf]{ sdhf]/L Tofu ug{ g;Sg' klg
xf] . Pp6f ds}sf] af]6n] cfkm"df nfu]sf] 3f]ufnfO{
Tofu ug{ g;Sbf 3f]uf;Fu} af]6 ;'s]/ d5{ . t/ ;'Gtnf
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 20
of :ofpsf] af]6n] cfkm"df nfu]sf] bfgfnfO{ Tofu ub}{
hfFbf pm emg d'h'/f xfn]/ l6sfp x'Fb} hfG5 . dflg;n]
lb;f, lk;fj, vsf/, l;+ufg, /h, jLo{, gª, skfn
kl;gf cflb ;a} Tofu ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L TofUg'kg]{
s'/fx¿ hlt TofUof] plt dflg; ;kmf / lg/f]uL aG5 .
:j:y /xg xfdLn] jg:klt / hl8a'6Lx¿sf]
plrt k|of]u ug'{ hfGg'kb{5 . jg:kltsf] k|of]u ljz]iftM
tLg k|of]hgsf nflu x'G5– Pp6f wfld{s, bf]>f] b}lgs
;fu;AhL / d;nfsf] nflu / t]>f] rflxF clt cfjZos
k/]sf] a]nfdf dfq . s'z, cfFk, lkkn, rfFk, b'jf], jfF;, k}oF'
nufotsf hl8a'6L wfld{s sfo{sf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .
o:tf ;fdu|Lx¿ a]nfa]nfdf ;do cg';f/sf] k|of]u ul/G5
/ To;n] xfdLnfO{ To:t} lsl;dsf] kmfObf x'G5 . b}lgs
;fu;AhL / d;nfsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ hl8a'6Lsf] lgoldt
k|of]u x'G5 . cfjZos k/]sf] a]nfdf dfq k|of]u ug]{ hl8a'6L
eg] /f]u jf :jf:Yo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ k|of]u ul/G5 .
h:tf] k]6 b'Vof], 6fpsf] b'Vof] of s'g} ;d:of eof] eg]
lr/fOtf] vfG5f}+ . Hj/f] cfof] eg] sfnf] lh/f ksfP/
vfG5f}+ . o:tf hl8a'6L a]nfa]nfdf dfq k|of]u ul/G5 .
hl8a'6Ldf x]g]{ xf] eg] xfdLdf s'g} s'/fsf] cefj 5}g .
ltgsf] k|of]udf Wofg glbOPsf] dfq xf] .
oxfF cfo'j]{bsf] dfWodaf6 lj/fdLx¿sf] ;]jf
ub{}cfpg'ePsf] 5 . of] ljifodf s;/L 1fg k|fKt
ug'{eof] <
s'g} 8fF8f, kfvfdf /x]sf] Pp6f r'Rr] /
pj8vfj8 ePsf] 9'Ëf]nfO{ dflyaf6 tn v;fof] eg]
rf]Ol6G5 . Tof] 9'Ëf vf]nfdf k'Uof] eg] vf]nfsf] kfgLsf]
wf/n] aufpFb} nfFbf rf/lt/ 7f]lSsb}–7f]lSsb} tn
au/df k'u]kl5 r'Rr] 9'Ëf uf]nf] ag]sf] x'G5 . dflg;sf]
hLjg klg To:t} x'G5 . cfkm" s] aGg] eGg] s'/f cfˆgf]
xftdf x'Fb}g . stf stf ljleGg 7fpFdf 7f]lSsFb} hfFbf
dflg; cfˆgf] :j¿kdf cfpg] /x]5 .
xfd|f] kl/jf/df kfFrf} k':tf cufl8b]lv g}
hl8a'6Lsf] w]/yf]/ 1fg /x]5 . To;n] klg dnfO{ o;
;DaGwdf cln dfly k'¥ofof] . d cfˆgf] :jefj / ?lr
ldNg] dflg;x¿;Fu a9L ;+ut u5'{ . o:t} ;+utsf qmddf
w]/} u'?x¿;Fu d]/f] e]6 eof], pxfFx¿sf lbJojf0fL u|x0f
ub}{ uPF . o:t}df d}n] lbNnLaf6 ‘l8Knf]df Og g]r'/n
;fOG;’ u/]+ . kl5 To;}sf] cfwf/df gf8L lj1fgnfO{
cfTd;fy u/]/ /f]u klxrfg u/L ;fdfGo hl8a'6Ldfkm{t
cf}iflw pkrf/ ul//x]sf] 5' .
s'g} klg lj/fdLnfO{ cf}iflwn] 7Ls ug]{ xf]Og
/x]5 . JolQmnfO{ l7s ug]{ eg]sf] p;sf] hLjgL zlQm
/x]5 . s;}sf] hLjgL zlQm sxfF sdhf]/ ePsf] 5
To;nfO{ s;/L xNsf a9fpg] eGg] lsl;dsf] ;f]r
x'Fbf]/x]5 . Tof] hLjgL zlQm a9fOlbPkl5 p;sf] sfd
pm cfkm}Fn] u5{ . h:tf] kf]v/Ldf hd]sf] kfgLnfO{ l8n
vf]lnlbof] eg] cfkm}+ tn aUgyfN5, xfdLn] hfhf eGg'
kb}{g . /f]u klg To:t} xf] ljhftLo kbfy{sf] sf/0fn]
nfu]sf] /f]unfO{ Tof] afFw -afwf_ x6fOlbof] eg] pm cfkm}F
lgsf] x'Fb} hfG5, p;s} hLjgLzlQmn] sfd u5{ . xfdLn]
s]xL ug]{ xf]Og . d To;}nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ lj/fdLx¿
x]g]{ ub{5' . d gf8Laf6 lj/fdL hfFr u5'{ .
gf8Laf6 x]bf{ skm, lkQ, jfy tLg s'/fsf]
klxrfg ul/G5 . oL tLgdf s] sf/s xf] < Tof]
5'6\ofOG5 . To;kl5 s'g JolQmsf] s'g efu 5'g x'Fb}g
eg]/ klxrfg ug{ h?/L 5 . gzf;DaGwL ePsf]n] s'g
gzf 5'g x'Fb}g, s'g x'G5 eg]/ klxrfg ul/G5 . b]Vbf
;/n / ;xh 5 t/ ug{ TolQs} ufx|f] klg 5 . x'g
t c¿n] u/]sf] k]zf, c¿n] v]n]sf] s':tL / lxdfn
k/af6 x]bf{ /dfOnf] nfU5 t/ cfkm"n] ug'{kbf{ /dfOnf]
nfUb}g . dnfO{ klg d]/f] k]zf c;lhnf], cˆ6\of/f]
nfUg' :jefljs xf] / klg Tolt c;xh rflxF 5}g .
oxfFn] ljz]if u/L s:tf /f]usf] pkrf/ ug'{x'G5 <
pkrf/sf nfvf}+ k4lt 5g\, s'g} bIf JolQmn]
cfkm"n] ug]{ pkrf/df (% k|ltzt 1fg xfl;n ug{
;Sg'x'G5 . d}n] rnfPsf] k4ltdf klg s]xL c+z hfGb5' .
t/ d}n] hfg]sf] s'/f k|of]u u/]/ pkrf/ u¥of] eg] ;kmn
x'g Tolt sl7gfO 5}g . ghfg]sf] s'/f / xr'jfsf] e/df
pkrf/ ug{ yfNof] eg] hlxn] lg c;kmn eOG5 . ynf
k/]sf, lb;flk;fj Ps} 7fpFdf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ g} 7"nf]
/f]uL dflgG5 . tL dflg; pkrf/ kfP/ lxF8]/ hfg;s]
eg] Tof] 7"nf] eof] . d]/f] pkrf/df To:tf $)))–$@))
dflg; pkrf/ u/]/ lgsf] agfPsf] 5' . ltg} JolQmsf
sf/0f, pxfFx¿s} k|rf/n] ubf{ xfdLsxfF cfpg] dflg;x¿
w]/} x'g'x'G5 . Tof] afx]s xfdLn] s'g} lj1fkg of k|rf/
k|;f/ u/]sf 5}gf}+, ub}{gf}+ klg .
dnfO{ O{Zj/n] Pp6f zlQm lbg'ePsf] 5 h;sf]
sf/0f d}n] x]/]kl5 ;f] lj/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug{ ;S5',
;lSbg yfxf x'G5 . ;S5' eg] u5'{ eG5' / ;lSbg
eg] cndnfP/ s;}sf] ;do / k};fsf] jjf{b ulb{g .
daf6 To:tf] x'Fb}g . oxfF ljleGg k4ltx¿ 5g\ . Pp6f
k4ltn] gePsf] pkrf/ csf]{ k4ltn] x'G5, csf]{n]
gePsf] csf]{ s'g}n] x'G5 .
tTsfn pkrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'g} /f]u 5 eg] xfdL
cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k|0ffnL -Pnf]k]yL_df hfg ;Nnfx
lbG5f}+ . nfdf] ;do pkrf/ ug'{ k¥of] eg] cfo'j]{lbs
/fd|f] x'G5 / slxNo} pkrf/ gx'g] /f]u 5 eg] k|fs[lts
lrlsT;f÷xf]df]k]lys cyjf j}slNks lrlsT;f /fd|f]
x'G5 . s'g} k4lt cfkm}df g/fd|f x'Fb}gg\ . s'g} klg
uf8L le/af6 n8\g ag]sf xf]Ogg\ uNtLsf sf/0f of
c;Ifd rfnsn] nu]/ v;fNg] xf] . k4lt g/fd|f] xf]Og
ug]{ dfG5]df e/ kg]{ s'/f xf] . ug]{ dfG5]n] tg, dg /
wg lbP/ ug'{k5{ .
21 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
cfo'j]{lbs lrlsT;sx¿n] pkrf/sf qmddf
ljz]ifu/L s] vfg], s] gvfg] egL juL{s/0f
ul/Psf] kfOG5 . tkfO{ lj/fdLnfO{ vfgkfgsf
;DaGwdf s] eGg'x'G5 <
d t s] eG5' eg] x/]z gvfg' c¿ h] klg vfg'
x'G5 . x'g t /f]u lkR5] vfgkfgdf s]xL ;fjwfgL
ckgfpg' h?/L x'G5, To;df xf];\ k'¥ofOPg eg] s]xL
c;/ ub{5 . h:tf] st} 3fp nfu]sf] 5, ;fdfGo b'V5,
t/ ToxfF sfutL k¥of] eg] rx¥ofpF5 . To;sf/0fn] g
3fp rx¥ofpF5, g sfutL rx¥ofpF5 Û b'O{6f ldl;of]
eg] dfq rx¥ofpF5 . To;}n] s]xL s'/f vfFbf lj/fdLsf]
;d:of yk a9\b5 eg] xfdL p;nfO{ of] vfg' x'Fb}g
eG5f}+ . gvfg] lrh vf;} w]/} x'Fb}g, Ps b'O{j6f dfq
x'G5 . ;a}nfO{ Pp6} lgod nfu' x'G5 eGg] x'Fb}g .
;+;f/df dfG5]sf] cg'xf/, xftsf] ylDkg -rqm_, gf8L
/ 8L=Pg=P= klg Ps csf{df s;};Fu ldNb}g . Pp6fnfO{
u/]sf] pkrf/n] csf]{nfO{ x'Fb}g . To;sf] k|s[lt km/s
km/s x'G5 . hLjgLzlQm klg km/s km/s x'G5 .
p;sf] hLjgLzlQm p;nfO{ nu]/ 5f]l8lbg], To;}n] ;a}
s'/f ldnfpFb} hfG5 .
km/s k|;ª\u, clxn] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf km}lnPsf]
sf]/f]gf efO/;sf] ljifodf oxfFsf] wf/0ff s] 5 <
o:tf efO/;x¿ klxnf klxnf klg cfpFy] .
t/ klxnf Ps 7fpFdf efO/; eof] eg] csf]{ 7fpFdf
;/]/ hfg w]/} jif{ nfUYof] . ToxfF k'Ug] a]nf;Dddf
p;sf] cfo' ;lsO;s]sf] x'GYof] . clxn] cfP/ efO/;
ljZjJofkL ¿kdf km}ng'df oftfoftsf] sf/0f g} k|d'v
5 . oftfoftsf] sf/0fn] clxn] of] efO/; ;lhn}
;a}lt/ k'Uof] . To;}n] ljZjdf clxn] ns8fpgsf]
cjwf/0ff NofOPsf] xf] .
efO/;sf ;+qmd0fnfO{ hf]8]/ ljleGg ;~rf/
dfWoddf s] vfg] s] gvfg] egL kof{Kt k|rf/ ul/Psf]
;'lgG5 . t/, d t ToxL eG5', x/]; gvfg";\ ;a}
vfg";\ . tftf]kfgL vfg], ;'k a9L vfg], c¿sf]
;+;u{df sd a:g] cflb s'/fn] xfdLnfO{ hf]ufpF5 .
xfdLn] dl/rsf] bfgf, lkKnf, af]emf] nufotsf s'g} klg
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 22
lrh d'vdf /fVg] afgL u¥of}+ eg] klg d'vaf6 To:tf
efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f x'Fb}g . :jf;k|:jf;af6 pl56\l6Psf]
y's ;d]taf6 efO/; ;g]{ ePsf]n] csf{sf] h'7f] gvfg'
;fy} ;/sf/n] lgb]{zg lbP cg'¿k df:s nufpg],
;fdflhs b'/L sfod ug]{ cflb xf]lzof/L klg ckgfpg'
kg]{ x'G5 . ;ts{tf ckgfpF t/ ;a}s'/f 5f]8]/ a:g'k5{
eGg] 5}g .
sf]/f]gf nflu;s]kl5 s;/L hf]lug] <
sf]/f]gfsf] ;+qmd0f e};s]kl5 s]xL s'/fdf
;fjwfgL ckgfpg' h?/L 5 . efO/;sf] ;+qmd0f
gx'Gh]n;Dd tkfO{+ k"/f 8/fpg';\, eof] eg] 8/fpg'
of cflQg' x'Fb}g . cGo JolQmsf] ;+;u{af6 6f9f /xg],
of]u ug]{, k|f0ffofd ug]{, ;'k kof{Kt vfg] . s;/L x'G5
xfFl;v'zL /xg] . dflg; xfFl;v'zL eof] eg] %% k|ltzt
/f]u cfkm}F 7Ls x'G5 . cfˆgf] kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ sf]/f]gf
eof] eg] p;nfO{ v'zL t'Nofpg' k5{, p;nfO{ s] dg
kb{Yof], s] rfxgf ub{Yof], ;s];Dd Tof] k'¥ofOlbg]
ug'{k5{ . v'zL x'g ;Sof] eg] sf]/f]gfdfq xf]Og ;+;f/}
lhltG5 .
sf]/f]gfsf] sf/0fn] clxn] w]/} dflg; l8k|];gdf
uPsf] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' . sf]/f]gf nfU5 ls eGg] cfz+sfn]
w]/} dflg; l8k|];gdf uPsf 5g\ . To;}n] of]u Wofgsf
cltl/Qm cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ k':ts k9\g] cflb sfo{ ug'{
h?/L 5 . l8k|];gdf hfgaf6 aRg] cGo ;fjwfgLsf
pkfo cjnDjg ug{ ;Sof] eg] o:tf efO/;af6 aRg
;xh x'G5 .
cGtdf, uf}/Ldfkm{t eGg'kg]{ s]xL 5 ls <
uf}/L dfl;s klqsfnfO{ s;/L l6sfpg] cyjf
lg/Gt/tf lbg] eGg] ljifodf xfdL z'elrGtsx¿n]
;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . o;af/]df ef]lnsf lbgdf s]xL
ug'{kg]{ 5 . uf}/Lsf ljz]if k|sf/sf kf7s x'g'x'G5,
pxfFx¿ dWo] sltkonfO{ dnfO{ eGbf a9L 1fg ePsf]
x'g;S5 . d}n] sltko /fd|f t sltko g/fd|f s'/f eg]+
xf]nf, /fd|f s'/f lng'xf]nf / g/fd|f s'/f uf}/Ldfkm{t g}
k'gM kmsf{Olbg'xf]nf . kl5 cfjZostf k/] To;nfO{
;Rofpg] 5' .ï
;+:s[t
v08

8f= ab|L kf]v|]nM

g]kfln;+:s[tf} b'uf{k"hfofMljlzi6+ dxŒj+ jt{t] .k|frLgfg"tgfjf ;fdflhsdfGotf wd{:o}j z[Ìnfof+

cfa4fejlt . OtM k/+ ;Dk"0f{+ r/fr/ljZj+ lx wd]{
cflZjgz'Snk|ltkbftMb'uf{ofMljz]ifk"hfk|f/Eot].g]kfn/fi6«:og]kflnhgfgf+
r s[t] b'uf{k"hfljlzi6tdkj{¿k]0fflkdfGot]] . tl:dg\cfa4+ejlt.w… df]l{ jZj:ohutMk|lti7fMPt:ojfSo:ocy{Zr
kj{l0fzlQmtŒj:ok"hfejlt . zlQmtŒj+ dfoftŒj:olåtLo+ wd{:o j}lzi6\od]j ;fwolt . wd]{0fljgf ;dfhM kª\u'e{jlt,
¿k+ jt{t] . zQm]lj{gf lsdlksfo+{ g l;l4dfoflt . lgZr]i6Ojk|lteflt . tqk|f0f¿kflrR5lQmM,c:ofcefj]
1fgzlQmMlqmofzlQmZrgrnlt . lqmof1fgof]Mcefj]
otMzQm]lj{gf sfo{;Dkfbg+ r st'{+ g kfo{t] . sfo{l;Woy{+
o:oj:t'gMcfjZostfejlt tb\ j:t' clkzlQm/]j . ;f ;dfh:oljsf;M g}j ejlt, clkt' Ptof]M ;+of]hg]g}j
;dfh:ok"0f{ljsf;M ;Dejlt .
PjzlQmM wd{¿k]0fflka'Wot] . cg]g 1fot] zlQm/]j wd{M,
wd{ PjzlStM . zlQmtŒj:oPtt\ lrGtg+ wd{:o dxŒjd\, ;+;f/:o ;j]{ dg'iofM1ftf1ft¿k]0fPsl:dg\
cl:tTj+ r pb\3f6olt . wd]{ cfs[i6fejlGt . tTkZrfl4dfgjfhLjg:o ;kmntfofM
;+jn+ k|fKg'jlGt . otf] lx /fi6«:o s[t] ;dfh:o
s[t] clkdg'iof0ff+ e"ldsf sf ejtLltlrGtg+
wd]{0f}j ljwLot] .
j}lbs;gftgwdf{g';f/+
s]rghgfhuHhggL+ huGdft/+
zQm]M ;|f]tMdGoGt] . s]rg ;/:jtL+
jfnIdL+ jf pdf+ d"nk|s[lt+ jfzQm]M
;|ft] MdGoGt].ty}js]rgfMa|Xdlji0f'lzj]EoMzQm]M;|ft] +
:jLs'j{lGt . s]rgfMcJoQm+ jf s]rgfMOi6b]j+
r zQm]M ;|f]t+ dGoGt] . PtfjtfoMcf/fWof] ejlt,
oMOi6f] e jltjfoqkf/nf} l sssNof0fd\
cfTolGts;'vfg'e"ltjf{ejlt tb]j zQm]M
;|f]tf]ejlt .
cgBtgsfn:oPsfsyfcq
?lrs/f ejtLltdTjfbz{ofld – zQm]M
oyfy{:j¿k:o1fg+ g nAWjfa|é0ffeujTof
:t'ltMljlxtfcf;Lt\ . :t'tf}a|éfaefif] – x]
dft ¤ clåtLoaétŒj:ogfDgfjl0f{tf;f
PjzlQmMcyjfcGoflåtLofsflrt\
:qLzlQmMjt{t] . a|é0fMlh1f;fof+ b]jLpjfr
wd]{0fljgfdfgj;dfh:odfgjljsf;:o rzfZjt+ –
cl:tTj+ ult~r1ft'+ g zSot] . ;dfh:o ;gftgsfof{l0f, ;b}sTj+ g e]bf]›l:t ;j{b}j ddf:o r, of]›;f} ;fxdx+
23 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
of]›;f} e]bf]›l:tdltlje|dft\ .
gfx+ :qL g k'df+Zrfx+ g SnLa+ ;u{;+Ifo] .;u]{ ;ltlje]bM
:oft\ slNktf]›o+ låwfk'gM - b]jLefujtd\_
cyf{t\ tqTjlo -aél0f_dlo r sf]›lk
e]bf] gfl:t . cfjf+ Ps}j :jM . of] a|éfcl:t ;fx+
cl:d . a'l4e]b]g Pj k[yStfofcg'ejf]ejlt . cgof
/LTof b]Jofa|é0f] :j:ooyfy{¿k+ jl0f{tdf;Lt\ .
b'uf{;KtzTog';f/+ zQm]M ljljw+ ¿k+ ljeflt, oyfdxfsfnL,
dxfnIdL, dxf;/:jtL r . PifflqzlQmo'tfb]jL lx
dlxiff;'/–/StaLh–z'De–lgz'DefbLg\ b'i6fg\ h3fg.
cå}tjfbLz+s/frfof]›lkcå}
{ tjfb:otŒjfy{zQm]
+ dx{ Œj+k|bz{og\syolt–
cå}tgfDgL k/d]iffzlQmM . obfdg'ioMb}jLzlQmo'QmMejlt,
tbf lx ; eujT;b[zM;GdfgjMejlt .
;fPjhuHhggLdxfzlQmMk|s[ltgfDgfclk1fot],
pRot] r . k|s[ltlx{¿kj}leGGo]g aLhfª\s'/fbLgf+
;GttLgf+ hGdbbflt . t]iff+ ;+xf/dlksfnrqm¿lk0fL
b]jL s/f]lt . ;f+Vobz{gfg';f/]0f ;Œj/htd;f+ lqu'0ffgf+
;fDofj:yfk|s[ltMejlt . t:of+ ;fDofj:yfofd]j
dg'ioMdg'ioTj:o1fg+st'k|+{ ejlt.obf;Œju'0f:ok|wfgtfejlt,
tbfdg'io] lbJotfpb]lt, ttM ;ljZjaGw'Tj]
u0ot] . tdf]u'0f:ok|wfgtfof+dg'ioMst{Jofst{Joof]M
ljrlntMejlt . ktgf]Gd'vZrhfot] . /hf]u'0f:ok|wfgtfof+
k|s[TofdxQŒjflbqof]lj+zlttŒjfgf+ ;[li6Mhfot] . ttM
;+;f/M b/Lb[Zot] . j]bfGtbz{gfg';f/+ zlStMlå¿kfejlt
– ljBf›ljBfe]b]g . ljBfzQm]M cfTolGts+ ;'v+
df]IfZrk|fKot] . cljBofaGwg+ ldnlt .of ljBf
k/dfd'Qm]M x]g'e"tf ;gftgL, ;+;f/aGwx]t'Zr ;}j
;j]{Zj/]Zj/L . cgofPj /LTofcGoflgbz{gflgclkzQm]M
ljj]rg+ s'j{lGt . tfd]j b]jL+ dfofjtf/¿k]0fflkj0f{olGt
zf:qfl0f . lji0f'dfofgfDgfclk b]JofM kl/rof] nEot] .
;KtzTof+ …lji0f'dfof+ k|t'i6'j'MOltslyt+ jt{t] . s]rgfljåf+;M
tf+ zlQm+ a|édlxifLgfDgfclkhfglGt . t] syolGt –…;tf+
zQm]aL{h+ Tjdl; k/aédlxifLM . tfd]j sNof0fk|bflogL+
zlQ+mlzjfgfDgfclk;Daf]wolGtzf:qfl0f . lglj{£gtfk"j{s+
sfo{l;Woy{+,ljhofy{+,zfGToy{+ r ;f PjzlQmMdfof,
r]tgf, a'l4M, nHhfOToflb¿k]0fk|ltli7tfejlt . jo+
j]bdtfjnlDagM ;gftg;+:sf/:o cg'sfl/0fM z/btf{}
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 24
k|;Ggtof b]Jofk"hg+ :t'lt+ r s"d{M . gjlbgko{Gt+ b]Jofk"hg+
ljwfobzdlbg] k|;fb¿k]0fbWoIftfM, ojfª\s/' f+Zru[íLdM .
zlQmkL7]EouTjfk"hf+ kf7+ r s"d{M . Piffc:dfs+ k/Dk/f
jt{t] . ty}j gjlbgko{Gt+ b]JofgjleMgfdleM -z}nk'qL,
a|érfl/0fL, rGb|306f, s"idf08f, :sGbdftf, sfTofogL,
sfn/flqM, dxfuf}/L, l;l4bfqL r]ltgfdleM_ r cEor{gf+
s"d{M . zQm]M k|;fb]g}j /fdM /fj0f+ h]t'+ k|fejt\ Oltc:dfs+
dfGotfkf}/fl0fssyg+ r jt{t] . /fd:oljho+ :d[Tjf jo+
tb\ lbg+ ljhofbzdLgfDgfclk ;Daf]wofdM .
of b]jL ;j{e"t]if' dft[¿k]0f ;+l:ytf .
gd:t:o} gd:t:o} gd:t:o} gdf] gdM ..ï
–hot';+:s[td
sflQs -kj{ tyf ljbf_
! ut] 36:yfkgf, gj/fqf/De, dftfdx>f4
$ ut] dËnrf}yL
% ut] krnL e}/jofqf
^ ut] ljNj lgdGq0ff
& ut] km"nkftL, gjklqsf k|j]z
* ut] dxfi6dLj|t, sfn/flq, uf]/vsfnLk"hf
( ut] dxfgjdL, af}4fjtf/
!) ut] ljhofbzdL, bz}Fsf] 6Lsf, v8\uofqf,
b]jLlj;h{g
!! ut] kfkfª\s'zf PsfbzLj|t, cGgk"0ff{ofqf
!@ ut] k|bf]ifj|t,
!# ut] sf]hfu|tj|t,
!$ ut] k"l0f{dfj|t, sflt{s:gfg cf/De,
cfsfzbLkbfg cf/De, /f;dxf]T;j
@# ut] ci6dLj|t, uf]/vsfnLk"hf, /fwfi6dL
@% ut] kmNu'gfgGb hoGtL
@^ ut] /dfPsfbzLj|t
@& ut] k|bf]ifj|t, uf]jT;åfbzL, odbLkbfg
@* ut] sfultxf/, wGdGt/L hoGtL, wgqof]bzL
@( ut] s's'/ltxf/ g/srt'b{zL, nIdLk"hf
bLkdflnsf, ;'v/flq, ljZj dw'd]o lbj;
#) ut] ufOuf]?k"hf, Dxk"hf, cf}+;L
u
ljz]iftf
ljifok|:yfg
g]kfnLx¿n] xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy dgfpg] dxfg\ rf8
bz}F zlQm pkf;gfsf] dxÎjk"0f{ kj{ ljz]if xf] . b]jL
efujtdf atfOPsf rf/ gj/fq dWo] z/b Ct'df kg]{
ePsfn] o;nfO{ zf/bLo gj/fq, ;fdfGo hglha|f]sf]
af]nLdf bz}F / g]jf/L k/Dk/fdf df]lxgL gvM cyf{t
dVv kfg]{ rf8 cflb gfdn] ;Daf]lwt ul/G5 . bz}+df
cflZjg z'Sn k|ltkbfb]lv gjdLko{Gt b'uf{ ejfgLsf]
k"hf cf/fwgf ug]{ / bzdLsf] lbgdf zf:qLo ljwfg
cg';f/ b'uf{ lj;h{g u/L dfGohgsf] xftaf6 6Lsf
hd/f u|x0f u/L cflZjg z'Sn sf]hfu|t k"l0f{df;Dd
dgfpg] k/Dk/f 5 .
>Ldb\b]jLefujtdf atfOP cg';f/ q]tfo'usf]
cGTodf dof{bf k'?iff]Qd eujfg\ /fdrGb|n] ljZj–
sNof0fsf lglDt dg'iofjtf/ lnPsf] / cflZjg z'Snsf]
gj/fqdf eujtLsf] pkf;gf u/]/ ljhof bzdLsf]
;fOtdf n°fdf /fj0fsf lj?4 o'4 ug{ k|:yfg u/]sf]
/ /fj0f dfly ljho k|fKt u/]sf] k|;Ë pNn]v 5 .
gj/yfdf gjb'uf{sf gf} ¿k z}nk'qL -;Defjgf zlQm_,
a|Xdrfl/0fL -r'DasLo zlQm_, rGb|306f -Wjlg zlQm_,
s'idf08f -/f;folgs zlQm_, :sGbdftf -cfsif{0f
zlQm_, sfTofogL -a|Xdf08Lo s]Gb| zlQm_, sfn/fqL
-k|;f/0f zlQm_, dxfuf}/L -k|sfz zlQm_ / l;l4bfqL
-ljB'tLo zlQm_ sf] pkf;gf ul/G5 . g]jf/ ;d'bfon]
ci6dft[sf cyf{t\ a|Xdfo0fL -;[li6_, dfx]Zj/L -;+xf/_,
sf}df/L -g]t[Tj_, gf/fo0fL -l:ylt_, af/fxL -;+/If0f_,
OGb|fo0fL -zf;g_, rfd'08f-t]h_ / dxfnIdL -P]Zjo{_
sf] k"hf pkf;gf ub}{ df]lxgL gvM dgfpg] u5{g\ .
36:yfkgfdflysf] j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f
clZjg z'Sn k|ltkbfsf lbgb]lv ;gftgLox¿n]
cfˆgf] s'n cfrf/ cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ ju{n] 36 -38f_
sf] :yfkgf u/L dxfsfnL, dxfnIdL / dxf;/:jtLsf]
zf:qf]Qm ljlwn] cfjxfg u/L k"hg ub{5g\ . tfdfsf]
–;GbLk ;fksf]6f
38f jf df6fsf] 3}6fdf ufO{sf] uf]a/ 6fF;]/ hf} 5/L
36:yfkgf ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] kfOG5 . 38fdf uf]a/
6fF:g'sf] k5fl8 j}1flgs sf/0f /x]sf] 5 . uf]a/df
cg]s k|sf/sf xflgsf/s ls6f0f' gfz ug]{ Ifdtf /x]sf]
x'G5 . uf]a/n] lnk]sf] e"lddf jf uf]a/ /x]sf] 7fpFdf
e"tk|]t cfpg g;Sg] / uf]a/n] h}ljs cf}iflwsf ¿kdf
sfd ug]{ ePsfn] k~ruJodf ;d]t o;nfO{ ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] 5 .
36:yfkgf ubf{ k|fozM df6fsf] 38f k|of]u ul/G5
lsgeg] df6f] k[YjLsf] c+u xf] . IfdfzLntf / wf/0f
ug]{ u'0f k[YjLdf /x]sf] 5 . k[YjL lji0f'sL zlQm x'g\
/ df6f]df kfk x6fpg] Ifdtf ;d]t /x]sf] tYo xfdLn]
zf:qdf kfpg ;S5f}F / sxLsxLF tfdfsf] 38fsf] klg
k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . tfdf klg k[YjLsf] ue{af6
lgsflnPsf] xf], k[YjLs} c+z xf] . 36:yfkgf ubf{ hf}
6fF:g] k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . hf}sf] hd/f pdfg'{sf] tfTko{
hf}sf] u'0f xf] .
hf}df b'w ;dfgsf kf]ifs tÎjx¿ kfOG5 ;fy}
cf}ifwLo u'0fx¿ k|r'/ dfqfdf /x]sf] x'G5 . hf} ;a}
eGbf klxn] ;[li6 ePsf] cGg dflgG5 / ;j{yf z'4
dflgG5 . ofl1s sfo{x¿df klg b]ju0fx¿nfO{ xlj
ck{0f ug{ agfOg] r? ufO{sf] z'4 £o"df hf} d'5]/
agfOG5 / lkt[ sfo{x¿df klg lkt[u0fx¿nfO{ hf}sf]
lk08bfg ul/G5 . 36:yfkgf ubf{ z'4 hnn] k"0f{
36df eujtLsf] cfXjfg ul/G5 . c? t/n kbfy{sf]
;6\6f hnsf] k|of]u ug'{sf] sf/0f hn k~rtÎjdWo]sf]
Ps tÎj xf] . hn k[YjLdf hLjg ;DefJotfsf] k|d'v
;"qfwf/ xf], k|f0fLnfO{ hnn] g} arfpg ;S5 . o;/L
hLjgsf] k"0f{tfsf nflu cfjZos tÎjx¿sf] k"hg
/ k|s[ltdf cGtlg{lxt zlQmnfO{ pmhf{df kl/0ft u/L
cfkm"df lj:tfl/t ug'{ g} bz}F dgfpg'sf] d'Vo p2]Zo
xf] .
;KtztLsf] tLg rl/q / @! cf}F ztfAbLdf
25 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
;fGble{stf
dfs{08]o k'/f0fsf] ;fj0fL{ dGjGt/ cGtu{tsf]
b'uf{ ;KtztL r08Ldf eujtLsf tLg rl/qsf] j0f{g
ul/Psf] 5 . k|yd rl/qdf dxfsfnL / cgflbsfndf
lji0f'sf] gfleaf6 k|s6 ePsf] ;x;|bnsf] sdndf
pTklQ ePsf a|XdfhL, lji0f'sf] s0f{dn -sfg]u'hL_af6
k|s6 ePsf b'O{ zlQmzfnL dxfbfgj dw' / s}6esf]
af/]df j0f{g 5 . a|XdfhLn] eujtL of]udfofsf] dfgl;s
pkf;gf u/L bfgjx¿n] b'Mv lbPsf] s'/f eujtLnfO{
cg'/f]w u/] . eujtLn] cfˆgf] of]uann] lji0f'nfO{ hfuf
u/fO{ bfgjx¿sf] ;+xf/ u/L ;[li6 qmd a;fpg k]|l/t
ug'{eof] .
dWod rl/qdf eujtL dxfnIdL -b'uf{_sf]
pTklQ / dxf/fIf; dlxiff;'/sf] cft+s / b'uf{åf/f
dlxifjwsf] af/]df j0f{g 5 . dlxiff;'/n] b'Mv lbPsfn]
;fx|} cflht ePsf b]ju0fx¿ dxfb]jsf] z/0fdf uP
/ dxfb]jsf] k|]/0ffdf ;a} b]ju0fsf] d'vaf6 t]h/fzL
pTkGg eof] . t]h/fzLaf6 ljzfn Hof]lt k'~hsf]
lgdf{0f eof] . ToxL t]hk'~haf6 eujtL dxfnIdLsf]
pTklQ eof] / b]ju0fx¿n] cfˆgf–cfˆgf zf:qf:qåf/f
eujtLnfO{ ;'zf]let u/] . dlxiff;'/;Fu eujtLsf] 7"nf]
/0f;+u|fd eof] / gjf}F lbg;Ddsf] o'4df a/fa/L ePsf]
/ bzf}F lbgsf] lbgdf eujtLn] dlxiff;'/ jw u/]sf]
k|;+u pNn]v 5 . oxLaf6 g} bz}Fsf] cf}krfl/s yfngL
ePsf] eGg] dt ljåfg\x¿n] lbPsf 5g\ . pQ/ rl/qdf
dxf;/:jtLsf] rl/q / z'De lgz'De tyf /QmaLhsf]
jwsf] af/]df j0f{g 5 . klxnf dxf;/:jtLn] z'De /
lgz'Desf] jw ug'{eof] . /QmaLh eujtL;Fu o'4 ug{
tTk/ eof] t/ Ps yf]kf /ut e'OFdf em/] klg pm ;dfg
anzfnL b}To k|s6 x'g yfn] . of] b]v]/ eujtLn] sfnL
¿k wf/0f ug'{eof] / Ps yf]kf /ut e'OFdf emg{ glbO{
/QmaLhsf] /ut ;dfKt kf/]/ /QmaLh ;+xf/ ug'{eof] .
;KtztL r08Lsf oL tLg ;Tf\ rl/q / c;t\
rl/q clxn] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdf klg plQs} ;fGble{s
5g\ . k|yd rl/qsf dxfsfnL / dw's}6en] ;dfhdf
/x]sf zf/Ll/s an, /fhgLlts an, cflb h:tf andf
3d08 ug]{ dflysf] bdg ug{ zlQm k|fKt ug'{ eGg]
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 26
;Gb]z lbG5 . s;}n] xfdL dfly an k|b{zg u5{ eg]
xfdLn] klg To; andfly ;dfg ann] bdg ug'{k5{ t/
;Tosf] kIfdf . bf];|f] rl/q dxfnIdL / dlxiff;'/n] klg
;do ;fGble{s ;Gb]z lbG5 . dxfnIdL cyf{t\ tLg
nf]s rf}w e'jgsf] dflnSgLnfO{ dlxiff;'/n] wgdbn]
an k|b{zg u¥of] / dbn] ubf{ cGTo ef]Ug' k¥of] .
clxn]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf xfdL klg wgjfg\ x'g} k5{ tfsL
s;}n] xfdLnfO{ wgn] bdg ug{ g;sf];\ . wgfh{g
ug{ sd{ ug'{k5{, Tof] eg]sf] pBd ug'{ eg]sf] xf] .
t];|f] rl/q dxf;/:jtL / /QmaLh xf] . o; k|;+un]
ljZj ;dfhdf o:tf k|fl1s ult/f]wx¿ cfpg ;S5g\,
ljleGg if8\oGqx¿ /lrg ;S5g\, To:tf ;d:ofx¿sf]
lg/fs/0fsf] nflu Pjd\ /Ltn] xfdL ljBfjfg\ x'g'k5{
eGg] xf] .
gj/fqL k"hf
gj/fqsf] ;ftf}F lbg ;KtdLdf ljz]if cf/fwfgfsf
;fy hd/f3/df gjklqsf leœofOG5 . k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfxaf6 ljzfn g]kfnsf] PsLs/0fsf] cleofgdf
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ljhokl5 bz}+df uf]/vfsf]
uf]/vsfnL dlGb/af6 sf7df8f}+df km"nkftL Nofpg]
rng z'? ePsf] xf] . h'g lg/Gt/ /lxcfPsf] 5 .
km"nkftL du/ hfltsf] k"hf/Ln] dfq leœofpg]] rng
5 . s]/f, bfl/d, wfgsf] jfnf, a];f/sf] af]6, dfgs, sr",
a]nkq, czf]s, hoGtLsf] af]6 oL gf} rLh gjklqsfsf
¿kdf sf]t3/ j;Gtk'/df leœofPkl5 sf7df8f}F
6'l8Fv]ndf xif{ a9fOF x'G5 clg dfq pkTosfjf;Lx¿n]
3/3/df km"nkftL leœofpF5g\ . gjklqsf leœofpg]
sd{ k|ToIf ¿kdf hd/f3/df k|s[ltsf] :yfkgf xf] .
gjklqsf leœofPkl5 eujtLnfO{ d"n gIfqo'Qm ltlydf
;/:jtLsf] cfXjfg ul/G5 . t/ sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf
df]lxgL gvMsf ¿kdf bz}F dgfpg] g]jf/ ;d'bfox¿n]
km"nkftL leœofpFb}gg\ .
dxfci6dLsf] lbgdf b'uf{ejfgLsf] ljz]if k"hf
x'G5 . zlQmkL7x¿df 3'OFrf] g} nfUg] u/L dflg;x¿n]
eujtLsf] k"hf u5{g\ . o;} lbgdf hd/f /fVg]x¿n]
lbgdf, ;fFemdf jf cfwf/ftdf sfn/fqL ;lxt
ci6dft[sf, rf}F;7L of]lugL, ci6e}/j, eLd;]g,
If]qkfn, ;j{tf]eb| b]jtf, lnËtf]eb| b]jtf, >LoGq
cflbsf] k"hf u5{g\ . To:t}, eujtLsf z:qc:q ;lDem
xftxltof/x¿df aln ck{0f u/]/ k"hf u5{g\ . sltko
dflg;n] hLa aln glbOsg l3/f}Fnf, gl/jn, d"nf,
pv', s'le08f], cflb zfsfxf/L j:t'sf] aln ck{0f
u5{g\ . xfd|f] wd{zf:qn] /fhz, tfd; of ;flTjs
k"hfljlw rog ug{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . aln glbO{ klg
k"hf ug{ ;lsG5 t/ a8fbz}+df cf/fwgf ub}{ dxfsfnL,
dxfnIdL / dxf;/:jtL :j¿kf b'uf{ejfgLsf nflu
eg] clwsf+zn] aln r9fpF5g\ . aln¿kdf JolQmdf
/xg] sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db / dfT;o{ oL if8\
ljsf/x¿sf] cfx'lt eujtL b'uf{ ejfgLsf] ;dIf ug'{ g}
jf:tljs aln xf] .
df]lxgL gvM rf8 dgfpg] g]jf/L ;d'bfon]
ci6dLsf] lbgb]lv tflGqs ljlwaf6 df]lxgL yfKg] sfd
u5{g\ . df]xgL cyf{t\ sfnf] 6Lsf . bz}FnfO{ df]lxgL
gvMsf ¿kdf dgfpg] g]jf/L ;d'bfon] df]lxgLnfO{ g}
o; rf8sf] k|d'v cfs{if0f dfGb5g\ . df]xgL u|x0f
ug'{ eg]sf] c?sf] s'b[li6af6 aRg eujtLsf] z/0ffut
x'g' xf] . gjdLsf] lbg ljz]if u/L eujtL lqz'lngLsf]
k"hf, sGofk"hf / jfxgk"hf ub}{ b}nfdf df/ xfGg]
egL eujtLnfO{ aln ck{0f ug]{ k/Dk/f oBkL sfod
g} 5 . o; lbgdf eLd;]g, e}/j, s'df/, s'df/Lsf]
k"hf u/L cfˆgf] ;jf/L;fwg, Jofkf/df :yfkgf u/]sf]
d]l;gcflbsf] ;d]t k"hf ul/G5 . km"nsf] ;6\6f hd/f
r9fOG5 .
ljhof bzdLsf] lbgdf hof / ljhofsf ;fydf
eujtL ck/flhtfsf] ljz]if k"hf x'G5 . To; kZrft\ b]jL
lj;{hg u/L 3/sf] ysfnLn] k"hf sf]7fdf s'nb]jtf,
Oi6 b]jtf, u[xdftf, cGgk"0ff{sf] k"hf u/L qmdzM
h]i7tfsf cfwf/df zlQmdftfsf] dxfk|;fb :j¿k hd/f
/ 6Lsf cfzLj{rgsf ;fy nufO lbG5g\ . of] 6Lsf
nufpg'df klg sf/0f l5k]sf] 5 .
lgwf/df s'08lngLsf] cf1f rqml:yt x'G5 .
/ftf] 6Lsf zlQmsf] k|tLs ePsf sf/0f o;n] cf1f
rqmdf s'08lngL zlQmnfO{ tNnf rqmx¿af6 lvRg
d2t u/L ;x;|f/ rqm;Dd k7fpg d2t u5{ . o;af6
k"0f{tM s'08nL hfu/0f x'G5 / k'gZrM hGdd[To'sf] ej
aGwgdf kg'{kb}{g eGg] dfGotf ;gftgLo lxGb'x¿df
/x]sf] x'G5 . cflbjf;L hghfltx¿n] bxL / cIftf
xfn]/ d'5]sf] 6Lsf nufpg] u5{g\ . of] ;]tf] 6Lsf eGf]sf]
zflGt / ;flTjs u'0ffTds pmhf{sf] k|tLs xf] . 6Lsf
lxGb'x¿sf] klxrfg xf] . ef/tdf a]nfotL ;fd|fHosf]
bafadf lqml:rogn] 6Lsfdfly s8f k|ltaGw nufPsf]
x'gfn] 6Lsf nufpg 5f]8] klg ef/tLox¿n] bz}+nfO{
bzx/fsf ¿kdf xif]{Nnf;k"j{s dgfpF5g\ . o;/L gf}
lbg;Dd zlQm:j¿lk0fL dftf eujtLsf] pkf;gf u/L
bzdLsf] lbg dfGohg Pjd\ u'?hgx¿sf] xftaf6
k|;fbsf] ¿kdf 6Lsf / hd/f nufpgfn] jif{lbg;Dd
b'Mv, b'le{If, b'ef{Uo lgjf/0f eO{ k|]d, ;b\efj / cfo',
cf/f]Uo j[l4 x'G5 eGg] wfld{s ljZjf; /lxcfPsf] 5 .
bz}+ kj{sf] cfWoflTds kIfsf] p7fg ubf{ jf
o;nfO{ s]nfpFbf df};d lj1fg, z/L/ lj1fg / Jojxf/
lj1fg cflb If]qnfO{ ;Fu} hf]8]/ x]g{'kg]{ x'G5 . h:tf],
olta]nfsf] ;do eg]sf] Ct' kl/jt{gsf] ;do xf] .
bz}F kj{ z/b Ct'df kb{5 . z/b Ct'sf] ;do eg]sf]
k|s[ltsf] To:tf] ;lGw ;do xf] h;n] udL{ -tftf]_ ;do
/ zLt -lr;f]_ ;donfO{ hf]8\g] k'nsf] sfd ul//x]sf]
x'G5 . olta]nfb]lv g} k|s[ltdf la:tf/} udL{ ;lsP/
hf8f] cfpg z'¿ u/]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf h;/L
df};ddf kl/jt{g cfO/x]sf] x'G5, To;}u/L z/L/n] klg
To;nfO{ krfpg ;f]xL cg';f/ tof/L cj:yfdf /xg'kg]{
x'G5 . cGoyf df};ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ z/L/n]
krfpg g;sL /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . To;}n]
o; kj{n] olta]nf ckgfpg'kg]{ vfgkfg / j|tf]kjf;sf]
dfWodaf6 z/L/nfO{ ;f]xL cg';f/ kl/jt{gsf]
cj:yfdf Nofpg vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . ljz]iftM olta]nf
gf} lbg;Dd zlQm pkf;gf ug{ /flvPsf] k|fjwfgn]
klg oxL tYo phfu/ ub{5 . cyf{t\ olta]nf zlQm
pkf;gf ug{'kg]{ k|fjwfg /flvg'sf] cfzo ;f]xL df};ddf
cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ krfpg cfjZos zlQmsf] vf]h
ug{ nufpg' g} /x]sf] a'lemG5 / olta]nf h'g lsl;dsf]
cfxf/ljxf/ / vfgkfgsf] lgod tf]lsPsf] 5, o;nfO{
dgg ubf{ klg oxL g} tYo phfu/ x'g cfpF5 .
27 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
 ;f+:s[lts b[li6sf]0fdf bz}+ kj{ g]kfnLkg /
k/Dk/fsf] hLjGt w/f]x/sf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . x'gt
bz}+ kj{ lxGb' ;+:s[ltsf] pkh ePsf]n] of] lxGb'x¿sf]
dfq kj{ xf] eGg] egfO klg lxhf]cfh obfsbf p7\g]
u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ oyfy{ eg] of]eGbf lgtfGt leGg
5 . lxGb'x¿ t ljZjsf cGo d'n'sdf klg kfpg
;lsG5 . t/ g]kfndf h;/L bz}+ kj{ dgfOG5, Tof]
k/Dk/f lg;Gb]x g]kfnLx¿df dfq ;Lldt 5 / h'g;'s}
j0f{ ;Dk|bfosf eP klg ;f/f g]kfnL dfqn] g} o;
kj{nfO{ plQs} >4fk"j{s dgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . lxGb'
dfqn] geO{ g]kfnsf af}4 wdf{anDaLx¿n] klg bz}F
dgfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
bz}+ ;du|df g]kfnL dfqs} /fli6«o kj{ x'g k'u]sf]
5 . :jefljs ¿kdf hxfF;'s} /x]a;]sf eP klg
lgwf/df /ftf] 6Lsf / sfgdf kx]+nf] hd/f b]Vg]lalQs}
ToxfF g]kfn / g]kfnLkgsf] ;'jf; cfpg] ub{5 . o;
cy{df eGg'kbf{ o; kj{n] ;du| /fi6«s} klxrfg af]s]sf]
k|i6} cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . bz}+ kj{sf] ;fdflhs dxÎj
klg plQg} dxÎjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . sfd ljz]ifn] hxfF;'s}
k'u]sf ePklg ;f/f g]kfnLx¿ cfkm"eGbf ;fgfnfO{
cfzLjf{b lbg / 7"nfaf6 cfzLjf{b lng ;s];Dd 3/
hfg]cfpg] k|of; ub{5g\ . o; cy{df eGg'kbf{ o;
ljhof bzdL, z'e lbkfjnL tyf 57 kj{–
@)&& sf] kfjg cj;/df b]z ljb]zdf
/xg'x'g] ;d:t bfh'efO, lbbLalxgLx¿df
;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4 / pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf]
sfdgf ub}{ xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm
ub{5f}+ .
Hof]= gf/fo0fk|;fb ltdlN;gf
Hof]ltif tyf jf:t' k/fdz{ s]Gb|,
kz'klt, sf7df8f}+
;Dks{M )!–%@$!!%)
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 28
kj{nfO{ hxfF;'s} /x]a;]sf eP klg ;f/f g]kfnLnfO{
jif{sf] Psk6s cfkmGt;Fu e]63f6 u/fpg ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] dxÎjk"0f{ s8Lsf] ¿kdf t o;} klg lng
;lsG5 .
;fgfnfO{ z'eflzif lbg] / 7"nfaf6 lng] k/Dk/fn]
olb sf]xL s;}df jif{lbgel/sf] cjlwdf 6f]n, l5d]s,
Pjd\ cfkmGtx¿ / kl/jf/hgaLr s'g} l/;, /fu jf å]if
knfpg uPsf] /x]5 eg] To;nfO{ d]6fP/ k|]d / ;b\efj
j[l4 ug]{ kj{sf] ¿kdf ;d]t lng ;lsG5 . bz}+ dfGg]
xfd|f] cfˆg} lsl;dsf] df}lns / cfif{ k/Dk/f 5 .
bz}+s} sf/0f ljb]lzPsf] 5f]/f] 3/ cfpF5 . jif{lbg
cl3b]lv k/b]z uPsf] >Ldfgsf] 3/ kmls{g] af6f]
x]/]/ a;]sL >LdtLn] Gofgf] e]6 kfpFl5g\ . lkt[3/
5f]8L klt3/nfO{ g} cfˆgf] 3/ dfgL a;]sL TofusL
k|ltd"lt{ tyf dfof / ddtfsL vfgL r]nLn] dfOtLsf]
bz{g kfpFl5g\ . bz}+n] 3/, kl/jf/, 6f]n, l5d]s /
cfkmGthgx¿aLr å]if / snxsf] t'if kmfnL k|]d /
;b\efj hufpF5 . ;DejtM ;+;f/df olt a9L ljljw
kIfsf] wgL kj{sf] vf]hL ubf{ cGt st} klg kfpg
;lsGg . o;afx]s o;af6 w]/yf]/ cfGtl/s / afXo
ko{6gdf ;xof]u k'lu/x]sf] tYonfO{ klg la;{g
ldNb}g .ï –sf7df8f}F– !$, sn+sL:yfg
ljhof bzdL, z'e lbkfjnL tyf 57 kj{–
@)&& sf] kfjg cj;/df b]z ljb]zdf
/xg'x'g] ;d:t ;gftg wdf{jnDaL bfh'efO,
lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4 / pQ/f]Q/
k|ultsf] sfdgf ub}{ xflb{s z'esfdgf JoQm
ub{5f}+ .
/fli6«o k'/f]lxt ;+3
uf}/L3f6 sf7df8f}+
;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt, / :jwd{sf] /Iffsf] nflu /Fli6«o
em08f / cf]dsf/sf] em08fd'gL uf]na4 agf}+ Û
u
t'ngf
xfdLn] jif{el/df dgfpg] hlt rf8 kj{x¿ 5g\ tL
;a} g} dfgjLo tyf ;fdflhs dof{bf :yflkt u/fpg]
lj1fg;Ddt bz{go'Qm 5g\ . o;df klg bz} rf8sf]
:yfg / sfd b'j} ljlzi6 5 .
Ct'rqmdf cflZjg÷sflt{s dlxgfdf kg]{ z/b
Ct'nfO{ /f]uf]krf/b]lv cGo ;b\sd{sf] nflu cg'sn
;do atfOPsf] 5 . o;/L dfgj sNof0f cyf{t cfTd
kl/isf/sf] nflu ul/g] zlQm ;fwgf kj{ bz} o;
;dodf ldnfOPsf] k|li6G5 . pTs[i6 dfgj aGgsf]
nflu cfjZos anx¿– :jf:Yoan, ljBfan, wgan,
ldqan, rft'oa{ n, k|lti7fan, ;fx;an cfTdan /
w}oa{ nÙ oL gaansf] ;d"Rro ¿k dflglG5g\ b'uf{ .
o:tL zlQm :j¿lk0fL gjb'uf{sf] pkf;gfaf6 z'? x'G5
bz} kj{ .
r08Ldf b]jLn] bfgjdfly ljho u/]sf] k|s/0f
b]vfOPsf] 5 . o;n] s';:+ sf/ dfly ;';:+ sf/sf] ljho
x'G5 egL bzf{Psf] 5 . cfTd kl/isf/ k|lqmof cToGt
ulx/f] tyf ;"Id k|lqmof xf] . z'4 vfgkfg, lrGtg /
rl/qo'Qm eO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf k|fs[lts lgoddf /xL
zlQmsf] pkf;gfaf6 cfTd kl/isf/ x'G5 . o;} lgltnfO{
k|of]u ul/g] ljlwo'Qm rf8 xf] bz} .
bz}d+ f ljZj a|Xdf08sf] lj/f6 :j¿ksf] k|tLs
snzdf gjzlQmsL >f]t ljZjdftfsf] :yfkgf u/L
pkf;gf, hk, Wofg, ;fwgf, cg'i7fg, k'/ir/0f cflbaf6
;b\zlQm cfh{g ul/G5 . k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f
;Daw{gsf nflu ;fd'lxs ;b\sfo{ :j¿k km'nkftL
leœofOG5 . cWof/f]af6 pHofnf]df nfuf}+ eGg] r]tsf
;fy zlQmsf] ;b'kof]usf nflu xltof/ k'hg x'G5 .
ci6dL ltlydf nf]e, df]x, Oiof{, å]if, cx+sf/ -k~rjnL_
sf] ;dk{0f ub}{ k"hf x'G5 . gjdL kj{df ul/g] k"hfn]
OlGb|osf] dof{bf, cfGtl/s zlQm ljsf;sf] cg'el" t
cyf{t cfˆgf] kz' a'l4dfly b]j a'l4sf] cfTd1fg
lbnfpF5 .
tkaf6 kz'Tjdfly ldn]sf] ljhon] 7"nfsf] ;Ddfg,
;fgfsf]] ;+/If0f ug'k{ g]{ efj ;fy} cflTdotf ljsf; ub{5 .
;fljqL sfˆn]
ljhof bzdLdf u|x0f ul/g] 6Lsf, hd/fn] em'sfasf] /
Tofusf] efjgfdf j[l4 ub{5 . hd/fnfO{ lz/f]wfo{ ugf{n]
zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s cf/f]Uotf ldNb5 . k|ltkbfb]lv
k"l0f{df;Ddsf] ;don] ;dfhdf k|d] sf] Jofkstf, ;fdflhs
Pstf, dfgf]dflnGodf ;fldKotfsf] :yfkgf, s6'tfdf
' dw'/tfsf] j[l4 cyf{t ;fdflhs Pstf sfod /fVb5 .
sf]hfu|t k"l0f{dfdf rGb|dfsf] k"0f{ k|sfzn] gj/fqsf
tkaf6 s;df slt, s'g :t/sf] zlQm hfu[t eof] egL
Goflos ;dLIff ub{5 .
bz}d+ f hf]l8Psf ;a} kIf ;flTjs 5g\ . t/,
cfhef]ln xfdL o;nfO{ ljk/Lt ultljlwtkm{ ws]Nb} 5f}+ .
;flTjs vfgkfgsf] ljk/Lt b'Jo{zgsf] dxfdf/Ldf e'ns ] f
5f}+ . ;fwf/0f j:qsf] ljk/Lt pR>[ª\vn sk8fsf] k|of]u
u5f{+} . ;DkGg ju{n] kmh'n vr{ ubf{ ljkGg ju{df lxgtf
;fy} cfqmf]z j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;DkGg / ljkGgju{df b'/L
a9\b5 } .
bz}s + f ;dodf tk ;fwgfsf] j[l4 ug'k{ g]d{ f h'jf
tf; h:tf ljs[ltdf cNdlnPsf 5f}+ . lgbf]z { kz'
xTofaf6 :jf:Yodf ljsf/ tyf lx+;|s dfgjsf] j[l4
e}/x]sf] 5 . alnsf gfddf cfdfsf] sfvdf x'g] pgs}
lgbf]z{ ;Gtfgsf] qm'/ xTofn] dfgjtfsf] lubf]{ rl/qnfO{
lrlqt u/]sf] 5 . b]jzlQmn] bfgjzlQmdfly ljho
kfPsf] pT;jsf ¿ksf xfdL bz}+ dgfpF5f}+ . t/, o:tf]
ljk/Lt sd{ ub}{ /Xof}+ eg] bfgja'l4 ;fd' b]ja'l4
k/flht x'gk' g]{ cj:yf cfpg ;S5 .
ha;Dd CifLk|l0ft gLltaf6 ;dfh rn]sf] lyof]
ta;Dd ljs[lt d'Qm ;Eo ;dfh lyof] . ca klg lu/]sf]
;EotfnfO{ p7fpg, st{Jolgi7 dfgjtfjfbL dof{lbt
Joltm, kl/jf/, ;dfh aGg log} ;"qx¿sf] k'ghf{u/0f
ug'e{ Gbf csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . o'uCifL k+= >L/fd zdf{
cfrf{oHo"sf] egfO 5– xfdL ;'lw|P ;dfh ;'lw|G5, xfdL
ablnP ;dfh ablnG5 . ctM xfdL ;a} g} ;b\dfu{tkm{
cu|;/ xf}+ . bz}+ rf8nfO{ bz}s
+ } ¿kdf dgfpF .ï
–ufoqL zlQmkL7, afF;af/L, sf7df8f}+
29 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
u

ljz]if

b]jtfsf dlGb/, d"lt{, k|ltdf, r}To nufotsf ;Dkbf

/x]sf 5g\ .
kz'kltgfy dlGb/df zfQm ;Dk|bfosf] cgf}7f]
;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . kz'kltgfysf] d"lt{sf] cWoog ubf{,
ljleGg dfnfn] cn+s[t b'j} cf]7df nfnL nufPsf],
lz/df >Lv08 rGbg, >LoGqsf] dWodf km';|f] l;Gb'/
–a?0f vltj8f nufPsf] b]lvG5 . o; cy{df kz'kltgfy lzjsf] dfq
geO{ dftf lzjfsf] ;d]t dlGb/ xf] eGg] a'lemG5 . rf/}
9f]sfdf * j6f l;+x /xg'n] klg >Lkz'kltgfy dlGb/
>Lkz'kltgfysf] k|fb'ef{j;Fu} ;d:t ;[li6, l:ylt
zfQmx¿sf] ;d]t dxÎjk"0f{ cflbkL7sf] ¿kdf /x]sf]
/ ;+xf/sf] cEo"bo ePsf] dflgG5 . kz'kltgfy
kfOG5 h;nfO{ Hof]ltkL{7 elgG5 . g]kfnsf ;a} b]jLsf]
lj/flht kfz'kt If]q 1fg / lj1fgsf] cWoog >f]t
dlGb/sf k'hf/L / >Lsf k'hf/Lx¿n] k"hf ubf{ nufpg]
xf] . of] cWofTd / cå}t If]qsf] ¿kdf k|frLg Pjd\
kf]zfs Ps}¿ksf 5g\ . d'Vo dlGb/ kl/;/df /x]sf
k'/ftg ;Eotf hf]l8Psf] If]q klg xf] . o; If]qsf]
k|d'v zlQm kL7x¿n] kz'kltgfy dlGb/ ;+/lIft klg
cjl:ylt / dlxdf eujfg\ >L/fdsf] ;do q]tf o'u,
5 . zfQmx¿sf] ;d]t d'Vo cf/fwgfsf] If]q /x]sf]
>Ls[i0fsf] ;do åfk/ o'u clg slno'udf ;d]t /x]sf]
kfz'kt kl/;/df lgDg zlQmkL7x¿ ;+/lIft 5g\ .
5.
u'Xo]Zj/L
ljleGg k'/ftflÎjs cGj]if0f clg cg';Gwfgaf6
k|fKt k|df0fsf cfwf/df dfgj ;Eotfsf] z'?jft
gbL lsgf/fdf ePsf] a'lemG5 . t/, kz'klt k'/f0f,
lzjdxfk'/f0f h:tf u|Gyn] kz'kltgfysf sf/0f ;a}
;Eotfsf] z'?jft ePsf] hgfpF5g\ . kfz'kt If]q j}lbs,
tflGqs, h}g, af}4dfuL{ Nfufot ljleGg :fDKf|bfosf]
pkf;Gff If]q xf] eg] uf0fkTo, :ff}o{ j}i0fj PJfd\ ZffQmsf]
;Df]t cf/fWo If]q xf] .
uf]kfnj+Zf, Dflxifkfn j+z, u'Kt, cfle/, ls/ft
lnR5jL, dNnb]lv cfw'lgs sfn;DDfsf /fi6«k|d'vb]lv
gful/s:t/;Ddaf6 kz'KfltGffy / kfZf'kt If]q k'lht
5 . kz'klt If]qdf O;fsf] ;dob]lvsf r}}To, d"lt{,
wf/f, kf]v/L, s'08, dlGb/ h:tf ;+/rgf clg snfsf
k|fdfl0fs ;+u|x kfOG5 . kz'klt If]qdf j}i0fj, uf0fkTo,
;f}o{, zfQm;Dk|bfo;lxt af}4dfuL{sf] klg ljlzi6 :yfg
jfUdtL gbLsf] pQ/jflxgL If]qsf] blIf0f Pjd\
/x]sf] 5 . ljleGg ;Dk|bfosf nflu pgLx¿sf Oi6
>Lkz'kltgfy dlGb/sf] k"j{ lbzfdf d[u:ynLsf] cGTolt/
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 30
cjl:yt k|frLg dlGb/ u'Xo]Zj/L dlGb/ xf] . tfh
z}nL cyf{t >Lk]r z}nLdf /x]sf] of] dlGb/sf] rf/}tkm{
9f]sf 5 . dlGb/df gfux¿ 5g\ eg] k|To]s tf]/0fdf
u'Xo]Zj/L lg/fsf/ :j¿kdf snz /flvPsf] 5 .
snzsf] cy{ lj:tf/sf cfwf/df ‘s’af6 >LdxfsfnL,
‘n’af6 >LdxfnIdL / ‘z’af6 >Ldxf;/:jtL ;+o'Qm
Pjd\ lg/fsf/ :j¿kdf /x]sf] a'lemG5 .
u'Xo]Zj/Lsf] pTkltsf] ;DaGwdf :sGb k'/f0fdf
atfOP cg';f/, cfˆgf klt lzjsf] lgGbf ;xg ug{
g;sL ;ltb]jL bIfsf] o1s'08df kmfn xfnL -cUgL
:gfg u/L_ k|f0f Tofu]kl5 ;ltb]jLsf] zj af]s]/ eujfg\
lzj k[YjL ljr/0f ug{ nfUg'eof] . otf eujfg\ lji0f'n]
dfvf] ¿kn] ;ltb]jLsf] z/L/ unfpFbf ;ltb]jLsf]
u'Xo c+u u'XofTdf g]kfndf ktg ePsf] / ;f] :yfgdf
u'Xo]Zj/L / l;4]Zj/ dxfb]j pTklt ePsf] kfOG5 .
af}4 u|Gyx¿df klg u'Xo]Zj/Lsf] pTkltsf ;DaGwdf
ljz]if dlxdf /x]sf] 5 .
u'Xo]Zj/Lsf] dlGb/df slxn] g;'Sg] hns'08
;d]t /x]sf] 5 . h;sf] ;]jg tyf ;]rgn] e'lQm
d'lQm k|fKt x'g] rrf{ lxdjtv08df kfOG5 . dlGb/df
bz{g, ;fwgf ugf{n] gjb'uf{, ci6dfq[sf Pjd\ bz
dxfljBf k|;Gg x'g] atfOPsf] 5 . u'Xo]Zj/L dlGb/
k|tfk dNnsf] ;dodf l;+x 7fs'/ Pjd\ nDjs0f{ e6\6n]
lgdf{0f u/]sf / pQm s'08 kQf nufPsf] Oltxf;df
kfOG5 . u'Xo]Z/L dlGb/df k|To]s ci6dL, a8fbz}+,
r}t] bz}+ h:tf dxÎjk"0f{ kj{df tGq;fwgf ;lxt k"hf
cr{gf ug]{ ul/G5 .
aT;n]Zj/L
eujfg\ kz'kltgfysf] ;xrfl/0fL kfj{tLsf] gfdfGt/
>LaT;n]Zj/L dlGb/ kz'kltgfy dlGb/sf] cfUg]o sf]0f
/ cfo{3f6 Pjd\ eid]Zj/ 3f6sf] aLrdf /x]sf] 5 . ha
u'Xo]Zj/L kL7sf] pTkGg eof] To;} cj:yfdf eujfg\
lzjsf] afT;No k|]dsf] sf/0f kfj{tLn] lzjsf] ;dLk
cyf{t kz'kltsf] glhs a:g] rfxgf ug'{eof] . ;f]xL
cg';f/ kz'kltgfy dlGb/sf] cfUg]o sf]0fdf a:g lgb]{z
ub}{ aT;n]Zj/Lsf] bz{g / k'hg ljgf kz'kltsf] bz{g
k"hf gx'g] j/bfg lbg'eof] . aT;nfsf] k"hf cf/fwgf
ugf{n] wd{, cy{, sfd / df]If rf/} k'?iffy{ k|fKt x'G5
egL lxdjt v08sf] !%$ cWofodf pNn]v ul/Psf]
5.
oxfF lg/fsf/d oGqdf eujtLsf] ¿k /x]sf] 5 .
h;nfO{ AfT;nf oGq elgG5 . agf]6sf cfwf/df of]
dlGb/ cGo b]jL dlGb/eGbf cnu 5 . dlGb/df s'g}
k|ltdf g/xg', dlGb/sf] rf/} 9f]sf v'Nnf x'g' / uh'/df
5ftf cf]9fOg'n] of] dlGb/ km/s ljz]iftfsf] 5 . oxfF
tflGqs ljlwaf6 lgTo g}ldlQs k"hf -kj{_ ;~rfng
x'G5 . r}q s[i0f rt'bzL{, cf};L / a8fbz}+sf] ci6dL
;lxt cGo gj/fqsf ci6dLdf of] dlGb/df ljz]if k"hf
x'g] ub{5 .
ljleGg j+zjfnL / cg'>'TfL cg';f/, lzj–kfj{TfL
s}nfzdf a;]sf] a]nf kfj{tLnfO{ k[YjL 3'Dg]OR5f eof] /
dftfsf] OR5f k"/f ug{ ;o/ u0fnfO{ klg ;fy}df hfg'
egL dxfb]jn] cf1f lbg'eof] . k[YjL ljr/0fsf] qmddf
dftf o; :yfgdf cfOk'Ug' eof] / oxL s]xL ;do a:g]
ljrf/ u/L u0fnfO{ s}nfz k7fO{ lbg'eof] .
kfj{tLnfO{ lng z+s/ k|dy u0f;lxt afhfufhfsf
;fy cfpg'eof] . dftfnfO{ of] 7fpF 5f]8]/ hfg dg
geP klg :jod eujfg\ lzj cfpFbf cj1f ug{;Sg'
ePg . ctM dftfn] tTsfnLg l:yltaf6 5'§L kfpg
cfˆgf] cdf]3 hfb'sf] zlQmn] xftdf lnPsf] hnkfqsf]
31 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
cledlGqt hn lzjhL nufot ;a}nfO{ 5s]{/ e]8f If]qdf /xg' eof] / kfj{tLn] afns lji0f'nfO{ jfT;No
agfO lbg'eof] . of] s'/f yfxf kfpg'ePsf >Llji0f'nfO{ k|]d ug]{ cfdfsf] ¿kdf oxfF /xGf' eof] . ;f]xL cg';f/
56k6L eof] . cfkm" klg kfj{tLsf ;fd'df uP cledlGqt of] dlGb/ aT;n]Zj/Lsf] ¿kdf k|Voft 5 .
hnsf] k|efjdf kg]{ ljrf/ ug'{eof] . e'jg]Zj/L
dftf kfj{tLsf] k|efjaf6 aRg / cGo b]jtfsf] kz'kltgfy dlGb/sf] aflx/L 9f]sfsf] blIf0f
p4f/ ug]{ p2]Zon] >Llji0f'n] blIf0fsfnLsf] pkf;gf klZrd lbzf -g}CTo sf]0f_df kz'kltgfy If]qsf] clt
u/L e]8f ¿k b]ju0fsf] p4f/ ug]{ j/bfg k|fKt ug'{eof] . k|frLg dlGb/ 5 h;sf] gfd e'jg]Zj/L xf] . g]kfndf
blIf0fsfnLsf] lg/Gt/ hkn] ;fgf] afns¿k wf/0f ug{
;Sg] / dGqsf] k|efjn] s;}n] glrGg] x'gfn] p4f/ ug{
;Sg] df]lxgL dGq k|fKt ug{' eof] . dGq hKb} afnssf]
¿kdf >Llji0f' ah|]Zj/Ldf cfO{ hk ubf{ kfj{tLsL
;vLn] >Llji0f'nfO{ kfj{tLsf] ;dLkdf k'¥ofOg\ . dftfn]
>Llji0f'nfO{ lrGg ;Sg'ePg / pxfFnfO{ b]jtf¿kL e]8f
r/fpg] sfd lbg' eof] .
lg/Gt/ dGqsf] hksf] sf/0f Ps lbg dftfn]
afnsnfO{ a/ dfUg] cf1f eof] . afnsn] oL e]8fsf]
xfdLnfO{ sfd 5}gÙ alnlbg kfpF eGg] a/ dfu] . dftfn]
cf1f lbg'eof] / afnsn] t'?Gt} v8s lnP/ e]8fsf]
ub{g l5gfpg yfn] . ;a} e]8f sf6]kl5 v8sdf wf/
nufpg] ;'/df afnsn] dGq hKg la;]{5g\ . kfj{TfLnfO{
xf]; cfPkl5 kv eg]/ lgb]{zg lbFbf e]8f¿kL lzjnfO{
xfF;f] p7\of] / cfˆgf] ¿kdf cfpg' eof] . afns klg
cfˆgf] lji0f'¿kdf cfO{ lzj kfj{tLsf] :t'lt ug'{eof] .
v'zL ePsf lzj kfj{TfLn] a/ dfu eGbf ;a}
b]ju0f hLljt xf]pmg / cfˆgf] ¿kn] afFRg kfpFg\ egL /x]sf zlQmx¿sf] pkf:o Pjd\ tGqsf] d"n cfwf/ bz
j/bfg dfUg' eof] . k'gM hLjg kfPsf b]jtfx¿n] kfj{tL dxfljBfsf] ;d]t k|d'v b]jLsf] ¿kdf >Le'jg]Zj/L b]jL
;lxt z°/ / lji0f'sf] cr{gf / aGbgf u/] . tTkZrft /x]sL 5g\ . e'jg]Zj/L cfbLzlQm / emns k|s[lt klg
kfj{tLn] lji0f'nfO{ cf1f eof] tkfO{ of] rl/q ;Demfpg] dflglG5g\ . lognfO{ ;tf;L / zfsDd/L gfdn] klg
;fgf] afns eP/ olx a:g'xf];\ . tkfO{sf] bz{g u/]/ k'lhG5 . logsf] :j¿k ;f}Do Pjd\ c+u sfGtL c?0f
kfkLx¿n] cfˆgf] kfk gfz ug]{ 5g\ . lji0f'n] cf1f 5 . eQmhgnfO{ l;4L k|bfg ug'{ dftf e'jg]Zj/Lsf] u'0f
lz/f]wfo{ u/L a6's¿k eO{ aT;nfsf] glhs} lgjf; ug'{ xf] .
eof] . cfh klg aT;nfdfO{sf] blIf0fkl§ ;fgf] dlGb/ bz dxfljBfdf dftf e'jg]Zj/Lsf] cf/fwgfn]
5 . hxfF a6's¿k lji0f' a:g' x'G5 . ;"o{sf] ;dfg t]h / pmhf{ k|fKt x'g] dflgG5 . 1fgwf/f
lji0f'nfO{ Tolx a:g] j/bfgkl5 lzjn] s}nfz hfpF / 1fgs'08sf] lardf /x]sf] dftf e'jg]Zj/Lsf] dlGb/
eGbf dftfn] /d0fLo 7fpF 5f]8]/ hfg dfGg' ePg . ;a} kl/;/df s[i0f]Zj/ dxfb]j, xl/l;4L dxfb]j, jgsfnLsf]
b]jtfsf ;fy xfdL klg oxL a;f}+ eGg] dftfsf] l9kLn] wft'sf] d"lt{ Pjd\ lqz'n hfqfdf dfq lgsflng] lzj
eujfg\ lzj Hof]lt¿kdf >Lkz'kltgfy gfdn] o;} lnË /x]sf] 5 . lg/fsf/ ¿kdf k'lhg] dftf e'jg]Zj/Lsf]

uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 32

bz}+, r}q ci6dL / efb| ci6dL nufot ljleGg kj{x¿df /flvPsf] 5 .
aln ;lxt tGqf]krf/n] k"hf ug]{ ul/G5 . kz'klt ah|]Zj/L
If]qdf dgfOg] lqz'n hfqf, agsfnL hfqf, b'Mb'M Rof kz'kltgfy dlGb/af6 blIf0f ltnu+ufsf] kfl/kl§
h:tf ljleGg hfqf;Fu o; dlGb/sf] k|ToIf ;DaGw clxn]sf] rqmky tn ah|]Zj/L -dxfnIdL_ kL7 /x]sf]
/x]sf] 5 . 5 . oxfF kmfu'gz'Sn PsfbzL d[ulzif{ gIfq dËnaf/sf]
emDs]Zj/L lbg dxfnIdLsf] hGdhoGtL dgfOG5 . ah|]Zj/L gfdn]
lrlgg] dxfnIdLsf] kz'kltdf pTkGg ePsf] ;Gbe{df
Ps syf k|rlnt 5 . k|frLg ;dodf lk+un gfd
u/]sf] kf]8]n] klxn] slxn] gb]lvPsL Ps ;'Gb/L
kz'kltsf] blIf0f 9f]sfaf6 aflx/ lg:sg nfu]sf]
b]Vof] . lh1f;fj; kl5 nfu]/ hfFbf jfUdtL lsgf/
-xfnsf] lk+unf 6f]n_df /x]sf] Zdzfgdf k'u]kl5 g[To
ug{ nfu]sf] If]qkfnnfO{ klg b]Vof] .
DfWo/ftdf d;fgdf g[To ug]{ e}/j / lk+unsf] cl3
cl3 hfg] tL ;'Gb/L ToxL d;fgdf cnk eOg\ . of]
b]v]kl5 lk+unnfO{ oL b]jL g} x'g\ eGg] nfUof] / b]jLsf]
bz{g kfpg] cfzfn] To;} 7fpFdf a;L b]jLsf] Wofg u/L
tkZjL hLjg latfpg yfNof] . w]/} lbg o;/L lat]kl5
kmfu'g s[i0f PsfbzLsf lbg c¿ w]/} b]jLb]jtf, e}/jx¿
klg To;} :yfgdf ef]h vfg hDdf eP . ef]h nufpFbf
h] klg Ps efu a9L g} x'Fbf] /x]5 . of] b]vL cfZro{
kfz'kt If]q of]u]Zj/–of]lugL, e}/j–e}/jL, a/fx–af/fxL dfg]/ efu nufpg]n] k|Zg ubf{ ah|]Zj/Laf6 cf1f eof]
h:tf ljleGg zlQmx¿n] ;+/lIft If]q xf] . oxfFsf] k|d'v
pu|kL7 dWo] emDs]Zj/L klg Ps xf] . kz'kltgfysf]
dlGb/sf] g}CTo sf]0fdf, cl/0fL lznfaf6 blIf0f /
z+s/frfo{ d7sf] k"j{kl§ Pp6f k'/fgf] / tNnf] txdf >L
emDs]Zj/Lsf] dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . ;ltsf] sfg ;lxt em'Dsf
ktg ePsf] x'Fbf o; If]qsf] gfd emDs]Zj/L /xg uPsf]
egfO 5 . ;fy} o; If]qdf eujfg\ lzjsf] dg;Dk|fbfosf]
sfNklgs dtsf] ;fwgf:yn /x]sf] cg'>'qL kfOG5 .
d'Vo dlGb/df pu|kL7nfO{ 3f]K6fP/ /flvPsf] 5
h;df e}/j kfq 5g\ . ToxfF /x]sf ^ j6f Kjfnx¿nfO{
e}/j÷e}/jL jf s'df/÷sf}df/L zlQmsf] ¿kdf lzju0fsf]
k|tLs dflgG5 . ;fIft pu|kL7sf] b'lgof k"hf cyf{t
lk;fh rt'b{zLsf] lbg o; kL7df /flqsfndf e]8f
;lxtsf] alnbfg k"hf ug]{ k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . oL b]jLsf]
klg :j¿k k|ltdf geO{ lg/fsf/ ¿kdf lznfn] 5f]k]/
33 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
æd]/f] bz{g kfpg] Pp6f eQm tkZof/t 5 . To;}n] efu
a9L ePsf] xf] .Æ
b]jLsf] cf1f ;'g]/ To;nfO{ klg ef]h v'jfpg'
k¥of] egL vf]hL u/]/ NofP . ef]h v'jfPkl5 ‘ltdL
lsg d]/f] Wofg u/]/ a;]sf] <’ egL ;f]Wbf lk+unn] lalGt
u¥of]– ‘of] b]zdf rf/} j0f{sf ;fy xh'/nfO{ /yf/f]x0f
u/fO{ r}q cf}zLdf hfqf ug]{ O{R5f 5 . oxL cf1f
kfpmF .’ of] ;'g]/ b]jLn] ‘d of] b]jkQgdf dxfnIdLsf]
¿kdf b]zf]4f/ ug{ eg]/ a;]sf] 5' . o;sf/0f rf/
j0f{af6 d]/f] cfdGq0f u/L u/L k"hf u/]kl5 dfq cGo
b]jb]JfL kL7sf] k"hf ofqf ug{' . ltd|f] O{R5f k"/f x'g]5’
eGg] cf1f ug'{eof] . eujtLsf] cf1f ePkl5 r}q
cf}+zLdf ah]Zj/Lsf] cfdGq0f k"hf / hfqf kl5 dfq
kz'kltgfydf cGo hfqf x'g] rng clxn] klg 5 .
lk+unsf] tkZofaf6 dxfnIdL k|zGg ePsf] x'Fbf pg}
lk+unsf] ;d]t gfd hf]8L log} ah|]Zj/LnfO{ lk+unfdfO{
eGg] rng 5 .
gjb'uf{
kz'kltgfysf] ;lGgs6 blIf0f lbzfdf /fh/fh]Zj/L
cyf{t gjb'uf{sf] k|frLg kL7sf] d[0fdo k|ltdfx¿ /x]sf]
5 . h;sf] k|ltd"lt{ /fhwfgLsf] 6]s'df ;d]t /x]sf]
5 . kz'kltsf] gjb'uf{nfO{ dlGb/sf k'hf/Laf6dfq k"hf
ul/G5 eg] 6]s'df ;a}n] :kz{ ;lxt k"hf ug{ ldN5 .
gjb'uf{sf] of] kL7 clt pu| kL7 xf] . d08k z}nLdf
lgld{t o; dlGb/leq >Lu0f]z, z}nk'qL, a|Xdrfl/0fL,
rGb|306f, s'idf08f, :sGbdftf, sfTofofgL, sfn/fqL,
dxfuf}/L / l;l4bfqLsf] d"lt{ /x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] !@
aif{df /ª/f]ug ug]{ k/D;/f /x]sf] 5 . dlGb/ kl/;/df
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 34
ljleGg b]jLb]jtfsf d"lt{, lzjfno, ;Qn clg k|frLg
w'gL ;d]t /x]sf] 5 .
eQmk'/af6 ;kof{ ug{ cfpg] g[Tosf gjb'uf{
o; dlGb/ kl/;/df cfpg' x'Fb}g . o; dlGb/df ;a}
hgfj/sf] aln eP klg d' af -;'u+'/_sf] aln lbg'x'Fb}g .
eQmk'/af6 cfpg] gjb'uf{sf] g[Tosf b]ju0fnfO{ d' jf
lbg' kg{] rng 5 . To;}n] tL ;d"x of] dlGb/df k|j]z
ug{ ldNb}g . x/]s ci6dLdf o; dlGb/df ljz]if k"hf
x'g] ub{5 . lqsfn afhf w'gL / ljleGg ;f+:s[lts
kIf ;d]l6Psf] of] dlGb/sf] bz{g, k'hg / pkf;gfn]
;a}sf] dg]f/y k"/f x'g] ljZjf; 5 .
afns'df/L
e'jg]Zj/L dlGb/af6 klZrdÙ jt{dfg /fdhfgsL
hLjgs'~h cufl8 O6f6f]n hfg] 7f8f] af6f];Fu
hf]l8Psf] dlGb/ afns'df/L dlGb/ xf] . afns'df/L
dftf e'jg]Zj/L / dftf jgsfnLsf] afn:j¿k xf] .
of] lk7 clt k|frLg kL7 xf] . ls+jbGtL cg';f/,
Ps Clif d[u:ynLdf dftf e'jg]Zj/Lsf] Wofgdf a:bf
pgsf] ;fd' Ps aflnsf v]ln/xlGyg\ . clt;'Gb/ tL
aflnsf slxn] sfnf] j0f{ t slxn] emNemnfpFbf] pHjn
:j¿kdf v]Nblyg\ . o;} qmddf Clif aflnsfsf] kl5
kl5 nfUb} cfpFbf tL aflnsf xfnsf] dlGb/ ePsf]
7fpFdf cnk ePsfn] lbSs dfgL Clif k'gM Wofgdf
a;] . aflnsf km]l/ v]Ng cfOg\ . o; qmddf Clifn]
w]/} :t'lt u/]kl5 aflnsfn] sfnL / e'jg]Zj/Lsf] ¿kdf
bz{g lbPsf] / o;} dlGb/ /x]sf] :yfgdf afn:j¿kdf
/xg] cf1f adf]lhd afns'df/L eGg] gfd /xg uPsf]
xf] . #@ nIf0fsL sGofnfO{ d]/} :j¿kdf k'Hg' hf] d
:jo+ g} x'g]5' eGg] cf1f adf]lhd g]kfndf klg s'df/L
k'hfsf] z'?jft ePsf] dflgG5 . o; dlGb/df do'/
cf;gdf lj/flht afns'df/Lsf] d"lt{ clt g} dgf]x/
b]lvG5 . l;yL gvM, kfxfFrx|], ci6dL h:tf kj{df o;
dlGb/df ljz]if k"hf x'G5 eg] :yfgLox¿n] Oi6b]jLsf]
¿kdf k'Hb}cfPsf 5g\ .
hoafu]Zj/L
>Lhoafu]Zj/L dftf ;/:jtLs} csf]{ gfd
xf] . jfs\ zlQmsL b]jLsf] dxQf j}lbs ;flxTodf
kfOG5 . hoafu]Zj/Lsf] ljifodf j+zfanLsf] syg
cg';f/, Ps ;do zx/jf;Lsf] lha|f] n6kl6O{ pgLx¿
af]Ng ;s]gg\ . >Lkz'kltsf d"n k'hf/Ln] kz'kltsf]
cfud3/sf k'hf/Lsf] 3/df a;L Wofg ubf{ ‘oxfF
;/:jtLsf] af; gePsfn] dflg;x¿ af]Ng g;s]sf
x'g\ . oxfFaf6 pQ/ dfg;/f]a/ If]qsf] l;xnlåksf]
lznf gbLdf lgn;/:jtL l5g\\ . ltgLnfO{ oxfF NofP
;a} lgsf] x'G5’ eGg] cfsfzjf0fL eof] .
;f]xL cg';f/, oxfFsf tflGqs k'hf/Lx¿ To;
7fpFdf k'uL hk, Wofg, k"hf ubf{ lznf gbLsf] lardf
Pp6f uf]nf] 9'+ufdf a;]sL ;/:jtLsf] bz{g kfP .
dftfn] a/ dfUg cfu|x ubf{ dftfsf] nfj0on] df]lxt eO{
k'hf/Lx¿ af]Ng ;s]gg\ . dftfn] df]x e+u ul/lbPkl5
‘>Lkz'kltgfysf] cf1fn] xh'/nfO{ lng cfPsf xf}+ .
;jf/L eO{ s[kf ug'{;’ eg] . dftfn] ‘oxL ¿kn] d}n]
hfg' x'Fb}g . ltdLx¿ uP/ d]/f] Wofg / cfxjfg u/ .
d ed/fsf] ¿kn] cfpg] 5' . dnfO{ lgTo :gfg ug{
oxL cfpg' k5{ / cf;g klg oxL lznfsf] x'gk5{ .
o;} lznfdf a;L :gfg u5'{’ egL cGtWof{g x'g'ePsfn]
tflGqsx¿ kms]{ .
oxfF cfO{ k'gM >Lkz'kltgfysf] Wofg ubf{ km]l/
cfsfzaf0fL eof] ‘ltdLx¿ pQ/kl§ kxf8 k'uL vgL
x]/ . ToxLF gbL / lznf cfOk'Ub5 .’ cfsfzaf0fL
cg';f/ ;f] :yfgdf vgL x]bf{ hxfF vg] klg hn g}
hn b]v]/ v'zL eO{ df6f]sf] 8'F8 agfO rfalxnsf] af6f]
x'Fb} xfnsf] dlGb/ glhs} ;'gwf/f agfP . cf;gsf]
9'+uf klg ToxL cfOk'u]sf]n] xif{ dgfP . o;/L dftfsf]
cfb]z cg';f/ dlGb/ agfO{ cfxjfg u/L snz /fvL
:yfkgf ul/of] .
g]kfndf kz'klt / u''Xo]Zj/L clg aT;nf b]jL
k|s6 ePkl5 g} logL dfg;/f]j/af6 lznf gbL t/L
k|fKt ePsL x'g\ . logsf] dlGb/ d"lt{ s]xL lyPg, kL7
dfq lyof] . /fhf a[ifb]jsf] kfnfdf b]jkQg / kz'kltdf
UjnM gfds zx/ a;fO{ lgTofr{gf;Dd u/fPsf lyP .
kl5 lzjb]jsf] kfnfdf ;kgtLy{ :gfg u/L cfPsf
of]uLn] cfkm" b'jf{;fsf] c+z xF' egL kl/ro lbFbf of]uLsf]
;DdtLdf hoafu]Zj/Lsf] r~rn d"lt{nfO{ l:y/ u/L a8f]
si6;Fu /x:o d"lt{ agfO{ lrqsf/L u/L hLjg Gof;
u/L cfrfo{x¿ k'hf/L lgo'Qm ul/lbP . /fhf c+z'adf{n]
k|ltjif{ /+u/f]ug ug{ d'lZsn 5 egL !@ jif{df sn]a/
km]g]{, /+u/f]ug ug]{ rng rnfP . Oltxf; lz/f]dl0f
afa'/fd cfrfo{n] b]jkQg zx/nfO{ t];|f] ;tfAbLsf]
zx/L j:tLsf] ¿kdf rrf{ ug'{ePsf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5
lj=;+= @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn]
dlGb/nfO{ Iflt k'¥ofPsf]n] xfn of] dlGb/ k'glg{df{0fsf]
qmddf 5 .
jgsfnL
k/fzlQmsf] ljleGg bzcjtf/dWo] sfnL klg
Ps xf] . bz dxfljBfsf] ljleGg :j¿kdf– sfnL,
tf/f, e'jg]Zj/L, lqk'/f;'Gb/L, e}/jL, w"dfjtL, dft+uL,
35 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs

junfd'vL, sdnf / l5Ggd:tf kb{5g\ . h;dWo]
sfnLs'ndf sfnL, tf/f / lqk'/f;'Gb/L x'g\ / jfFsL >L
s'ndf kb{5g\ . b'uf{sf cg]sf}+ gfddWo] sfnL klg Ps
xf] .
sf7df08f} pkTosfsf k|rlnt rf/ sfnLx¿df
blIf0fsfnL, u'XosfnL, eb|sfnL / jgsfnL x'g\ .
pkTosf aflx/ uf]/vsfnLsf] ;d]t Jofks dxÎj /x]sf]
5 . jgsfnLdftfsf] :j¿k / k|ltdfdfsf] k"hf x'g]
ub{5 . ljleGGf kj{x¿ dWo] cIfo t[ltofdf jgsfnLdf
hfqf x'g] k|rng lyof] . klxn] ;~rfng x'g] hfqf w]/}
;do /f]lsof] / k'gM Psk6s rn]/ xfn km]l/ /f]lsPsf]
5 . jgsfnLsf] k|ltd"lt{ e'Jfg]Zj/L dlGb/df /x]sf] x'G5
/ t[ltofsf lbg oL dftfsf] hfqf ul/GYof] .
ha bIfsf] o1df bIfk|hfkltn] lzjsf] lgGbf u/]
Tof] ;xg ug{ g;sL qmf]lwt ;ltb]jLsf cfFvf /ftf]
/ ;Dk"0f{ z/L/ g} sfnf] ePsf] a]nf sfnLsf] pTklQ
ePsf] eGg] sfnLsf / dfs{08]o h:tf k'/f0fdf pNn]v
5.
sfnL dlGb/ >Lkz'kltgfysf] ;+/lIft If]qdf
jgdfemdf /x]sf] x'Fbf log} sfnLnfO{ jgsfnL /
u0f]znfO{ jgu0f]z gfdn] k'lhFb} cfOPsf] 5 . s;}sf]
ljjfx gePsf] / ;w} k/flht x'g] eQmnfO{ ljjfx /
ljhosf] kmn k|bfg ug]{ dftf jgsfnLdf x/]s lbg
bz{gfyL{sf] 3'Orf] nfUg] ub{5 .ï–kz'klt u'?dfu{
;Gbe{ u|Gy
! sf]O/fnf s'nrGb|– g]kfnsf cf/fWob]j >Lkz'kltgfy
@ lxdjt v08
# xl/eQm l;Ub]n ‘dx]z’– ljZj a|Xdf08klt kz'klt
$ k+ nf]sgfycfrfo{ – kz'kltdxfTDo
% efiffj+zfjnL
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 36
lzj /
lzjfgL
–dfwj ;Gt
k|]dn] g} ;a}df ;DaGw a9fpF5
cfkm}+ leq cfgGb v';L h] rflxof] ToxL kfpF5 .
k|]dsL vfgL /fwf /fgL >Ls[i0fdf b]v]5'
d t clxn] p;s} Wofgdf cf7} ofd 8'a]5' ..
:jod\ g} xf] k|]dsL vfgL s[kfn' /fwf /fgL
cfgGb cf]dsf/ dgdf]xg lzj / lzjfgL .
:ju{sL k/L d]/f] xl/ eG5g\ d]gsf klg
dxfb]j dxfsfnL pxL xf] >L :j:yfgL ..
kltj|tfsf] j[Gbf gfd, klt hfnGw/
:j:yfgLdf k9\g kfOG5 df3df 3/ 3/ .
:j:yfgLnfO{ lj1fgn] cg'zf;g eG5
h;–h;n] lj1fg hfGof] pxL O{Zj/ aG5 ..
jt{dfgdf lj1fgsf] ljsNk g} 5}g
k'/fgf] ;f]r yf]qf ljrf/df dflg; clNemb}g .
hLjg lj1fg uOsg lj1fg u¥of] egL
b'O{dt 5}g :jod\ O{Zj/ P]gf aG5 clg ..
:jod\ g} xf] kfFr kf08j ;KtClif klg
d]/f] dgsf efjnfO{ n]vb} /x]+ clg .
cg'zf;gnfO{ dfGg] u/f}+ aG5f} >L :j:yfgL
k/lxtsf/L ;]jf u/f}F aG5f}F lbJo1fgL ..
klxnf] lk7 u'Xo]Zj/L lzj / lzjfgL
lzj afaf ef]n]gfy ;Gt 1fgL :jfdL .
afnfhL eujfg\n] /f]huf/ lbG5g\
cfTd ljZjf; hf];Fu 5 p;n] cfkm"nfO{ lrG5g\ ..
>L :j:yfgL ;Dk"0f{ tLy{ dfG5' o;}nfO{
;txQ/ ;fn ljhof bzdLsf] xflb{s awfO{ .
k|f0fL ;a}sf] z'elrGts dfwj slj gfpF
ef]sf gfËf sf]xL g/x"g\ oxL b]Vg kfpF .ï
–ltnu+uf, sf7df8f}+
 ultljlw k|x/Lsf] ;xof]udf af}lgofdf lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] ;+:yfsf
;+3if{ ;ldltåf/f kz'klt If]q 3]/fp cWoIf Zofd e§ zf:qLn] atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
p4f/ ul/Psf @& ufO{nfO{ k|x/Lsf] /f]xa/df
uf}/Lu+uf gu/kflnsfsf] j8f gDa/ !) sf j8f ;b:osf]
lhDdf nufOPsf] / d/]sf @ ufO{sf] kf]i6df6{d kZrft
bfxf;+:sf/ ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 . ufO{ t:s/df ;+nUg
$ hgfnfO{ O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no ;'Vv8sf] lhDdf
nufPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;fy} lxGb' hfu/0f g]kfn, lhNnf
sfo{ ;ldlt s}nfnLn] ;f]xL lbg O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no
;'Vv8df d'2f bfo/ u/L 36gfdf ;+nUgnfO{ xb};Ddsf]
kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifn] tof/ kf/]sf] !)) jif]{ sf/afxLsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu dfu u/]sf] 5 .
u'?of]hgfsf] lj?4df ;+3if{/t kz'klt If]q ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ lj/f]wsf] gofF z}nL– bLk k|Hjng
;ldltn] kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifdf wgf{ / 3]/fp ub}{
cfˆgf] bf]>f] r/0fsf] ;+3if{sf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf]
5 . ;/sf/, ljz]if u/L ko{6g, ;+:s[lt tyf gful/s
p8\8og dGqfnon] cfˆgf dfuk|lt j]jf:tf u/]sf] eGb}
;+3if{ ;ldltn] bf]>f] r/0fsf] cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
lyof] . bf]>f] r/0f cGt/ut ut c;f]h !* / !( ut]
;fFem cfwf 306f JNofscfp6, !( ut] ljsf; sf]if
sfof{no cufl8 wgf{ tyf @! ut] sf]if sfof{no 3]/fpsf]
sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . o;}aLr ko{6g, ;+:s[lt tyf
gful/s p8\8og dGqfnon] @) ut] ;+3if{ ;ldltnfO{
kq k7fO{ ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd /f]Sg cg'/f]w u/] klg kqdf
cfˆgf dfu ;Djf]wg gul/Psf] eGb} @! ut]sf] sf]if
3]/fp sfo{qmd oyfjt /fv]sf lyP . ;fy} dGqfnon]
lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf dfu ;Daf]wg gu/] cfufdL lbgdf sf]le8 !( sf sf/0f aGb ul/Psf eujfg\ kz'kltgfy
yk ;zQm lj/f]wsf sfo{qmd ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 . nufot ;Dk"0f{ d7dlGb/ eQmhgx¿sf bz{gsf nflu
@& j6f ufO{sf] p4f/ ;'/lIft jftfj/0fdf vf]lng'kg]{ dfu /fVb} kz'kltgfysf]
nDsL / s}nfnLaf6 cj}w ¿kdf emfkftkm{ nlub} d"n åf/df bLk k|Hjngsf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 .
ul/Psf @& ufO{sf] ut c;f]h @) ut] lxGb' hfu/0f ljleGg wfld{s ;+3x¿sf] ;xsfo{df ut c;f]h !@ ut]
g]kfn s}nfnLn] p4f/ u/]sf] 5 . @ j6f ufO{sf] eg] z'ef/De ul/Psf] ;f] bLk k|Hjng sfo{qmd dlGb/ v'nf
p4f/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf] lxGb' hfu/0f g]kfn s}nfnLn] gu?Gh]n hf/L ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 . x/]s ;fFem ^ ah]
hgfPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] uf}/Lu+uf gu/kflnsf j8f gDa/ z'ef/De x'g] ;f] bLk k|Hjng sfo{qmddf kz'klt If]qdf
!) sf j8f cWoIf kbdaxfb'/ P]/sf] ldn]dtf]df sfg"g tk:of/t of]uL >Lifgfy, of]uL Aof3| j]bgfy, uËfbf;
ljk/Lt Ps lu/f]xn] gf= ^ v= ^)#^ gDa/sf] 6«sdf /fvL afaf, ;+uLtfrfo{ d'GgLafaf ;lxt ljleGg ;fw';Gt, lzj
emfkf nlub} ul/Psf] cj:yfdf nDsLr'xf gu/kflnsf ;]gf g]kfn, >Lkz'klt ;]js ;+3, cf]dsf/ dxfcleofg,
$ aNrf}/l:yt s}nfzwfd glhs} lxGb' hfu/0fn] 6«s ljZj lxGb' dxf;+3, /fli6«o k'/f]lxt ;+3, cGt/ wfld{s
lgoGq0fdf lng vf]Hbf 6«s km]l/ uf}/Lu+uflt/} kmls{Pkl5 kl/ifb g]kfn, u'? gfgs ;+3, kz'klt o'jf Snj nufot
37 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
bh{gf} wfld{s ;+3;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwTj /xg] u/]sf] 5 .
eujfg\ >Lkz'kltgfynfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] wfs, wDsL
rNb}g, s]jn :t'lt rNb5 eGg] wfld{s dfGotf lnP/
z'esfdgf
cfkm"x¿ eujfg\sf] :t'ltdf nfu]sf] cfof]hsx¿sf] egfO lxGb' wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] dxfg\ kj{ a8fbz}+,
5 . o;}aLr ut @* / #) ut] ck/fGx # b]lv % ah];Dd z'e lbkfjnL tyf 57 kj{– @)&& sf] kfjg
dlGb/ vf]Ng bjfj lbg] p2]Zon] zflGtk"0f{ Wofg ;efsf]
;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . kz'klt If]q ljsf;
cj;/df ;d:t ;gftg wdf{jnDaL bfh'efO,
sf]ifn] eg] ;/sf/n] cfb]z lbPdf cfkm"x¿ h'g;'s} a]nf lbbLalxgLx¿df xflb{s dËndo z'e–sfdgf Û
dlGb/ vf]Ng tof/ ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . dlGb/ v'nfpg dftf ejfgLn] ;a}sf] /Iff u¿g\ Û
1fkg kq lbg k'u]sf /fi6afbL s]Gb| g]kfn wfld{s
ljefusf k|ltlglw d08n;Fusf] e]6df ut c;f]h !$
ut] sf]ifsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f= 3gZofd vltj8fn]
dlGb/ v'nfpgsf] lglDt sf]ifsf] tkm{af6 cfjZos ;Dk"0f{
tof/L e};s]sf] / lnlvt ¿kdf ;d]t dGqfnodf ;d]t k"0f{ 8+uf]n
kqfrf/ ul/;s]sf] atfpg' eof] . ï åf/]
cdfnsf]6 sfof{no, kz'klt, sf7df8f}+

g]kfn cfon lgud ln= sf] vfgf ksfpg] Uof; -Pn=kL= Uof;_
k|of]ustf{x¿nfO{ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL clt cfjZos hfgsf/L
Pn= kL= Uof; cToGt} k|HjngzLn k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ ePsf]n] o;sf] k|of]u ubf{ kof{Kt ;ts{tf / ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'
h?/L x'G5 . o;}n] vfgf ksfpg] Uof;sf] r'xfj6n] b'3{6gfaf6 aRg b]xfosf s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg ;Dk"0f{
pkef]Qmju{df g]kfn cfon lgud cg'/f]w ub{5 .
b'3{6gfaf6 aRg Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿M
!= l;ln08/ NofpFbf n}hfFbf gu'8fcf}+ . efG;fdf l;lnG8/ ;w}+ 7f8f]/fvL k|of]u u/f}+ . ;'tfP/, 3f]K6\ofP/ k|of]u
gu/f}+ .
@= /]u'n]6/, /j/, kfok r'nf]h:tf pks/0fx¿ u'0f:t/ ePsf] dfq k|of]u u/f}+ . ;fy} x/]s @ jif{df Uof;sf] kfok
km]/f}+ . vfgf ksfpFbf ;w}F ‰ofn, 9f]sf v'Nnf /fvf}+ / ;'tLsf] sk8f nufP/ vfgf ksfpg], vfg] gu/f}+ .
#= sfd ;s]kl5 ;w}F /]u'n]6/ aGb ug{ gla;f}+ .
Uof; r'xfj6 ePdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿M
!= vfgf ksfpg] :yfgdf Pn= kL= Uof;sf] tLvf] uGw cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] Uof; r'lxPsf] 5 eGg] a'‰g' kb{5 . Uof;
lns ePdf klxn] /]u'n]6/sf] / kl5 r'nf]sf] gj aGb u/f}+ .
@= Uof; xfjfeGbf ux|f+} x'g] ePsfn] tn e'OF df a:5, o:tf] cj:yfdf ‰ofn 9f]sf ;a} v'Nnf u/f}+ / cfuf]sf] lemNsf lg:sg]
a:t'x¿ h:t} Uof; r'nf], ;nfO{, nfO6/, w'k cflb gafnf}+ . ;fy} ljh'nLaQL nufot s'g} klg a:t' grnfcf}+ .
#= Uof; lnu eO/x]df l;lnG8/af6 /]u'n]6/ 5'6fO eNndf ;]ˆ6L Sofk nufP/ 3/ aflx/ v'Nnf 7fpFdf /fvf}+ /
l56f]eGbf l56f] glhssf] Uof; ljqm]tf jf ;DalGwt Uof; pBf]unfO{ vj/ u/f}+ .

;r]t / ;fjwfg x'g' g} ;'/lIft x'g' xf] .

pkef]Qmfsf] lxtdf g]kfn cfon lgud ln= . g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no aa/dxn
kmf]gM )!–$@^@(&), $@^#$*%
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 38
39 uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ @)&&, sflQs
uf}/L, dfl;s, -cfWoflTds ;flxTo_ k"0ff{ª\s !&% 40