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Codal Reference & Acceptance Criteria
of different works including salient
Construction Material

Public Works Department, Govt. of West Bengal


TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

1. Sri Debasish Roy , S. E. , Survey & Design Circle, P.W.Dte. – Chairman


2. Sri Rajib Chattaraj , A.C.E. , National Highway, P.W.(R) Dte. – Member Convener
3. Sri Tapan Kumar Saha , S. E. , Southern Highway Circle, P.W.(R) Dte. – Member
4. Sri Tapash Kumar Dey , E. E. , Highway Design Division-III, P.W.(R) Dte. – Member

5. Sri Sanjoy Kumar Maity, A.E., Planning, P.W.(R) Dte. – Compilation


Ready Reckoner of Codal Reference and Acceptance Criteria of different works including salient Construction Material

CONTENTS

SL. NAME OF WORKS PAGE NO.

I. ROAD WORKS : 1 - 20

A) Non-Bituminous 1

B) Bituminous 6

C) Construction Material 13

D) Concrete Pavement 18

II. BUILDING 21 - 26

III. BRIDGE WORKS 27 - 41

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I. ROAD WORKS
A) Non-Bituminous -
Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
1. Embankment Construction Embankment Construction should be executed as par IRC -36-2010 and
clause 305 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -5th. Revision.
For quality control clause 903 of Specification for Road and Bridge
Works-5th Revision is to be followed.
Liquid Limit IS: 2720 (Part 5) Maximum LL should not be greater than 70 (Clause 4.4, IRC36-2010).
Plasticity Index Maximum PI value should not be greater than 45 (Cl.4.4, IRC36-2010).
Shrinkage Limit Swelling index should not be greater than 50.
Swelling index
Clay Content IS:2720 (Part 4) Maximum 10 %.
Deleterious Content Test IS: 2720 (Part 27) Material should be free from swamp, marshes and bogs. It should not be
Peat, log, sump and perishable material.
Particle size distribution & IS:1498 Soil should not be classified as OL, OI, OH or Pt (Cl.4.4,IRC36-2010)
Classification of Soil
OMC and Maximum Dry IS: 2720 (Part 8) In case of NH, SH, MDR and ODR modified Proctor Density (IS 2720
Density and (Part 7) Part 8) and in case of VR standard Proctor density (IS 2720 Part 7) to be
used.
Density IS: 2720 (Part 8) Shall not be less than 1.52gm/cc for embankment height upto 3 meter &
Shall not be less than 1.60gm/cc for embankment height above 3 meter.
Wet Sieve Analysis & IS: 2720 (Part 4) The size of coarse material should not exceed 75 mm in embankment
Grading
Moisture Content MORT&H The moisture content shall be in the range of-1 % to +2% of the OMC.
Specification for
Road & Bridge Works (5th
Revision)
Dry Density IS: 2720 (Part 2) The dry density shall not be less than 95% of the Maximum Dry Density
IS: 2720 (Part8) (MDD) in the lower layers of embankment and 97% of MDD in the top
500 mm of the embankment.
Maximum compacted thickness of each layer should not be greater than
250 mm when vibratory roller is used or 200 mm when static roller is
used.

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
2. Subgrade Construction Subgrade Construction should be executed as par IRC -36-2010 and clause
305 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -5th. Revision. For
quality control clause 903 of specification of Road and Bridge Works-5th.
Revision is to be followed.
Liquid Limit IS : 2720 (Part 5) Maximum LL should not be greater than 50 (Clause 4.4,IRC36-2010)
Plasticity Index Maximum PI value should not be greater than 25 (Clause 4.4, IRC36-
2010).
Shrinkage Limit Shrinkable soil not allowed.
Swelling index Sub grade soil shall be non-expansive. Free swelling index should be less
than 50%.
Clay Content IS:2720 (Part 4) Maximum 10 %.
Deleterious Content Test IS: 2720 (Part 27) Material should be free from swamp, marshes and bogs It should not be
IS: 383-1970 Peat, log, sump and perishable material
IS: 2386 (Part II)-1963
Particle size distribution & S:1498 Soil should not be classified as OL, OI, OH or Pt
Classification of Soil
OMC and Maximum Dry IS: 2720 (Part 8) In case of NH, SH, MDR and ODR modified Proctor Density (IS 2720
Density and (Part 7) Part 8) and in case of VR standard Proctor density (IS 2720 Part 7) to be
used.
Density IS: 2720 (Part 8) Density of sub grade should be greater than 1.65 gm./cc for VR and ODR
and 1.75 gm./cc for of NH and SH.
Wet Sieve analysis & IS: 2720 (Part 4) The size of coarse material should not exceed 75 mm in Subgrade.
Grading
Moisture Content MORT&H The moisture content shall be in the range of -1 % to +2% of the OMC.
Specification for
Road & Bridge Works
Dry Density IS: 2720 (Part 2) The dry density shall not be less than 97% of the Maximum Dry Density
IS: 2720 (Part 8) (MDD)
CBR IS:2720 (Part 16) The actual laboratory CBR values of construction subgrade shall be
determined on undisturbed samples cut out from the compacted subgrade
in CBR mould fitted with cutting shoe or on remoulded samples,
compacted to the field density at the field moisture content.
Sub grade should have minimum CBR value of 8% of road having traffic
of CVD of 450 or higher (Cl 5.1 IRC 37-2012).
If the sub grade soil fails to meet the requirement of CBR, soil
stabilization as per clauses 402 & 403 of ‘Specifications for Road and
Bridge Works’ of MORT&H shall be made.

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
3. Granular Sub Base GSB to be constructed as par Clause 401 of Specifications of Road and
Bridge Works -5th. Revision. For quality control clause 903 of
specification of Road and Bridge Works-5th . Revision is to be followed.
The material to be used for the work shall be natural sand, crushed gravel,
crust stone, crushed slag or combination thereof. Brick metal, Kankar,
Crushed concrete is permitted in lower layer.
a) Liquid Limit IS : 2720 (Part V) Minimum liquid limit & plasticity index shall not be greater than 25 and 6
b) Plasticity Index respectively.
Density of compacted layer IS:2720 (Part VIII) Density of the compacted layer shall not be less than 98% of Maximum
Dry Density. Rolling with static road roller may be done for layer upto
100 mm, for layer thickness more than 100 mm and upto 200mm,
vibratory roller with static load not less than 80KN shall be used.
Deleterious constituents. IS: 383-1970 Free from Organic and other deleterious constituents.
IS: 2386 (Part II)
CBR IS:2720 (Part V) At 98% of Maximum dry density CBR value shall be greater than 30%.
Gradation As per Table 400-1 of Specifications for Road and Bridge works of
IS: 383-1970 MORT&H. Grading III & IV shall be used in lower sub base layer.
IS: 2386 (Part I) Grading V and VI shall be used as sub base-cum drainage layer. Thickness
of each sub base layer shall not be less than 150 mm.
Aggregate Impact Value IS : 2386 (Part 4) Maximum AIV shall not be more than 40%. For soft aggregate like brick
(AIV) ballast, laterite, kankar etc. having water absorption greater than 2% wet
IS : 5640 aggregate impact value (AIV) should be taken.
4. Lime Treated Soil Sub Base Lime Treated Soil Sub Base to be constructed as per IRC:SP-89-2010 and
Clause 402 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -5th. Revision.
Soil treated with lime may be used as sub base. Lime treatment is
generally effective for soil which contain relatively high parentage of clay
and silty clay with PI value greeter than 8
Quality of lime/cement - IS: 1514 Lime shall have purity of not less than 70% by wt. of Quick-lime (CaO).
Lime content The mix design shall be done to arrive at the appropriate quantity of lime
to be added.
Degree of pulverization Minimum percent by weight passing the sieve:
26.5 mm – 100% & 5.6 mm – 80%.

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Lime Treated Soil Sub Base CBR or Unconfined The laboratory CBR/UCS value shall be at least 1.5 times the min. field
(Continued….) Compressive Strength test value of CBR/UCS Lime treated soil sub base / sub grade shall be tested
on a set of 3 specimens for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at 7 days.
Moisture content prior to IS:2720 (Part II) Neither is less than the optimum moisture content corresponding to IS:
compaction 2720 (Part VIII) nor more than 2 % above it.
Density of compacted layer IS:2720 (Part VIII) At least 98% of the maximum dry density
5. Cement / Cement fly ash Stabilised Cement / Cement fly ash Stabilised Soil Sub-base is to be constructer as
Soil Sub-base par IRC: 50-1973 and Clause 402 of Specifications of Road and Bridge
Works -5th. Revision.
Quality of cement IS:269, 455 or 1489 Cement for stabilization shall either is OPC, PSC or PPC.
Cement content Quantity of cement shall be as per design so as to achieve design 7 days
unconfined compressive (UCS) and or durability test. The quantity of
cement shall not be less than 2% by weight of mix.
Degree of pulverization Minimum percent by weight passing the sieve:
26.5 mm – 100% & 5.6 mm – 80%.
CBR or Unconfined IS-2720 (part-8). The minimum UCS value shall be 1.75 MPa when tested on cylindrical
Compressive Strength test specimen. Laboratory strength shall be 1.5 times greater than the field
on a set of 3 specimens UCS.
Moisture content prior to IS:2720 (Part II) Neither be less than the optimum moisture content corresponding to IS:
compaction 2720 (Part VIII) nor more than 2 % above it.
Density of compacted layer IS:2720 (Part VIII) At least 98% of the maximum dry density.
Liquid limit and plastic The materials passing through 425 micron sieve shall have liquid limit
limit and plastic limit shall not be greater than 45 and 20 respectively.
6. Water Bound Macadam Water Bound Macadam Base or Sub base is to be constructed as par IRC
(Base or Sub base) 19-2005 and Clause 404 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -
5th. Revision.
WBM shall not be laid on an existing bituminous top surface without
scarifying or providing adequate measure for proper bond and drainage at
the interface of existing bituminous surface and WBM layer should not be
laid directly over a silty or clayey sub grade, a suitable intervening
granular layer.
Grading of aggregate IRC: 19- 2005 Grading requirements of coarse aggregate for WBM shall be as per table-
2 of IRC: 19- 2005 and that of screening shall be as per table 3 of IRC 19-
2005.

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Water Bound Macadam Los Angeles Abrasion IS: 2386 (Part IV) Maximum value of Los Angeles abrasion value shall not be greater than
(Base or Sub base) Value IS : 5640 50% for sub base & 40% for base. Aggregate impact value (AIV) shall be
(Continued….) Aggregate Impact Value IS: 2386 (Part I) 40% and 30% respectively for Sub base and Base.
Flakiness Index
Combined Flakiness & IS: 2386 (Part I) Maximum combined flakiness and elongation indices of 30%
Elongation Indices
Atterberg’s Limits of IS:2720 (Part V) Pl ≤ 6 Material finer than 425 micron shall have maximum PI value of 6.
binding Material
Atterberg’s Limit of IS: 383-1970 Maximum 10%
screenings IS: 2386 (Part I)-1963
Compaction of Stone WBM is made in following stages Spreading and
Rolling of stone aggregates > Spreading and rolling of stone screening >
Application and rolling of screening with sprinkle of water until the course
aggregates are bonded and firmly set and a grout of screening and water
forms ahead of the wheels of the roller.
7. Wet Mix Macadam Wet Mix Macadam (Base or Sub base) is to be constructed as par IRC
(Base or Sub base) 109-2015 and Clause 406 of Specifications of Road and Bridge Works -
5th. Revision.
Coarse aggregate shall be crushed stone / crusted gravel / shingle. In case
of grovel and shingle not less than 90% by eight should retain on 4.75 mm
sieve and shall have at least two fractured surface.
Grading of aggregate IS: 383-1970 As per Table 400-13 of MORT&H or Table 2 IRC 109
IS: 2386 (Part I)
Los Angeles Abrasion IS: 2386 (Part IV) 40 % Maximum by Weight
value
Aggregate Impact Value IS: 2386 (Part IV) 30 % Maximum by Weight
Combined Flakiness Index IS: 2386 (Part I) 30 % Maximum by Weight
& Elongation Index
Atterberg Limits for IS:2720 (Part V) Pl ≤ 6
portion of aggregate
passing 425 micron sieve
Optimum moisture content IS 2720 (Part-VIII) Optimum moisture for mixing shall be determined in accordance with IS:
2720 (Part-VIII) after replacing the course aggregate fraction retained on
19 mm, water in the mix during rolling shall not vary ± 1%. The layer
thickness may be checked by depth blocks during construction.

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Wet Mix Macadam Density of compacted layer IS:2720 (Part VIII) At least 98 % of MDD, Thickness of single compacted layer should not
(Base or Sub base) exceed 100 mm when smooth wheel roller of 80 to 100 KN weight is
(Continued….) used. However, thickness of single layer up to 200 mm may be compacted
using vibratory Roller of minimum 80-100 KN static weight.
Laying of WMM course over an existing thick bituminous layer should be
avoided since it will cause problems of bonding and internal drainage of
the pavement at the interface of two courses.

B) Bituminous -
1. Prime Coat over granular base i) Quality of binder IRC: 16 (2008) Table 500-3 & Table 500-4 of 5th Revision of Specifications for Road and
[Standard Bridge Works of Ministry of Road Transport & Highways.
ii) Binder temperature for
Specifications and Code
application (Henceforth only referred as 5th. Revision )
of practice for prime
iii) Rate of spread of and tack coat (Second
Binder revision)] partially
modified by Cl. 502 of
5th Revision.

2. Tack Coat Do IRC: 16 (2008) Table 500-5 of 5th Revision.


[Standard
Specifications and Code
of practice for prime
and tack coat (Second
revision)] partially
modified by Cl. 503 of
5th Revision.
3. Bituminous Macadam i) Quality of binder Cl. 504 of 5th Revision. Physical properties of coarse aggregate: Table 500-6 (5th Revision.)
ii) Aggregate Impact Value Aggregate grading and bitumen content: Table 500-7 (5th Revision.)
or Los Angeles Abrasion Rolling & compaction: Cl. 504.3.6 of (5thRevision.)
Value
Protection of the layer: Cl. 504.5 of (5thRevision.)
iii) Combined Flakiness and
Elongation Indices
iv) Stripping value
v) Water absorption of
aggregates
vi) Water Sensitivity of mix

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Bituminous Macadam vii) Grading of aggregates
(Continued….) viii) Soundness (Magnesium
Sulphate/ Sodium
Sulphate)
ix) Percentage of fractured
Faces
x) Binder content
xi) Control of temperature of
binder and aggregate for
mix and of the mix at the
time of laying and rolling
xii) Density of Comp layer
xiii) Rate of spread of Mixed
Material
4. Dense Bituminous Macadam i) Quality of binder IRC: 111 (2009) Physical properties of coarse aggregate: Table 5 of IRC: 111 and /or,
ii) Aggregate Impact Value Specifications for dense Table 500-8 of 5th Revision.
or Los Angeles Abrasion graded bituminous
Value mixes and / or Cl.505 Grading of mineral filler: Table 6 of IRC: 111 and/or, Table 500-9 of 5th
iii) Flakiness and Elongation of 5th Revision. Revision.
Indices Aggregate grading and bitumen content (composition): Table 7 of IRC:
iv) Water absorption of 111 and/or, Table 500-10 of 5th Revision.
aggregates
v) Soundness test
Requirement of DBM Mix: Table 8 of IRC: 111 and/or, Table 500-11 of
(Magnesium or Sodium 5th Revision.
Sulphate) Plant trial- permissible variation in Job Mix Formula:
vi) Sand equivalent test
vii) Plasticity Index Table 9 of IRC: 111 and/or, Table 500-13 of 5th Revision.
viii) Polished stone value
ix) Percentage of fractured Compaction Criteria: Cl. 4.5.2 of IRC: 111 and /or Cl.505.3.5 of 5th
Faces Revision and Cl. 903.4.2 of 5th Revision.
x) Mix grading
xi) Stability and voids
analysis of mix including
theoretical maximum
specific of loose mix

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Dense Bituminous Macadam xii) Moisture Susceptibility of
(Continued….) mix (AASHTO T283)
xiii) Temperature of binder in
boiler, aggregate in dryer
and mix at the time of
laying and compaction
xiv) Binder content
xv) Rate of spread of Mixed
Material
xvi) Density of Comp. layer
5. Marshall Method of Asphalt mix MS-2 (Asphalt Table 8 of IRC: 111 and/or Table 500-11 of 5th Rev.
design Institute) (Chapter-5),
ASTMD 5581
6. Tests related to Marshall Method i) Determination of Bulk IS: 2386 (Part-III) 1963 As such no specified acceptant criteria are there.
of Mix Design Specific Gravity, and/or ASTM C-127 for
Apparent specific Coarse aggregates
gravity and water ASTM C 128 for Fine
absorption of mineral aggregate.
aggregates.
ii) Determination of ASTM D 2041 As such no specified acceptant criteria are there.
Maximum theoretical (Standard test method
specific gravity of the for theoretical
mix. maximum specific
gravity and density of
bituminous paving
mixtures).
iii) Marshall stability & AASHTO T 245 Table 500-11 of 5th Revision.
flow determination. (Resistance to Plastic Table 8 of IRC: 111.
flow of Bituminous
mixture using Marshall
Apparatus)
iv) Tensile strength ratio AASHTO T 283 Table 500-11 of 5th Revision.
(Resistance of Table 8 of IRC: 111.
compacted Hot Mix
asphalt (MMA) to
Moisture induced
Damage)

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Modified Marshall Method Cl. 505.3.2 of 5th When maximum size of aggregate used in aggregate graduation is more
Revision. (2nd than 26.5 mm. Modified Marshall Method of 150 mm. Diameter
paragraph) to be read specimen has to be used.
along with Cl. 5.16 of
MS-2.
7. Bituminous Concrete Same as Dense Bituminous IRC: 111 (2009) and /or Physical properties of coarse aggregate : Table 5 of IRC :111 and /or
Macadam Cl. 507 of 5th Revision. Table 500-16 of 5th Rev.
(Sl. 4) Grading of mineral filler: Table 6 of IRC: 111 and /or Table 500-9 of 5th
Revision.
Aggregate grading and bitumen content (composition): Table 7 of IRC:
111 and /or Table 500-17 of 5th Revision.
Requirement of BC Mix: Table 8 of IRC: 111 and/or Table 500-11 of 5th
Revision.
Plant trial- permissible variation in Job Mix Formula:
Table 9 of IRC: 111 and/or Table 500-18 of 5th Revision.
Compaction Criteria: Cl. 5.6.4 of IRC: 111 and /or Cl.507.3.5 &
Cl.903.4.2 of 5th Revision.
8. Close-graded premix surfacing / i) Quality of binder IRC : SP: 78 (2008) Aggregate gradation: Table: 3 of IRC: SP: 78 and /or Table 500-19 of
Mixed seal surfacing ii) Aggregate Impact Value or Specifications for 5th Rev. For annual rainfall more than 1500 mm. Type A, and for annual
Los Angeles Abrasion Value Mixed seal surfacing rainfall upto 1500 mm. Type B aggregate gradation has to be followed.
iii) Combined Flakiness and (MSS) Close-graded Proportioning of Material: Cl. 3.3 of IRC: SP: 78 and/or Cl. 508.2.5 of
Elongation Indices premix surfacing 5th Revision.
iv) Stripping value (CGPS) and/ or, N.B.: Quantity of aggregates shall be 0.27 m3 / 10 m2 [ in 5th Rev., it is
v) Water absorption of Cl. 508 of 5th Revision. mis-printed as 0.27 m3 / m2 ]
aggregates Physical requirement of aggregates :Cl. 3.2.1 of IRC: SP: 78
9. Open-graded premix surfacing vi) Water Sensitivity of mix Cl. 510 of 5th Revision. Aggregate: Cl. 510.1.2.2 of 5th Revision.
vii) Grading of aggregates
Binder: Cl. 510.1.2.1 of 5th Revision.
viii) Soundness (Magnesium
Proportioning of Material :Table 500-23 of 5th Rev.
Sulphate and Sodium
Sulphate)
ix) Polished stone value
x) Temperature of binder at
application
xi) Binder content
xii) Percentage of fractured faces

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
10. Seal Coat i) Quality of binder Cl. 511 of 5th Revision. Binder: Cl. 511.2.1 of 5th Revision.
ii) Aggregate Impact Value or Stone chips for Type A seal coat: Cl. 511.2.2 of 5th Revision.
Los Angeles Abrasion Value Stone chips for Type B seal coat: Cl. 511.2.3 of 5th. Revision
iii) Combined Flakiness and
Elongation Indices
iv) Stripping value of
aggregates (Immersion Tray
Test)
v) Water absorption of
aggregates
vi) Water Sensitivity of mix
vii) Grading of aggregates
viii) Soundness(Magnesium
Sulphate and Sodium
Sulphate)
ix) Polished stone value
x) Temperature of binder in
boiler, aggregate in dryer
and mix at the time of laying
and compaction
11. Slurry Seal i) Quality of Aggregate Sand IRC:SP:81 (2008) Different types of Slurry Seals: Table 1 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table
Equivalent Value Water [Tentative 500.25 of 5th Revision.
Absorption Soundness Test specifications for Slurry Binder :Cl. 4.2.1 of IRC : SP: 81 and /or Cl. 512.3.1 5th Rev. [SS2 type
(Sodium / Magnesium slow setting bituminous emulsion conforming to IS ; 8887]
Seal and micro
Sulphate Test)
surfacing] and/or Properties of Aggregate: Table 2 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table 500.26 of
ii) Quality of Emulsion
Cl. 512 of 5th Revision. 5th Revision.
iii) Aggregate Moisture
Aggregate grading: Table 3 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table 500.27 of 5th
iv) Aggregate Gradation Revision.
v) Binder content Mix Design Criteria: Table 4, Appendix 1, 3,4,5,6 of IRC: SP: 81(2008).
vi) Calibration of Machine
Indicative Quantity of Ingredients: Table 5 of IRC: SP: 81 and/or Table
vii) Quantity of Slurry (By 500.30 of 5th Revision.
weight of aggregate)

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
12. Micro Surfacing Same as Sl. 11 IRC : SP: 81 (2008) Different types of Micro Surfacing: Table7 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table
500-31 of 5th Revision.
Binder: Cl. 5.2.1 and Table 8 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table 500-32 of 5th
Revision.
Aggregate grading: Type II and type III grade of Table 3of IRC:SP: 81.
Type II and type III grade of Table 500-27.
Mix design criteria for Micro Surfacing Mix :
Table 9 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table 500-33of 5th Revision.
Indicative Ingredients in Mix: Table 10 of IRC: SP: 81 and / or Table 500-
34 of 5th Revision.
13. Surface Dressing Same as Sl. 10 IRC : 110 (2005) Binder: Cl. 4.1 of IRC: 110 and / or Cl. 509.2.1 of 5th Revision.
[Standard specifications Aggregate: Cl. 4.2 of IRC: 110 and / or Cl. 509.2.2 of 5th Revision.
and code of practice for Physical requirements of aggregates : Table 2 of IRC: 110
design and construction Recommended Nominal Size of aggregate: Table 3 of IRC: 110 and / or
of surface dressing] Table 500-20 of 5th Revision.
And/ or Cl. 509 of 5th Grading requirements of aggregates used for surface dressing: Table 4 of
Revision. IRC: 110 and / or Table 500-21 of 5th Revision.
Approximate rate of application of binder and aggregates: Table 5(a) &
5(b) of IRC: 110 and / or Table 500-22 of 5th Revision.
14. Mastic Asphalt i) Quality of binder IRC: 107 (2013) Physical properties of binder: Table 1 of IRC: 107(2013) should be
ii) Aggregate Impact Value or (Specification for followed instead of Table 500-39 of 5th Revision.
Los Angeles Abrasion bitumen mastic wearing Physical requirements of course aggregates : Table 2 of IRC : 107 (2013)
Value course) and / or Cl. 516
iii) Combined Flakiness and of 5th Revision. Grading and percentage of course aggregates: Table 3 of IRC: 107 (2013)
Elongation Indices and Table 500-40 of 5th Revision.
iv) Stripping value N.B. In case of conflict, IRC: 107 (2013) should be guiding.
v) Water Sensitivity of mix Grading of fine aggregate including filler: Table 4 of IRC: 107 (2013) and
vi) Grading of aggregates Table 500-41 of 5th Revision.
vii) Water absorption of N.B. In case of conflict, IRC: 107 (2013) should be guiding.
aggregates
viii) Soundness (Magnesium Composition of Bitumen Mastic Blocks without coarse aggregates: Table
Sulphate and Sodium 5 of IRC: 107 (2013) and / or Table 500-42 of 5th Revision.
Sulphate) N.B. Bitumen content given in the tables are without coarse aggregate and
ix) Percentage of fractured not with respect to the total mix including coarse aggregate.
faces
Lying the Bitumen Mastic: Cl. 6.2 of IRC: 107(2013) should be followed.
x) Binder content and
aggregate grading

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Mastic Asphalt xi) Control of temperature of IRC: 107 (2013) Joints of Mastic Asphalt: Cl. 6.3 of IRC: 107(2013) a better detailing of
(Continued….) binder and aggregate for (Specification for joints has been provided in IRC: 107, so it should be followed rather than
mix and of the mix at the bitumen mastic wearing Cl. 516.4.6 of 5th Revision.
time of laying and rolling course) and / or Cl. 516 For mechanised construction operation of Mastic Asphalt: Annexure-II of
xii) Rate of spread of Mixed of 5th Revision. IRC-107(2013) may be referred.
Material
xiii) Hardness number IS: 1195-1978 Hardness Number: Cl. 4 of IRC: 107 (2013) and Cl. 516.3.1 of 5th
Revision.
15. Crack Prevention Course Cl.517 of 5th Revision. Quality of Materials required for 10 sq.m. of road surface for stress
Absorbing Membrane: Table 500-43 of 5th Revision.
16. Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) i) Quality of binder IRC: SP: 79 (2008) Bitumen: Cl. 3.1 of IRC: SP: 79.
ii) Aggregate Impact Value or (Tentative Cl. 515.2.1 of 5th Revision.
Los Angeles Abrasion Specifications for Stone Physical requirement of coarse aggregates: Table 1 of IRC:SP:79
Value Matrix Asphalt) and/or Table 500-35 of 5th Revision.
iii) Flakiness and Elongation Cl. 515 of 5th Revision. Stabilizer additive: Cl. 3.5 of IRC: SP: 79.
Indices Cl. 515.2.5 of 5th Revision.
iv) Water absorption of
aggregates
v) Soundness (Magnesium SMA Mix Design Composition of Stone Matrix asphalt: Table 3 of IRC:
Sulphate and Sodium SP: 79 and/or Table 500-37 of 5th Revision.
Sulphate) SMA Mix Requirements: Table 4 of IRC: SP: 79 and/or Table 500-38 of
vi) Sand equivalent test 5th Revision.
vii) Plasticity Index
viii) Polished stone value
ix) Percentage of fractured
faces
x) Mix grading
xi) Air voids and VMA
analysis of mix including
theoretical maximum
specific gravity of loose
mix
xii) Moisture Susceptibility of
mix (AASHTO T 283)
xiii) Temperature of binder at
application
xiv) Binder content
xv) Rate of spread of Mixed
Material
xvi) Density of Comp. layer

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
17. Recycling of Bituminous Cl. 519 of 5th Revision Broadly categorised in four types :-
pavement & IRC : 120 (2015) 1. Hot In-place Recycling (HIR)
2. Hot In-plant Recycling (HIP)
3. Cold In-place Recycling (CIR)
4. Cold In-plant Recycling (CIP)

N.B.: Interested Engineers may also see "RAP Manual" Publication No


FHWA-SA-98-042 in website of Federal Highway Administration. USA,
Mix design method using RAP is also there in Appendix of MS-2.
18. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) IRC : SP:101 (2014) Interested Engineers may also see NCHRP report 691 “Mix Design
(Interim guideline for Practices for Warm Mix Asphalt.”
Warm Mix Asphalt)

* For all the above items, frequency of test and quality control criteria are guided by section 900 of 5th Revision.

C) Construction Material -
Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
1. Paving Grade bitumen IS: 73 (2013) Table 1 of IS: 73(2013)
[ASTM 3381 / 3381.M-13]
Characteristics of Bitumen i) Penetration IS: 2013 -DO-
[ASTMD 5]
ii) Absolute viscosity IS: 1206 [Part-2] -DO-
[ASTMD 2171]
iii) Kinetic viscosity IS: 1206 [Part-3] -DO-
[ASTMD 2170]
iv) Flash point (Cleveland IS: 1209 -DO-
open cup) [ASTMD 90]
v) Solubility in IS: 1216 -DO-
trichloroethylene [ASTMD 2042]
vi) Softening point (R & IS: 1205 -DO-
B) [ASTMD 36]
vii) Rolling Thin-Film ASTMD 2872 -DO-
Oven Test

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
viii) Viscosity Ratio Cl. 3.1. of IS: 73 (2013) * Viscosity ratio & ductility tests have to performed on the samples after
RTFOT
ix) Ductility IS: 1208 -DO-
[ASTMD 113]
x) Specific gravity / IS: 1202 IS: 73 (2013) does not specify any acceptable criteria for specific gravity.
density of bituminous [ASTMD 70]
material
N.B. In Indian context, IS codes should be followed for acceptance criteria
in general. However, interested engineers may follow relevant ASTMs for
detailed procedure of testing.
2. Industrial Grade Bitumen IS: 702(1988) Table 1 of IS: 702
Industrial grade bitumen is used for Mastic Asphalt Works. Characteristics
of Industrial grade bitumen and testing procedures are same as that of
Paving grade bitumen.
3. Polymer and Rubber modified IS: 15462(2004) and /or N.B. Though IRC: SP: 53 (2010) version is there, it is industry practice to
Bitumen IRC: SP: 53 (2002) follow 2002 version which is much similar to IS: 15462.
4. Classification of rubber and Table 1 of IRC: SP: 53 As such no acceptance or selection criteria of natural rubber, crumb rubber
polymer based bitumen modifiers. (2002) or polymer based bitumen modifiers have been specified in code.
Instructed engineers may see ASTM D 6373.15 [standard specification for
performance graded Asphalt binder ]
5. Requirements of PMB (P) IRC: SP: 53(2002) Table 3 (page 9)
(Plastomeric thermoplastic based) And/or IS: 15462(2004) Table 1 (page 2)
6. Requirements of PMB (E) IRC: SP: 53(2002) Table 2 (page 8)
(Elastomeric thermoplastic based) and/or IS: 15462(2004) Table 2 (page 3)
7. Requirements of natural Rubber IRC: SP: 53(2002) Table 4 (page 10)
modified Bitumen (NRMB) and/or IS: 15462(2004) Table 3 (page 3)
8. Requirements of Crumb rubber IRC: SP: 53(2002) Table 5 (page 11)
modified Bitumen and/or IS: 15462(2004) Table 4 (page 4)
9. Special (extra) characteristics of i) Frass breaking point IS: 9381 For different kinds of PMBs, as specified in the above mentioned tables.
PMBs apart from the usual
characteristics of paving grade
bitumen.
ii) Elastic Recovery test. Appendix A of IS: -DO-
15462

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iii) Separation test Appendix B of IS: For different kinds of PMBs, as specified in the above mentioned tables.
15462 and / or
Appendix 2 of IS: SP:
53 (2002)
iv) Complex Modulus (G*/ Appendix C of IS: This test is specified for PMB (Plastomeric) variety only, as per IS: 15462
Sinδ) 15462
N.B. The acceptance criteria of Elastic recovery test of different kinds of
PMBs specified in IS: 15462 (2004) and IRC: SP: 53 (2002) are a bit
different. The valves specified in IRC: SP: 53 (2002) seems to be more
rational.
10. Bitumen Emulsion- Cationic type IS: 8887(2004) updated
as per
IRC: SP: 100 (2014)
[ASTMD 2397
AASHTO M208]
11. Recommended Uses Of Cationic IS: 8887(2004) Annex A of IS: 8887(2004) (page 4)
Emulsion IRC: SP: 100 (2014) And/or Table 3.1 (page 13) also should be read along with Annexure-I of
IRC: SP: 100 (2014) page 67.
Specification of Cationic IS: 8887 and/or Table 1 (page 2)
Bituminous Emulsion IRC: SP: 100 (2014) Table 3.2 (page 13)
Properties of Modified Bitumen IRC: SP: 100 (2014) Table 3.2 (page 14)
Emulsion for Micro surfacing
12. Properties of Bitumen Emulsion i) Viscosity by Say Bolt Annex A of IS: 3117 Table 3.2 of IRC: SP: 100 (2014) and/or IS: 8887(2004)
Furol Viscometer (2004)
[Bitumen emulsion for
roads and allied
applications (anionic
type)]
ii) Residue on 600 micron Annex B of IS: 8887 -DO-
IS sieve (% mass), Max
iii) Coagulation of Annex C of IS: 8887 Table 3.2 of IRC: SP: 100 and/or Table 1of IS: 8887(2004)
Emulsion at low
temperature

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Properties of Bitumen Emulsion iv) Storage stability after Annex D of IS: 8887 -DO-
(Continued…..) 24 hrs, % Maximum
v) Particle Charge Annex E of IS: 8887 -DO-
vi) Coating ability & Annex F of IS: 8887 -DO-
water resistance
vii) Stability to mixing Annex G of IS: 8887 -DO-
with cement (%
Coagulation),
Maximum
viii) Miscibility with water Annex H of IS: 8887 -DO-
Test on Residue:
ix) Residue by Annex J of IS: 8887 -DO-
evaporation
(Minimum)
x) Penetration 250C / IS: 1203 -DO-
100 gm./ 5 sec.
xi) Ductility 270 C, cm IS: 1208 -DO-
Minimum
13. New tests for Bituminous emulsion
(Cationic type) and mixes with
Bituminous emulsion.
i) Test Method for determination IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 1
of bond strength
ii) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 2
Mixing time
iii) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 3
consistency
iv) Method for determination of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 4
curing time
v) Method of wet stripping of IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 6
cured slurry

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
vi) Method for wet track IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 6
Abrasion test
vii) Test Method for determination IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 7
of torsional Elastic Recovery
of Residual Binders
viii) Calibration of slurry seal and IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 8
Micro surfacing Machine
ix) Method for design of cold IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 9
Mixes
x) Preparation of storable IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 10
Mixture at site for
intermediate use
xi) Water Resistance test IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 11
xii) Work ability test IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 11
xiii) Binder content in cold mixes IRC: SP: 100(2014) Appendix 12
14. Cationic Bituminous Emulsion- IS:3117(2004) N.B. Anionic type of Bituminous emulsion is preferable for calcareous
Anionic type Varity of aggregate (i.e. lime stone) which are not generally used in India.
The reference code for Anionic type of Bituminous emulsion is IS: 3117
(2004). Method of testing of different properties of bituminous emulsion
are provided in Annex "A" to Annex "K" of IS: 3117 (2004).
15. Cutback Bitumen IS: 217 (1998) N.B. Because of environmental issues, use of cutback bitumen is generally
restricted to sub-zero temperature and in some special cases like mending
of pot-holes in rainy season as per IRC : 116 (2014).
(i) Requirements of rapid curing IS: 217 Table 1 of IS: 217 (Pages 2 & 3)
(RC) cutback bitumen
(ii) Requirements of Medium IS: 217 Table 1 of IS: 217 (Page 3)
curing (MC) cutback bitumen
(iii) Requirements for Slow Curing IS: 217 Table 1 of IS: 217 (Page 4)
(SC) cutback bitumen

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D) Concrete Pavement –

1. Construction of Concrete Road IRC:15 (2011) Three codes IRC: 61 (tentative guideline for construction of cement
concrete pavements in Hot weather, IRC: 91 (tentative guideline for
construction of cement concrete pavements in cold weather), IRC: 84(code
of practice for curing of cement concrete pavements) have been withdrawn
and amalgamated in IRC: 15 (2011).
(i) Flexural Strength of concrete IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 4.1.4 page 11 (should be determined by third point loading of flexural
(design criteria for concrete beam 150 mm. x 150 mm. x 700 mm. as per IS:516 for all major projects)
road) N.B. Determination of flexural strength by co-relating compressive cube
strength is not allowed for major prospects.
Cl. 4.1.6 for small size project.
(ii) Expected values of standard IRC:15 (2011) Table 5 of page 12
deviation of Flexural strength
(iii) Expected values of deviation IRC:15 (2011) Table 6 of page 13
of compressive strength
(iv) Joint in concrete pavements IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 8 of page 30-38
(v) Dowel Bars IRC:15 (2011) Cl.8.3.6 of page 38
(vi) Recommended dimensions of IRC:15 (2011)and /or Table 12 of page 39
dowel bars for rigid IRC:58 (2015) Table 5 of page 28
pavements for an axel load of
10.2 Ton
(vii) Details of Tie bars for IRC:15 (2011)and /or Table 13 of page 42
longitudinal joints of two-lane IRC:58 (2015) Table 6 of page 30
rigid pavements
(viii) Acceptance criteria of strength
:-
Flexural strength IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 12.8.1 page 74
(ix) Compressive strength IRC:15 (2011) Cl. 12.8.2 page 74& 75
(x) Quality control tests for IRC:15 (2011) Table 19 of page 90, 91
paving Quality concrete
2. Design of Plain jointed rigid IRC:58 (2015)
pavement

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
3. Dry lean concrete as sub-base for IRC:SP:49 (2014) Cl.601 of 5th.Revision should also be read, however IRC: SP: 49 is the
rigid pavement guiding for DLC.
(i) Grading of aggregates IRC:SP:49 Table 1
(ii) Cement to be used IRC:SP:49 Cl. 3.1
(iii) Concrete compressive IRC:SP:49 Cl. 4.1
strength
(iv) Concrete mix proportions IRC:SP:49 Cl. 4.2
(v) Trial mix IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.1
(vi) Placing IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.5
(vii) Compaction IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.6
(viii) Control of Thickness, density IRC:SP:49 Cl. 7.10
and strength
(ix) Tests of DLC results with IRC:SP:49 Annex 'B'
different cements with
different proportions
4.1 Cement concrete design for IRC:44 (2008) to be Minimum grade of concrete for PQC: M 40 (Flexural strength 4.5 MPa),
pavements (Pavement Quality referred along with for Rural road: M: 30 for white topping: M: 50.
Concrete, PQC) IS:10262 (2009)
(i) Cement to be used IRC:44 Cl. 4.1
(ii) Coarse aggregate IRC:44 Table 1
requirements
(iii) Fine aggregate requirements IRC:44 Table 2
(iv) Mineral Admixtures IRC:44 Cl. 4.6. (Fly Ash, GBFS, Silica Fume, Metakaoline.)
(v) Admixtures IRC:44 Cl. 4.2. (Chemical admixture, air entraining admixture fibres.)
4.2 Data for Mix proportioning IRC:44 Cl. 5.
(i) Preliminary selection of IRC:44 Table 4
Water-Cement ratio for given
grade of concrete
(ii) Selection of Water content IRC:44 Cl. 7.2

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(iii) Calculation of cementations IRC:44 Cl. 7.3
Material content
[With the range of minimum
cementations material content
and maximum cement content
excluding mineral admixtures
such as fly ash, silica fume or
g.g.b.f.s.]
(iv) Estimation of coarse and fine IRC:44 Cl. 7.4 and Table 6
aggregate contents
4.3 Procedure for mix proportioning IRC:44 Cl. 9
4.4 Illustrative examples with and IRC:44 Annexure 'C' & Annexure 'D'
without mineral aggregate
5. Guidelines for Maintenance, IRC:SP:83 (2008)
Repairs and rehabilitation of
cement concrete pavements
6. Tentative guidelines for IRC:SP:76 (2008)
conventional, this and ultra-thin
white topping
7. Guidelines for the use of high IRC: SP:76 (2008)
performance concrete in bridges
8. Recommended Practice for sealing IRC: 57(2006)
of joints in concrete pavements
9. Structural Evaluation of Rigid IRC: 117 (2015)
pavement by Falling Weight
Deflectometer
10. Design and construction of IRC: 118 (2015)
continuously reinforced concrete
Pavement (CRCP)
11. Design of continuously reinforced IRC: 101 (1988)
concrete pavement with elastic
joint.

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II. BUILDING
Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
1. Soil Exploration and Testing

Number and Disposition of Test


Depth of Exploration
Locations

The number and disposition of NBC: SP7-2005 The depth of exploration required depends on the type of proposed
various tests shall depend upon structure, its total weight, the size, shape and disposition of the loaded
Part 6: Structural
type of structure / buildings and areas, soil profile, and the physical properties of the soil that
Design
the soil strata variations in the constitutes each individual stratum. Normally, it should be one and a
area. General guidelines are, Section 2 Soils & half times the width of the footing below foundation level. In weak
however, given below: Foundation soils, the exploration should be continued to a depth at which the loads
can be carried by the stratum in question without undesirable
a) For a compact building site
settlement and shear failure.
covering an area of about 0.4
hectare (4000m2) one bore
hole or trial pit in each corner
and one in the centre should Sl. Type of Foundation Depth of Foundation
be adequate.
i) Isolated spread footing or 1½ times the width
b) For smaller and less important
raft of footing.
buildings, even one bore hole
or trial pit in the centre will
ii) Adjacent footings with clear 1½ times the length of the
suffice.
spacing less than twice the footing.
c) For very large areas covering width
industrial and residential
colonies, the geological nature iii) Pile foundation To a depth of 1½ times the
of the terrain will help in width of structurefrom toe of
deciding the number of bore pile.
holes or trial pits.

Subsurface Investigation for


IS1892
Foundations

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Classification and Identification
IS 1498
of Soils

Method of different tests for Soils IS 2720

2. Material -
i) Cement
a) 33 Grade ordinary Portland
IS 269
Cement
Where chloride is encountered along with sulphates in soil or ground
b) 43 Grade ordinary Portland
IS 8112 water, OPC with C3 A content from 5 to 8% shall be desirable to be
Cement
used in concrete instead of sulphate resisting cement.
c) 53 Grade ordinary Portland
IS 12269
Cement

d) Rapid hardening Portland IS 8041 Used in cold weather concreting.


Cement

e) Portland Slag Cement IS 455 Exhibits better sulphate resisting properties if slag content is more than
50%.
f) Portland Pozzolana Cement IS 1489
(fly ash based)
(Part 1)

g) Portland Pozzolana Cement IS 1489


(calcined clay based)
(Part 2)

h) Low heat Portland Cement IS 12600 Adequate precaution shall be taken regarding removal of formwork.

i) Sulphate resisting Portland IS 12330


Cement

j) Supersulphated Cement IS 6909 Use is generally restricted where the prevailing temperature is above
40º C.

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Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
Testing of Cement
Determination of fineness of
IS 4031 (Part 1)
cement by dry sieving

Determination of soundness IS 4031 (Part 3)


Determination of consistency of
IS 4031 (Part 4)
standard cement paste
Determination of initial and final IS 4031 (Part 5)
setting time

Determination of compressive IS 4031 (Part 6)


strength

ii) Coarse and Fine Aggregates


Specification for coarse and fine IS 383
aggregates

Testing of aggregates
Methods of test for aggregates for IS 2386
concrete
(Part 1 to 8)

iii) Concrete Reinforcement and


Detailing
Mild steel and medium steel bars IS 432: Part 1

High strength deformed steel bars IS 1786


Handbook on Concrete SP 34
Reinforcement and Detailing

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iv) Concrete and Admixture
Plain and Reinforced Concrete IS 456 Apart from strength requirement grade of concrete shall be selected on the
Ready Mixed Concrete IS 4926 basis of environmental exposure condition of the structural members.
The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength
requirements when both the following conditions are met.
a) The mean strength determined from any group of four non-overlapping
consecutive test results complies with the appropriate limits in col 2 of
the following Table.
b) Any individual test result complies with the appropriate limits in col 3
of the following Table.
Characteristic Compressive Strength Compliance Requirement
Specified Mean of the Group of 4 Non-Overlapping Individual Test
Grade Consecutive Test Results in N/mm2 Results in N/mm2
≥ fck + 0.825 x established standard deviation
M 15 or
(rounded off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2) or f ck + 3 ≥ fck –3 N/mm2
above
N/mm2 whichever is greater.
Note- In the absence of established value of standard deviation, the values
given in the following Table may be assumed, and attempt should be made
to obtain results of 30 samples as early as possible to establish the value of
standard deviation. Three test specimens shall be made for each
sample for testing at 28 days. The test results of the sample shall be
the average of the strength of three specimens.
Minimum Frequency of Sampling of Concrete
Quantity of Concrete in the
Number of Samples
Work (m³)
1-5 1
6-15 2
16-30 3
31-50 4
51 and above 4 plus one additional sample for each
additional 50 m³ or part thereof.
Note- At least one sample shall be taken from each shift. When concrete is
produced at continuous production unit, such as ready mixed plant,
frequency of sampling may be agreed upon mutually by suppliers and
purchasers.

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Concrete Mix Proportioning – IS 10262 The mix shall be designed to produce the grade of concrete having the
Guidelines required workability and a characteristic strength. The target mean
strength of concrete mix should be equal to the characteristic strength
plus 1.65 times the standard deviation.

Assumed Standard Deviation


Assumed Standard
Grade of concrete
Deviation, N/mm2
M10, M15 3.5
M20, M25 4.0
M30, M35, M40, 5.0
M45, M50, M55
Concrete Admixtures (Chemical ) IS 9103 Doses of retarders, plasticisers and super plasticisers shall be restricted
to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% respectively by weight of cement.
3. Falsework and Scaffolding
Guideline for falsework for IS 14687
concrete structures
Steel tubular scaffolding IS 4014: Part1
4. Construction of Foundation
Construction of Shallow IS 1080
Foundation in soils
Construction of foundation in IS1904
soils on plane and sloping ground
– General Requirements
Construction of Raft Foundations IS 2950(Part I)
Construction of Driven cast-in IS2911: Part1:Sec 1
situ concrete piles The L- bends in the reinforcements at the bottom of the piles should
Construction of Bored cast-in situ IS 2911: Part1:Sec 2 not be provided to avoid formation of soft toe.
concrete piles
Construction of Timber piles IS 2911:Part2
Static Load Test on piles IS 2911: Part 4 Initial load test on piles shall ensure safe pile capacity as well as
greater economy in foundation.
Non- Destructive Integrity Test of IS 14893 Pile integrity test may be recommended to ascertain the structural
Piles integrity of piles.

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5. Provision for Lift
Guidelines for outlinedimensions IS 14665: Part 1 Clear dimensions of lift well shall be verified before construction
of passenger, goods, service and
hospital lifts
6. Fire Safety of Building
Fire Safety of building : General IS 1641, IS1642, Fire safety norms shall be strictly adhered to while planning and
guidelines IS 1643, IS 1644 designing a building, deciding sizes of different structural and non-
structural elements as well as selecting finishing items.
Fire Safety of Educational IS 14435
Building
7. Earthquake Resistant Structure
Criteria for earthquake resistant IS 1893 To make a building earthquake resistant the provisions given in the
design of structures codes shall be strictly followed while planning, designing and
construction.
Earthquake resistant design and IS 4326
construction of buildings
Ductile detailing of reinforced IS 13920 Building frame systems shall be designed as special R C moment
concrete structures subjected to resisting frame complying with the ductile detailing to reduce the dead
seismic force weight of the structure.
Seismic Evaluation, Repair and IS 13935 Cost wise the building construction including the seismic code
Strengthening of Masonry provisions in the first instance, works outthe cheaper in terms of its
Buildings - Guideline own safety and that of theoccupants. Retrofitting an existing
inadequate buildingmay involve as much as 2.5 to 3 times the initial
Seismic Evaluation and IS 15988 extraexpenditure required on seismic resisting features.
Strengthening of Existing
Reinforced Concrete Buildings
- Guideline Repair and seismic strengthening of a damaged building may even be 4
to 6 times as expensive. It is therefore very much safe as well as cost-
effective to construct earthquake resistant buildings at the initial stage
itself according to the relevant seismic IndianStandards.

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III. BRIDGE WORKS


Sl. No. Item / Activity Test Reference Code Acceptance Criteria / Guideline / Special Features
1. Sub-Surface Exploration
A. INVESTIGATION
i) Preliminary Investigation Stage
· study geological
information.
· data of nearby structures, if
any.
· site investigation about river
bed and banks, etc.
ii) Detailed Investigation Stage IRC:78-2014 Rotary drills with casing diameter not less than 150 mm shall be used
· determine the characteristics Cl. No 704 upto the level of rock.
of the existing geo-materials
· establish the design
parameters
iii) Construction Stage
· confirm the characteristics of
geo-materials at foundation
locations.
B. TESTS FOR DEEP
FOUNDATION
i) Bed level to anticipated maximum In-situ Tests :- Sampling -
scour depth Permeability tests. Disturbed samples may be collected.
· Soil Classification
IRC:78-2014
· Particles size distribution Laboratory Tests - Appendix-2
· Permeability, where Classification Tests,
dewatering is expected including particle size
distribution.

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ii) Maximum anticipated scour level Laboratory Tests : Sampling for Laboratory Tests :
to the foundation level
a) Classification Tests Same as above & Undisturbed samples shall be collected.
· Soil Classification. including particle size
distribution. Notes:
· Particles size distribution
b) Moisture content, 1) Laboratory tests to be conducted according to the relevant parts
· Moisture content, density, density, void ratio of IS 2720,
void ratio.
c) Shear strength - 2) Use of sophisticated equipment like, pressure meter may be made,
· Shear strength. Triaxial tests to be if suitable co-relations for interpretation of data collected are
done on undisturbed available.
· Compressibility. samples. Unconfined
compression tests to 3) Down hole/Cross hole seismic surveys shall be as per ASTM
· Permeability where be done on 4428/D 4428 M
dewatering is expected. undisturbed and/or IRC:78-2014
remoulded samples 4) Seismic Methods and/or Electrical Resistivity Method can be used
· Chemical analysis of soil Appendix-2 for soil/rock profiling. Down hole/Cross hole seismic surveys
and ground water (for d) Consolidation tests. could be used for establishing elastic moduli and rock profiling at
aggressive elements). greater depths.
In-situ Tests for
Cohesionless soils : 5) Down hole/Cross hole seismic surveys are useful for long bridges
(i.e. of the order of 1 km and above) and for reducing the number
a) Dynamic Cone of bores taken in the portions that are permanently under water.
Penetration Test. For these applications, geotechnical profiles obtained by seismic
methods shall be calibrated /confirmed with actual profiles taken
b) Standard Penetration by bores at intermediate locations.
Test.

c) Down hole/Cross hole


seismic surveys.

d) Permeability tests.

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In-situ Tests for
Cohesive Soils :
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS
a) Dynamic Cone
OF ROCKS
Penetration Test.
b) Static Cone Penetration Unconfined
Test - cone and skin Rock Compressive
Description
resistance Type Strength (UCS) in
c) Field Vane Shear Test. MPa

d) Permeability tests. Extremely Cannot be scratched with knife or > 200


Strong sharp pick. Breaking of specimen
e) Down hole/Cross hole
could be done by sledge hammer
seismic surveys
only.

IRC:78-2014 Very Cannot be scratched with knife or 100 to 200


Strong sharp pick. Breaking of specimens
Appendix-2 requires several hard blows of
geologists' pick.

Strong Can be scratched with knife or pick 50 to 100


with difficulty. Hard blow of
hammer required to detach hand
specimen.

iii) Foundation level to about 1.5 Same as above.


times of the width of foundation
and below it.
· Soil Classification
· Shear Strength
· Compressibility

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2. Open Foundations
i) Construction · The protective works shall be completed before the floods so that
the foundation does not get undermined.
· Excavation on open foundations shall be done after taking
necessary safety precautions for which guidance may be taken
IRC:78-2014 from IS 3764.
Cl. No 707 · Where blasting is required to be done for excavation in rock, and
is likely to endanger adjoining foundations or other structures,
necessary precautions, such as, controlled blasting, providing
suitable mat cover to prevent flying of debris, etc. shall be taken
to prevent any damage.

ii) Condition for laying of · Normally, the open foundations should be laid dry. Dewatering
foundations by pumping or depression of water by well point, etc. may be
resorted to.
IRC:78-2014
Cl. No 707 · If foundations cannot be laid dry the foundation concrete may be
laid under water only by tremie pipe. No pumping of water shall
be permitted from the time of placing of concrete upto 24 hours
after placement.
iii) Backfilling trenches around the · All spaces excavated and not occupied by abutments, pier or other
footing permanent works shall be refilled with earth upto the surface of
the surrounding ground, with sufficient allowance for settlement.
All backfill shall be thoroughly compacted and in general, its top
surface shall be neatly graded.
IRC:78-2014 · In case of excavation in rock, the trenches around the footing
Cl. No 707 shall be filled-up with concrete of M 15 grade upto top of the
rock.
· If the depth of fill required is more than 1.5 m in soft rock or 0.6
m in hard rock above the foundation level, then concrete may be
filled upto this level by M 15 concrete and portion above may be
filled by concrete or by boulders grouted with cement.

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3. Well Foundations
i) SAND ISLAND IRC:78-2014 · Sand island where provided shall be protected against scour and
Appendix-4 the top level shall be sufficiently above the prevailing water level
so that it is safe against wave action.
· The dimension of the sand island shall not be less than three
times the dimension in plan of the well.
ii) Tilts and Shifts IRC:78-2014 · As far as possible, the wells shall be sunk plumb without any tilts
Cl. No 708 and shifts. However, a tilt of 1 in 80 and a shift of 150 mm due to
translation shall be allowed.
· If the actual tilts and shifts exceed the above limits, then the
remedial measures have to be resorted to bring the well within
that limit.
If it is not possible then its effect on bearing pressure, steining
stress and other structural elements shall be examined.
iii) Bottom Plug · The bottom plug shall be provided in all wells and the top shall be
kept not lower than 300 mm in the centre above the top of the
curb. A suitable sump shall be below the level of the cutting edge.
Before concerting the bottom plug, it shall be ensured that it’s
inside faces have been cleaned thoroughly.
· The concrete mix used in bottom plug shall have a minimum
cement content of 330 kg/m3 and a slump of about 150 mm to
IRC:78-2014 permit easy flow of concrete through tremie to place fill-up all
Cl. No 708 cavities.
· Concrete shall be laid in one continuous operation till dredge hole
is filled to required height.
· For under water concreting, the concrete shall be placed by tremie
under still water condition and the cement content of mix be
increased by 10 percent.
If any dewatering is required it shall be carried out after 7 days
have elapsed after bottom plugging.

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iv) Construction stage IRC:78-2014
Cl. No 704 & · The well shall as far as possible be sunk true to position and
· Cutting edge and the top of Appendix-4 vertical.
the well curb shall be placed · Sinking should not be started till the steining has been cured for at
truly horizontal. least 48 hours.
· The cutting edge shall be · Dredged material shall be deposited evenly around the well.
placed on dry bed.
· Sumps made by dredging below cutting edge shall preferably not
· Well steining shall be built be more than half the internal diameter.
in lifts and the first lift shall
be laid after sinking the curb · A complete record of sinking operation including tilt and shifts,
at least partially for stability. kentledge, dewatering, blasting, etc. done during sinking shall be
maintained.
· The steining shall be built in
one straight line from bottom · During the construction of wells when it has not reached the
to top right angle to the founding level or has not been plugged, the wells are likely to be
plane of the curb. subjected to full pressure due to water current upto full scour.
This may result in tilting, sliding and shifting. Safety of well must
· Sand blowing in wells can be ensured by suitable methods, where required.
often be minimized by
keeping the level of water
inside the well higher than
the water table and also by
adding heavy kentledge.
4. Pile Foundation [Bored Piles]
i) Diameter Tolerances
The minimum diameter shall be Permissible tolerances for piles :-
1.0 m for river/marine bridges. For vertical piles 75 mm at piling platform level and tilt not exceeding
For bridges beyond the water 1 in 150.
zone and for bridges on land, the IRC:78-2014 · In the exceptional case of interruption of concreting, which can be
diameter may be reduced upto
Cl. No 709 resumed within 1 or 2 hours, time to time the tremie shall be raised
750 mm.
and lowered slowly and Concreting should be resumed by
Max. W.C. ratio 0.4 introducing a little richer concrete with a slump of about 200 mm.
Slump (mm) 150-200 If the concreting cannot be resumed before final set of already
Min. Cement contents 400 kg/m3 placed concrete, the pile so cast may be rejected or accepted with
modifications.

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· In case of withdrawal of tremie out of the concrete, either
accidentally or to remove a choke in the tremie, the tremie may be
reintroduced in the following manner
i) The tremie shall be gently lowered on to the old concrete with
very little penetration initially.
ii) A vermiculite plug / surface retarders should be introduced in the
tremie.
iii) Fresh concrete of slump between 150 mm to 175 mm should be
filled in the tremie which will push the plug forward and will
emerge out of the tremie displacing the laitance/scum.
iv) The tremie will be pushed further in steps.
v) When tremie is buried by about 60 to 100 cm. concreting may be
resumed.
Small diameter piles for Road Guideline for Design and Construction of Small diameter piles for
IRC : SP:109 (2015)
Bridges Road Bridges.
ii) Construction stage · When concreting is carried out for a pile, a temporary casing
should be installed to sufficient depth.
· Minimum 200 mm diameter Tremie shall be used.
· The first charge of concrete should be placed with a sliding plug.
IRC:78-2014
· The tremie pipe should always penetrate well into the concrete.
Cl. No 709 · The pile should be concreted wholly in one continuous operation
· All tremie tubes should be scrupulously cleaned after use.
· The 'L' bends in the reinforcements at the bottom of the piles
should not be provided.
iii) Routine load test IS : 2911 ( Part 4 ) -
· Routine load test should be 1985 Total number of Piles Minimum No. of Test
done at foundations of for the Bridge Piles
bridges to reconfirm or Upto 50 2
modify the allowable loads.
Upto150 3
· The lateral load test may
be conducted on two Beyond 150 2 percent of total piles
adjacent piles.

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iv) Pile dynamic test & Pile IRC:78-2014
integrity test Appendix-7
· The test procedure is
standardized as per ASTM
D4945 and ASTM D5882
The number of tests shall be
decided by the Engineer - in -
charge.
5. Substructure
· In case of plain concrete substructure, surface reinforcement at
the rate of 2.5 kg/m2 shall be provided in each direction, i.e., both
horizontally and vertically. Spacing of such bars shall not exceed
200 mm.
· The backfill behind the wing and return walls shall conform to the
specifications in Appendix-6 with provision for proper drainage.
IRC:78-2014 · Adequate number of weep holes not exceeding one metre spacing
Cl. No 710 & in both directions should be provided. The weep holes should be
Appendix-6 provided above the low water level.
· Wing walls may be laid at any suitable angle to the abutment. In
case of river bridges, these are normally splayed in plan at 45°.
· Two layers of mesh reinforcement shall be provided - one at 20
mm and other at 100 mm from top of pedestal or pier cap, which
support bearings and at jack location for lifting of superstructure,
each consisting of 8 mm bars at 100 mm in both directions.
6. Superstructure
The factors influencing
durability of concrete include: Durability Recommendations for Service Life of at Least 100 Years
· The environment (20 mm Aggregate) (IRC:112-2011)
· The cover to embedded steel Exposure Maximum Minimum Minimum Minimum
· The type and quality of Condition water/cement cement grade of Cover,
IRC:112-2011 ratio content kg/m3 concrete mm
materials
· The cement content and w/c Moderate 0.45 340 M25 40
ratio Severe 0.45 360 M30 45
· Compaction and efficient curing Very Severe 0.40 380 M40 50
· The shape and size of the Extreme 0.35 400 M45 75
member.

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PRESTRESSING · In practice, the force and elongation of tendon may not exactly
match with the expected values given in stressing schedule and
· Prestressing steel may be
either the force (or the elongation) will be achieved first and the
tensioned by means of
other value lag behind. In such cases the force (or elongation) shall
hydraulic or mechanical jacks.
be further increased, but not exceeding 5 percent of the design
· The tension apparatus shall be value till the elongation (or force), which had lagged behind
such that it facilitates reaches the design value. If, even lagged quantity does not reach
measurement and control of the design value, reference should be made to the designer for
application of force. review and corrective action.
IS 1343 : 2012 i) The initial tension required to remove slackness shall be taken as
· .The anchorage provided for Cl. No 13.2 the starting point for measuring elongation.
the temporary gripping of
ii) Further increase of tension shall be carried out in suitable steps
tendons on the tensioning
and corresponding elongations noted.
apparatus shall be secured and
iii) The ‘force-elongation’ relationship shall be recorded in tabular
such as not to damage the and/or graphical form.
tendon.
iv) The magnitude of initial effective elongation corresponding to
initial tension applied to remove slackness shall be obtained from
the recorded and linearized portion of measured tension
elongation relationship and added to the measured elongation to
give the total elongation.
7. Material
i) Cement
· Ordinary Portland Cement 33 Chemical admixtures
Grade conforming to IS 269 · To improve properties of fresh concrete such as workability,
· Ordinary Portland Cement 43 admixtures conforming to IS 9103 may be used.
Grade conforming to IS 8112 Mineral admixtures
· Ordinary Portland Cement 53 IRC:112-2011 · Fly ash conforming to Grade-I of IS 3812-2003
Grade conforming to IS 12269
Cl. No 18.4 & 14.3.2.5 · Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS) conforming to
· Rapid Hardening Portland IS 12089
Cement conforming to IS · Silica fume conforming to IS 15388.
8041
· Sulphate Resistant Portland Maximum cement content
Cement conforming to IS Cement content shall not exceed 450 kg/m3
12330

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· Portland Pozzolana Cement
conforming to IS 1489 (Part-I)
· Portland Blast Furnace Slag
Cement conforming to IS 455
· Low Heat Portland Cement
conforming to IS 12600
ii) Concrete (IRC:112-2011)
Procedure for Design of Mix Minimum Frequency of Sampling of Concrete
· Procedures as per any national
code Quantity of Concrete in Work
Number of Samples
· The target mean strength of
(m³)
concrete shall exceed the 1-5 1
specified characteristic strength 6-15 2
by at least the margin (called
current margin) taken as 1.645 16-30 3
times the standard deviation 31-50 4
· Where the standard deviation is 51 and above 4 plus one additional sample for
not available, the current each additional 50 m³ or part
margin for the initial mix design thereof.
shall be taken as 10 MPa
Concreting in Hot Weather
· The temperature of concrete at the time of placement should be
as low as possible, but in no case more than 30°C
Concreting in Cold Weather
· concrete shall have a temperature of at least 5°C at the time of
placing
Curing and Protection of Concrete
· The concrete shall be kept constantly wet for a minimum
period of 14 (fourteen) days by ponding or covering with a
layer of wet sacking, canvas, hessian or similar absorbent
material.

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iii) Reinforcement IRC:112-2011 Mechanical Properties :

actual 0.2% Proof Stress /


Yield Stress but not less
Minimum Yield Stress /
Relevant BIS Standard

0.2% Proof Stress fyk

Strength, as % of the
Grade / Designation

Min. % Elongation
Minimum Tensile
Type of Steel

than
Bars upto&
20 mm dia. 410 MPa 23
IS:432 = 250 MPa
Mild
Grade - I (Part-1) -
Steel
1982 20 mm ≤
dia 50 mm 410 MPa 23
= 240 MPa
110% (not less
Fe 415 14.5
than 485 MPa)
IS: 1786 415 MPa
112% (not less
High Fe 415D 18.0
than 500 MPa)
Yield 108% (not less
Strength Fe 500 12.0
than 545 MPa)
Deformed IS: 1786 500 MPa
Steel 110% (not less
Fe 500D 16.0
(HYSD than 565 MPa)
Steel) 106% (not less
Fe 550 10.0
IS: 1786- than 585 MPa)
550 MPa
2008 108% (not less
Fe 550D 14.5
than 600 MPa)
IS: 1786- 106% (not less
Fe 600 600 MPa 10.0
2008 than 600 MPa)

For seismic zones III, IV & V


HYSD steel bars having minimum elongation of 14.5 percent and
conforming to other requirements of IS 1786 shall be used.

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Chemical Composition :
Percent Maximum
Constituent
Fe 415 Fe 415D Fe 500 Fe 500D Fe 550 Fe 550D Fe 600
Carbon 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.30

Sulphur 0.060 0.045 0.055 0.040 0.055 0.040 0.040

Phosphorus 0.060 0.045 0.055 0.040 0.050 0.040 0.040


Sulphur and
0.110 0.085 0.105 0.075 0.100 0.075 0.075
Phosphorus
iv) Prestressing Steel IRC:112-2011
Nominal Nominal relaxation Low relaxation

Class
Designation area Breaking 0.2% Proof Breaking 0.2% Proof
· Stress relieved multiply mm² Load, kN Load, kN Load, kN Load, kN
strands of normal relaxation I 11.1 mm 7 ply 70.0 124.54 105.86 120.1 108.0
IS: 6006 12.7 mm 7 ply 92.9 166.18 139.9 160.1 144.1
15.2 mm 7 ply 139.0 226.86 192.83 240.2 216.2
· Stress-relieved multiply II 11.1 mm 7 ply 74.2 137.89 117.21 137.9 124.1
strands of low relaxation 12.7 mm 7 ply 98.8 183.71 156.11 183.7 165.3
IS:14268 15.2 mm 7 ply 140.0 261.44 222.23 260.7 234.6

v) Structural Steel IS 2062 : 2011


GRADES
· There shall be nine grades of
steel. · For semi-killed steel, silicon shall be less than 0.10 percent.
· For grades E 250 to E 410,
there shall be four sub-
· For killed steel, when the steel is killed by aluminium alone, the
qualities (A, BR, B0 and C).
total aluminium content shall not be less than 0.02 percent. When
· For grades E 450 to E 650, the steel is killed by silicon alone, the silicon content shall not be
there shall be two sub- less than 0.10 percent. When the steel is silicon-aluminium killed,
qualities (A and BR). the silicon content shall not be less than 0.03 percent and total
· Sub-qualities A, BR, B0 and aluminium content shall not be less than 0.01 percent.
C indicate requirement of
impact test and mode of de-
oxidation as indicated below:

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1. A: Impact test not

Internal Bend Diameter


Percentage Elongation A, Min

Charpy Impact Test


at Gauge Length, Lo = 5.65
required, semi-

(See Note 2)

(See Note 3)
Yield Stress
Grade Designation

RH, Min
killed/killed

Rm, Min MPa ¹⁾


Tensile Strength

MPa ¹⁾

Min
(See Note 1)
Quality
2. BR: Impact test optional;
if required at room
temperature; semi-
killed/killed.
Temp Min
<20 20-40 >40 ≤25 >25
⁰C J
3. B0: Impact test A - -
mandatory at 0°C, semi- BR RT 27
killed/killed. E250 410 250 240 230 23 2t 3t
B0 0 27
4. C: Impact test mandatory C (-) 20 27
at – 20°C, killed. A - -
BR RT 27
E275 430 275 265 255 22 2t 3t
B0 0 27
C (-) 20 27
A - -
BR RT 27
E 00 440 300 290 280 22 2t -
B0 0 27
C (-) 20 27
A - -
BR RT 27
E350 490 350 330 320 22 2t -
B0 0 27
C (-) 20 27
A - -
BR RT 25
E410 540 410 390 380 20 2t -
B0 0 25
C (-) 20 25
A - -
E450 570 450 430 420 20 2.5t -
BR RT 20
A - -
E550 650 550 530 520 12 3t -
BR RT 20
A - -
E600 730 600 580 570 12 3.5t -
BR RT 15
A - -
E650 780 650 630 620 12 4t -
BR RT 15

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NOTES
1. In case product thickness / diameter more than 100 mm, lower
minimum limit of tensile strength may be mutually agreed to
between the purchaser and the manufacturer / supplier.
2. Bend test not required for thickness > 25 mm for grades E300 to
E650, ‘t’ is the thickness of test piece.
3. For sub-quality BR, impact test is optional; if required at room
temperature (25 ± 2⁰C).
* 1MPa = 1N/mm² = 1MN/m² = 0.102 kgf/mm² = 144.4 psi.
8. Miscellaneous
i) Falsework IRC: 87 - 2011 Design, fabrication, and erection of falsework, IRC: 87 "Guidelines for
the Design and Erection of Falsework for Road Bridges" shall be
followed.
· The formwork should be robust and strong and the joints should
be leak proof
· Form release agents of approved quality shall be used
· Ensure that at the time of striking, the concrete does not get
disturbed and the forms are conveniently removed
ii) Metal arc welding for IS : 816-1969
fabrication of steel structures Code of Practice for Electrodes shall conform to IS :814 - 2004
1. Metal arc welding use of Metal Arc
· Fillet Weld Welding for General
Construction in Mild
· Butt Weld Steel (First Revision)
2. Submerged arc IS : 4353 -1995
welding Submerged Arc
Welding of Mild Steel
and Low Alloy Steels
Recommendations
(First Revision)

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Handbook
ISIHB MMAW (1965)
ISI Handbook of
Manual Metal Arc
Welding for Welders
SAFETY REQUIREMENT IS :818- 1968
Code of Practice for
Safety and Health
Requirements in
Electric and Gas
Welding and Cutting
Operations (First
Revision)
INSPECTION AND TESTING IS : 822- 1970
Code of Procedure for
Inspection of Welds
IS : 812-1957
Glossary of Terms
Relating to Welding
and Cutting of Metals

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