BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology

Course Code: TEX2105

Assignment
Group-E {W-8}
Topic- Discussion on different types of industrial
woven fabrics

Submitted to

Md. Mahbubul Haque

Lecturer

Department of Textile Engineering

BUFT

Submitted by

191-027-801

191-032-801

191-036-801

191-037-801

191-040-801
Background
The readymade garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the most
important export oriented industry of the country. In 2004, the sector’s
contribution to GDP was 9.11% alone while the share of the total export
of the country was 12.18% only (Bangladesh Bank, 2005). The export of
RMG has been the driver of the enhanced contribution of the export to
the GDP over the last two decades.

In the beginning of the 1980s, Bangladesh’s export stood at US$0.9

billion, which increased to US$1.8 billion in 1990, and then, to US$6.5
billion a decade later. The annual average growth of real exports in
1980s was slightly higher than the real GDP rate of 3.4% (Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics, 2002). However, it was in the 1990s when the
country’s growth rate of real exports went at a faster pace: 12.5% as
against the real GDP growth rate of 4.8%. The increasing share of RMG
exports drove such a growth of export and increasing share of export in
GDP in the total export. In 1985, the RMG export constituted only about
12% and increased to an average of 65% in the 90s. In 2002, the sector
directly employed 1.5 million people out of which 80% was female
(Rashid, 2005; Siddiqi, 2004).

A close look at the composition of RMG export of Bangladesh over the

last two decades reveals that the woven garments sub-sector constituted
the lion’s share. In fact, the beginning of the development of RMG sector
started with woven garments in 1985. In the first half the 90s, the share
of woven garments was above 80%. However, the share gradually
started to decline to about 70% in five years late and to 62% in 2004 and
to 38.80% in 2005-2006 (Export Promotion Bureau Bangladesh,
2006). In addition, compared to its double-digit growth in the 90s, the
woven garments export grew only about 8% in 2000. Such a declining
growth rate and a steep decline of the share of woven garments export in
the total RMG export makes it urgent to re-evaluate the status of the
sector of Bangladesh vis-à-vis with that of the competing
countries. Moreover, with the dominance of the proponents of free
market economy, some changes are taking place in the global trade
regulations affecting the readymade garments sector of Bangladesh in
general. One example of such change is the phasing out of the apparel
quota on December 31, 2004.
Under these circumstances, it is imperative to assess the
competitiveness of the woven garments sector of Bangladesh in the
global market place. Hence this study analyzes the woven garments
industry of Bangladesh from strategic management perspectives.

Introduction

As woven fabrics are now the mostly used fabric in Bangladesh and also
all over the world, which helps and plays a very much important and vital
role in our as well the whole world economy. So, here we will describe
“Different types of Industrial Woven fabrics” briefly.

Weaving & Woven Fabric

Weaving is the process of making woven fabric. Woven fabrics are made
by using two or more sets of yarn interlaced at right angles to each other.
Much variety is produced by weaving. Woven fabrics are generally more
durable. They can be easily cut into different shapes and are excellent for
producing styles in garments. However, the raw edges ravel or fray easily
and need to be protected. Fabrics having more fabric count (number of
wrap and weft yearns present) keep the shape well. Low count fabrics are
less durable and may snag or stretch.

Woven fabrics are manufactured in different widths depending on the end

use. The fabrics used for apparels usually contain 90 cms width. The
Sheeting materials are generally made having a width of 160 cm/140cms
and 150cms/180 cms.

Industrial Woven Fabrics

Woven fabrics are usually manufactured in different widths depending on the
end use. Some of the mostly used woven fabrics are here-

Buckram Fabric

It is a stiff coated fabric made from a

lightweight loosely woven fabric, impregnated with adhesives and
fillers. This fabric is used as interfacing so as to provide support and
shape retention to necklines, collars, belts, cuffs, waistbands, button
closures etc in garments. They are also used as reinforcements for
handbags and other articles.

Chiffon Fabric

Chiffon fabrics are sheer, lightweight fabrics

made of hard twisted yarns. Originally these are made in silk fabrics but
today they are made from rayon or polyester. They are used for sarees
and women’s evening wear. The fabrics encounter the problem of
shrinkage.
Denim Fabric

It was traditionally a yarn dyed, warp-faced

cotton twill fabric. Warp is usually coloured (mostly blue, maroon, green
and brown) and weft is white. This fabric is made of two weights for
sportswear and overalls. Its use as jeans has made it very popular and so
the nature of denim is also changed to suit the trend. It is often napped,
printed and made with stretch yarn.

Mulmul Fabric

It is an Indian term generally applied to fine

cotton fabric slightly heavier, than muslin. These are often printed fabrics.
They find use as sarees.

Muslin Fabric

Muslin is a lightweight open cloth of plain

weave. It may be used as grey or bleached and dyed. It is used as
household textiles and dress materials. The name is derived from the city
of Mosul where the fabric was first made.
 It is a very light and open tabby (plain) weave fabric used for summer
dresses and utility use. At first, the cloth was not always plain but could
also have silk and gold thread woven into it. As the ability to spin yarns of
greater fineness developed cotton was used more readily than silk. In this
muslin, the motif weaves in and out of the cloth, as if it has been
embroidered. In the Madras net, the motif is predominately woven on the
surface.

Poplin Fabric

Poplin is a medium weight, the cotton fabric

having a fine weft rib. it is generally used for shirting, dresses, and
upholstery.

Sheeting Fabric

These are primarily used for bed coverings.

They are medium weight, closely woven fabrics woven either in plain or
twin weave. Sheeting fabrics are made in different widths. High-quality
cotton sheetings are made in plain weave with a width of 64″ x 58″ and in a
twill weave with a width of 60″x72″.
Taffeta Fabric

Taffeta is a smooth, crisp, transparent fabric

having a fine rib. Originally it is made with silk fibres but now it is also
made of rayon. It has a characteristic finish which produces crispness. It is
used as women’s evening wear.

Tissue Fabric

It is a fine fabric either made of silk or man-

made fibre. They are characteristically interwoven with gold or silver
threads. It is produced in rich colours and they are used as women’s dress
material, sarees etc.

Velvet Fabric

It is a warp cut pile fabric, originally made from

silk. It is also produced in Rayon. The dense cut pile makes it very soft and
lustrous. It is used as dress materials for women and children. It is also
produced with special high twisted yarns which are single or ply yarns.
Based on the yarns used and twist given, they are named as semi violes
 (single yarns1x1) full voiles. (ply yarns 2×2) or half voile (double in warp
and single in weft 2×1).

Mousseline Fabric

A term used to denote very fine clear fabrics,

finer than muslins. Made of silk, wool or cotton, the weave structure is
either (plain) tabby or two and one twill. In the 18th century, the British
term referred to a fine cloth with a cotton warp and a worsted weft. In
France, from the late 18th century onwards mousseline-delaines were
made of very fine wool which was printed in beautiful designs. This fabric
proved very popular for fashionable as dress and shawl fabrics. The
mousseline cloth is so fine and transparent it is often found backed with
another cloth of either a satin or taffeta silk.

Current situation & reason of Woven garments in

Bangladesh:
Bangladesh is a country of inborn weavers. If we turn back near past we
see that the local woven sector was very rich in product mix . But day by day our
woven sector is lagging behind. It’s a matter of great sorrow that we produce only
30% of woven fabric and exports 70% of woven fabric from abroad. So, it
represents a very weak situation of our woven industry.
 The main reasons of the poor situations are-

Power consumption

Requirement of space

Buyer recommendation

Very less woven Dyeing facility

Top Exporting countries

The main markets of Bangladesh woven products of Bangladesh are the

European Union countries and the United States. Historically, these two
markets have counted for over 90% of the entire woven export of the
country. In the EU, the bigger markets are the U.K., Germany, Sweden,
Italy, and the Netherlands. In the North American region, besides the US,
Canada is a substantial market where woven garments export of BD is
gradually increasing. Among the new markets, Japan and Turkey seem
to be big potentials, where a greater share of woven export is going every
year. The following table compiled upon the data from Export Promotion
Bureau of Bangladesh shows the markets of Bangladeshi woven products
and the value of export and the share of total woven garments export in
each.

Countries 2003/2004 2002/2003 2001/2002 2000/2001

Value in % of Value in % of Value in % of Value in % of

US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total

EU Countries
Countries 2003/2004 2002/2003 2001/2002 2000/2001

Value in % of Value in % of Value in % of Value in % of

US$ total US$ total US$ total US$ total

Austria 4904 0.14 3252 0.1 4514 0.14 5932 0.18

Belgium 82803 2.34 84174 2.58 69153 2.21 89351 2.66

Cyprus 184 0.01 89 80 106

Czech Rep. 1152 0.03 1546 0.05 1199 0.04 630 0.02

Germany 685600 19.38 443332 13.61 380097 12.16 442425 13.15

Japan 15981 0.45 11740 0.36 13028 0.42 7540 0.22

Turkey 3846 0.11 420 0.01 411 0.01 73

U.K 382191 10.8 370349 11.37 301393 9.65 266889 7.93

Sweden 63161 1.79 49496 1.52 42580 1.36 47277 1.41

 Advantages of Industrial Woven Fabrics

Compared to other textiles, industrial woven fabrics carry many significant

benefits. Some of these benefits include:

Cost-effectiveness: Industrial woven materials are generally very

affordable while offering a substantial return-on-investment in the form of
a long-lasting, high-performance textile.

Environmentally friendly: Weaving already requires very little energy, and

many textile manufacturers use advanced thermal recycling technology to
minimize the heat waste associated with woven production. The weaving
process uses CO2 while returning oxygen back into the environment. In
addition, the raw materials for woven fabrics are a renewable resource.

Low specific weight: Due to their low specific weight, woven materials
may often be stiffer than glass while also having a higher specific strength.
These qualities are especially important for structural elements that require
a high degree of bending stiffness.

Excellent physical characteristics: While most commonly recognized for

their strength characteristics, woven materials may have other appealing
physical properties as well. For instance, industrial woven fabrics are
typically weather-resistant, won’t absorb water, and are low-maintenance,
contributing to their long working life under hazardous conditions.

Applications for Industrial Woven Fabrics

These benefits lend woven fabrics versatility, making them increasingly

common in fields as divergent as medical and consumer goods. Examples
of the diverse applications of industrial woven fabrics include:

 Filtration materials and membranes for chemical processing

 Oxidized fuel cell materials
 Friction materials, such as for automotive applications
 Seat belts and safety harnesses for automotive, aerospace, and recreational
applications
 Upholstery for furniture
 Personal protective equipment and uniforms used by firefighters, divers,
and military personnel
 Components of structural composite materials, such as those used to
reinforce aircraft.

Conclusion:

No doubt that, woven sector or woven industry is the promising sector in

Bangladesh. It needs real patronization but the real scenario is totally
different. To import woven machinery or accessories, vendor doesn’t get
any holiday facilities. But if we focus in China, India, Japan, Sweden or other
woven fabric producing countries we notice that their producers have got
huge facilities provided by their government. But beside all this laggings we
know that we are standing towards a great opportunity that is technical
textile. It’s application is gradually increasing day by day. An important part
is that 90% of technical textiles are made by woven fabrics. So now if we
want to grab the opportunity or catch the market we must have to improve
our present condition of woven industry as well as woven sector.