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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Helical Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: 1 of 5

This spreadsheet illustrates the design check of helical stair at ...

Reference : Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook - C.E.Reynolds and J.C.Steedman - 25.2 Stairs

Materials Concrete fcu := 30MPa Reinforcement fy := 390MPa

fyv := 235MPa

d := h − ⎛⎜ 40 + 16 +
16 ⎞
Cross section h := 200mm : depth of section ⎟ mm
⎝ 2 ⎠
b := 2500mm : width of stair d = 136 mm

d1 := b − ⎛⎜ 40 + 10 +
16 ⎞
Ri := 1000mm : internal radius ⎟ mm
⎝ 2 ⎠
Ro := 3600mm : external radius d1 = 2442 mm

Load calculation
Dead load
h
Concrete slab gslab := ⋅ 24kPa
m gslab = 4.8 kPa
100mm
Steps gstep := ⋅ 24kPa gstep = 2.4 kPa
m
g := gslab + gstep g = 7.2 kPa

Live load
q := 4kPa
ULC
w := 1.4 ⋅ g + 1.6 ⋅ q
w = 16.48 kPa
for helical stair of 2.6m width
kN
W := 2.6m ⋅ w W = 42.85
m

Design moment, shear and torsion

β := 250deg
b
= 12.5
ϕ := 20deg h

Radius of centerline of loading

⎛ R 3 − R 3⎞
R1 :=
2 ⎝ o i ⎠
3 ⎛ R 2 − R 2⎞ R1 = 2.54 m
⎝ o i ⎠

Radius of centerline of steps

R2 :=
1
(
R + Ro
2 i
) R2 = 2.3 m

Helical stair design check Page 1 of 5 Rev A

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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Helical Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

R1
= 1.11
R2

We choose the chart table 177 (Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook - C.E.Reynolds and J.C.Steedman)
using strain-energy principles to get the moments and force via k1, k2, k3 parameters

k1 := −0.17 k2 := 2.12 k3 := −0.42

Redundant moment acting tangentially at midspan

2
M0 := k1 ⋅ W ⋅ R2 M0 = −38.53 kNm
Horizontal redundant force at midspan

H := k2 ⋅ W ⋅ R2 H = 208.93 kN

Vertical moment at supports

2
Mvs := k3 ⋅ W ⋅ R2 Mvs = −95.2 kNm
At support
β
θ := θ = 125 deg
2

Lateral moment

Mn := M0 ⋅ sin ( θ) ⋅ sin ( ϕ) − H ⋅ R2 ⋅ θ ⋅ tan ( ϕ) ⋅ cos ( θ) ⋅ sin ( ϕ) − H ⋅ R2 ⋅ sin ( θ) ⋅ cos ( ϕ) ...

(
+ W ⋅ R1 ⋅ sin ( ϕ) ⋅ R1 ⋅ sin ( θ) − R2 ⋅ θ )
Mn = −415.22 kNm

Torsional moment
T := ⎛⎝ M0 ⋅ sin ( θ) − H ⋅ R2 ⋅ θ ⋅ cos ( θ) ⋅ tan ( ϕ) + W ⋅ R1 ⋅ sin ( θ) − W ⋅ R1 ⋅ R2 ⋅ θ⎞⎠ ⋅ cos ( ϕ) ...
2

+ H ⋅ R2 ⋅ sin ( θ) ⋅ sin ( ϕ)

T = 10.07 kNm
Vertical moment

( ) 2
My := M0 ⋅ cos ( θ) + H ⋅ R2 ⋅ θ ⋅ tan ( ϕ) ⋅ sin ( θ) − W R1 ⋅ ( 1 − cos ( θ) )

My = −102.02 kNm
Thrust
N = 0.001 kN
N := −H ⋅ sin ( θ) ⋅ cos ( ϕ) − W ⋅ R1 ⋅ θ ⋅ sin ( ϕ)

Lateral shearing force across stair

Vn := W ⋅ R1 ⋅ θ ⋅ cos ( ϕ) − H ⋅ sin ( θ) ⋅ sin ( ϕ) Vn = 165.02 kN
Radial horizontal shearing force
Vh := H ⋅ cos ( θ) Vh = −119.84 kN

Helical stair design check Page 2 of 5 Rev A

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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Helical Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

Design of edge tension reinforcement

Ultimate 2
resistant moment Mu := 0.156fcu ⋅ h ⋅ d1 Mu = 5581.71 kNm

Design moment M := 500kNm M = 500 kNm

CheckM := "OK" if Mu ≥ M CheckM = "OK"

"Redesign" otherwise

M
K := K = 0.01
2
fcu ⋅ h ⋅ d1

⎡
zcal := d1 ⋅ ⎢0.5 + ⎛ 0.25 − K ⎞⎥⎤ 3
⎜ ⎟ zcal = 2.4 × 10 mm
⎣ ⎝ 0.9 ⎠⎦
zlim := 0.95d1 zlim = 2319.9 mm
3
z := zlim if zcal > zlim z = 2.3 × 10 mm

zcal otherwise

Area of M 2
reinforcement Areq := Areq = 581.7 mm
0.95 ⋅ fy ⋅ z
2
Provide Aprov := 3T20 Aprov = 942 mm

Aprov
Reinf ratio Aratio := Aratio = 0.19 %
b⋅h
Check ratio Checkratio := ( ) ( )
"OK" if ⎡⎣ Aratio ≥ 0.13% ∧ Aratio ≤ 4% ⎤⎦

"Not OK" otherwise Checkratio = "OK"

Design of tension reinforcement

Ultimate 2
resistant moment Mu := 0.156fcu ⋅ b ⋅ d Mu = 216.4 kNm

Design moment M := 103kNm M = 103 kNm

CheckM := "OK" if Mu ≥ M CheckM = "OK"

"Redesign" otherwise

M
K := K = 0.07
2
fcu ⋅ b ⋅ d

⎡
zcal := d ⋅ ⎢0.5 + ⎛ 0.25 − K ⎞⎥⎤
⎜ ⎟ zcal = 123.7 mm
⎣ ⎝ 0.9 ⎠⎦
zlim := 0.95d zlim = 129.2 mm

Helical stair design check Page 3 of 5 Rev A

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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Helical Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

z := zlim if zcal > zlim z = 123.7 mm

zcal otherwise

Area of M 2
reinforcement Areq := Areq = 2248.1 mm
0.95 ⋅ fy ⋅ z
2
Provide Aprov := 12T16 Aprov = 2412 mm

Aprov
Reinf ratio Aratio := Aratio = 0.48 %
b⋅h
Check ratio Checkratio := ( ) (
"OK" if ⎣⎡ Aratio ≥ 0.13% ∧ Aratio ≤ 4% ⎤⎦ )
"Not OK" otherwise Checkratio = "OK"

Shear reinforcement
Design shear Vf := 226kN :at the face of the support

Vd := 226kN :at distance d from face of support

Average Vf
shear stress νf := νf = 0.66 MPa
b⋅d
Vd
νd := νd = 0.66 MPa
b⋅d
⎛ fcu ⎞
Limitting shear νlim := max ⎜ 5MPa , 0.8 ⋅ ⋅ MPa⎟ νlim = 5 MPa
⎝ MPa ⎠
Check shear Checkν := "OK" if νf ≤ νlim Checkν = "OK"

"Not OK" otherwise

Concrete ⎛ 100Aprov ⎞
shear capacity k1 := min ⎜ , 3⎟ k1 = 0.71
⎝ b⋅d ⎠
k2 := max ⎛⎜ 1 ,
400mm ⎞
⎟ k2 = 2.94
⎝ d ⎠
1
1 1 3
0.79 3 4⎛ fcu ⎞
νc := ⋅ k1 ⋅ k2 ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ MPa νc = 0.78 MPa
1.25 ⎝ 25MPa ⎠
νc
Checklink := "Nominal link" if νd ≤ Checklink = "Design for link"
2
"Design for link" otherwise

Helical stair design check Page 4 of 5 Rev A

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Project : Prep'd by: Date :
Job No.: Item: Helical Stair Checked by: Sheet no.: of

Calcualte Asv := 2 ⋅ R10 :area of links at a section

shear capacity
of section sv := 150mm :link spacing

⎛ Asv ⎞
Vn := ⎜ ⋅ 0.95 ⋅ fyv + b ⋅ νc⎟ ⋅ d Vn = 298.5 kN
⎝ sv ⎠
Check shear Checkshear := "safe" if Vd ≤ Vn Checkshear = "safe"

"Redesign" otherwise
Torsional resistance
Design Torsion Ttor := 12kNm

Check torsion hmin := min ( b , h) hmin = 200 mm

reinforcement
hmax := max ( b , h) hmax = 2500 mm

Shear stress 2Ttor

induced by vt := vt = 0.25 MPa
2⎛ hmin ⎞
torsion hmin ⋅ ⎜ hmax − ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠

Limiting ⎛ fcu ⎞
torsional vtmin := min ⎜ 0.67 , 0.4⎟ ⋅ MPa vtmin = 0.4 MPa
⎝ MPa ⎠
shear stress

Checktorsion := "provide torsion reinf" if vt ≥ vtmin

"torsional reinf not required" otherwise

Checktorsion = "torsional reinf not required"

Distance to center of links t := ( 40 + 10)mm

Link dimensions x1 := b − 2t y1 := h − 2t

⎛ Asv ⎞
Torsional resistance Tr := 0.8 ⋅ ⎜ ⋅ x1 ⋅ y1 ⋅ 0.95fyv⎟ Tr = 44.86 kNm
sv
⎝ ⎠

CheckT := "safe" if Ttor ≤ Tr

"reduce spacing of links s.v" otherwise

CheckT = "safe"

Check torsion combined with bending and shear stress

Total shear v := vt + νf v = 0.91 MPa

⎛ fcu ⎞
Checkcombined := "re-design" if v ≥ min ⎜ 0.8 , 5⎟ ⋅ MPa
⎝ MPa ⎠
"safe" otherwise
Checkcombined = "safe"

Helical stair design check Page 5 of 5 Rev A