Retaining Wall Design

Materia

Concrete -30
Steel= S300
γ c =25kN/m3
Soil
θ=110
C=50kNpa
γ =25kN/m3

 Dimension of the retaining wall

Vertical loads

w w 1=0.2∗2.6∗25=13 kN /m

w w 2=0.2∗2.6∗0.1∗25=3.25 kN /m

w w 3=0.2∗0.3∗25=15 kN /m

w s=12∗2.6∗18=56.16 kN /m

V HCB=1.5∗0.4∗14=8.4 kN /m

Lateral earth pressure computed using columb’s theory

Wall inclination =90 0
Angle of friction(θ)=110
Wall friction=00
Surface inclination=00

sin(α +θ)2
k a= 2 =0.693
sin ( α ) sin(α −γ )¿ ¿

sin(α −θ)2
k p= 2 =1.5
sin ( α ) sin(α −γ )¿ ¿

Lateral loads

pa=0.5 k a γ c h2 =0.5∗0.693∗18∗2.92=52.45 kN /m

p p=0.5 k p γ c h2=0.5∗1.5∗18∗1=13.5 kN /m

Ite Forces moment moment

m arm from about the
the toe toe
ws 56.16 1.41 78.624
ww1 13 0.7 9.1
ww2 3.25 0.566 1.8395
ww3 15 1 15
vhcb 8.4 0.7 5.88
sum 95.81 110.4135

item Forces moment arm moment about

from the toe the toe
Pa 52.45 0.966 50.667
pp 13.5 0.33 4.455

stability analysis
a. Over turning
 Mr
 F s=
Ma
 where Mr=110.56kNm

 ma=50.667 kNm
110.56
 m a= =2.17 ≥ 1.5………..Ok
50.667

b. Sliding

fr
 F s=
fa
 F sr =f f + f p

 F sr =f f =μN +C a β

 μtanδ+ Ca β
 where 𝛅=2/3𝛉=2/3*1=7.33

 c a=¿ 0.6c=0.6*50=30
 N=∑wi=95.1kN
 F r=95.81 tan7.33+30∗2=72.32

 F a= pa + p p=52.45−13.5=38.95
fr
 F s= =72.32/38.95=1.859>1.5,
fa
Change the dimension or use key

Note: Passive resistance is neglected

C.bearing

p 6 ex
δ max = (1+ )
b b

p 6 ex
δ min = (1− )
b b

∑M=64.2015(clockwise)

∑V=95.81kN

=64.2015/95.81=0.667

e=1-0.667=0.33

87.41 6∗0.33
δ max = (1+ )=86.97kPa<qult
2 2

87.41 6∗0.33
δ min = (1− ) =0.437kPa>0
2 2

Structural design
Design method: working stress design (WSD) method

Design constant

 f cu=30MPa

 f ck =¿ 0.8 f cu=24 MPa

 f c =0.425 f ck=10.2 Mpa

 Es
 N= =7.16
Ec
nf c
 k= =0.319
nf c+f s
 j=1-k/3=0.894
kj f c
 R= =1.454
2
fs
 𝛄= =15.29
fc
 f yk=¿300MPa
 f s=0.52∗f yk =156 MPa

 E s=¿200GPa

 ρmax =0.75 ρb =0.008

 ρmin =0.0015

Design of the steam

 8.7∗1.85
vA− A= =6.31 kN
2

m A− A =6.31∗0.33∗1.45=3.05 9 kN /m

Design for flexure

Check the depth for flexure

M
d≥
√ R∗b

3
≥ 3.05∗10 =45.8 mm
√ 1.45∗1

D=d+cover+ θ/2

=45.8+80+5=130.8mm

Davailable=250 mm……………………..ok

Reinforcement Calculation

A smin=ρ min bd

Where: ρmin =0.0015

B=100

D=250-80-5=165

A smin=0.0015*1000**165=247.5mm2 /m
 A
s=
M
f s∗j∗d
=132.52mm2 /m

A s ¿ A smin=¿ 247.5mm2 /m

78.54∗1000
S= =317.33 mm
247.5

Provide ∅10 c/c 315mm

Design for shear

Acting shear stress

v 6.31
v a= = =0.038 KPa
bd 1000∗165

Resistance shear stress

v r=0.0594 √ f ck

¿ 0.0594∗√ 24=0.29

v a< v r ………….ok

section B-B

17.4∗2.9
v B−B = =25.23 kN
2

m B −B=25.23∗0.33∗2.9=24.389 kN /m

Design for Flexure

 M 24.389∗103 =129.51mm
D≥
√ R∗b
=
√
1.45∗1

D=d+cover+θ/2

=129.51+80+5=214.51mm

Davailable=300 mm

d=300-80-5=215mm

reinforcement calculation

A smin=ρ min bd

Where: ρmin =0.0015

B=1000

D=215

A smin=0.0015*1000**215=318mm2 /m

A
s=
M
f s∗j∗d
=824.88mm2 /m

A s=¿824.88mm2 /m

78.54∗1000
S= =317.33 mm
247.5

Provide ∅10 c/c 95mm

Design for shear

Acting shear stress

v 26.23
v a= = =0.119 KPa
bd 1000∗212

Resistance shear stress

v r=0.0594 √ f ck

¿ 0.0594∗√ 24=0.29

v a< v r ………….ok

At front face Minimum reinforcement shall be provided both in vertical and horizontal direction

A smin=321mm2 /m

78.54∗1000
S= =245 mm
321

Design the base

Design method: working stress method

On the side of the heel

v c =( 52.2∗1.2 )−( 0.043∗1.2 )−( 0.5∗51.743∗1.2 )=31.069 kN

M c =¿-¿=24.85kNm

Design for Flexure

 M 24.85∗103 =130.734 mm
D≥
√ R∗b
=
√
1.45∗1

D=d+ cover +θ /2

¿ 130.734+ 80+ 5=215 mm

D available=300 mm

d=300-80-5=215mm

reinforcement calculation

A smin=ρ min bd

Where: ρmin =0.0015

B=1000

D=215

A smin=0.0015*1000**215=322.5mm2 /m

A
s=
M
f s∗j∗d
=828.75mm2 /m

A s=¿824.75mm2 /m

78.54∗1000
S= =317.33 mm
824.75

Provide ∅10 c/c 90mm

Design for shear

Acting shear stress

 v 31.069
v a= = =0.1445 KPa
bd 1000∗215

Resistance shear stress

v r=0.0594 √ f ck

¿ 0.0594∗√ 24=0.2 9

v a< v r ………….ok

Design of toe

v c =( 65.23∗0.5 )+ ( 0.5∗21.74∗0.5 )=38.05 kN

( 65.23∗0.52 ) 1∗21.74∗0.52 =9.059kNm

M c= ( 2 )
−(
6
)

Design for Flexure

M 9.059∗103 =78.94mm
D≥
√ R∗b
=
√
1.45∗1

D=d+cover+θ/2

¿ 78.94+ 80+5=163.94 mm

Davailable=300 mm

d=300-80-5=215mm

reinforcement calculation
 A smin=ρ min bd

Where: ρmin =0.0015

B=1000

D=215

A smin=0.0015*1000**215=322.5mm2 /m
A
s=
M
f s∗j∗d
=302.12mm2 /m

A s=¿322.5mm2 /m
78.54∗1000
S= =243.53 mm
247.5

Provide ∅10 c/c 240mm

Design for shear

Acting shear stress

v 38.05
v a= = =0.176 KPa
bd 1000∗212

Resistance shear stress

v r=0.0594 √ f ck

¿ 0.0594∗√ 24=0.2 9

v a< v r ………….ok

At the top of the base Minimum reinforcement shall be provided both in vertical and horizontal
direction

A smin=321mm2 /m

78.54∗1000
S= =245 mm
321