1. Some poets picture in a few lines dramatic challenges common to ordinary man as quoted.

“Think at last, we have not reached conclusion, and when I stiffen in a rented house.
Think at last I have not made this show purposely.”
A. Renting houses gives free thought s and dreams
B. Life is best live with others
C. Life in rented rooms are comfortable
D. Ownership of abode is wished for
2. How does his holiness John Paul II look at Buddhism in terms of salvation? He said, “Buddhism
from a certain point of view like Christianity is a religion of salvation. Nevertheless , it needs to
be said right away that the doctrines of salvation in Buddhism and Christianity are opposed:
`The argument thus is;
A. Buddhism and Christianity differ to some degree.
B. Buddhism and Christianity share beliefs in salvation.
C. Christianity and Buddhism are alike.
D. Buddhism is parallel.
3. Walt Whitman is known as a writer of realistic temper. How do the lines from “O captain, My
captain” sound?
“O Captain! My Captain our fearful life is done the ship has weather’d every rack the
prize we sought it’s won; the past is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting; while
fellow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;

But o heart! Heart! Heart!

Where on the deck
My captain lies
Fallen, cold and dead”

This tells us of;

A. Failure in life’s battle
B. Homecoming of a hero and his death
C. bravery of seafarers
D. welcoming of heroes and the splendor
4. How are military men trained in these lines by Romans?
“For knowledge of military science nourishes boldness in combat, no one fears to do
what he is confident he has learned well.”
A. Soldiers are given all combat tools before facing the enemy
B. Soldiers lay their lives for the country’s sake
C. They can retreat if Their lives are at stake
D. Soldiers retreat when opportunity allows
5. One literary form is in biographies and autobiographies. One former president of United States
wrote his biography addressing two audience and English and Frenchman. His autobiography so
carries it out. He is known as:

A. Benjamin Franklin
B. John Bush
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Franklin D. Roosevelt
6. Nick Joaquin has a way of picturing ”Landscapes without figure” in:
The trend being steadily underground (bombs shelter, catacomb, foshade and
fathoming ever more profound)” man may outmimic mouse and mole find his live limbs
eagerly intruding in Persephone.”

For the present what countries are in this state?

A. Pakistan
B. Afghanistan
C. Israel
 D. Saudi Arabia
7. Rizal’s lines proved himself in “Song of a Traveler.” as
A. No man’s land
B. Merchant
C. Physician
D. Traveler
8. Carl Sandburg message says
“There is only one child in the world.
And the child name is all children.”
A. There are different children according to race
B. Children mature into manhood
C. Children are children everywhere
D. Child in one place is just like any other child
9. How was death treated by Tennyson in these lines
“Sunset and evening star, and after that the dark, and may there be no moaning when I
set out to sea”
A. Death is accompanied by darkness
B. Death is sailing away
C. Death happens when the evening star fades
D. Death comes at sunrise
10. T.S. Eliot advocated something in;
“We shall not cease from explanation and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive
where we started…”

This treats life as;

A. An unending journey
B. A motivation for success
C. An adventure towards destiny
D. An outgoing trial

11. The lines from Pasternak’s

I are clear as quoted:
“The chief quality of the moralist leveler, and preacher as of a sermon of justice that
would embrace everything without fear or favor would be an originally that
distinguished him from everyone else..”
Shows;
A. Man’s equality is dependent on his nature
B. Not all men are the same
C. Men are equal
D. Man has his own way
12. Azucena Grajo Uranza was a Palanca Award winner. Which of her works won her the prize in
1990?
A. Bamboo in the Wind
B. Without Seeing the Dawn
C. Bamboo Dancer
D. Born Free
13. In Shakespeare’s “Julius Ceasar “ these lines are often repeated;
“Friends, Romans, Countryman, lend me your ears; I came not to bury Ceasar, not to praise him
the even that men do lives after them, the good is alt entered with their bones.”

These lines tell us that;

A. Anthony respects Ceasar

B. A good man is always remembered
C. Man’s evil deeds are easily forgotten
D. Man can condemn the dead
14. F. Sionil Jose has a way of portraying Filipino society in his novel entitled;
A. Free
B. Mass
C. The Pretender
D. Viajero
15. An actor once declared ,

“From the self that pretended to someone and in becoming no one…

I begin to live”
He declares that
A. Man become free after dealing with himself
B. Man becomes free after knowing others
C. Man meets all kinds of trials
D. Man becomes himself only upon knowing others

16. Pakistan literature shows this value in;

“Through the strands he henna stained, youth by dye is not regained youth is different from
dye?
A. Hair dye just stain the youth
B. Hair dye can hue a youth
C. Hair dye deceive the eye
D. Hair dye destroys the youth
17. There should be no artificial treatment of man and nature. This was well crafted in American
literature as they handled themes on_____________.
A. Realism
B. Democracy
C. Romanticism
D. Naturalism
18. How is autumn taken in these lines?
“God in his heaven node his praise
In warm benediction of a autumn days.”
A. Autumn is a way of change
B. God blesses man through autumn
C. Autumn is a time for thanksgiving
D. God is warm and responsible
19. Man is happy only as high as his aspiration. After he attains it. He longs for other distant
heights.”
A. Man differs in their needs in their needs
B. Man’s ambition is never reached
C. Mans needs are easily found
D. Man never gets satisfied with his accomplishment
20. Early literary works were done orally and on the stage. Filipinos enjoyed Christians and Moro
interface in a literary form called;
A. Melodrama
B. Passion play
C. Talastasan
D. Zarzuela
21. It is expression that is written in verse, often some form of regular rhythm
A. Prose
B. Ballad
C. Poetry
D. Epitaph
22. Man had been the subjectof man’s inhumanity to man. Choose the literary piece that depicts
such.
A. “Hunchback of Notredam”
B. Destiny and One’s Call”
 C. “Crossing the Bar”
D. “Man with the Hoe”
23. Greeks were known as Romanticists. How did they handle “Prometheus Bound”?
A. Martyr idol
B. Dramatic effect
C. Heroic model
D. Impassioned warrior
24. Poems do tell of beauty and mystery. Which of these poems started out on the theme
with______?
A. Bowed by the weight o----
B. Little sampaguita with a wondering eye---
C. Like a leaf that---
D. My nipa hut is very small
25. Women differ in their strengths and weaknesses. Cleopatra was so different because she
A. Bribed her lovers with costly gifts
B. Offered great banquets
C. Capitalized and offered her charm and grace
D. Promised the wealth of Egypt
26. How does Tennyson treat life in these lines?
…bowed on earth and heaven that which we are, we are one equal temper and heroic
heart,- to strive, to seek to find and not to yield.”
A. Life has its end
B. Life is a continuous struggle
C. Life is found on earth and heaven
D. Life is directed by events
27. What did Adams mean when he said, “… that chastity is as great as a virtue as a man is in a
woman?
A. Chastity is best tested in women
B. Mr. Adams tests chastity with men rather than women
C. Chastity is common to all sexes
D. Men can be good models of chastity
28. Gilda Cordero had a short story entitled “Visit of the Gods” What were implied in the short
story?
A. Teachers enjoy entertaining supervisors
B. Teachers call school visitors as “gods”
C. School officials are visiting schools for entertainment
D. School visitations are welcome events
29. Lullaby song by mothers is common literary pieces that depict some common trend
towards_______.
A. Separation and reunion
B. Judgment and sufferings
C. Endearment and child love
D. A right use of language
30. Thoreau wrote on reeds and ponds. Rizal had references to rivers and depth. What was Rizal’s
reference in his songs?
A. Agusan river
B. Pasig river
C. Cordillera mountains
D. Dapitan shores
31. Several writers handled frustrations in their works. What happens to their characters?
A. They become labor leaders
B. They became patriotic
C. They became rebels
D. They turned meek and humble
32. Nations call their nationals to unity through their songs. Which song reflects of French culture?
A. Less Mersailles
 B. God Bless America
C. Les Miserables
D. Stars Spangled Banner
33. Filipino teachers are much portrayed in short stories. Which anthology has stories on teachers?
A. The Excellent Teacher
B. The Visitations of the Gods
C. Unsung Heroes
D. Faded Bandana
34. The Old Testament has much to share in this lines from Psalm:
“More to be desired are they than gold yes than much from gold sweeter than
honey and the honeycomb.”
This tells __________
A. God’s visitations
B. God’s Law
C. God’s mercy
D. God’s attributes
35. Philippine literature features Gen. Romulo best as he analyzed the Filipinos. All these are in his
works called ________.
A. My Brother American
B. I am a Filipino
C. Daughters of the Father
D. This Land is Mine
36. What is man’s height of belief in?
“The best of men are in the Lord
Who heed the shepherd as its guide.”
A. A supreme being enlightens man
B. Guidance best came from man
C. Man is universally right
D. Belief comes ahead of truth
37. Ngungi’s “Weep Not Child” was a refrain on political freedom through ________
A. Repossession of Kennon Road
B. Education of all childreb
C. Sending British home
D. Free and honest elections
38. There is a limit of repetition of language in the process of mastery.
A. Simple repetition is not learning
B. Only parrot can repeat effectively
C. Aura-oral practice believes in free repetition
D. Sounds can be repeated by an animal
39. Which is an accepted theory of language?
A. Language can not be repeated
B. Language is inborn
C. Language can be inquired
D. Language learning is inherited
40. In the stages of language acquisition which is the last stage of mastery?
A. Hearing and saying words
B. Sentence construction and syntax analysis
C. Oral reading of what is written
D. Writing episodes of oral discussion
41. Nurses going to the United Nations have to pass an examination for oral English. What is the
rationale for such examination?
A. Filipinos have difficulty in communicating with Americans.
B. Filipinos are easily understood by Americans
C. Filipinos have varied sound and inflections I oral communication
D. Americans patients do not understood the oral English of some Filipinos
42. Filipinos are greatly affected by Philippine Language which are _________
 A. Wanting of proper stress and sound combination in English
B. Letter oriented
C. Tone deficient
D. Syllabic interpreters
43. The best approach to learning a language is through _________
A. Translation
B. Reading and writing
C. Syntax diagramming
D. Use and practice
44. What theory of language is applicable to science?
A. Linguistic references can make miracle sounds
B. Animal sounds are systematic
C. Speech sounds can grow and can be distorted
D. Sounds of music can be interpreted
45. Who among the following will make a good model in an English class?
A. A speech a model of any nationality
B. A natural born Filipino American
C. A speech technician of the speech laboratory
D. A native Ilongo speaker
46. He gave her a book you could have poured on a waffle.
A. Simile
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Irony
47. The man’s tie was as orange as a sunset
A. Simile
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Irony
48. A painting in a museum hears more ridiculous opinions than anything else in the world.
E. A. Simile
F. Metaphor
G. Personification
H. Irony
49. A theory in linguistics that caused the perpetuation of folklore is in ________
A. Image representation
B. Oral story telling elders
C. Written passages on the wall
D. Tape recording of folklore
50. How could effective communication be established in class?
A. Utilizing and knowing the speech apparatus
B. Drawing the speech laboratory
C. Memorizing symbols
D. Joining speech
51. The hostages _________ for almost a year now. What will complete the sentence correctly?
A. Who had been held
B. Have been hiding
C. Who stayed
D. Had been held
52. The sound of silence evoked her childhood experience when their house was raised to the
ground. Evoke means _______
A. Inspired
B. Stimulated
C. Reminded
D. Motivated
53. The former president failed all political reunions. Was he retired or _______
 A. Out of reach
B. Out of circulation
C. In isolation
D. Indifferent to issue
54. With modern technology, how do teachers guide their students to know more about a topic?
Through ______
A. Telefax
B. Internet
C. E- mail
D. Xerox machine
55. A remedial technique in reading using senses is better referred to as a __________
A. Kinaesthetic technique
B. Auro- oral approach
C. Word-recognition test
D. Linguistic-semantic approach
56. In the past reading was a separate subject. However concepts have changed so that reading
_______
A. Artistic activity with reading episodes to wide reading
B. Actual reading journeys
C. Further linguistics activity for class discussion
D. High performance in subject area reading activities
57. An approach to reading which takes care of emotion and voice interpretation has joined
popularity lately. This approach has encouraged good readers and effective interpretations
through ___________
A. Dramatic reading
B. Oral interpretation
C. Elocution
D. Declamation
58. Higher level of reading encouraged what kind of vocabulary reading effect?
A. Meaning and prefix and suffix structure of words
B. Experience-based and suffix structure of words
C. Directed dictionary study of words
D. Standard vocabulary sets
59. Early childhood reading exercises are identified in several types of materials. The most popular
of this exercise is in _________
A. Nursery rhymes
B. Myths and folklore
C. Fables
D. Mother Goose stories
60. In order to make reading in contest areas effective, a technique that will facilitate
comprehension is __________
A. Creating a vocabulary table for references
B. Adapting words according to structures
C. Learning words through historical references
D. Learning word through context
61. How may a child be motivated in his progress over word recognition?
A. Invite the child to a show
B. Make remarks when he reads
C. Guide and acquaint the learners on his progress
D. Give the rating copy to parents
62. Comics according to survey show that the love for comics by children because _________
A. Comics are fascinating reading materials
B. Actions and descriptions are vividly clear to readers
C. Pictorials are easy reading
D. The presentation of concepts are boring
63. Majority of children go for reading comics. How does this fare in the Philippines setting?
 A. Comics books abound in all book stores and newspaper stand
B. Students prefer soap operas to comics
C. Majority of Filipino children are heavy comics addicts
D. Only those who can afford read comics
64. A choral rendition was staged by the school. The auditorium was fixed such that everyone felt
boxed and secluded. Dark and black colors were placed. What intelligence fixed level was being
invoked?
A. Logio- mathematika
B. Physical
C. Musical
D. Spatial
65. Differentiation of meaning is one hardly reached by slow learners. This may be evaluated
through a reading vocabulary test by ________
A. Allow blanks for non- paired samples
B. Pair words with the same meaning
C. The introduction of the story
D. The climax and ending
66. Several works of Jose Rizal have been translated from Spanish to English and other languages.
Which of these works have been translated to Russian?
A. Maria Clara’s song
B. El Filibusterismo
C. The Traveler’s story
D. Noli Me Tangere
67. This expression is always quoted:
“Justice delayed is justice denied.”
This means it is a _________
A. A Quest
B. President Quirino’s concern
C. Fact
D. President Quezon’s concern
68. Media lessons are best found in ________
A. The integration of the arts
B. Hands on production with evaluation
C. Hands on analysis of information
D. Taken negative media attention
69. What history fact should not be edited in one of the following?
A. Barasoin Church in Bulacan
B. Barasoin Church in Cavite
C. Barasoin Church in Quiapo
D. Barasoin Church in Zambales
70. After a front page has been laid out, a news of importance arrived. How does the editor
accommodate said flash news?
A. Make it an addendum
B. Print an extra
C. Upper page of the front page
D. Box the item
71. The class decided to watch the film on Rizal’s life in Dapitan. How may the students report on
the film?
A. Allow dramatization
B. Allow students to react on the scenery with descriptive words
C. Prepare a critique on the main actor
D. Encourage a written report on the whole film
72. Students were taught how to choose correct questionnaires. The responses that required first
person is referred to as ______________
A. Indirect
B. Prospective
 C. Introspective
D. Direct
73. Mastery of a pair of critical sounds is approached best by _________
A. Contrastive approach
B. Isolated introduction
C. Tone relationships
D. Phonemic analysis
74. Language learning has turned into a cognitive approach. This is best seen in one of the following.
A. Error analysis
B. Interactive approach
C. Pattern practice
D. Syntactic analysis
75. In the past communications were sent by letters and telegrams. Now, faster interaction is done
through ___________
A. Telefax machines
B. Telephones
C. Cellphone text messages
D. E-mails internet
76. A teacher wants a set of test on paragraph or composition writing. Which tells of a specific
identity of her objective?
A. Outline details on a paragraph unity
B. Observes unity in a paragraph
C. Demonstrate knowledge on the substitution of words in a paragraph
D. Recognizes supporting details in paragraph unity
77. Shakespeare’s play “Anthony and Cleopatra” on Anthony’s death said something.
The crown of the earth does melt. My Lord, o withered is the garland of the war, the
soldiers pale is fall in, young boys and girls are level now with men’ the odd is gone”
It says:
A. Death makes everyone equal
B. Death can come to anyone
C. Death honors great men
D. Death gives distinction to rank and age
78. How can poetry be more dramatic in presentation in these lines by Horatio?
So have I heard and do in part believe it, but look, the man in sunset mantle clad dark walks o’er
the dew of your high eastern hill
A. The speaker draws the light of dawn
B. The speaker sees everyone asleep
C. Evening has past and all are awake
D. Movement and sound as the lines prove draws action and response
79. Who among the Filipino writers were inspired by romantic themes with strong nationalistic
stories:
A. Rizal’s “To the Filipino Youth”
B. Rizal’s Letters to the Women of Malolos”
C. Balagtas “Florante at Laura”
D. Mabini’s “Decalogue”
80. Omar Khayan was translated by Edward Fitzgerald from Persian to English in verse 71 we quote:
“The morning ginger writes;
and having writ,
moves on: nor all your poetry nor with shall lure at back to cancel half a line,
nor all your tears wash out a word _____”
A. God’s law are permanent
B. God’s writing can be interpreted and forgotten
C. A warning on the wall
D. God’s power is clear and lasting
81. Shakespeare depicted man and his own value in Hamlet as we quote him:
 “O that this too, too satisfied would meet them and resolve itself into a dew; or that the
everlasting had not find his cannon gaunt self slaughter o God”

At this stage the drama shows Hamlet as _____________

A. An accomplished man
B. A contented man
C. A meaningless being
D. A confused individual
82. “Romeo and Juliet” is a play that the youth would often quote like these lines from Juliet.
“ My bounty is as boundless as the sea
My love as deep; the more I give to thee
The more I have, afar both are infinite
I hear some noise within;
Dear love adieu.”

At this stage Juliet _______

A. Was mindless of other’s feeling
B. Did surrender herself
C. Defined her boundless love
D. Had inner voice guiding her
83. Mark Twain as well as Bret hart are remembered most in prose because of a new literary
contribution. This is known as the use of ______
A. Local color
B. Slang in dialogue
C. Archaic language
D. Refined language in dialogue
84. “Wanted: A Chaperon” by Leon Ma. Guerrero is a play which portrays a Filipino value which is
fast replaced by modernity. This value tells of young girls __________
A. Sleep in their boyfriends house
B. Allowed to go dating alone
C. Join socials with an elderly companion
D. Enjoy pot sessions overnight
85. Filipino artists are given due recognition in poetry, essay, drama and novels. The best sponsor
comes from ______
A. Ulirang Ina Foundation
B. Metrobank Foundation
C. Palanca Foundation
D. Jaycee Foundation
86. Tennyson has his “Ulysses” so has Gibran in the lines.
“How I realize that whatever I am
Contains are places; and the distance
That I walk embrace all distances.”
This means _____
A. A traveler minds only earthly pleasures
B. One can travel without cherishing memories of place
C. A traveler only remembers places worth remembering
D. A traveler always takes along with him a part of what he saw
87. Countries knew much about their people’s aspirations and individualism when presented in
France, America and expand in literacy form called _______
A. Essay
B. Drama
C. Novel
D. Epic
88. What does this line mean:
“Pain is beautiful only when one can rise from its depressing power.”
A. It’s alright to experience pain in life once in a while.
 B. One who rises above pain profits from the experience.
C. Pain is really depressing.
D. Pain can be avoided because it is a bad experience.
89. The answer of Juliet is:
“My bounty is as boundless as the sea,
My love as deep as the more
I give to thee, the more I have, for both are infinite.”

It is in this instance that Juliet shows _________

A. Insincerity to Romeo
B. Willingness to join Romeo
C. Argument to parental decision
D. Stiffness in her feelings
90. The epitaph in Gray’s “Elegy in Country Churchyard” reads:
“Here rests his head upon the lap of earth, a youth to fortune and to fame unknown.
Fair science found not on his humble birth and melancholy marked him for her own.”

A. Death does not erase the accomplishment of men especially science.

B. Death recognizes fame and wealth.
C. Death toll happens to the young.
D. Death of unknown bears no remorse.
91. Gibran had collections of Aphorisms. Here he says”
“Many a doctrine is like a window pane.
We see the truth through it but it divides from the truth.”

All these means that ________

A. Truth is dependent on one’s outlook in life
B. Truth prevails in whatever form
C. Truth to men is relative to his value
D. Truth cannot be absolute
92. At Dapitan, Dr. Rizal wrote Dr. Meyer thus:
“I also have my own collection of
Seashells of more than 200 species,
Already classified and arranged.
…they are all shells of the
Distinct Dapitan.”

What can we conclude from his quotation of Rizal?

A. He was a seashell collector

B. He considered seashells as reflections of the sea.
C. He was a lover of sea life.
D. He appreciated seashells.
93. A soldier did not mind dying in battle. He was heard saying

‘I have but one life to give for my country.”

This shows ______

A. Loyalty to superior in the battlefield
B. Selflessness and valor for medals
C. True patriotism at all cost
D. Cowardice and reluctance in war
94. Just like the Markers in the “Elegy of the Village Country”, the Centennial Committee on national
shrines did the following:
A. Erected historical markers on authentic historical relics.
B. Awarded plaques of well written appreciation.
 C. Renovated Intramuros with a photo gathered
D. Replaced dilapidated historical houses of Mabini and Rizal.
95. The search for the perfect, the embodiment of the writers has sent seafarers to hunt for the
symbol in the seas. What novel depicts this search for the symbol?
A. Moby Dick
B. To The Waterfowl
C. The Mariner
D. Gunga-Din
96. President Quezon’s words always ring today, “I prefer the Philippine run like hell by Filipinos
than a country ran by foreigners.” This is to be interpreted as:
A. Filipinos are not ready to run its government
B. Foreigners lead better than Filipinos.
C. Filipinos have no leadership abilities.
D. Filipino can lead
97. The Filipino workers in Malaysia are often mistaken for natives because _________
A. Malaysia is easily reached by boat
B. Philippine languages are traced to malayo-Polynesian influences
C. Filipinos are good at communicating in English
D. There is a big difference in their language structure
98. A teacher in grammar wanted to emphasizes parts of a sentence. What theory is at play?
A. Structural
B. Transformation
C. Generative
D. Comparative
99. Idiomatic expressions are best understood by what analysis?
A. Imagery interpretation
B. Vocabulary
C. Contextual
D. Word derivation
100. Steps in written communication in English starts best in –
A. Outlining
B. Cloze method
C. Guided composition
D. Substitution
101. It is a familiar poem by Kudyard Kipling. What value is exhorted in these lines?
“If you can walk with Kings and not lose the common touch, you are a man my son…”
It’s the value of:
A. Purity and charity
B. Gentlemanhood and desire
C. Great humility
D. Self respect and courage
102. Sandayo is a Subanon epic. Listen o the counsel of Sandayan to his married couples which reflects
a custom in
“Benobong, Bolak Sonday, change clothes now. Pack up your things, you are married
now and you’re with them”

Whose literary story is told? That of

A. Cleopatra
B. Ruth
C. Helen of Troy
D. Mary Magdalene
According to literary critics tragedy was the first form of the drama.
in Marcus Aurelius: Meditation he says

“Tragedies were brought on the stage as a means of reminding man of the things which
happen to them.. for a play must end in such a way and even in such cues”
 Thus tragedies are
A. Reflections of man’s shortcomings.
B. Reflection of heroes trails and failures.
C. Portrays ends and sorrows.
D. Replay of life’s journey
103. The poem “Seeing” by John Sabella won first prize. What scene do these line portray in
“ In an earthly garden, calmed only by the dark and the flesh called iris, called retina, the
flesh of every name “actually he freezes

A. The words to flash nature.

B. The garden in man’s eye.
C. The eye and its function
D. The nerve of the mind.
104. In “The Tempest” tells of music
“When should this music be? I the air, or the earth? It sounds no more.. I have followed
It …but ‘tis gone. No it begins again”

It says music
A. Is good only for kings.
B. Is universal
C. Can linger on
D. Has its end
105. Milton speaks of death in “Paradise Lost”. How does he handle the theme in
“Whence the sound of instrument that made melodius chime, was heard, of harp and
organ; and who moved. Their stops and chord, was seen his violent touch.
Fled and pursued transverse the resonant sound”. Hence death

A. Tells of no preparation in death

B. Pictures sudden death
C. There’s no high and mighty in death
D. Proves unpreparedness at the end
106. Aristotle has this to say on justice
“Justice then is a sort of proportion is not a property of abstract number only, but a
member everywhere”

Therefore it says justice

A. Is actual and complete
B. Is equality in fair proportions
C. Can be quantified
D. Is man made
107. Shakespeare is often quoted
“For love is blind that lovers do not see the petty follies they themselves commit”
What does it tell?

A. Romeo and Juliet are not allowed to see each other.

B. Romeo is blind
C. Romeo and Juliet are clinically blind.
D. Love can cause blindness in a way.
108. Aliguyon in the Ifugao epic Hudhud, tells of tribal practices in
“Earnestly did Aliguyon pray under the house, saying, give us a sign, our rooster give us a sign” I
that you see not Aliguyon’s defeat in war.
A. Early tribes believe in an unseen guide
B. Signs of success are predictable
C. Natives listened to their elders.
D. Heroes of the Ifugaos are superstitious
109. In the Intramuros of Memory by Jaime C. Laya et. al. the vivid servant of sentry tower at
Boston de San Andres is symbolic of garita that
A. Beautiful can be destroyed by man.
B. Early Filipino handiwork are immortal.
C. Fine work can survive war and even neglect
D. Relics of the past tell of memories of long ago.
110. Literary works are scrutinized, analyzed and often times reinvented and all those can be
found in:
A. Novels
B. Literary criticism
C. Drama
D. poetry
111. Here are lines that reveal a value worth having
“We do not spurn the sunlight when this hidden, we look for good when fiercest storm
descent”

The value tells one that

A. Courage is challenged by sunlight and storm
B. Hope and joy can be covered by darkness and storm
C. There is always sunshine in life
D. Beyond the storm is light and hope
112. Robert Frost is a contemporary American poet who has been honored for his works
during his lifetime. Which of these situations tell of his characters?
A. Violence guilt and bigotry erupt into emotional earthquakes.
B. Men are assertive of their masculinity
C. New Englander realize that their lives have meanings.
113. Arabic literature were known as Ghazals. The critics find the most common themes are
set to
A. The essence of nature and dirge
B. Love nature to suite needs of singing
C. Rhythm of the band
D. Situation on fates for trial
114. The Filipino novelist writer who depicted the sociological struggle of Filipinos similar to
that of Europe was known through his works. These are all found in
A. Santos “ The Apple Dancer”
B. Laurel’s “Bread and Freedom”
C. Rizal’s “El Filibusterismo”
D. Javrllana’s “Without Seeing The Dawn”
115. Former Secretary Alejandro R. Roces has a book “Fiesta”. Fiesta is expensive but
Filipinos have grown used to it. The book tells of
A. Fiesta’s reduction would mean economic stability, a solon argued
B. Fiestas play a major role in the making of a Filipino
C. Fiestas are non-productive
D. Fiestas are all expensive and they should be abolished
116. A tribute to the Filipino is in “Maria Clara’s Lullaby”. Which line tells of the Filipino’s love
of country?
A. Sweet and low over the meadows blow
B. Sweet are the hours in ones native land…
C. I die just when I see the dawn break
D. Like a leaf that is drifted..
117. Before the Philippines got its independence from America, it underwent a
commonwealth government. The song that stirred the air then was
A. I Love My Own, My Native Land
B. Behold this dawn our brave young sires
C. Philippines my native land, the country of the brave
D. God Bless The Philippines
118. Carlos Bulosan like N. V. M. Gonzales works in English portrayed
A. Filipino intellectuals
B. Filipino clannishness even when abroad
C. Suffering OCW’s
D. Filipinos are great copycats
119. Byron had messages about the men of his time in
“He from the world had cast of a great man,
Who in his time had made heroic bustle.
Who queer a flat?
So prime, so well or nutty, so knowing?

Here is a/an

A. Soliloquy
B. Requiem
C. Obituary
D. Eulogy
120. “To A Waterfowl” by Bryant has this message
“ he whom from zone to zone,
Guides through the boundless
Sky the certain flight,
In the long way that I must thread alone,
Will lead my steps aright.”

“Here the waterfowl

A. Is a symbol of labor
B. Believes in the guidance of a supreme being
C. Is a lost home
D. Represents perseverance
121. “Romeo and Juliet” here is an evidence of family relations. Which is in
“ Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven
Having some business , do interest her eyes.
To thinker in their sphere till they return.”

This shows Romeo’s

A. Infidelity to his love
B. Artificiality on his relations
C. Decision to meet her lover
D. Resolve to pursue his love
122. In ancient war, leaders in Bharata advise
“Yield to Khrisma’s words of wisdom
For thy wed be nobly strives.
Yield and save thy friends
And Kinsman, save thy
Cherished subjects.”

At the height of war, what was the advice for?

A. Forgive enemies and withdraw

B. Remember the atrocities
C. Retreat from the fight
D. Proceed with the war
123. Ivatan social life is portrayed in these lines. What cultural traits are recorded in thses
lyrics?
 “When attending a wake, be cheerful to make the grieving person joyful, but when
attending a drinking session, be sober for it is time to listen to the lofty teaching
intended for one like orphaned from the start.”
A. Being sober when drinking is a social mores
B. Sharing of grief is a community value
C. Grieving family should be joined in morning
D. Drinking is a commo0n past time found in the Philippine society
124. How are poets tested by Mcleish?
“Poets, deserted by the world before,
Turn around into the actual air
Invent the age! Invent the metaphor!”

Here it says that poems

A. Are limited for young and old
B. Are like continuous air
C. Can not like behind men
D. Are invented
125. Maha Bharata tells warriors as to Duhasasan, he says
“Little minded is the menial, and his heart in terror fails,
In the fear of wrathful Bhima lo! His coward bosom quails.”

At this stage, what is expected in their culture was

A. Pure obedience
B. Defiance of authority
C. Supreme power to obey
D. Command to follow
126. A nod was given as a response to a question. Was there a communication?

A. The nod is stimulated by a question

B. A non- verbal language is not acceptable
C. Generative grammar allows this as, “Yes.”
D. Certainly, this is not a question
127. A class is asked to refer to periodicals for their study on earth surface and layers. Which
of these periodicals will be of help?
A. Panorama
B. The Encyclopedia Britannica
C. National Geographic Magazine
D. World Atlas
128. How are three things taken as one in these lines?
“Life without freedom is like a body without soul,
And freedom without thought is like
A confused spirit…
Life, freedom and thought are three in one
And are everlasting and never pass away.”
A. Freedom enriches life and thought
B. The soul can still be free if there is love
C. These three life, freedom and thought can not be parceled apart
D. Life can go on as long as there is hope
129. Hrothgar believes that Beowulf possesses this desirable personal chahracteristic.
A. Gratefulness
B. Dependability
C. Vigilance
D. Obedience
130. “Her lips were as red as roses,
As sweet as nectar, though wild,
 For her breath were sweetest in the morn full of dew…..”
These lines can be classified under the following _____
A. Impressionalism
B. Idealism
C. Naturalism
D. Romanticism
131. Although Henry David Thoreau was not a poet he had something in common with
William Wordsworth, the English poet and the American, Robert Frost. What was the common
denominator?
A. He emphasized the virtue of simple living
B. He wrote the most stimulating book of nature lore.
C. He choose to be the bachelor of thought and nature.
D. He wrote about nature and the natural surroundings.
132. The following lines composed of the last stanza of William Cullen Bryant’s “To A
Waterfowl”
“He, who, from zone to zone,
Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,
In the long way that I must tread alone,
Will lead my steps aright.”
As one reads the lines, what does one realize?
A. Faith in God gives a man strength and courage to go on.
B. Man is basically alone but he should call on God often
C. He should be happy because someone loves him.
D. Someone in the sky is guiding him.
133. In what war was this said:
“Was this the face that launched a thousand ships
And burnt the topless towards of llium?”
A. Battle of South Seas
B. Battle of Waterloo
C. Trojan War
D. Battle of France
134. Establishment of radio stations is under strict government laws regulations. Control is
done through
A. Holding radio stations owner accountable
B. Applying for franchise before airing programs.
C. Licensing of broadcasters
D. Broadcasting beyond the ethics of journalism is punishable by law
135. Role models in the media should be seriously considered since
A. The young minds follow models in the media
B. Media models criminally influenced watchers according to study
C. Models in TV and radio are best followed in the campaign against drug abuse
D. Role models for strong families should choose actors and actresses who serve
modeling best
136. Presidents in their state visits make sure he is aware of what is happening back home.
What facilitates monitoring of activities? He is posted by
A. Satellite episode and coverage
B. Newspapers prepared by press people
C. Radio and long distance telephones
D. Press conferences
137. Computers have programs that help users specially in determining the right _______of
words
A. Capitalization
B. Contraction
C. Syllabication
D. Spelling
138. The synoptic approach in teaching literature is done through
 A. Symbolic analogy
B. Direct analogy
C. Symbolism
D. Simple comparison
139. Meaning and feeling of an expressed language are handled scientifically in
A. Applied linguistic method
B. Sociolinguistic approach
C. Sociologist interviews
D. Psycholinguistic form
140. Ethnology helps language learners in getting meaning as they assist in word.
A. Analysis
B. Build up
C. Discrimination
D. Complexities
141. Public speaking is most effective by applying
A. Punctuation pauses
B. Effective junctures
C. Phonemic combination
D. Interplay of rhyme and rhythm
142. A linguistic theory to maximize use in interaction is
A. Error analysis
B. Comparative linguistic
C. Transformation theory
D. Structural analysis
143. A recent approach to make live learning English is by using extensively:
A. News writing and reading
B. Error analysis
C. Cartoon analysis
D. Poetry reading
144. Native speakers of English are often misunderstood because their words are mostly said
in _____ forms.
A. Static expressive
B. Superlative
C. Picturesque
D. Idiomatic
146. Modifiers have their places in a sentence. All these are part of
A. Structural analysis
B. Phonemic analysis
C. Sound density analysis
D. Phonetic analysis
147. A true gauge of mastering of writing English is through
A. Translation
B. Paraphrasing
C. Substitution
D. Free communication
148. Understanding role relationships and shared information during interaction is labeled as
______ competence.
A. Socio-linguistic
B. Strategic
C. Grammatical
D. Discourse
149 .The mother ____by her remarks.
A. Made her very angry
B. Made her frustrated
C. Made her sad
D. Made her mad
 150. Which part of the word untouchable is considered the prefix?
A. Able
B. Touchable
C. Touch
D. Un

KEY ANSWERS:

1. B 32. C 63. C 94. A 125. B

2. A 33. B 64. D 95. C 126. D
3. B 34. C 65. D 96. D 127. C
4. B 35. C 66. A 97. B 128. B
5. A 36. A 67. C 98. A 129. C
6. B 37. C 68. C 99. A 130. C
7. C 38. C 69. A 100. A 131. D
8. A 39. C 70. A 101. C 132. D
9. A 40. D 71. D 102. D 133. A
10. B 41. C 72. D 103. D 134. C
11. D 42. A 73. D 104. B 135. D
12. C 43. D 74. B 105. D 136. A
13. B 44. C 75. D 106. B 137. A
14. D 45. A 76. A 107. B 138. D
15. A 46. B 77. A 108. D 139. B
16. A 47. A 78. D 109. B 140. D
17. D 48. C 79. C 110. D 141. B
18. B 49. B 80. A 111. B 142. B
19. D 50. A 81. D 112. D 143. C
20. D 51. D 82. C 113. C 144. A
21. C 52. C 83. A 114. B 145. D
22. A 53. D 84. C 115. C 146. A
23. B 54. D 85. C 116. B 147. D
24. B 55. B 86. A 117. B 148. A
25. D 56. D 87. A 118. A 149. D
26. B 57. A 88. B 119. A 150. D
27. C 58. B 89. B 120. D
28. D 59. D 90. A 121. B
29. C 60. D 91. A 122. D
30. B 61. C 92. C 123. A
31. C 62. B 93. C 124. A
John F. Kennedy-“ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your
country”
Abraham Lincoln-“Every man has his peculiar ambition”
Robert Frost-“Good fences make good neighbors”
Martin Luther King-“We are not makers of history. We are made by history”
Lyndon B. Johnson 36 US Pres- a President hardest task is not to do what’s right but to
know what’s right.
Thomas Jefferson 3rd US Pres-“No government ought to be without Censors; and where the
press is free no one ever will”
Napoleon Bonaparte-(Emperor of France) - “Nothing is more difficult and therefore more
precious than to be able to decide”
William Shakespeare-“God has given you one face, and you make yourself another”
Mark Twain-“The man who does not read good books has no advantage over the man who
can’t read them.”
Robert Browning-When pain ends, gain ends too”
Theodore Roosevelt-“Do what you can, with what you have, where you are”

Novel is roman, short for romance which was applied to longer verse narratives (Malory’s
Morte’ d Arthur) which were later written in prose.

Modern short story differs from earlier short fiction such as the parable, fable and tale, in its
emphasis on character development through scenes rather than summary: through showing
rather than telling.

Essays fall into 4rough categories:

1. Speculative Essay- is meditative; it often makes one or more points. The writer deals
with ideas in an associative manner, playing with ideas in a looser structure than he
would in an expository or argumentative essay.
2. Argumentative Essay- is always clear to present a point and provide evidence, which
may be factual or anecdotal and to support it.
3- 4. Narrative and Expository Essays- have elements of both the speculative and
argumentative modes. The primary purpose of expository is to explain and clarify ideas.

Satire is a mode which may be employed by writers of various genres: poetry, drama,
fiction and non-fiction. Satire mainly opposes and ridicules, decides and denounces vice,
jolly, evil, stupidity, as these qualities manifest themselves in persons, groups of persons,
ideas, institutions, customs and beliefs.

Prose- expression (whether written or spoken) that does not have a regular rhythmic
pattern.
Poetry- expression that is written in verse, often some form or regular rhythm.
Drama- a story intended to be acted out on a stage mode.
Epic Poetry – is a long poem written on a narrative.
Haiku – single stanza, 3 lines lyric poem of 17 syllables.
Ballads – narrative songs that maybe sung or recited.
Epitaph – a short poem intended for a tombstone (dead)
Piddles – poems presented as mental puzzles meant to be solved.
Tragedy – protagonist (hero or heroine) is overcome in the conflict & meets a tragic end.
Comedy – protagonist meets with a happy end.
Allegory – story in which characters represent abstract qualities or ideas Ex: Superman
Elegy – o poem mourning the dead
Epic – a long poem narrating the adventures of a heroic figure.
Ex: The Iliad and the Odyssey
Fable – a story that illustrates moral often using animals as the characters.
Hyperbole- great exaggerating “I’m so happy I could eat a horse” or “He’s as big as a
house.”
Irony – language that conveys a certain idea by saying just the opposite.
Metaphor – a comparison that doesn’t use “like” or “as”
Ex: I am a rock, I am an island.
Personification – talking about a nonhuman thing as if it were human Ex: “The morning light
mocked our poor hero”
Simile – a comparison that uses “like” or “as”
Ex: She is like the wind.
Sonnet – a 14 lines poem written in iambic pentameter.

Interpretive Skills & Critical Reading

Literary Elements:
1. Meaning – identify the writer’s purpose. The important meaning of the work.

4 Types of writing based on its purpose or functions.

1. The descriptive or expressive purpose.

- Description can be factual (describing, for example, the color and dimension
of an object) or it can be impressionistic (such as expressing what feels like.
2. The expository or informative purpose
- Exposition explains something.
3. The Narrative Purpose- a narrator tells a story.
4. The argumentative and/or persuasive purpose- a writer or speaker uses
argumentation to convince readers or hearers of the truth (or falsehood) of a
proposition. The purpose of persuasive writing, however, is to convince you the
reader or hearer that some action must be taken.

PROSE FICTION- is often narrative, generally in the form of a novel or short story.
NON- FICTION- the theme, the central idea of the work, is also called the thesis in
nonfiction prose. The thesis refers to the writer’s position on the subject.

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

Basic Organization Principle Definition

Analogy - Comparisons using the known to explain

or clarify the unknown
Cause and Effect Establishing a relation between outcomes
And the reasons behind them
Comparison/contrast Pointing out similarities and differences of
subjects.

Definition- Clarifying by using synonyms or by pointing out uniqueness within a

general class.
Description- using words to convey sensory impressions or abstract concepts.
 Analysis and Classification (Division) – Dividing a subject into parts (analysis) or
grouping information by class.
Example- Using illustrations to clarify, explain or prove a point
Induction- Reasoning that arrives at a general principle or draws a conclusion from
the facts or examples.
Deduction – Reasoning that uses a syllogism (two premise and a conclusion)
Narration – Telling what happened in chronological order (recounting events or
telling a story.
Process (Analysis) – Explaining how something happened or happens (work) –
sometimes instructional in purpose.
Fiction – is an imaginative literary narrative that can be in the form of prose, poetry,
or drama
1. Novel- an extended prose narrative that is fiction.
2. Novelette – shorter than the novel, more tightly structured. Sometimes called a
short novel, it generally consists about 15, 000 to 50,000 words.
3. Short Story – rangers from 500 (in the short- short story) to 15, 000 words.
- The short story is very tightly structured with a formal development.
4. Anecdote – a narrative of a single episode (an incident). Once referring simply to
gossip, today anecdote is very popular among magazine article writers as an
attention – getting device to introduce their subjects.
5. Tragedy- in a tragic narrative, humans do not and cannot overcome inevitable
failure, although they may demonstrate grace and courage along the way.
6. Comedy – a comic effect is produced when the plot leads the characters into
amusing situations, ridiculous complications, and a happy ending.
7. Satire – a narrative is satiric when it makes a subject look ridiculous.
8. Romance- a romantic narrative (called a prose romance) has clear distinctions
between the “good guys and the bad guys”, an adventurous plot, and events
that occasionally demand that the reader believe the otherwise unbelievable.
9. Realism – a realistic narrative is in contrast to the romance. It tries to mirror real
life, not present life as the reader thinks or wishes it could be.

Analysis paper or review paper is one which you discuss the relationship of the parts of a work
of a whole.

Reaction Paper- is one in which you record your thoughts, feelings & ideas about a work, as in
your reactions of pity & sorrow to Blake’s poem.

Interpretive paper- is one in which you discuss what the author or artist is communicating as in
writing about the feelings of loneliness & isolation in Picasso’s painting.

Slang- is extremely informal language. Is usually figurative & highly exaggerated.

Colloquial language is the conversational and everyday language of educated people.

Jargon – is the special language used by people in a particular field or group to communicate
with others in the same field or group to communicate with others in the same field or group.
Cliché – is an over used phrase or figure of speech that has lost its freshness and its ability to
express thoughts exactly.
Euphemisms- are words that disguise seemingly harsh or offensive realities.

Dictionaries- these give information about a word.

Thesaurus- a special kind of dictionary that lists synonyms and antonyms of words and related
words and phrases.
Encyclopedias- these give very useful though brief information on certain subjects and people.
Biographical Dictionaries – these give information about distinguished people, living or dead.
Atlases – these are books of maps. They contain vast amounts of information about the cities of
the world- facts about population, industries, natural wonders, climates, exports and imports
and a brief history.
Gazetteers- these are lists of people names with some information about each place. The lists
are alphabetical and the information includes the exact location of each place indicating
whether it is a town, a country, a river or mountain and a brief history description.
Almanacs- these are full of information on current events. They also contain social, political and
commercial statistics, sports records, recent laws and other important facts.
Yearbooks- these are books of facts that are published annually to meet the need for current
information. They may be encyclopedia supplements.

GETTING INFORMATION ABOUT THE NEWSPAPER

Newspapers reports, interpret and comment on what is happening here and abroad.
They also entertain and influence the community.
A newspaper has basically the following sections:

Front page – it contains the most important news of the day either here on abroad.
Editorial Page – it is said to be the “soul” of the newspaper and contains the editorial columns.
The readers views, the masthead and the editorial cartoon.
Sports Section – it contains the news on sports events that happened or will soon happen.
Business Section- contains commercial, industrial and agricultural news and developments here
and abroad.
Shipping Guide – contains the schedule of arrival and departure of local/international vessels,
together with their respective pats of call.

Figurative of Language

1. Metaphor – compares two unlike things, feelings, objects and the simile. Ex: The camel
is the ship of the desert.
2. Similes – compare two dissimilar things but always use the words “as if” (for a clause) or
“like” (for a word phrase). Ex: A camel is like a ship in the desert.
3. Personification – the object that is being personified- referred to as a human with the
personal pronoun sometimes, or possessing human attributes – is capitalized as in “Ode
on a Distant Prospect of Eastern College”
4. Alliteration the repetition of consonants at the beginning of words that are next door to
each other is close by. Ex: “skydark scanted” “man’s mounting”
5. Apostrophe – the direct address of someone or something that is not present. Ex: “Ode
to Psyche” O goddst! Hear these timeless numbers”
6. Assonance- the repetition of vowels sounds usually internally rather than initially.
Ex: Her goodly eyes like sapphires shining bright.
7. Consonance similar to slant rhyme- the repetition of consonant sounds with out the
vowel sound repeated.
“Pied Beauty”: “All Things Counter, original, space, strange,….
Adazzle , dim”
8. Hyperbole refers to large over statement often used to draw attention to a mark of
beauty or a virtue or an action that the poet disagree with. “ A marriage”
9. Irony- plays an important role in voice or tone, inferring a discrepancy between what is
said and what is meant Ex. “Ozymandias” great rider who thought that he and his
name would lost forever “My name is Ozymandics, thing of lenogs/ Look on my works,
Almighty and Despair!”
10. Metonymy – the name for something closely related to it which then takes on a larger
meaning
“You can’t fight city Hall”
“You can’t go home again”
11. Onomatopoeia – a device in which word captures the sound.
“To Autumn”
12. Paradox – a situation or action or feeling that appears to be contradiction but on
inspection turns out to be tried or at least make sense. “The pen is mightier than the
sword.”

Syntax- the ordering of words into a particular pattern.

 Tone- the voice or attitude of the speaker.
Pun- a play on words often for humorous or sarcastic effect.

Simile- expressed comparison between two dissimilar objects by means of the words like,
as or as if.
Ex: Serenity of mind poises like a gull swinging in air.
Metaphor- gives an implied, not expressed, comparison to two unlike objects. Ex: Good books
are food and drink to an avid reader.
Personification- gives an inanimate object or an abstract idea a human attribute or considers it
alive being. Ex: At last the wind sighed itself to sleep.
Hyperbole- use exaggeration not to deceive but to produce laughter. Ex: Morning, noon and
night her tongue was incessantly doing.

1. “One must commit oneself to a conjunction with the other- forever. But it is not selfless-
it is a maintaining of the self in mystic balance and integrity, like a star balanced with
another star. “The above description of love is stated by Birkin in Women in Love.
2. “My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; coral is far more red than her lips red: If
snow be white, why then her breast are dun; If hairs be white, black wires grow on her
head.” The author of this line is Shakespeare.
3. “He lived Awidst th’ Untrodden ways, to Rydal Lake that lead a bard whom there ere
none to praise, and very few to read. These lines parody the first stanza of a poem by
Wordsworth.
4. “No, I’ll not weep. I have full cause of weeping, but this heart shall break into a hundred
thousands flaws or ere I’ll weep. O Fool, I shall go read. This passage is from King Fear.
5. I impeach him in the name and by virtue of those eternal laws of justice which he has
violated. I impeach him in the name of human nature itself which he has cruelly
outranged, injured and oppressed….This is form of speech by Edmund Burke

Irony – saying the opposite of what is meant in a manner or in a tone that shows what the
speaker thinks. Ex: It was very kind of you to remind me of my humiliation.

Ullalim- are ballads that narrate the heroic exploits of culture heroes which also emphasize the
bravery and pride of the Kalinga people.

Amadis Ma. Guerrero

“children of the City”
Jose Garcia Villa “Footnote to Youth” God Said, “I Made A Man”
Buenaventura S. Medina and “Moog”- ay hugis ng Kawalayan o Hubog ng Pagkatao.
Isagani R. Cruz
“Kuwadro”
Gilda Cordero-Fernando
“People in the War” a Family devotion during terrors of war time.

Kinds of Reading
1. Skimming – characterized by quick, cursory reading of a book to get the main idea.
2. Scanning - done by glancing through a line or page to locate a specific information, date,
name of person and number.
3. Extensive reading – leisure type of reading
4. Close Reading or Intensive reading – entails a great deal of attention and concentration
and in depth analysis.
Getting meaning from context clue- vocabulary
Getting the main idea- a central thought or idea is usually contained in a topic sentence.
Noting details – enables reader to spot and remember items/details with in the passage.
Sequencing – enable reader to follow the order or arrangement of ideas as presented by the
writer.

Reading Periods SQ3R

 1. Period of reading readiness Survey, Question
2. Period of beginning reading Read, Recite, Review or
3. Period of rapid growth pre-reading
4. Period of refinement skimming and previewing

Accent – is stress given to certain syllables according to a metrical patterns.

Action- the events that take place in a work of literature.
Allegory – prose or verse in which the objects, events or people are presented symbolically, so
that the story conveys a meaning other than and deeper than the actual incident or characters
described.
Alliteration – repetition of the initial letter or sound in two or more closely associated words or
stressed syllables.
Allusion – a figure of speech making casual reference to a famous historical or literary figure or
event.
Analogy – comparison of two objects that are essentially different but have at least one
common quality.
Anastrophe – inversion of the usual, normal a logical order of the parts of a sentence.
Annotation - textual comment in a book.
Assonance – resemblance or similarity in sound between vowels into or more syllables.
Ballad – a form of verse, adapted for singing or recitation, which presents a dramatic or exciting
episode in simple narrative form.
Blank verse – unrhymed verse, usually with lives of ten syllables each. No second, no fourth,
the sixth, eight, tenth syllables bearing the accents.
Classics – a piece of literature that has achieved a recognized position in literary history for its
superior qualities “Paradise Foot”
Climax – the highest point of interest in narrative fiction.
Comedy – a form of drama that is intended to amuse and that ends happily.
Debate – a medieval literary form in which two speakers dispute a topic.
Drama – performed by actors on a stage.
Elegy – a lyric poem setting both the poet’s meditations upon death.
Epic – a long narrative poem presenting heroic characters who take part in series of adventures
over an extended period of time.
Essay – a discussion in prose of a certain topic.
Fable – a brief tale in either prose or verse, with a moral.
Folklore- archaic myths, customs and traditions that have survived until the modern age. Ex:
legend, riddles, ballad, superstitious, rhymes.
Georgic – a poem about rustic life.
Haiku – a Japanese verse from consisting of 17 syllables in these lines.
Huitain – a complete poem of eight lines.
Hyperbole- a figure of speech based on exaggeration, as a rivers of blood.
Idiom – a use of words or a grammatical construction peculiar to a certain language.
Irony – a form of speech in which the actual ewan is expressed in words that carry the opposite
meaning. “Brutus is an honorable man?
Kabuki- a form of Japanese drama similar to an operator.
Koran- sacred book of Muslims.
Legend – a narrative or tradition handed down from the past.
Lyric – a type of poetry marked by emotion, melody, imagination and a unified effect.
Melodrama – a play based on a romantic plot and developed sensationally with little regard for
convincing motivation and with a contrast appeal to the emotions of the audience.
Metaphor – a figure of speech based on a comparison that is implied rather than directly
expressed. Ode – a lyric poem expressing exalted or enthusiastic emotion.
Opera – musical drama in which the dialogue is sung to the accompaniment of orchestra music.
Personification – a figure of speech that endowed animals, ideas, abstractions and inanimate
objects with human form, character or feelings. The representation of imaginary creatures or
things as having human personalities, intelligence and emotions.
Phoneme – a basic sound unit in a language.
Plot – the framework of a piece of drama or fiction ; the planned series of interrelated incidents
that make up the story being told.
Poem – a composition in metrical form, characterized by qualities of imagination, emotion,
significant meaning and appropriate language.
Poetry – a composition that evokes emotion and imagination by the use of vivid, intense
language, usually arranged in a pattern of words or lines with a regularly repeated accent or
stress.
Prose – spoken or written language that is not metrically versified as distinguish from poetry or
verse.
Rhyme – similarity or identity of sound in the accented syllables of two or more words.
Rhythm – a movement having a regular repetition of a beat, accent, stress, rise and fall.

Level of Comprehension
1. Literal level – ability to identify and remember significant details, follow the sequence
and relationship of ideas.
2. Interpretative level – involves skills in referring and forming conclusions.
3. Critical level – to make and evaluations judgment about the content of the selection
using as basis other people’s opinion on the matter or the reader’s personal experience.
4. Application level – equated with creature thinking called reading beyond the lines.
Chinese Proverb – “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you
feed him for a lifetime.

Persian Proverb – The man who speaks the truth is always at ease.
Japanese Proverb – fall seven times, stand up eight.