industry. In addition, the Data Book has found wide acceptance in the refining, gas transmission, and petrochemical industries. This edition is an attempt to assemble, in a single volume, basic design information together with data and procedures that can be used by field and plant engineers to determine operating and design parameters. It is also intended as an aid to design engineers who, in spite of increasing availability of com— puter routines and other sophisticated design methods, require a general reference work as a guide to accepted engineering practice for estimating, feasibility studies, and preliminary design. To meet these dual needs, every attempt has been made to present material and data in simplified, easily used form to allow rapid estimations and calculations with a slide rule or desk calculator. Ex— ample problems are included where necessary for clarification, and documentation has been provided for users who wish additional detail. In recognition of the rapidly changing technology of the process industries, the Ninth Edition has been published in a loose-leaf format, which will permit periodic up-dating in response to new data, improved methods, and industry needs.