KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COMPENDIUM OF MST-II (RME-503)

UNIT-II MACHINE TOOLS

Machines tools
A machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by
cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation. ... The precise definition of the
term machine tool varies among users, as discussed below.

Classification of machine Tools

1) General purpose
(a) Lathe
(b) Drilling machine
(c) Milling machine
(d) Planning machine
(e) Shaping machine
(f) Sawing machine
2) Special Purpose
(a) Special lathes like capstan, turret
(b) Boring machine
(c) Broaching machine
(d) Production milling and drilling machine.

Types of Lathes machines.

1. Center Lathe or Engine Lathe

2. Bench Lathe
3. Tool Room Lathe
4. Speed Lathe
5. Capstan and Turret Lathe
6. Automatic Lathe

Difference between capstan and turret lathe

whereas capstan lathe is suitable for small to heavy works. Originally Answered: What is the
main difference between a turret lathe and a capstan lathe with a diagram? Both turret
lathe and capstan lathe are production lathe. They are differentiated by the way in which the turret is
mounted.
Name of LATHE OPERATIONS
The engine lathe is an accurate and versatile machine on which many operations can be performed. These
operations are:
1. Plain Turning and Step Turning
2. Facing
3. Parting
4. Drilling
5. Reaming

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 6. Boring
7. Knurling
8. Grooving
9. Threading
10. Forming
11. Chamfering
12. Filling and Polishing
13. Taper Turning

14. Differentiate between shaper and planer.

S. No Shaper Planer
1 Shaper is used to machine small work It can work with large size of work piece.
piece which can fit on the table.

2 Tool is the moving part in shaper machine. Work piece is the moving part in planer.

3 Work piece remain stationary on this Tool remains stationary on planer.

machine.
4 It is light duty machine.
5 It can use only one cutting tool at a time.
6 It uses single point cutting tool.
7 Shaper is used quick return mechanism to
drive the ram. In modern machine
hydraulic drive is also used
8 It gives poor accuracy compare to planer.
It is a heavy duty machine.
It is equipped more than one cutting tool
at a time.
It also used single point cutting tool but
more than one tool can be used at same
time.
Planer is driven by gear or hydraulic
arrangement.
It gives higher accuracy.

Shaper is smaller in size and gives slow

9 cutting speed. It is not suitable where
productivity is prime concern.
It gives higher accuracy.
10 The stroke length can be adjustable.
Stroke length can be adjusted.

15. Differentiate between Up milling and Down milling.

S. Up Milling Down Milling

No
1
In up milling the cutter rotates against In Down milling, the cutter rotates with
direction of feed. direction of feed.

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2 In this, chip width size is zero at initial cut and
increase with feed. It is maximum at the end of
feed.
3 In this process, heat is diffuse to the work
piece which
causes the change in metal properties.
4 It is also known as conventional milling.
In this cutting process, chip size is
maximum at start of cut and decrease with
the feed. It is zero at the end of feed.
In down milling most of heat diffuse to the
chip does not
change the work piece properties.
It is also known as climb milling.

5 In up milling, tool wear is more because the
tool runs against the feed.
6 The cutting chips are carried upward by
the tool so known as up milling.
In this, tool wear is less compare to the up
milling, due
to the cutter rotate with the feed.
The chips are carried downward by the tool
so known as down milling

7 The cutting chips fall down in front of the The cutting chips fall down behind the tool.
cutting tool This gives
which again cut the chips cause less surface Better surface finish
finish.
The cutting chips are carried upward by the The chips are carried downward by the tool
tool so known so known as down milling
8 as up milling.
9 Due to upward force by tool, high strength zig In down milling, downward force act on
and fixture work piece normal zig and fixture required.
required to hold the work piece.
10 It is the traditional way of cutting the work It is non-traditional way, but now days,
piece down milling used
more than up milling.

Drilling
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid
materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against the
work-piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute.

Difference between drilling and reaming

A reamer is a type of rotary cutting tool used in metalworking. ... The process of enlarging the hole
is called reaming. There are many different types of reamer and they may be designed for use as a
hand tool or in a machine tool, such as a milling machine or drill press.

Difference between drilling and boring

Boring, on the other hand, is a process of enlarging a hole that has already been made by another
process (such as drilling or casting). In short, boring is a secondary finishing
operation. Drilling requires a cutting tool called a drill bit. A straight hole is drilled with a specific
diameter and depth

Reaming process
A reamer is a type of rotary cutting tool used in metalworking. Precision reamers are designed to
enlarge the size of a previously formed hole by a small amount but with a high degree of accuracy to
leave smooth sides. ... The process of enlarging the hole is called reaming.

Broaching

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In rotary broaching, the broach is rotated and pressed into the work piece to cut an axisymmetric
shape. A rotary broach is used in a lathe or screw machine. In both processes the cut is performed in
one pass of the broach, which makes it very efficient.