TO THE LEARNERS

Here are some reminders as you use this module:

 Use the module with care especially in turning each page.
 Be reminded to answer the Pre-Test before moving on to the
Learning Module.
 Read and comprehend the directions in every exercises.
 Observe honesty in answering the tests and exercises.
 Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of this
material.
 Try to finish a given activity before proceeding to the next.
 4
PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT

MA, JUDALYN A. PAYO, RPm, LPT

Copyright 2019

1
 WHAT IS THIS MODULE ALL ABOUT?

This module serves as a learning resource material in understanding the

target competency expected in the curriculum.

TOPIC
The Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence

CONTENT STANDARD
The developmental challenges in middle and late adolescence and
expectations of and from adolescents

LEARNING COMPETENCY

EsP-PD11/12CA-Ie-4.2

The presented activities or exercises and texts are developed

in order to meet the following objectives:

Learners express your feelings on the expectations of the significant people

around you, such as your parents, siblings, friends, teachers, community
leaders.

2
 PRE-TEST

Read the following items carefully. Write the

letter of your answer.

1. The first known use of the phrase ‘‘significant other”.

A. Emil Coue
B. Muhammad Ali
C. Prof. Jensen Mañebog
D. Harry Stack Sullivan

2. In ___________, the term denotes a person that guides and takes care of
a child during primary socialization – a parent, uncle or aunt,
grandparent or teacher. .

A. Sociology
B. Psychology
C. Physiology
D. Anthropology

3. By knowing yourself more, you.

A. Tend to not give up easily

B. May control influenced by peer
C. Find it easy to change your habits
D. Can better cope with the demands of life

4. What is the best style of communication is use when making

decisions on how to relate with other people?

A. Passive
C. Assertive
B. Aggressive
D. Progressive

5. What skills do you need to make healthy decisions in a relationship?

A. passive communication
B. ability to persuade others, love

3
 C. intelligence memory, ability to do public speaking
D. assertive communication, active listening, and negotiation
skills.

6.In Philippines, children are usually taught to:

A. think and act as a member of their family

B. think and act independently of other family members
C. be self-reliant rather than dependent on other family members
D. to suppress their own wishes when they are in conflict with
the needs of the family

7. In a family, young people can be _____.

A. Protected
B. victimized 
C. both a and b 
D. neither a nor b 

8. Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her

friends than with her family. Knowing this is the case, Cassandra's
parents should: 

A. seek family counseling. 

B. encourage Cassandra to find new friends. 
C. not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer
influence and diminishing parental influence.
D. be concerned, because deteriorating parent-adolescent
relationships, such as this one, are often followed by a range of
problem behaviors.  

9. Research on social relationships between parents and their

adolescent children shows that: 

A, parental influence on children increases during adolescence. 

B. high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships
with their mothers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships
with girlfriends. 
C. high school boys who have the most affectionate relationships
with their fathers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships
with friends. 
D. most teens are strongly influenced by parents in matters of
personal taste. 

4
1o. Frequent harsh punishment ________________________.

A. Promotes positive, lasting changes in behavior when combined

with induction
B. Causes children to be overly sympathetic towards adults and
peers
C. Is more effective than induction in reducing children’s
misbehavior
D. Increases the likelihood that a preschooler will develop
serious, lasting mental health problems

5
 LET’S SEE WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW

Divide the class into groups of about five people. Ask them to discuss and
then answer the following questions:

1) Write a list of the kind of things which break the relationship to our
parents, siblings, teachers and friends.
2) Write down what you think are the best ways of mending the relationship
to our parents, siblings, teachers and friends that have been broken.
3) To think over and act on. Is there bad feeling
between you and your parents?
between you and your sibling/s?
between you and your teacher?
between you and someone who used to be a good friend?

If so, think through what you can do about it and when.

LET’S LEARN

The Significant Others

The first known use of the phrase ‘‘significant other” is by the US
psychiatrist Harry stack Sullivan in his book The Interpersonal Theory of
Psychiatry.
Significant other, or significant others is synonymous with the term
relevant other. In psychology, the term denotes a person that guides and
takes care of a child during primary socialization – a parent, uncle or aunt,
grandparent or teacher. He or she protects, rewards and punishes the child
as a way of aiding the child’s development.
Nowadays, the term ‘‘significant others’’ is used to refer to all people
who are of sufficient importance in a person’s life to affect his/her emotions,

6
behavior and sense of self. Though one use of the term refers to a romantic
partner, its wider use includes other relations such as family members
(parent’s, siblings and relatives), friends and mentors (teachers, religious
leaders and community leaders).

Parents

A parent refers to - a father or mother; one who begets or one who

gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of
guardian. The third meaning may include a child’s aunt, uncle or
grandparents, as in the case of children whose biological parents had
passed or not residing in their home. In addition, a parent may not be an
adoptive parent who nurtures and raises an offspring, but is not actually
biologically related to the child.

Siblings

A sibling is one’s brother or sister. The term sibling once meant

anybody who is related to a person, but now especially anthropologically
speaking, it is reserved for children of the same parent or parents.

Teachers

A teacher is ‘‘a person who delivers an educational program, assesses

student participation in an educational program, and/or administers or
provides consistent and substantial leadership to an educational program’’
(“Meaning of Teacher’’, n.d). In reality though, being a teacher goes beyond
this technical definition. A teacher may also act as guide, counselor, adviser,
guardian and even as a parent.

Community Leaders

Community Leader is ‘‘a designation, often by secondary sources

(particularly in the media), for a person who perceived to represent a
community” (Community Leader”, n.d) It can be individual or group
leadership, voluntary or paid. Though barangay, city or municipal leaders
may be considered as community leaders, some community leaders may not
be elected to their positions.

Friends

A friend is “a person whom one knows and with whom one has a bond
of mutual affection, typically exclusive of sexual or family relations (“Friend,”

7
n.d.). In other words, he or she is someone whom you know well and who
you like a lot, but who is usually neither a member of your family nor your
romantic partner.

LET’S TRY THIS AND SELF-CHECK

Dear Significant Other

This activity aims to facilitate communication between students and

the respective significant others about the challenges adolescents are facing,
their feelings about expectations towards them.

Procedure:

On your journal, make a letter addressed to your significant other

(choose at least one). In your letter courteously express how you feel about
the stage you are going through (adolescence) and what you think and feel
about their expectations of you.

LET’S STUDY AND ANALYZE THESE

1. What did you feel when you were writing your feelings about adolescence?
2. Was it hard to think of the right words to use in your letter to your
significant others?
3. What do you think is the significance of letting others know how you feel?

LET’S SEE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

8
Answer the following:

1. At present, whom do you consider as the most significant person in

your life and why?
2. What is the relevance of being able to express one’s feelings
regarding the expectations of significant others?

POST TEST

Read the following items carefully. Write the

letter of your answer.

1. The first known use of the phrase ‘‘significant other”.

A. Emil Coue
B. Muhammad Ali
C. Prof. Jensen Mañebog
D. Harry Stack Sullivan

3. In ___________, the term denotes a person that guides and takes care of
a child during primary socialization – a parent, uncle or aunt,
grandparent or teacher. .

A. Sociology
B. Psychology
C. Physiology
D. Anthropology

3. By knowing yourself more, you.

A. Tend to not give up easily

B. May control influenced by peer
C. Find it easy to change your habits
D. Can better cope with the demands of life

4. What is the best style of communication is use when making

decisions on how to relate with other people?

A. Passive

9
 C. Assertive
B. Aggressive
D. Progressive

5. What skills do you need to make healthy decisions in a relationship?

A. passive communication
B. ability to persuade others, love
C. intelligence memory, ability to do public speaking
D. assertive communication, active listening, and negotiation skills.

6.In Philippines, children are usually taught to:

A. think and act as a member of their family

B. think and act independently of other family members
C. be self-reliant rather than dependent on other family members
D. to suppress their own wishes when they are in conflict with the
needs of the family

7. In a family, young people can be _____.

A. Protected
B.  victimized 
C. both a and b 
D. neither a nor b 

8. Fourteen-year-old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her

friends than with her family. Knowing this is the case, Cassandra's
parents should: 

A. seek family counseling. 

B. encourage Cassandra to find new friends. 
C. not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer
influence and diminishing parental influence.
D. be concerned, because deteriorating parent-adolescent
relationships, such as this one, are often followed by a range of
problem behaviors.  

9. Research on social relationships between parents and their

adolescent children shows that: 

A, parental influence on children increases during adolescence. 

B. high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships
with their mothers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with

1
0
 girlfriends. 
C. high school boys who have the most affectionate relationships
with their fathers tend to enjoy the most intimate friendships with
friends. 
D. most teens are strongly influenced by parents in matters of
personal taste. 

1o. Frequent harsh punishment ________________________.

A. Promotes positive, lasting changes in behavior when combined

with induction
B. Causes children to be overly sympathetic towards adults and
peers
C. Is more effective than induction in reducing children’s
misbehavior
D. Increases the likelihood that a preschooler will develop serious,
lasting mental health problems

1
1
 LET’S REMEMBER

Indeed, Adolescence is a difficult stage. Adolescents oftentimes feel

pressured to act in a specific manner, look in a certain way and achieve
particular goals. Expectations can affect adolescents positively or negatively.
Constructively, expectations can challenge or encourage them to be at their
best. Yet, unrealistic expectations may create negative effects such as
having the feeling that one is loser or a failure.

One’s family may have varied expectations such as on how to get

dressed and behave, whom to befriend and date, on what course or career to
pursue. In school, one is expected to act in accordance with the school’s
rules and regulations and to perform at least satisfactorily in academics and
school activities. Teenagers may not be aware, but they are also directly or
indirectly pressured by their peers, and even by the social, on how they
should look, feel, think and behave.

1
2
 REFERENCES

http://www.theother3rs.org/pdfs/R2M2.pdf
Mutya K-12 Complian Core, Personal Development, a Textbook and
Workbook for Senior High School students
Personal Development, Maria Gina Garcia – Cox
Personal Development Teacher’s Guide, Department of Education Republic
of the Philippines

1
3
 This module maybe adopted, modified and
reproduced for educational purposes with appropriate
credit to the author.
For inquiries, feedback and suggestions, please
contact the author through the Division Learning
resource Supervisor at Tel. No. _________________ and/or
email address ________________ @deped.gov.ph

1
4