CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDY IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

MINI PROJECT ASP0505

SEMESTER 2, SESI 2018/2019
PHYSICS II

Lecture group : 18
Group number : 1
Lecturer’s name : Sir Amirul Hakimi bin Baderus

No. Name Matric No.

1. Tan Shu Jia AS08907

2. Nur Dzuhaila Aina binti Dzahrin AS10128

3. Siti Nordiana binti Yusuf AS10121

1
CONTENT

No. Content Pages

1. Executive Summary 3

2. Abstract 4

3. Project Background 5

4. Literature review: Electrical Consumption 6

5. Bill attachment & calculation : Tan Shu Jia 7-12

6. Bill attachment & calculation : Nur Dzuhaila Aina binti Dzahrin 13-17

7. Bill attachment & calculation : Siti Nordiana binti Yusuf 18-23

8. Questions 24-25

9. Results & Discussion 26

10. Conclusion 27

11. References 28

2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the only electric utility company in

Peninsular Malaysia and also the largest publicly-listed power company in Southeast
Asia with MYR 99.03 billion worth of assets. It serves over 8.4 million
customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and the eastern state
of Sabah through Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd.

Energy consumption in the residential sector represents an important part of total

electricity demand. Most consumers are not alert about how to use energy efficiently
in their daily lives. In other words, consumers use electric energy inefficiently because
they use inefficient electrical appliances.

The main objectives of the project are to investigate the electrical appliances
consumption and the power consumption awareness for domestic applications in
Malaysia. Therefore, this report shows the usage of electricity of three different
students residing in one of the busiest state in Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan but in
different districts.

3
ABSTRACT

Based on a 2013 report by the Energy Commission of Malaysia, 20.6% of electricity

usage was by domestic users. There are about 7.8 million registered electricity
consumers with Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), the largest electricity utility in
Malaysia. Effective from 1st January 2014, TNB’s tariff remained unchanged at 21.8
cents/kWh for the first 200kWh of consumption per month, therefore there are nearly
50.4% (or 3.25 million) of all domestic users who pay RM43.60 or less monthly. On
average, domestic customers will experience an increase of 10.6% (3.03 cent/kWh).
The increase in the number of residential area development projects has had a great
impact on national development, but it has also increased energy demand. By making
households more energy efficient, the negative impacts on the environment can be
reduced.

In summary, this provide readers the information of electricity usage of three

different household. We have collected three electric bills per student to represent
each household and its usage. Furthermore, we provide readers with the comparisons
of these three household in order to show differences and likeliness between three
different household. This report also shows the explorance of electricity consumption
of households representing Malaysian citizens.

To conclude, Malaysia could provide itself completely with self-produced energy.

The total production of all electric energy producing facilities is 148 bn kWh, which is
108% of the countries own usage. Despite this, Malaysia is trading energy with foreign
countries. Along with pure consumptions the production, imports and exports play an
important role.

4
PROJECT BACKGROUND

The main objectives of this mini project are to investigate the electrical appliances
consumption and the power consumptions awareness for domestic applications in
Malaysia. In order to fulfill these objectives, every member in each group is required
to collect their house electric bills for three months.

From the electric bills collected, each of us calculate the electrical consumption by
some electronic appliances used at home for three months by roughly estimating
monthly usage (in unit kWh) of the electronic appliances. From the calculation, we
compare the electrical consumption of each electronic appliances by plotting bar graph
and determine which electronic appliances used the highest amount of electric.

This mini project will definitely help us to create awareness among the public on
saving the electric energy in various methods to conserve the environment.

5
LITERATURE REVIEW: ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION

Electric energy consumption is actually energy consumption which uses electric

energy. On the other word, it is the actual energy demand made on existing electricity
supply. The energy consumption can be calculated by multiplying power used by an
electrical appliance and total hour usage per day. Electric energy is most often
measured watt hours, (W·h) where it represents a constant power over a period of
time. 1 W·s is equivalent to 1 J and 1 W·h is equivalent to 3600 J. Electric energy
consumption devices used electric energy in order to generate desired output that is
convenient for human consumption. For instance, light, heat, motion and many more.
However, depending on the electrical efficiency during operation, some part of the
energy is consumed in unintended output, such as waste heat.

Energy efficiency is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide
products and services. An increase in the efficiency will result in less electric energy
consumption for a given demand of power and light. In contrast, demand will increase
strongly depending on growing economy in developing countries and electric usage of
transport and heating. Nowadays, electric drive has replaced combustion engines. It
is for heating less gas and oil, more electricity is used, if possible with heat pumps.

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 ASP0505 MINI PROJECT: ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION

OBJECTIVES:

✓ To explore electrical consumption and block rates (kWh/kW) for own homes.
✓ To compare electrical consumption for two months or more.
✓ To propose alternatives methods to reduce electrical usage.

1. Home Information

1. Name Tan Shu Jia

2. Address No.1, Jalan Keruing, 1C/2 Taman Keruing, 44200 Rasa,

Selangor.

3. Account no. 220204448505

4. Homesize (square feet) 328

No. My Home Selection Tick

Semi-Detached
Terrace House /
1. Home Type Bungalow
Apartment/Condominium
Own /
2. Own/Rent
Rent
1 adult
2 adults
3 adults
4 adults /
3. Numbers of resident 5 adults
6 adults
7 adults
8 adults
9 adults
10 adults
TNB /
4. Tariff Category SESCO
SESB

7
2. Sample Bill Attached (3 months)
07/09/2018

8
08/11/2018

9
08/01/2019

10
 3. Reading History

Reading Date Bill Number Reading Type Meter Consumption

Reading (kWh)
(kWh)
07.09.2018 1403912117 N 54017 291
08.11.2018 1436493586 N 54614 300
08.01.2019 1466892275 N 55231 309

Bill History

Bill Date Bill Number Bill Amount (RM) Amount

07.09.2018 1403912117 74.00 74.00
08.11.2018 1436493586 77.00 77.00
08.01.2019 1466892275 82.95 82.95

Consumption Amount History

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 4. Bill Calculation

08 January 2019

No. Electronic No. Watt Hours of kWh Months

Appliances of (per E.A.) usage per usage
E.A. day (kWh)
1. Ceiling fan 3 80 8 1.920 59.52
2. Standing fan 3 52 6 0.936 29.02
3. Fluorescent lamp 5 60 4 1.200 37.20
4. Refrigerator 1 190 24 4.560 141.36
5. Washing machine 1 700 0.75 0.525 16.28
6. Television 1 80 6 0.480 14.88
7. Iron 1 1000 0.42 0.420 13.02
TOTAL 311.28

TNB Tariff Rates:

Tariff Block Prorate Block Rates (RM) Amount (RM)

(kWh) (kWh)
200 200 0.218 43.60
100 100 0.334 33.40
300 11.28 0.516 5.82
TOTAL 311.28 82.82

5. Questions

I. Find the average cost monthly and daily rates from your electronic
appliances.

No. Electronic Rate Average Average Average Average

Appliances (RM) Daily Rates Daily Cost Monthly Monthly
(kWh) (RM) Rates Cost
(kWh) (RM)
1. Ceiling fan 0.218 1.92 0.42 58.88 12.84
2. Standing fan 0.218 0.88 0.19 27.09 5.91
3. Fluorescent lamp 0.218 1.20 0.26 36.80 8.02
4. Refrigerator 0.218 4.56 0.99 139.84 30.49
5. Washing machine 0.218 0.53 0.12 16.10 3.51
6. Television 0.218 0.35 0.08 10.67 2.33
7. Iron 0.218 0.45 0.10 13.68 2.98

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 ASP0505 MINI PROJECT: ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION

OBJECTIVES:

✓ To explore electrical consumption and block rates (kWh/kW) for own homes.
✓ To compare electrical consumption for two months or more.
✓ To propose alternatives methods to reduce electrical usage.

1. Home Information

1. Name Nur Dzuhaila Aina Bt Dzahrin

2. Address No 3, Jalan BK3/1,Bandar Kinrara, 47180,

Puchong.

3. Account no. 220165691908

4. Home size (square feet) -

No. My Home Selection Tick

1. Home type Semi-detached
Terrace house
Bungalow
Apartment/Condominium /
2. Own/rent Own /
Rent
3. Numbers of 1 adult
resident 2 adults
3 adults
4 adults
5 adults /
6 adults
7 adults
8 adults
9 adults
10+ adults
4. Tariff category TNB /
SESCO
SESB

13
2. Sample Bill Attached (2 months)

11/06/2018

14
11/07/2018

15
3. Reading History

Reading History

Reading Date Bill Number Reading Meter Consumption

Type Reading (kWh)
(kWh)
11 Jun 2018 1357367797 N 4748 526
11 July 2018 1374677398 N 5206 458

Bill History

Bill Date Bill Number Bill Amount Amount Payable

(RM)
11 Jun 2018 1357367797 RM197.25 RM197.25
11 Julai 2018 1374677398 RM146.95 RM146.95

Consumption Amount History (kWh)

540

520

500

480

460

440

420
Jun Consumption (kWh) Julai

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 4. Bill Calculation

11 Jun 2018

No. Electronic No. of Watt Hours of Day usage Month usage

Appliances E.A usage per (kWh) (kWh)
day
1. Fan 4 90 12 4.320 129.60
2. Fluorescent lamp 4 60 8 1.920 57.60
3. Refrigerator 1 209 24 5.016 150.48
4. Iron 1 1450 0.5 0.725 21.75
5. Bulb 2 310 5 3.100 93.00
6. Washing Machine 1 700 1.25 0.875 26.25
7. Water Filter 1 25 12.2 0.305 9.15
8. Television 1 134 9.5 1.273 38.19
Total (kWh) - - - 526.02

TNB Tariff Rates:

Tariff Block Prorate Block Rates (RM) Amount (RM)
(kWh) (kWh)
200 213 0.218 46.43
100 107 0.334 35.74
300 206 0.516 106.30
Total 526 - 188.47

5. Questions

I. Find the average cost monthly and daily rates from your electronic
appliances.

No. Electronic Rates Average Daily Average Average Average

Appliances (RM) Rates (kWh) Daily Cost Monthly Monthly
(RM) Rates Cost (RM)
(kWh)
1. Fan 0.218 3.82 0.82 112.98 24.63
2. Fluorescent lamp 0.218 1.56 0.34 46.80 10.20
3. Refrigerator 0.218 4.90 1.07 147.24 32.10
4. Iron 0.218 0.73 0.14 21.75 4.74
5. Bulb 0.218 3.10 0.68 93.00 20.27
6. Washing Machine 0.218 0.79 0.17 23.63 5.15
7. Water Filter 0.218 0.30 0.07 9.08 1.98
8. Television 0.218 1.20 0.26 36.11 7.87

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 ASP0505 MINI PROJECT: ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION

OBJECTIVES:

✓ To explore electrical consumption and block rates (kWh/kW) for own homes.
✓ To compare electrical consumption for two months or more.
✓ To propose alternatives methods to reduce electrical usage.

1. Home Information

1. Name Siti Nordiana binti Yusuf

2. Address No 43B, Lorong Permai 1A, Kg. Tasek Permai,

68000 Ampang, Selangor.

3. Account no. 220157175510

4. Home size (square feet) -

No. My Home Selection Tick

1. Home type Semi-detached
Terrace house ✓
Bungalow
Apartment/Condominium
2. Own/rent Own ✓
Rent
3. Numbers of 1 adult
resident 2 adults
3 adults
4 adults ✓
5 adults
6 adults
7 adults
8 adults
9 adults
10+ adults
4. Tariff category TNB ✓
SESCO
SESB

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2. Sample Bill Attached (3 months)

05/10/2018

19
07/12/2018

20
07/01/2019

21
3. Reading History

Reading History
Reading Date Invoice Reading Type Meter Reading Consumption
Number (kWh) (kWh)
05.10.2018 1421191993 Actual Reading 20339 166
07.12.2018 1449613619 Actual Reading 20705 203
07.01.2019 1466462964 Actual Reading 2897 178

Bill History
Bill Date Invoice Number Meter Reading Bill Amount (RM)
(kWh)
05.10.2018 1421191993 20339 36.24
07.12.2018 1449613619 20705 44.60
07.01.2019 1466462964 2897 35.75

Consumption Amount History

250

200
CONSUMPTION (KWH)

150

100 203
166 178

50

0
05.10.2018 07.12.2018 07.01.2019
READING DATE

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 4. Bill Calculation

07 December 2018

Hours of Month
Electronic
No. Watt usage per kWh usage
Appliances
day (kWh)
1. Dry Iron (1 unit) 1000 0.3 0.300 9.300
2. Fan (4 units) 50 7 1.400 43.400
3. Bulb (12 units) 22 6 1.584 49.104
4. Washing machine
400 0.5 0.200 6.200
(1 unit)
5. Refrigerator (1 unit) 230 24 5.520 171.120
6. Rice Cooker (1 unit) 400 0.5 0.200 6.200
7. Television (1 unit) 50 6 0.300 9.300
TOTAL 294.624

TNB Tariff Rates

Tariff Block Prorate Block

Rates (RM) Amount (RM)
(kWh) (kWh)
200 200 0.218 43.60
100 3 0.334 1.00
300 - 0.516 -
TOTAL 44.60

5. Questions

I. Find the average cost monthly and daily rates from your electronic
appliances.
No. Electronic Rate Average Average Average Average
Appliances (RM) Daily Rates Daily Cost Monthly Monthly
(kWh) (RM) Rates Cost
(kWh) (RM)
1. Dry Iron 0.218 0.300 0.07 9.200 2.01
2. Fan 0.218 1.400 0.31 43.098 9.40
3. Bulb 0.218 1.584 0.35 48.593 10.59
4. Washing machine 0.218 0.200 0.04 6.075 1.32
5. Refrigerator 0.218 5.520 1.20 169.280 36.90
6. Rice Cooker 0.218 0.200 0.04 6.120 1.33
7. Television 0.218 0.300 0.07 9.146 1.99

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QUESTION (Group)

II. Compare domestic tariff between TNB, SESB and SESCO.

TNB

Domestic Tariff Unit Current Rate ( 1 Jan 2018)

For the first 200 kWh (1- Sen/kWh 21.80
200 kWh) per month
For the next 100 kWh Sen/kWh 33.40
(201-300 kWh) per month
For the next 300 kWh Sen/kWh 51.60
(301-600) per month
For the next 300 kWh Sen/kWh 54.60
(601-900) per month
For the next kWh (901 Sen/kWh 57.10
kWh onwards) per month
The minimum monthly charge is RM 3.00.

SESB

Domestic Tariff Unit Current Rate ( 1 Jan 2018)

For the first 100 kWh (1- Sen/kWh 17.50
100 kWh) per month
For the next 100 kWh Sen/kWh 18.50
(101-200 kWh) per month
For the next 100 kWh Sen/kWh 33.00
(201-300) per month
For the next 200 kWh Sen/kWh 44.50
(301-500) per month
For the next 500 kWh Sen/kWh 45.00
(501-1000 kWh) per month
For the next kWh (1001 Sen/kWh 47.00
kWh onwards) per month
The minimum monthly charge is RM 5.00.

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 SESCO

Domestic Tariff Unit Current Rate ( 1 Jan 2018)

For 1 to 100 units per month Sen/kWh 18.00

For 1 to 150 units per month Sen/kWh 18.00

For 1 to 200 units per month Sen/kWh 22.00

For 1 to 300 units per month Sen/kWh 25.00

For 1 to 400 units per month Sen/kWh 27.00

For 1 to 500 units per month Sen/kWh 29.50

For 1 to 700 units per month Sen/kWh 30.00

For 1 to 800 units per month Sen/kWh 30.50

For 1 to 1300 units per month Sen/kWh 31.00

For above 1300 units per month Sen/kWh 31.50

The minimum monthly charge is RM 5.00.

The domestic tariff of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the highest followed by Sabah
Electricity Sdn. Bhd. (SESB) and Sarawak Electricity Supply Corp. (SESCO) has the
lowest domestic tariff.

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RESULT & DISCUSSION

The comparison chart showed that the electrical consumption by Nur Dzuhaila Aina
binti Dzahrin is the highest compared to Tan Shu Jia and Siti Nordiana binti Yusuf.
This may due to the hours of usage of electrical appliances at Nur Dzuhaila Aina binti
Dzahrin house is the longest. Therefore, it can be concluded that the longest the hours
of usage of electrical appliances, the higher the electrical consumption per month, the
higher the bill paid.

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CONCLUSION

There are many alternative ways to save bills, some are as following:

➢ Switch off the electronic appliances when not using it.

➢ Unplug electronic appliances when unused.
➢ Buy appliances with energy star to save electrical energy consumption.
➢ Check for electrical leakage for each electronic appliances.
➢ Install solar panels as way to generate electrical energy efficiently.
➢ Don’t use lamps in the day or afternoon. Use fluorescent lamps instead of
tungsten bulbs to save energy.
➢ Use natural light in the daytime. Open curtains and let sun shine in instead of
using artificial light (lamps). This can greatly reduce the amount of electricity
use in the day.

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REFERENCES

1. PRICING & TARIFFS. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.tnb.com.my/residential/pricing-tariffs
2. Power To Grow. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.sarawakenergy.com/customers/tariffs
3. Tariff Rates. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.sesb.com.my/?q=content/tariff-rates
4. Victorian Energy Saver. (2018, July 06). Top 10 ways to save on energy bills.
Retrieved from https://www.victorianenergysaver.vic.gov.au/save-
energy-and-money/top-10-ways-to-save-on-energy-bills
5. WikiHow. (2019, March 29). How to Save Electricity. Retrieved from
https://www.wikihow.com/Save-Electricity

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