NON-HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

OR

EQUATION REDUCIBLE TO HOMOGENOUS FORM

Non-Homogeneous Differential Equations of the type

𝑑𝑦 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2
Case I
𝑎1 𝑏1
If ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

to solve put 𝑥 = 𝑋 + ℎ, 𝑦 =𝑌+𝑘

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑌
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑋, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑌 so =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑋

𝑑𝑌 𝑎1 (𝑋 + ℎ) + 𝑏1 (𝑌 + 𝑘) + 𝑐1
=
𝑑𝑋 𝑎2 (𝑋 + ℎ) + 𝑏2 (𝑌 + 𝑘) + 𝑐2
𝑑𝑌 𝑎1 𝑋 + 𝑏1 𝑌 + 𝑎1 ℎ + 𝑏1 𝑘 + 𝑐1
= … … … … … . (𝑎)
𝑑𝑋 𝑎2 𝑋 + 𝑏2 𝑌 + 𝑎2 ℎ + 𝑏2 𝑘 + 𝑐2

We find the values of ℎ & 𝑘 by solving system of equations

𝑎1 ℎ + 𝑏1 𝑘 + 𝑐1 = 0
𝑎2 ℎ + 𝑏2 𝑘 + 𝑐2 = 0
Then eq (a) reduces to homogenous equation
𝑑𝑌 𝑎1 𝑋 + 𝑏1 𝑌
=
𝑑𝑋 𝑎2 𝑋 + 𝑏2 𝑌
In the variable 𝑋 & 𝑌
Case II
𝑎1 𝑏1
If =
𝑎2 𝑏2

Put 𝑧 = 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑎1 + 𝑏1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 1/𝑏1 ( − 𝑎1 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
The given equation will reduce to separable equation in 𝑥 & 𝑧
𝑥 =𝑋+2
𝑦 =𝑌+1
 𝑋 − 𝑌 −2 𝑋 + 𝑌 −5
( ) ( ) = (𝐶𝑋)7
𝑋 𝑋
𝑋2 𝑋5
= 𝐶 7𝑋7
(𝑋 − 𝑌)2 (𝑋 + 𝑌)5
𝑋7
= 𝐶 7𝑋7
(𝑋 − 𝑌)2 (𝑋 + 𝑌)5

𝑥 =𝑋+0
𝑦 =𝑌+1
𝑎1 𝑏1
=
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑡 = 3𝑥 − 4𝑦