COMMUNICATION

Derived from the Latin word “communicare” or “communico” which means “to
share”.

Models of COMMUNICATION
Types of Noise
Physical or Environmental
the biggest impediment to clear communication is everyday environmental noise. This
can include loud passersby, music (think talking over a band at a concert), traffic or
children playing.

Physiological noise

Physiological noise is created by barriers within the sender or receiver.

Examples:
articulation problems, mumbling, talking too fast,talking too slow
forgetting to pause, forgetting to breathe

Cultural Noise
Every communication proceeds with context. The sender chooses the message to
communicate within a context. Communication is affected by the context in which it
takes place.
Psychological noise
Psychological noise is mental interference in the speaker or listener.

Mechanical noise
This type of noise occurs when there is trouble with the machine i.e being used in
communication process.

Semantic noise
Semantic noise is interference created when the speaker and listener have different
meaning systems.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication
The word verbal means „connected with words and use of words.‟ Any
communication using words is verbal communication.

1. Oral Communication
Communication through the spoken word is known as oral communication. Of
the working time spent in verbal communication, 9 % is in writing, 16 % in
reading, 30 % in speaking and 45 % in listening.

2. Written communication
A message constitutes written communication when it is put in “black and
white.” It is a formal type of communication. The sender of the message or his
representative constitutes the writer.Written communication is usually
considered binding on business organizations and is often used as evidence.
 Non-Verbal Communication
Scientific analysis has shown that body movements and gestures constitute 55% of
effective communication. Hence, non-verbal communication merits great
consideration

Body Shape - the physical shape of our body communicates to others.

Smell and Touch - various doors and artificial fragrances on human beings
can sometimes convey emotions and feelings better than words.

Silence - can be a positive or negative influence in he communication process.

Paralanguage - “Para” means “like”; thus paralanguage literally means “like

language.

Space language (proxemics) - “personal space language.” countless

messages are communicated by the way people use space around them,

Time (chronemics) - the way we use our time provides a number of silent
messages.

Levels of Communication
Creators of Media
1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal 1. Writers
3. Group Communication 2. Journalist
4. Mass Communication 3. Editors
4. Directors
Characteristics of a good media practitioner
5. Performers
1. Truthfulness 6. Visual Artist
2. Objectivity
3. Hardwork
4. Empathy and Sympathy
5. Responsibility and Integrity