This Excel spreadsheet presents the simulation of the UR T60/T35 transformer biased differential protection and is built to provide

customers,
with a tool for excersizing different transformer setups, and test scenarios. The simulation can be used to verify the biased differential settings, the differential
and restraint metering on the relay, and the correct operation of the element, under created test conditions.
Some rules to follow, when working with the simulation program:
1) Please make sure you enter settings or test currents only into the clear boxes on the spreadsheet provided for that!
2) Make sure you enter "0" MVA for all windings you don't use in your transformer setup menu.
3) Make sure the angle of Winding 1 is "0" and the angles of the other transformer windings are entered With Respect To (WRT) Winding 1 as negative angles.
4) Make the settings for the Differential/Restraint characteristic without exceeding their ranges as set on the relay.
5) The magnitudes and angles of the injected test currents should be entered as the ones normally received by the relay from the transformer winding CTs.
This means for example, that if we have transformer 100MVA, 230kV/69kV Y/D30 degrees, and CT(w1) 500:5, and CT(w2) 1000:5, and we want to
simulate balanced conditions(differential current = 0), one can make the transformer setup, and enter the test currents for Winding 1 and Winding 2 as .
shown on the picture bellow:

Note that the angles of the entered test currents for Winding 2, are as they are received and seen
by the relay in normal in service conditions, means adding 180 dgreese to the phase shift angle of the
power transformer. From the example above, the angles say for phase A of Winding 2 than will be
-30 -180 = -210 degrees, phB(W2) = - 150-180 =330, and for ph C(W2) = - 270-180 = -90 degrees
he differential

egative angles.

= -90 degrees
 TRANSFORMER SETTINGS AND CTs
Nomber of Windings: 2 DIFF / RSTR CHARACTERISTIC
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 DIFFERENTIAL- RESTRAINT GRAPH
Rated(MVA) 100 100 0 0 0 0 Diff. min. PKP 0.20 Slope1 30.0
Nom. (kV) 230 69 230 230 230 69 Kneepoint 1 1.50
Connection WYE DELTA WYE WYE DELTA WYE Kneepoint 2 6.00 Slope2 95.0
Grounding YES NO YES YES NO YES
Angle WRT 0 -30 0 0 0 -30
CT primary 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Pre-calculated graph points >>Pre-calculated ratio of the point from the
CT sec. tap 5 5 5 5 5 5 Id/Ir, (%) Ph A Ph B Ph C characteristic, corresponding to the same
Inom. Prim. 251.0 836.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 restraint as per the actual Id/Ir ratio. The trip
Inom.Sec. 2.510 4.184 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 occurs, when the actual Id/Ir ratio,(%) is bigger
Rotations ABC Magnitude Reference Winding #: 2 than the pre-calculated Id/Ir ratio, (%)
TEST CURRENTS ACTUAL VALUES
IA IB IC I diff, pu Operating Characteristic DIFFERENTIAL CURRENTS
20
W1 19 Iad Ibd Icd
Magnitude 2.51 2.51 2.51 18 Magnitude 0.000 0.000 0.000
Angle 0.0 -120.0 -240.0 17 Angle -210.0 -330.0 -90.0
16
W2 15
Magnitude 4.18 4.18 4.18 14 RESTRAINT CURRENTS
13
Angle -210.0 -330.0 -90.0 12
Iar Ibr Icr
W3 11 Magnitude 0.837 0.837 0.837
Magnitude 0.00 0.00 0.00 10
9
Angle 0.0 -120.0 -240.0 8 Actual Differential/Restraint Ratio
W4 7 Actual ph A % ph B % ph C %
6
Magnitude 0.00 0.00 0.00 Id/Ir ratio 0.0 0.0 0.0
5
Angle 0.0 -120.0 -240.0 4
W5 3 DIFF. OPERATION
2
Magnitude 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 NO TRIP
0
Angle 0.0 -120.0 -240.0 Icd 15 16 17I restr,
Ia Ib Ic
0 1 2 Slope
3 characteristics
4 5 6 7 8 Iad
9 10 11 Ibd
12 13 14 18 pu19 20
W6 No trip No trip No trip
Magnitude 0.00 0.00 0.00
Angle -210.0 -330.0 -90.0

0
WYE NO ABC 1
DELTA YES ACB 2
ZIG-ZAG 3
4
5
6