Instructions Observations

Use 10 mm x 75 mm test tubes for Parts A-D. Use copper

(II) nitrate, nickel (II) nitrate, and cobalt (II) nitrate for
Parts A-D.
Transition Metal Complexes, Part A: Chloro Complexes of
Copper (II), Nickel (II), and Cobalt (II) Ions
Step #1: Form the Complexes
Add 10 drops of 0.1 M CuSO4, 0.1 M Ni(NO3)2, and 0.1 M
CoCl2 into each of three separate 75-mm test tubes. Then,
add 20 drops of HCl to each.
Step #2: Dilute the Complexes
Add 20 drops of water to each test tube using a transfer
pipette and mix the sample after every few drops of water.
Pay close attention to the color of the solution. Changes in
coordination complexes can occur with a slight change in
color given how dilute the solution is.
Transition Metal Complexes, Part B: Complexes of
Copper (II) Ion
Step #1: Form the Complexes
Place 10 drops of 0.1 M CuSO4 in each of five 75-mm test
tubes. Add 5 drops of NH3 to the first tube, 5 drops of
ethylenediamine to the second, 5 drops of KSCN to the
third, nothing to the fourth, and 10 drops of the Cu (II)
solution + 5 drops of the oxalate solution in the fifth, in
order to study the oxalate ion (C2O42-).
Step #2: Test for Stability
Add 3-5 drops of 1 M NaOH to all of the test tubes and
mix.
Transition Metal Complexes, Part C: Complexes of Nickel
(II) Ion
Step #1: Form the Complexes
Place 10 drops of 0.1 M NiCl2 in each of five 75-mm test
tubes. Add 5 drops of NH3 to the first tube, 5 drops of
ethylenediamine to the second, 5 drops of KSCN to the
third, nothing to the fourth, and 10 drops of the Ni (II)
solution + 5 drops of the oxalate solution in the fifth.
Step #2: Test for Stability
Add 3-5 drops of 1 M NaOH to all of the test tubes and
mix.
Transition Metal Complexes, Part D: Complexes of Cobalt
(II) Ion
Step #1: Form the Complexes
Place 10 drops of 0.1 M Co(NO3)2 in each of five 75-mm
test Tubes. Add 5 drops of NH3 to the first tube, 5 drops
of ethylenediamine to the second, 5 drops of KSCN to the
third, nothing to the fourth, and 10 drops of the Co (II)
 solution + 5 drops of the oxalate solution in the fifth.
Step #2: Test for Stability
Add 3-5 drops of 1 M NaOH to all of the test tubes and
mix.
Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis of Malachite
Pigment
In a 150 mL beaker, 3.1 g (0.0125 mol) of CuSO435H2O is
dissolved in 12.5 mL of distilled water.
While stirring, gradually add a carbonate solution, 1.45 g
(0.0135 mol) of Na2CO3 in 12.5 mL distilled water, to the
copper solution accompanied. The reaction releases CO2.
Cool the mixture in an ice bath for about 30 min
Filter the precipitate of insoluble greenish-blue colored
malachite by vacuum filtration, making sure to wash the
product with deionized water.
Dry in the drying oven for at least 45 minutes.
Wavelength of Maximal Absorbance Experiment
Using the LabQuest SpectroVis, obtain a Lmax curve for
[nickel (II) chloride] and [tris(ethylenediamine)nickel (II)
chloride dihydrate]. Record the curves in the lab notebook
and note the Lmax inside the visible region of the
spectrum (400nm-700nm).

A. Chloro Complexes of the Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Cobalt(II) Ions

Solution Color/H2O Color/HCl Formula of Effect of H2O

Complex
0.1M CuSO4
0.1M Ni(NO3)2
0.1M CoCl2

For each metal ion, state whether the aqua complex or the chloro complex is more stable:

Cu(2+): Ni(2+): Co(2+):

B. Complexes of the Copper(II) Ion

Ligand Color Formula of Complex Effect of OH-

NH3
Ethylenediamine
SCN-
H2O
C. Complexes of the Nickel(II) Ion

Ligand Color Formula of Complex Effect of OH-

NH3
Ethylenediamine
SCN-
H2O

D. Complexes of the Cobalt(II) Ion

Ligand Color Formula of Complex Effect of OH-

NH3
Ethylenediamine
SCN-
H2O

Experiment #6: Synthesis of Malachite

Mass of CuSO4 · 5 H2O: _______________________g (with error)

Mass of Na2CO3: ________________________g (with error)

Write the balanced equation for this reaction in the box below.

Limiting reactant: _________________________

Theoretical yield of malachite: _______________________g (with error)

Observed mass of malachite: _______________________g (with error)

Percent yield of malachite: _______________________% (with error)

Provide a brief comment below (only 2-3 sentences) about your calculated percent yield for this
reaction, explaining why it is above or below 100%.