GE Power Environmental

Gas Engine Exhaust Emission Levels

GE Waukesha’s approach to exhaust emission levels is to offer various stages of emission control technology. This approach
allows the customer to select the exhaust emission level required for a particular installation.

The following tables indicate emission levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard warranty period
and are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of 900 BTU/ft3 (35.38
MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index* of 91 or higher, 93% methane content by volume, and at ISO standard
conditions. Emissions are based on standard engine timing at 91 WKI* with an absolute humidity of 42 grains/lb. Refer to
engine specific WKI Power & Timing curves for standard timing. Unless otherwise noted, these emission levels can be achieved
across the continuous duty speed range and from 75% to 110% of the ISO Standard Power (continuous duty) rating.
Contact the local GE Waukesha representative or GE Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department for emission
values which can be obtained on a case-by-case basis for specific ratings, fuels, and site conditions.

The tabulated emission levels for GL models are achieved at the standard engine settings. Trade off adjustments can be
made to reduce emissions or fuel consumption, but not both. Contact the local GE Waukesha representative or GE
Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department for more information.

As an aid in evaluating emission requirements, tables of approximate unit conversion factors for exhaust emission levels are
included in this document.

The Waukesha emPact Emission Control System is now available on with the 5794GSI, 7042GSI_S4, and 7044GSI engines.
This system includes a GE-supplied catalyst sized to achieve either 0.5g/bhp-hr NOx (Option Code 1004) or 0.15 g/bhp-hr
NOx (Option Code 1005). The emissions for these are included in this document.

Waukesha emission control systems are designed for long life and consistent engine emission levels as listed in the following
tables. It must be recognized, however, that engine condition and the quality of engine maintenance have a direct bearing
on emission control. A control system cannot compensate for engine or maintenance deficiencies.

Reference the latest version of Waukesha gas engines Special Tools catalog (form 398) for product offerings related to
emission testing.

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APG* Series Engine Out Emission Levels

% OBSERVED
GRAMS/BHP-HR EXCESS
NOX ENGINE SPEED DRY
MODEL AIR
SETTING (RPM)
NOX (1) CO NMHC (4) THC O2* RATIO

T.A. Luft NOx 1.0 1.4 0.2 2.4 9.6 1.7

1500
1/2 T.A. Luft NOx 0.5 1.6 0.2 2.4 9.2 1.7
16V150LTD / APG1000
1.0 gm NOx 1.0 1.5 0.4 2.2 9.5 1.68
1800
0.6 gm NOx 0.6 1.60 0.42 2.59 9.5 1.68

* % O2 is given as a reference number only. APG Series engines are set to a specific NOx value.
NOTE: The above table indicates emission levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard warranty
period and are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of
900 BTU/ft3 (35.38 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 94 or higher, 93% methane content by
volume, and at ISO standard conditions. Emissions are based on standard engine timing at 94 WKI with an absolute
humidity of 42 grains/lb. Unless otherwise noted these emission levels can be achieved from 75% to 100% of the
ISO Standard Power (continuous duty) rating. Contact the local GE Waukesha gas engine representative or GE
Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department for emission values which can be obtained on a case-by-case
basis for specific ratings, fuels, and site conditions.

% OBSERVED
GRAMS/BHP-HR EXCESS
NOX ENGINE SPEED LT TEMP DRY
MODEL AIR
SETTING (RPM) ° C (° F)
NOX (1) CO NMHC (4) THC O2* RATIO

45 (113) 1.0 1.7 0.9 5.9 11.8 2.1

1200
55 (131) 1.0 1.6 0.8 5.1 11.5 2.0
T.A. Luft NOx
45 (113) 1.0 1.7 0.9 5.8 11.7 2.1
1500
12V220GL / APG2000 & 55 (131) 1.0 1.8 0.9 6.1 11.2 2.0
18V220GL / APG3000 45 (113) 0.5 3.0 1.5 9.9 12.7 2.2
1200
55 (131) 0.5 3.1 1.6 10.4 12.0 2.1
1/2 T.A. Luft NOx
45 (113) 0.5 2.4 1.2 8.2 11.6 2.0
1500
55 (131) 0.5 2.5 1.2 8.1 11.7 2.1

* % O2 is given as a reference number only. APG Series engines are set to a specific NOx value.

NOTE: The above table indicates emission levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard warranty
period and are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of
900 BTU/ft3 (35.38 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 91 or higher, 93% methane content by
volume, and at ISO standard conditions. Emissions are based on standard engine timing at 91 WKI with an absolute
humidity of 42 grains/lb. These emission levels can be achieved at 100% of the ISO Standard Power (continuous
duty) rating. Contact the local GE Waukesha gas engine representative or GE Waukesha’s Application
Engineering Department for emission values which can be obtained on a case-by-case basis for specific
ratings, fuels, and site conditions.

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VHP* emPact Catalyst Out Emissions 1

GRAMS/BHP-HR
MODEL Catalyst
NOx CO THC NMHC
Option Code 1004 0.5 1.0
L5794GSI 1.3 0.15
Option Code 1005 0.15 0.3
Option Code 1004 0.5 1.0
L7042GSI S4 1.6 0.20
Option Code 1005 0.15 0.3
Option Code 1004 0.5 1.0
L7044GSI 1.7 0.20
Option Code 1005 0.15 0.3
Option Code 1004 0.5 1.0
P9394GSI 0.4 0.10
Option Code 1005 0.15 0.3
1 Emission levels are based on 900 -1200 rpm operation at 75-100% load and require GE-supplied (NSCR) catalyst.

VHP Engine Out Emission Levels (Rated Load & Speed)

% OBSERVED EXCESS
MODEL CARBURETOR GRAMS/BHP-HR MASS VOLUME
DRY AIR
SETTING AFR2 AFR2
NOx1 CO NMHC4 THC CO O2 RATIO

Lowest Manifold
8.5 32.0 0.35 2.3 1.15 0.30 15.5:1 9.3:1 0.97
(Best Power)

G, GSI Equal NOx & CO 12.0 12.0 0.35 2.3 0.45 0.30 15.9:1 9.6:1 0.99
Catalytic Conv.
13.0 9.0 0.30 2.0 0.38 0.30 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.99
Input (3-way3)
Standard (Best
22.0 1.5 0.25 1.5 0.02 1.35 17.0:1 10.2:1 1.06
Economy)
F3524G
Catalytic Conv.
F3514GSI 16.0 13.0 0.20 1.0 0.38 0.30 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.995
Input (3-way3)
F3524GSI

Catalytic Conv.
L5794GSI# 14.0 9.0 0.30 2.0 0.38 0.30 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.995
Input (3-way3)

L7044G
Catalytic Conv.
L7044GSI# 14.0 11.0 0.40 2.5 0.38 0.30 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.995
Input (3-way3)
L7042GSI S4#

GL Standard 1.5 2.65 1.00 5.5 0.06 9.8 28.0:1 16.8:1 1.74
L5774LT Standard 2.6 2.0 0.60 4.0 0.04 8.0 24.7:1 14.8:1 1.54
Catalytic Conv.
P9394GSI# 11.6 10.8 0.2 0.7 0.38 0.30 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.999
Input (3-way3)
# Models without GE-supplied catalyst included as part of the emPact Emission Control System.

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275GL+/275GL/AT-GL Engine Out Emission Levels ‡

GRAMS/BHP-HR % OBSERVED DRY EXCESS
CARBURETOR MASS VOLUME
MODEL AIR
SETTING AFR (2) AFR (2)
NOX (1) CO NMHC (4) THC CO O2 RATIO

AT25GL 28:1 1.0 2.25 1.0 8.0 0.06 9.8 28.0:1 16.8:1 1.74
AT27GL 28:1 1.5 1.7 0.50 5.0 0.06 9.8 28.0:1 16.8:1 1.74
275GL/AT27GL 32:1 2.0 1.5 0.40 3.5 0.05 11.2 32.0:1 19.2:1 2.00
275GL+ 34:1 0.5 1.6 0.6 6.0 0.04 11.6 34:1 20.4 2.12

‡These AT-GL emission levels are based on 900 – 1000 rpm operation. For information at all other speeds contact GE
Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department.
NOTE: The above table indicates emission levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard warranty
period and are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of
900 BTU/ft3 (35.38 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 91 or higher, 93% methane content by
volume, and at ISO standard conditions. Emissions are based on standard engine timing at 91 WKI with an absolute
humidity of 42 grains/lb. Refer to engine specific WKI Power & Timing curves for standard timing. Unless otherwise
noted these emission levels can be achieved across the continuous duty speed range and from 75% to 110% of the
ISO Standard Power (continuous duty) rating. Contact the local GE Waukesha gas engine representative or GE
Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department for emission values which can be obtained on a case-by-case
basis for specific ratings, fuels, and site conditions.

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VGF emPact Catalyst Out Emissions:*

GRAMS/BHP-HR
MODEL Catalyst
NOx1 CO THC NMHC
Option Code 1004B 0.5 1.0
F18SE 1.1 0.15
Option Code 1005B 0.15 0.3
Option Code 1004B 0.5 1.0
H24SE 1.1 0.15
Option Code 1005B 0.15 0.3

* Emission levels are based on 1400-1800 rpm operation at 75-100% load and require GE-supplied (NSCR) catalyst.

VGF* Engine Out Emission Levels

GRAMS/BHP-HR % OBSERVED DRY EXCESS
CARBURETOR MASS VOLUME
MODEL AIR
SETTING NOX (1) CO NMHC(4) THC CO O2 AFR (2) AFR (2)
RATIO
Lowest Manifold
(Best Power) 12.0 28.0 0.30 2.0 1.1 0.30 15.5:1 9.3:1 0.97

Equal NOx & CO 15.0 15.0 0.30 2.0 0.70 0.30 15.8:1 9.5:1 0.98
G
Catalytic Conv.
Input (3-way3) 16.0 10.0 0.30 2.0 0.38 0.30 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.99
Standard (Best
Economy) 28.0 0.8 0.25 1.3 0.20 2.4 18.0:1 10.8:1 1.12
Catalytic Conv.
GSID
Input (3-way3) 16.0 8.0 0.25 1.5 0.35 0.18 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.99
Catalytic Conv.
SE 14.0 10.0 0.3 1.8 0.35 0.18 15.95:1 9.6:1 0.995
Input (3-way3)
Standard
(High Speed 2.6 1.75 0.75 5.0 0.04 7.8 24.5:1 14.7:1 1.53
GL, GLD Turbo Only)
11:1 CR
T.A. Luft
Emissions 1.25 1.65 0.45 3.5 0.03 8.2 25.4:1 15.2:1 1.59
GLD/2 +
Standard
(200 BMEP)
(High Speed Turbo Only) 1.25 2.1 0.65 4.2 0.04 9.0 26.2 15.7:1 1.65
11:1 CR
Standard
GL
8.7:1 CR
(High Speed 2.0 1.7 0.45 3.0 0.04 7.8 24.5:1 14.7:1 1.53
Turbo Only)
Code 1105
GL
11:1 CR
(High Altitude 1.0++ 1.45 0.35 3.90 .033 8.0 24.8 14.9:1 1.54
Low NOx)

+ For VGF GLD/2 models, the above table indicates emission levels that are for engines running on Dutch natural gas of 790 BTU/ft3
(31.45 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 99 or higher, 81% methane content by volume, and at ISO
Standard conditions.
++ NOx emissions level applies at continuous BHP (160 BMEP) at 25 grains/lb. absolute humidity.
NOTE: The above table indicates emission levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard warranty
period or are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of 900
BTU/ft3 (35.38 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 91 or higher, 93% methane content by
volume, and at ISO standard conditions. Emissions are based on standard engine timing at 91 WKI with an
absolute humidity of 42 grains/lb. Refer to engine specific WKI Power & Timing curves for standard timing. Unless
otherwise noted, these emission levels can be achieved across the continuous duty speed range and from 75% to
110% of the ISO Standard Power (continuous duty) rating. Contact the local GE Waukesha gas engine
representative or GE Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department for emission values which can be
obtained on a case-by-case basis for specific ratings, fuels, and site conditions.

NOTES FOR ALL TABLES:

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1. NOx is measured as (NO + NO2) and expressed as NO2.

NOTE: Any ammonia present in the fuel gas composition will result in an increase in the NOx output
beyond that of the normal engine NOx generation
2. Air/fuel ratio values are based on a natural gas fuel with a stoichiometric mass air/fuel ratio of 16.05:1 and a
H/C ratio of 3.85. Refer to S7884-7, or latest revision, for the complete gaseous fuel specification for Waukesha
gas engines.
3. Consult with individual catalyst manufacturers for their preferred air/fuel ratio set point and specific post-
catalyst emission values.
4. Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) includes all hydrocarbon gasses in the exhaust except for methane (CH4).
This value can be used for Reactive Organic Gasses (ROG), Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC), and Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOC).

Formaldehyde Emission Levels

The following table provides formaldehyde (CH2O) levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard
warranty period and are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of
900 BTU/ft3 (35.38 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 91 or higher, 93% methane content by volume,
and at ISO standard conditions. Values are based on standard engine timing at 91 WKI with an absolute humidity of 42
grains/lb. Refer to engine specific WKI Power & Timing curves for standard timing. Unless otherwise noted, these emission
levels can be achieved across the continuous duty speed range at the load levels tabulated. Contact the local GE
Waukesha gas engine representative or GE Waukesha’s Application Engineering Department for emission values which
can be obtained on a case-by-case basis for specific ratings, fuels, and site conditions.

CH2O
GRAMS/BHP-HR % OBSERVED EXCESS
CARB. MASS VOLUME
MODEL LOCATION DRY AIR
SETTING PERCENT LOAD AFR2 AFR2
CO O2 RATIO
100% 75%
AT25GL Engine Out Lean Burn 0.18 0.20 0.06 9.8 28.0:1 16.8:1 1.74
Lean Burn 0.18 0.20 0.06 9.8 28.0:1 16.8:1 1.74
275GL/AT27GL Engine Out
Ultra Lean 0.18 0.20 0.05 11.2 32.0:1 19.2:1 2.00
275GL+ Engine Out Lean Burn 0.28 0.31 0.04 11.6 34.0:1 20.4:1 2.10
12V220GL/
12.3
APG 2000 0.09- 2.03 -
Engine Out Ultra Lean - 32.1-35.3 19.3-21.2
18V220GL/ 0.23 0.29 0.15 2.20
13.4
APG 3000
16V150LTD/ 9.5-
Engine Out Lean Burn 0.14 0.15 0.07 26.9-27.2 16.2-16.4 1.68-1.7
APG 1000 9.6
0.30
0.02 – 15.5:1 – 9.3:1 – 0.97 –
VHP G, GSI Engine Out Rich Burn 0.05 0.05 –
1.15 17.0:1 10.2:1 1.06
1.35
0.30
0.02 – 15.85:1 – 9.5:1 – 0.99 –
VHP Series 4 GSI Engine Out Rich Burn 0.05 0.05 –
0.45 17.0:1 10.2:1 1.06
1.35
VHP Series 4 GSI** Catalyst Out Rich Burn 0.001 0.001 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
L5774LT 7.8 – 24.5:1 – 14.7:1 – 1.52 –
Engine Out Lean Burn 0.22 0.25 0.04
L5794LT 8.0 24.7:1 14.8:1 1.54

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VHP GL Engine Out Lean Burn 0.29 0.34 0.06 9.8 28.0:1 16.8:1 1.74
0.20 – 0.18 15.5:1 – 9.3:1 – 0.97 –
VGF G, GSID, SE Engine Out Rich Burn 0.05 0.05
1.1 – 2.4 18.0:1 10.8:1 1.12
VGF-SE** Catalyst Out Rich Burn 0.001 0.001 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
VGF GL, GLD, 0.03 – 7.8 – 21.5:1 – 13.9:1 – 1.53 –
Engine Out Lean Burn 0.19 0.22
GLD/2 0.04 9.0 25.4:1 15.2:1 1.65
** Models with GE-supplied catalyst included as part of the emPact Emission Control System.

Particulate Emission Levels

The following table provides particulate levels that are valid for new engines for the duration of the standard warranty
period and are attainable by an engine in good operating condition running on commercial quality natural gas of 900
BTU/ft3 (35.38 MJ/m3 [25, V(0; 101.325)]) SLHV, Waukesha Knock Index of 91 or higher, 93% methane content by volume, and
at ISO standard conditions. Values are based on standard engine timing at 91 WKI with an absolute humidity of 42
grains/lb. Refer to engine specific WKI Power & Timing curves for standard timing. Unless otherwise noted, these emission
levels can be achieved across the continuous duty speed range at the load levels tabulated. Contact the local Waukesha
gas engine representative or Waukesha’s Sales Engineering Department for emission values which can be obtained on
a case-by-case basis for specific ratings, fuels, and site conditions.
1. Particulates emissions in exhaust gas for 220GL engines
The specific amounts of particulates are less than:

Load 100 % < 10 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry

Load 90 % < 10 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry
Load 75 % < 10 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry
Load 50 % < 15 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry
Particulates measured as “dry dust” according to the ISO 9096 alternatively EPA Method 17 measurement
standards under steady state conditions.
2. Particulates emissions below 10 μm, so called PM 10, in exhaust gas for 220GL engines.
The specific amounts of particulates below 10 μm, PM 10 are less than:

Load 100 % < 10 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry

Load 90 % < 10 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry
Load 75 % < 10 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry
Load 50 % < 15 mg/m3N at 15 % O2, dry
Particulates measured as “in stack PM 10” according to EPA Method 201 excluding condensible matter.

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APPENDIX A
CONVERSION FACTORS
NOTE: All Factors are Approximate
TO CONVERT INTO MULTIPLY BY

G, GSI(D), VGF, GL(D) VHP/AT-GL(D) 16V150LTD AT27-GL 220GL

Excess Air
Ratio (λ) 0.93-1.06 1.53 1.74 1.69 – 1.72 2.00 2.20

For NOx grams/bhp-hr PPMV@ 15% O2 67 73 75 – 80 82

(as NO2) lbs/bhp-hr PPMV@ 15% O2 3.039x104 3.311x104 3.402x104 – 3.629x104 3.721x104
PPMV@ 15% O2 grams/bhp-hr 1.493x10-2 1.370x10-2 1.33x10-2 – 1.250x10-2 1.210x10-2
PPMV@ 15% O2 lbs/bhp-hr 3.291x10-5 3.020x10-5 2.94x10-5 – 2.756x10-5 2.680x10-5
PPMV@observed grams/bhp-hr – – – 5.6x10-3 – –

For CO grams/bhp-hr PPMV@ 15% O2 110 120 123 – 128 132

lbs/bhp-hr PPMV@ 15% O2 4.990x104 5.44x104 5.58x104 – 5.806x104 5.987x104
PPMV@ 15% O2 grams/bhp-hr 9.091x10-3 8.34x10-3 8.13x10-3 – 7.813x10-3 7.420x10-3
PPMV@ 15% O2 lbs/bhp-hr 2.004x10-5 1.84x10-5 1.79x10-5 – 1.722x10-5 1.685x10-5
For HC grams/bhp-hr PPMV@ 15% O2 194 212 212 – 212 212
(as CH3.85) lbs/bhp-hr PPMV@ 15% O2 8.800x104 9.616x104 9.616x104 – 9.616x104 9.616x104
PPMV@ 15% O2 grams/bhp-hr 5.155x10-3 4.717x10-3 4.717x10-3 – 4.717x10-3 4.717x10-3
PPMV@ 15% O2 lbs/bhp-hr 1.136x10-5 1.040x10-5 1.040x10-5 – 1.040x10-5 1.040x10-5

PPMV @ 15% O2 = PPMV observed X ( 5.9 )

(20.95-%O2)

grams X 1 lb = lbs
bhp-hr 453.6 grams bhp-hr

lbs X bhp = lbs

bhp-hr hr

lbs X 24 hrs X 365 days X 1 ton = tons

hr day year 2000 lbs year

Concentration C2 (at y% of O2 dry) = concentration C1 (at x% of O2 dry) X 20.95 – y

20.95 – x

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APPENDIX B
METRIC (SI) CONVERSION FACTORS
NOTE: All Factors are Approximate
Current European practice is to express emission levels in grams or milligrams (g or mg) per normal cubic meter (nm3) at 5%
oxygen. Emission values expressed in these units can be converted into g/bhp-hr units and back with the following
conversion factors:

A) For rich-burn, G, GSI engines:

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.7

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.0027

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.7 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .0027 = g/bhp-hr

B) For lean-burn, GL and LT, engines (VGF and VHP only):

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.47

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.00247

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.47 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .00247 = g/bhp-hr

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C) For 16V150LTD engines:

NATURAL GAS

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.00

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.002

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.00 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .002 = g/bhp-hr

DIGESTER GAS

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.16

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.00216

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.16 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .00216 = g/bhp-hr

LANDFILL GAS

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.27

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.00227

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.27 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .00227 = g/bhp-hr

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D) For 275GL/275GL+ engines:

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.19

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.00219

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.19 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .00219 = g/bhp-hr

E) For 12V220GL/18V220GL engines:

g/bhp-hr = g/nm3 @ 5% O2
2.04

g/bhp-hr = mg/nm3 @ 5% O2
0.00204

g/nm3 @ 5% O2 X 2.04 = g/bhp-hr

mg/nm3 @ 5% O2 X .00204 = g/bhp-hr

F) For all engines:

grams X 1.341 bhp = g/kWh

bhp-hr 1 kW

Note: To convert PPMV values into g/bhp-hr units refer to Appendix A. Normal cubic meter conditions are 0°C
(32°F) and 101.325 kPa (29.92 in. Hg.).

*Trademark of General Electric Company. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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