Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental Physiology
Deals with the impact of physical working conditions and sets
optimum requirements
Thermal
Noise
Vibration
Lighting
Human Factor Engineering
Human Factors Engineering
Physical and mental work capacity Industrial design
Fatigue Work place design
Body forces, strength and posture Product design
Body sizes Furniture design
Thermal comfort/ heat stress/cold stress
Machine design
Vision
Ventilation
Hearing
Lighting
Perception
Information processing Acoustics
Decision making Engineering control
Performance and efficiency (Chemical & Physical)
Adaptation and rehabilitation Building orientation
Behavior & social relations Maintenance
Ergonomics
Ergonomics means literally the study or
measurement of Work
In addition to work as labour for monetary gain,
work also includes
Sports
Leisure activities
Domestic work
Education and training
Health and social services
Ergonomics considers human
operators variability
An automobile design has to consider
Range of physical size and strengths of users
Health
Comfort and
Performance
Basic aims of ergonomics
Efficiency in purposeful activity
To achieve desired result without
• Waste
• Error
• Damage to persons
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
-COGNITIVE -ENVIRONMENTAL
-WORK
-WORK
-SOCIAL
ERGONOMICS
ANATOMY
-ANTHROPOMETRY
-BIOMECHANICS
DISCIPLINES IN ERGONOMICS
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
-COGNITIVE -ENVIRONMENTAL
-WORK -WORK
-SOCIAL ERGONOMICS
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
TOXICOLOGY
ANATOMY OPERATIONS
-ANTHROPOMETRY
RESEARCH
ENVRONMENTAL
-BIOMECHANICS
MEDICINE ENGINEERING
DISCIPLINES IN ERGONOMICS
ARTIFICIAL
INTELIGENCE MANUFACTURING
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
-COGNITIVE -ENVIRONMENTAL
-WORK -WORK
-SOCIAL ERGONOMICS
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
TOXICOLOGY
ANATOMY OPERATIONS
-ANTHROPOMETRY
RESEARCH
ENVRONMENTAL
-BIOMECHANICS
MEDICINE ENGINEERING
WORK
SYSTEMS DESIGN ORGANIZATION
ERGONOMICS
PROFESSIONS HAVING
COMPLEMENTARY ROLES WITH
ERGONOMICS
Safety Civil
Occupational Officer Engineer
Health Officer
Mechanical
Industrial Engineer
Nurse ERGONOMICS
Architect
Physiotherapist
Industrial
Ind. Medical
Social Designer
Officer
Psychologist
ERGO-SYSTEMS
Simple ergo-systems
e e
H H M
Complex ergo-systems
e MM e M H
MHM H H H
WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
“Higher productivity and a better place to work”
Macro ergonomics
Suitable working hours , intervals, holidays, leave
Appropriate shift schedules
Welfare facilities
Job rotation and incentives schemes
Fair salary structure, Good administrative structure
Good work organization schemes
Fringe benefits (housing, transport, sports)
Labour union facilities
Training and education
Promotional prospects
Ergonomic needs in a workplace (Contd.)
Safety
Health
Reliability
Job satisfaction
Personal development
The Questions Employers Need Answers
For:
Developing new products
Increasing production capacity
Identifying equipment and labor needs
Identifying costs of manufacturing products
Determining work hours and shift schedules
Defining job productivity and quality standards
Setting compensation levels
Identifying skills for tasks
Structuring tasks into jobs
Increasing the available workforce by reducing problematic tasks
TRADITIONAL AND PRESENT DAY
TOOLS AND MACHINES
Traditional Present Day
Relatively simple Increasingly complex
Made by the user Made by a manufacturer
Small number made Large number made
Design error – small Design error - profound
consequences consequences
Product competitiveness Marketing competitiveness
unimportant vital
Restricted user- population Wide variation in user
characteristics population
HOW CAN ERGONOMICS CONTRIBUTE TO TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRIALLY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Hand Tools
Use hanging tools for operations repeated in the
same place
Lighting
Increased use of daylight
Avoid glare
Some important ergonomic requirements (From ILO Ergonomic Checkpoints)
Premises
Prevent the exposure to excessive heat
Welfare facilities
Work Organization