ERGONOMICS

Indri H Susilowati
OHS Department
Faculty of Public Health
Universitas Indonesia
Email: indri@ui.ac.id
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 Background
 World War II
 design military equipment
 Revolution of Industry
custom made product  mass product

Problems:
Unmatch between products and user
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Why Ergonomics?

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Definition
 Greek : “ERGON” and “NOMOS”
Ergon  work
Nomos  natural law
 Professor Hywell Murrel – 8 July 1949
the scientific study of the relationship between
man and his working environment”
 Human Factor

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Definisi Ergonomi
 ILO
“The application of the human biological
sciences in conjunction with the
engineering sciences to achieve the
optimum mutual adjustment of
man/woman and his/her work, the benefits
being measured intern of human efficiency
and well-being”
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 Definition of Ergonomics
 BCPE, 1993
A body of knowledge about human abilities,
human limitations and human characteristics
that are relevant to design.
Ergonomic design is the application of this
body of knowledge to the design of tools,
machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and
environments for safe, comfortable and
effective human use.
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Definition of Ergonomics
 IEA (International Ergonomics Association)
“ The study of anatomical, physiological, and
psychological aspect of human in working
environment. It is concerned with the efficiency,
health, safety, and comfort of the people at work
at home and at play.
 This generally requires the study of systems in
which humans, machines and environment
interact, with the aim of fitting to the humans”

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System Interactions

Machines/
Human Tools/
Task/Material

Environment

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System Interactions

Human

Machines/
Environment Tools/
Task/Material

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System Interactions

Peralatan/
mesin
Manusia
kejar
Lingkungan

HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN

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 System Interactions

Focus to the human

The principles of user centered design
If an object, a system or an environment is
intended for human use, then its design should
be based upon the physical and mental
characteristics of its human users
Human capability, characteristic,
and limitation which different for each person
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 Demand < Human Capacity

Demand
• metabolic level, force, moments, load,
work posture, etc.
Human Capacity
• strength, tissue tolerance, aerobic
capacity, anthropometry, reach, etc

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The Objectives of Ergonomics
 To enhance the effectiveness with which
work and other human activities are carried
out
 To maintain or enhance certain desirable
human values in the process, health, safety,
satisfaction, etc.

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The Twin Aims of Ergonomics

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BENEFITS
Comfort

Ergonomi

Efficiency
Well-being • Physical
• Mental
• Production

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Ergonomic as Science
Physiology Toxicology Anatomy
Management
Biomechanics
Engineering

Design

Ergonomics Environmental
sciences
Economy

Computer sciences
Occupational health & safety
Sociology Psychology

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 Development of ergonomics
 Military Ergonomics 1950s
 Industrial Ergonomics 1960s
 Consumer Ergonomics 1970s
 Computer Ergonomics 1980s
 Information Ergonomics 1990s
 Leisure Ergonomics 2000s
 Space Ergonomics 2010s

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Development of ergonomics

1. Physical Ergonomics
(human – machine interface technology)
 Anthropometry
 Biomechanics
2. Cognitive Ergonomics
(user – interface technology)
3. Macro Ergonomics
(human – organization – environment – machine
interface technology)

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 The Technology of Ergonomics
 Micro ergonomics
1. Human-Machine: Hardware ergonomics
2. Human-Environment: Environmental ergonomics
3. Human-Software: Cognitive ergonomics
4. Human-Job: Work Design ergonomics

 Macro ergonomics (Hendrick & Kleiner

2002):
1. Human-Work-System
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