AC1 408.

3-01/
408.3R-O1

Splice and Development Length of High Relative

Rib Area Reinforcing Bars in Tension (408.3-01)
and Commentary (408.3R-01)
Reported by AC1 Committee 408
David Darwin Adolfo B. Matamoros
Chairman Secretary

John H. Allen Steven L. McCabe

Atorod Azizinamini Anthony L. Felder John F. McDermott
Gyorgy L. Balazs Robert J. Frosch Denis Mitchell
Joann P. Browning Bila1 S. Hamad Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou
James V. Cox Neil M.Hawkins Max L.Porter
Richard A.Devries Roberto T. Leon Julio A. Ramirez
Rolf Eligehausen Leroy A. Lutz Telvin Rezansoff
Fernando E. Fagundo Jun Zu0

Originally prepared by TTTC Subcommittee ITG-2

Richard N. White
Chairman
David P. Gustafson Leroy A. Lutz
Roberto T. Leon Jack P. Moehle
Non-ITG-2 voting members:
Jacob S. Grossman S. Ali Mirza
John C.McDermott

í%is standardwascreated to helpdesignerstakeadvantageof the Keywords: bar ribs; bond; development length; high relative rib area;
improved bond characteristics ofhigh relative rib area deformed reinforce- reinforcing bars; splice length.
ment. í%is @pe of reinforcement can be produced by increasing rib height,
decreasing rib spacing, or employing a combination of the w o .
í%is standard is intended to be a more eficient means of providing a
CONTENTS
development andsplice length expressionfor the high relative rib area bars
than altering the current ACI 318-99 Chapter I 2 provisions to accommo- 1.O-Notation, p. 408.3-2
date bars that arenotyet in commercial production.

AC1 Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and 2.0-Definition, p. 408.3-2

Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, de-
signing, executing, and inspecting construction.The Com-
mentary is intended for the use of individuals who are
competent to evaluate the significance and limitations
of its contentand recommendations and who will accept
responsibility for the application of the material it con-
tains. The American Concrete Institute dmlaims any and
all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall
not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.
Reference to the Commentary shall not be made in con-
tract documents. If items found in this document are de-
sired by the Architect/Engineer to bea part of the contract
documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language
for incomoration bv the Architect/Engineer.
3.0-Scope, p. 408.3-2
4.0-Development of high relative rib area
reinforcing bars in tension, p. 408.3-2
5.0-Splices of high relative rib area reinforcing
bars in tension, p. 408.3-3
AC1 Committee 408 adopted AC1 T2-01 (unpublished) as AC1 408.3-01 on April
23, 2001. AC1 T2-01 superseded provisional standard AC1 ITG-2-98 and became
effective March 9, 2001.
Copyright O 2001, American Concrete Institute.
All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any
means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or
mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-
tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in
writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

408.3-1
COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)
Licensed by Information Handling Services
 408.3-2 AC1
COMMENTARY
STANDARD AND

Commentary, p. 408.3-3 Use of X-patterns and diamond patterns for ribs is not per-
mitted;
Appendix A-Recommended supplement to ASTMA 3.1.3 The rib spacing is at least 0.44 of the nominal di-
615/A 615M for high relative rib area bars, p. 408.3-6 ameter db of the reinforcing bar;
3.1.4 The average rib width is less than or equal to one-
1.O-Notation
third of the average rib spacing.
A, area of nonprestressed tension reinforcement, in.2 3.1.5 The bar size does not exceed No. 11.
Atr total cross-sectional area of all transverse rein-
forcement that is within the spacing s and crosses 4.0-Development of high relativerib area
the potential plane of splitting through the rein- reinforcing barsin tension
forcement being developed, in.2 4.1-Development length e,, in terms of diameter db for
C Cmin + 0.5 db, in. bars in tension shall be determined from 4.2, but ed shall not
cb cover of reinforcement being developed, mea- be less than 12 in.
sured to tension face of member, in. 4.2-The development length of high relative rib area re-
maximum value of c, or cb, in. inforcing bars in tension ed divided by the bar diameter db
minimum value of c, or cb, in. shall be taken as
minimum value of cSi+ 0.25 in. or c,,, in.
one-half of average spacing between bars or splices
in a single layer, in.
Cs0 side cover of reinforcing bars, in.
CR relative rib factor as defiied by Eq. (4.4)
db nominal bar dameter, in.
f’, specified compressive strength of concrete, psi in which the term (cm+ Ktr)/dbshall not be taken greater 4.than
f fourth root off’=, expressed in psi units
f,t average splitting tensile strength of lightweight The value off 2 1’4 shall not exceed 11.O.
aggregate concrete, psi The value of& shall not exceed 80 ksi.
yield strength of reinforcement being spliced or The variable (u shall be taken as 1.O or evaluated as
developed, psi
Ktr transverse reinforcement index for high relative
‘ma,
rib area bars as defined by Eq. (4.3) (u = 0.1 -+ 0.9 5 1.25 (44
development length, in. ‘min
splice length, in.
number of bars being developed or spliced along The variable Kt,. shall be evaluated as
plane of splitting
relative rib area, ratio of projected rib area normal
to bar axis to product of nominal bar perimeter
and average center-to-center rib spacing
S maximum center-to-center spacing of transverse
where
reinforcement within or e,, in.
a reinforcement location factor; see 4.3
CR = 44 + 330(R, O. 10)
ß coating factor; see 4.3 ~

h lightweight aggregate concrete factor; see 4.3

(u factor reflecting benefit of large cover/spacing with
perpendicular to controlling cover/spacing as de-
fined by Eq. (4.2) 0.10 5 R,.< 0.14

2.0-Definition
High Relative Rib Area Bars-Deformed reinforcing bars
with a relative rib area R,. equal to O. 10 or larger.
3.0-Scope
3.1-Evaluation of splice and development lengths of
coated and uncoated reinforcing bars in tension having a
high relative rib area, provided that:
3.1.1 The relative rib area is at least 0.10, but no larger
than 0.14;
3.1.2 The ribs are at an angle of 45 to 65 degrees inclu-
sive with respect to the axis of the bar. Ribs shall not cross.
Alternatively, it shall be permitted to take Kt,. = O.
4.3-The factors used in the expressions for development
of high relative rib area bars in tension are as follows:
a = reinforcement location factor
Horizontal reinforcement so placed that more
than 12 in. of fresh concrete is cast in the
member below the development length
or splice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3
Other reinforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.O
ß = coating factor
All epoxy-coated bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2

COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 SPLICE AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF REINFORCING BARS IN TENSION 408.3-3

iShearing area, XdbSr

R, =
Bearing area % h.
Shearing area S,

h
(Actual R, values range from 0.8 to 0.9 i :)

Fig. R2. &Definition of R,.

Uncoated reinforcement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.O Average Rib Width

h = lightweight aggregate concrete factor
When lightweight aggregate concrete is used . . 1.3
However, whenf,, is specified, h shall be
permitted to be taken as 6 . 7 E / f c , but not
less than . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.O
When normalweight concrete is used. . . . . . . . . . . 1.O
4.4 Excess reinforcement-Reduction in development
length shall be permitted where reinforcement in a flexural
member is in excess of that required by analysis except
where anchorage or development for & is specifically re-
quired or the reinforcement is designed under provisions of
21.2.1.4 of AC1 3 18-99(A, required)@, provided).
Fig. R3.I-Dejnition of average ribwidth.
5.0-Splices of high relativerib area reinforcing
bars in tension COMMENTARY
5.1-Minimum length of lap for tension lap splices shall R2.0-This standard is provided to help designers take ad-
be as required for Class A or B splices, but not less than 12 vantage of high relative rib area on the tension splice and de-
in., where: velopment length of reinforcing bars. It includes an
Class A splice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.O ed expression for development and splicelength applicable only
Class B splice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3 ed for high relative rib area bars. Inasmuch as high relative rib
where ed is the tensile development length for the specified area bars have onlybeen evaluated as straight bars in tension,
yield strength& in accordance with 4.2 without the modifi- the integrity of high relative rib area bars in compression or
cation factor of 4.4. as hookedbars in tension should be evaluated using appropri-
5.2-Lap splices of high relative rib deformed bars in ten- ate Chapter 12 provisions of AC1 3 18-99.
sion shall be Class B splices except that Class A splices shall The relative rib area is expressed as
be allowed when the criteria of 5.2.1 or 5.2.2 are met:
5.2.1 When the splice length is confined with transverse
R, = -
Ar
reinforcement at two or more locations with a spacing not
greater than 10 in., providmg a Ktrldbof at least 0.5; 7CdbSr

5.2.2 With no transverse reinforcement or with trans-

verse reinforcement less than that of 5.2.1, when: a) the area where
of reinforcement provided is at least twice that required by A, = projected rib area normal to reinforcing bar axis, in.2
analysis over the entire length of the splice; and b) no more S, = average center-to-center rib spacing, in.
than one-half of the total reinforcement is spliced within the The variablesA, and S, are illustratedin Fig. R2.0. The figure
required lap length. includes expressions for the approximate values of A , and R,.
5.3-Tension lap splices shall not be used for high relative To use this standard, the ASTM A 6 15/A 6 15M specification
rib area bars larger than No. 1l . for billet-steel reinforcing bars should have the supplementary

COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 408.3-4 AC1 STANDARD AND COMMENTARY

25
20
Mean = 1.137
Class 15
COV=O.O91
Frequency 1O
5
O
0.95- 1.00- 1.05- 1.10- 1.15- 1.20- 1.25- 1.30- 1.35-
>1.40
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00 1.20 1.25 1.40
1.35
1.30

TestRrediction Ratio
Fig. R4.2.I-Histogrum of testhrediction ratiofor all uncoated highR,burs (No. 5, 8, und 11
burs).
" ...... , ..,,....,.... ....................... . ... " . ................
" . ." .. ."....
Total Tests = 32
6 Mean= 1.135
Class
4 COV = 0.090
Frequency
2
O
0.95- 1.00-
1.05-
1.10-
1.15- 1.20- 1.25-
1.30-
1.35-
1.00 1.05 1.10 1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15 1.40
Testmrediction Ratio
Fig. R4.2.2-Histogram of testhrediction ratiofor all coated high R, burs (No. 5, 8, und 11
burs).

Table R4.2.1-Database size for bottom-cast ommended supplement to ASTM A 615 dueto possible
uncoated bars presence of rounded corners on the ribs. The reinforcing bars

H Bar pattern
Conventional
High R,.
No. of specimens
f: i6000 psi f: 2 6000 psi

requirements imposed by the Recommended Supplement to

used in the experimental studies (Darwin and Graham 1993;
Darwin et al. 1996a; Zu0 and Darwin 1998) leading up to
this standard were either machined or special rolled; both bar
types had ribs with flat upper faces. Therefore, the support-
ing research results are based on the actual width
face.
of the upper

ASTM A 61 5lA 61 5M for High Relative Area Bars that is ap-
pended to this document. With modifications to the section
reference numbers, this supplement can be adapted for use
with the ASTM A 706lA 706M specification for low-alloy
steel reinforcing bars.
R3.1-A high relative rib area bar is defied as a rein-
forcing bar with R, greater than or equal to O. 10, as conven-
tionally deformed reinforcement has relative rib areas of
0.06 to 0.085. Based on available experimental results, the
use of these provisions is limited to reinforcing bars with a
maximum R, = O. 14. Furthermore, consistent with the small-
est spacing used in tests, the rib spacing s, shall not be less
than 44% of the nominal bar diameter, as indicated in 3.1.3.
A lower limit on width of the concrete between ribs is indi-
rectly prescribed in 3.1.4to avoid having a reduction in bond
capacity due to a local shear failure of the concrete between
the ribs. The variables in 3.1.4 are illustrated in Fig. R3. l .
For calculating the average rib width, the width at 0.75 of the
rib height, as illustrated in Fig. R3.1, was chosen in the rec-
Reinforcing barswith X and diamond deformation patterns
are excludedfrom this standard because their bond properties
are markedly lower than bars with parallel ribs. Earlier bond
strength tests on X pattern No. 6 and 11 epoxy-coated bars
(Treece and Jirsa 1989) gave the lowest bond strengths re-
ported in the literature, even though the bars had relative rib
areas of 0.099 and 0.110, respectively. These bond values
were significantly lower than values measured on epoxy-
coated bars with parallel ribs and lower relative rib areas.
Also, X pattern bars are not allowed in the Canadian Code
(CSA 1992) because Canadian bond pullout tests on X pat-
tern bars gave significantly lower strengths than did parallel
rib bars. In addition to the bond strength issue, the NCHRP
study (Helgason et al. 1976) indicated that X pattern bars
have lower fatigue life than bars with other types of deforma-
tion patterns; three unpublished studies done in the 1970s by
John McDermott corroborate this fiidmg.
The bamboo pattern for ribs (ribs oriented at 90 degrees to the
bar axis) are also excluded by the angle restrictions adoptedin

COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 SPLICE AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF REINFORCING BARS IN TENSION 408.3-5

this standard because of problems associated with the bendmg establishes the maximum allowable stress range as a fùnction of
of conventionally deformed bars with this rib orientation. r/h and the minimum stress. As with conventional bars, that ex-
No. 1 1 bars were the largesthigh relative ribarea bars used pression should be applied when fatigue is of concern.
in the experimental program forming the basisfor these new High relative rib area bars have thus far exhibited no prob-
provisions. Thus, these provisions are not intended to be used lems when subjected to standard bend tests at the producing
for No. 14 and No. 18 reinforcing bars. mills or in fabrication tests in the research used to develop this
R4.2-Equation (4.1) represents the beneficial effect of the standard.
high relative rib reinforcing bars wellasas the influence of oth- No modfier factors are includedin this standard for bundled
er pertinent variables (Darwin and Graham 1993; Darwin et al.bars in tension. Although no testing has been conducted for high
1996a,b). Equation(4.1) was derived by statistical analysisof relative rib area bars in bundles, there is no to believe
reason that
experimental data and does not represent a mechanistic model the length modfiers for bundled barsin 12.4 ofAC1 3 18-99 are
for bond behavior. Thus, it should not be extended to cases oth- not just as appropriate for use with high relative rib areaas bars
er than those explicitly covered in these provisions. The rela- with the conventionally deformed reinforcing bars.
tive rib area R, would be fixed at a specified value for the R4.3-The presence of the higher ribs, and specifically ribs
reinforcement being used. with a larger relative rib area, and the elimination of rib patterns
Table R4.2.1 indicates the size of the database used in de- with poor bond properties produces a beneficial effect on the
veloping the provisions in 4.2 for high relative rib area bars bond of epoxy-coated bars (Choiet al. 1991). The epoxy coat-
in normal- and high-strength concrete, as well as the current ing thickness has less impacton the bearing area with high rib
size of the database for conventionally deformed bars. bars. The resulting reduced bearing stress decreases dffer-
the
Fig. R4.2.1 summarizes the development length test re- ence between the behavior of uncoated and coated reinforcing
sults for the uncoated high R, bars using a histogram of test/ bars, which leads to use of a 1.2 factor for all situations.
prediction ratio. A similar histogram of the test results for The use of high ribs has little on effect
the ratio of the embed-
coated high R, bars is given in Fig. R4.2.2. ment length for top-cast bars
to the embedment length for bot-
Use of thefourth root of the concrete strength is limited to tom-cast bars. With this information, it was felt there was no
11.O because testing at strengths in excess of 14,000 psi is basis for changing the 1.3 top bar factor.
very limited. The yield strength is limited to 80ksi inasmuch R5.GAnalyses oftestdata(Orangun,Jirsa,andBreen
as the maximum bar stress in tests was 8 1ksi. 1977; Darwin et al. 1996b) have concluded that the splice length
The upper limiton the confmement parameter(cm + Ktr)/db and the development length can bepredxted by the same ex-
of 4is specified because higher values of the parameter corre-pression when conditions are the same. Therefore, there is tech-
spond to pullout failures, which occur atlengths correspond- nically no need to have Class B splices. However, Class B
ing to Eq. (4.1) with the confinement parameter at a value of splices have been retained for consistency with current practice.
4. No specific limit is placed on the concrete or the trans- In this document, Class A splices can be used in all situations
verse reinforcement terms in the parameter. except thosewithhigh stress [that is, not meeting 5.2.2(a)], little
The Kt, parameter includes the influenceof the high relative or no staggering of splices and little or no confinement from
rib properties as well as the amount of transverse reinforce- transverse reinforcement where Class B splices are indxated.
ment confiing the developing bar. The yield strength of the With adequate transverse reinforcement, there is a morepredxt-
transverse reinforcement is not present in the Kt, parameter able and a more ductile failure mode that permits the use of
because it has been found that the transverse reinforcement Class A splice lengths.
seldom reaches the yield value when confining the develop- R5.3-This restriction is identical toSection 12.14.2.1 in
ing bar. AC1 3 18-99 for tension lap splices of conventionally deformed
The parametero)typically reflects the benefitofwide spacing reinforcing bars.
when the cover to the tension facecb dxtates the value ofc. It
can, however, also reflect the benefit of large cover when COMMENTARY REFERENCES
AASHTO Subcommitteeon Bridges and Structures, 1996,Standard Spec@
close spacing dictates the value of c. cations for Highway Bridges, 16th Edition, American Association of State
Evaluations of crack width and crack spacing outside the Highway and TransportationOfficials, Washington,D.C., 676 pp.
splice region have indicated no measurable dfference be- ASTM A 615lA 615M-94, Standard Speclficationfor Deformed and Plain
Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, American Society for Testing
tween conventional and high relative rib area bars. As com- Materials, West Conshohocken,Pa.
pared with conventionally deformed bars, coated high ASTM A 706lA 706M-92b, Standard Speclfication for Low-Alloy Steel
relative rib area bars typically produce fewer cracks with Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement, American Society for Testing
larger crack width than uncoated bars. Materials, West Conshohocken,Pa.
Choi, O. C.; Hadje-GMari, H.;Darwin, D.; andMcCabe,S., 1991, “Bond
Studies at PCA (Helgason et al. 1976) established that the of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement: Bar Parameters,” ACZMaterials Journal, V.
principal geometric variable in the fatigue life of reinforcing SS, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 207-217.
bars is the ratioof the radius at the baseof a deformation r to CSA,1992, Billet-SteelBars for ConcreteReinforcement, (CANICSA-
its height h. The absolute values of ribheight and ribspacing G30.1S-M92), Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario,
were not found to be critical parameters. The results of the 1 s PP.
Darwin, D., and Graham, E. K., 1993, “Effect of Deformation Height
work by Helgason et al. (1976)are incorporated in the and Spacing on Bond Strength of Reinforcing Bars,” ACZ Structural
AASHTO Bridge Specifications (1996) in an expression that Journal, V. 90, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 646-657.

COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)

Licensed by Information Handling Services
 408.3-6 AC1
COMMENTARY
STANDARD AND
Darwin, D.; Tholen, M. L.; Idun, E. K.; and Zuo, J., 1996a, “Splice
Strength of High Relative Rib Area Reinforcing Bars,” ACZ Structural
Journal, V. 93, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 95-107.
Darwin, D.; Zuo, J.; Tholen, M. L.; and Idun, E. K., 1996b, “Develop-
ment Length Criteria for Conventional and High Relative Area Reinforc-
ing Bars,”ACZStructural Journal,V. 93, No. 3, May-June, pp. 347-359.
Helgason, T.; Hanson,J. M.; Somes,N. F.; Corely, W. G.; and Hognes-
tad,E.,1976, “FatigueStrengthofHighYieldReinforcingBars,”
NCHRP Report No. 164, Transportation Research Board, Washington,
D.C., 90 pp.
Orangun, C. O.; Jirsa, J. O.; and Breen,J. E., 1977, “Re-Evaluation of Test
Data on Development Length and Splices,” AC1 J O ~ A Proceedings
L, V. 74,
No. 3, Mar., pp.114-122.
Treece, R. A.,and Jirsa,J. O., 1989, “BondSkength of Epoxy-Coated Rein-
forcing Bars,”ACZMaterials Journul,V. 86, No. 2. Mar.-Apr.,pp. 167-184.
Zuo, J., and Darwln, D., 1998, “Bond Strength of High Relative Rib Area
Reinforcing Bars,” SM Report No. 46, UniversityofKansasCenterfor
Research, Inc., Lawrence, Kans., Jan., 350 pp.
CODES CITEDIN STANDARD
AC1 Committee 318, 1999. “BuildingCodeRequirementsforStructural
Concrete (AC1 318-99) and Commentary(318R-99),”AmericanConcrete
Institute, FarmingtonHills, Mich.,391 pp.
APPENDIX A-RECOMMENDED SUPPLEMENT
TO ASTM A 615/A 615M FOR HIGH RELATIVE RIB
AREA BARS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply
only when specified in the purchase order or contract.
S.l-Requirements for deformations
S.1.1-The deformations on high relative rib area bars
shall meet all requirements in Section 7.
S.1.2-In addtion, the relative rib area (as defied in
S.2.1) shall meet the requirements and limitations of 3.1 of
the standard.’
S.2-Relative rib area
S.2.1-The relative rib area R, is defied in 2.0 and R2.0
of the provisional standard.
l . The value of R, should be specified by the purchaser.
S.2.2-For bars that meet the requirements of S.2.1, it
shall be permitted to calculate R, using Eq. (S-1).
where
h, = average heightofdeformations(measured
according to S.2.3), in. or mm
Sr = average spacingofdeformations,in. or mm
COPYRIGHT ACI International (American Concrete Institute)
Licensed by Information Handling Services
cgapssum of the gaps between ends of deformations
=
as defined in Section 7.4, plus the width of any
continuous longitudinal lines used to represent
the grade of the bar, multiplied by the ratio of
the height of the line to h,, in. or mm
Y = nominal perimeter of the bar, in. [Table l(a)]or
mm [Table l(b)]
S.2.3-The average height of deformations shall be deter-
mined from measurements made on not less than twotypical
deformations on each side of the bar. Determinations shall be
based on five measurements per deformation, one at the cen-
ter of theoverall length, two at theends of theoverall length,
and twolocated halfway between the center and the ends. The
measurements at the ends of the overall length shall be aver-
aged to obtain a single value and thatvalue shall be combined
with the other three measurements to obtain the average rib
height h,. Deformation height shall be measured using a
depth gage with a knife edge support thatspans not more than
two adjacentribs. Alternatively, it shall be permitted to use a
knife edge that spans more than two adjacent ribs, in which
case the average rib height shall be multiplied by 0.95 prior
to use in Eq. (S-1).
S.2.4-The averagerib width shallbedetermined from
measurements madeon not less than two typical deformations
on each side of the bar. Determinations shall be based on three
measurements per deformation, one at the center and one at
each end. The measurements shall be taken at three-quarters of
the rib height at each location. The average of the measure-
ments at the ends shall be averagedwith the center measure-
ment to obtain a value for the one side of the deformation.
Note S.2-A knife edge is required to allow measurements
to be madeat the ends of the overall lengthof deformations,
usually adjacent to a longitudinal rib. The calculation of hT
is based on a knife edge that spans only two ribs because
measurements made with a longer knife edge result in unre-
alistically high average rib heights and an overestimate of
the relative rib areafor some bars. When a longer knife edge
is used, hTshall be reduced by5%.
S.3-Type of steel
S.3.1-All bars produced to these supplementary require-
ments shall beidentifed by the letterH, in place of the letter
S
specified in 20.3.3, indxating that the bar was produced to meet
both the specification and these supplementary requirements.
S.4-References
l . AC1 Committee 408, 2001, “Splice and Development Length of High
Relative Rib Area Reinforcing Bars in Tension(AC1 408.3-01) and Com-
mentary(408.3R-01),”AmericanConcreteInstitute,FarmingtonHills,
Mich., 6 pp.