DESIGN OF HEAD

• Refer to ASME BPVC Sec.VIII Div.1 2017 edition UG-32, UG-34 and MA 1-4
• Equation : In paragraph UG-28, UG-32, and MA 1-4
• Type of heads: Ellipsoidal, Torispherical, Hemispherical, Conical, Toriconical, Flat
• Illustration : Figure 1-4, Figure UG-34
DESIGN OF HEAD
• Refer to ASME BPVC Sec.VIII Div.1 2017 edition UG-32, UG-34 and MA 1-4
• Equation : In paragraph UG-28, UG-32, and MA 1-4
• Type of heads: Ellipsoidal, Torispherical, Hemispherical, Conical, Toriconical, Flat
• Illustration : Figure 1-4, Figure UG-34
 Symbol Defined
D : inside diameter of the head skirt (mm)
Di : inside diameter of conical portion (mm)
E : lowest joint efficiency
h : inside depth of the ellipsoidal head (mm)
K : factor of ellipsoidal head
L : inside spherical or crown radius (mm)
Lo : outside spherical or crown radius (mm)
L/r : ratio of inside crown radius to inside knuckle radius
M : factor of torispherical head, head proportion L/r
P : internal design pressure (MPa)
r : inside knuckle radius (r)
S : allowable stress (MPa)
t : minimum required thickness of head after forming (mm)
ts : minimum specified thickness of head after forming (mm)
α : apex angle (deg)
Characteristic of Formed Head
Description Ellipsoidal Torispherical Hemispherical Conical Toriconical

Inside radius/angle L=0.9D L<=D L=0.5D α<=300 L=Di/2.cosα

α<=300
Inside Knuckle Radius 0.17D >=0.06L and >=0.06Do and
(r) >=3t(head) >=3t(head)
Other H=0.25D No have knuckle radius Have knuckle radius

Pressure rating Moderate pressure Moderate pressure High pressure, the Moderate pressure Moderate pressure
strongest of head
Application Common vessel Common vessel High pressure storage Process chemical Process chemical

Meanwhile, non-formed head or flat head is used for low pressure vessel or the weakest of head
Requirements and Formula of Formed Head
Description Ellipsoidal Torispherical Hemispherical Conical Toriconical

Equation UG-32 As per conical head,

using Di in place od D
Requirement UG-32 ts/L>=0.002 ts/L>=0.002 ts<=0.365L, α<=300 α<=300
P<=0.665SE
Equation MA 1-4
Study Case
Determine nominal thickness of various head with following requirements:
- Material SA 516 Gr.70
- Design internal pressure 1.2 MPa
- Design temperature 150 degC
- Inside diameter of shell 500 mm
- Case 1 Corrosion allowance = 0 and joint efficiency = 1
- Case 2 Corrosion allowance and joint efficiency shall be determined
Case 1
Determine nominal thickness of various head with following requirements:
- Material SA 516 Gr.70
- Design internal pressure 1.2 MPa
- Design temperature 150 degC
- Inside diameter of shell 500 mm
 Case 1
Description Unit Ellipsoidal Remarks Torispherical Remarks Hemispherical Remarks Conical Remarks Toriconical Remarks
P MPa 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 Input
D mm 500 500 500 500 500 Calculated
Di 492 Assumed
Do mm 506 509 503 506 506 not required
E 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
S MPa 138 138 138 138 138
L mm 450 0,9D 450 0,9D 250 0,5D 284
r mm 85 0,17D 27 0,06D 30 0,06Do
α deg 30 30
t mm 2,1758 3,4661 1,0879 2,5178 2,4768
t mm 2,1873 knuckle only
tn mm 3,0 4,5 1,5 3,0 3,0
ts mm 2,5200 3,7800 1,2600 2,5200 2,5200
ts>t mm Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
ts/L mm 0,0056 ≥0,002 0,0084 ≥0,002 0,0050 <0,356
P/SE 0,0087 <0,665
r/ts 178,6 ≥3 119,0 ≥3 198,4 - 112,7 ≥3
 Thank You
For Watching
☺ To be continued...
Case 2
DESIGN OF HEAD
• Refer to ASME BPVC Sec.VIII Div.1 2017 edition UG-32, UG-34 and MA 1-4
• Equation : In paragraph UG-28, UG-32, and MA 1-4
• Type of heads: Ellipsoidal, Torispherical, Hemispherical, Conical, Toriconical, Flat
• Illustration : Figure 1-4, Figure UG-34
Study Case
Determine nominal thickness of various head with following requirements:
- Material SA 516 Gr.70
- Design internal pressure 1.2 MPa
- Design temperature 150 degC
- Inside diameter of shell 500 mm
- Case 1 Corrosion allowance = 0 and joint efficiency = 1
- Case 2 Corrosion allowance and joint efficiency shall be determined
Head Factor
Ellipsoidal Head (K)

Torispherical Head
Case 2
Determine nominal thickness of various head with following requirements:
- Material SA 516 Gr.70
- Design internal pressure 1.2 MPa
- Design temperature 150 degC
- Inside diameter of shell 500 mm
 Case 2
Description Unit Ellipsoidal Remark Torispherical Remark Hemispherical Remark Conical Remark Toriconical Remark
P MPa 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,20 Input
CA mm 3 3 3 3 3 Calculated
D mm 500 500 500 500 500 Assumed
Dcor mm 506 506 506 506 506
h,Di mm 125 0,25D 491
hcor,Dicor mm 128 497
head factor (K,M,α) -,-,deg 1,0000 1,7706 30 α 30 α
head factor (K,M)cor 0,9845 1,7260 1,4917
Do mm 516 520 512 516 516
E 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70
S MPa 138 138 138 138 138
L mm 450 0,9D 500 assumed 250 0,5D 296
Lcor mm 453 503 253 299
r mm 85 0,17D 30 0,06D 31 0,06Do
rcor mm 88 33 34
t mm 6,0979 8,3992 4,5734 6,6447 6,5792
t mm 5,7731
tn mm 8 10 6 8 8
ts mm 6,9000 8,7000 5,1000 6,9000 6,9000
ts>t mm Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
ts/L mm 0,0152 ≥0,002 0,0173 ≥0,002 0,0202 <0,356
P/SE 0,0124 <0,665
r/ts 12,3 ≥3 3,4 ≥3 - - 4,5 ≥3
Design of non-Formed Head
• Refer to ASME BPVC Sec.VIII Div.1 2017 edition UG-34
• Equation : In paragraph UG-34
• Type of heads: heads, covers, blind flanges
• Type of joints : welded, bolting, threaded
• Illustration : Figure UG-34
 Thank You
For Watching
☺
To be continued...