Sum and Difference

Identities
 Objective
To use the sum and
difference identities for
the sine, cosine, and
tangent functions
Page 1008
Sum and Difference Identities for the Cos Function
cos (Α + Β ) = cos Α cos Β – sin Α sin Β
cos (Α – Β ) = cos Α cos Β + sin Α sin Β
Sum and Difference Identities for the Sin Function
sin (Α + Β ) = sin Α cos Β + cos Α sin Β
sin (Α – Β ) = sin Α cos Β – cos Α sin Β
Sum and Difference Identities for the Tan Function
tan (Α + Β ) = tan Α + tan Β
1 - tan Α tan Β
tan Α – tan Β
tan (Α – Β ) =
1 + tan Α tan Β
Find cos 15°
cos 15° = cos (45° - 30°)
= cos 45° cos 30° + sin 45° sin 30°
= √2 ∙ √3 +
√2 ∙
1
2 2 2 2
√6 √2
= +
4 4
√6 + √2
=
4
Find sin 15°
sin 15° = sin (45° - 30°)
= sin 45° sin 30° - cos 45° sin 30°
= √2 ∙ √3 - √2 ∙ 1
2 2 2 2
= √6 - √2
4 4
= √6 - √2
4
Find tan 105°
tan 105° = tan ( 60° + 45°)

= tan 60° + tan 45°

1 – tan 60° tan 45°

= √3 + 1
1 - √3 ∙ 1

= √3 + 1 ∙ 1 + √3
1 - √3 1 + √3

= -2 - √3
 Prove the identity :

cos ( x- ) = - cos x

cos x cos + sin x sin =

(-1 ) cos x + (0) sin x =

- cos x = - cos x
Find tan ( A+B ) if sin A = -7/25 with 180º < A < 270º
and if cos B = 8/17 with 0º < B < 180º

Step 1 :
Find tan A and tan B
Use reference angles and the ratio definitions sin A = y/r
and cos B = x/r .

In quadrant 3 : 180º < A x

< 270º and sin A = -7/25 A
Y = -7
x² + (-7)² = 25² R = 25

x = - √625 - 49
= -24
Thus, tan A = y/x = 7/24
In quadrant 1: 0º < B < 180º and
cos B = 8/17

8² + y² = 17² R=17
Y
Y = √289 - 64
= 15 B

Thus, tan B = y/x = 15/8 X=8

Step 2 : Use the angle-sum identify to
find tan( A + B ).
tan Α + tan Β
Tan( A + B ) =
1 - tan Α tan Β
7 + 15
= 24 8
1- (7/24)(15/8)

= 416/87
 Using a Rotation Matrix
If P(x , y) is any point in a plane, then the
coordinates P’(x’ , y’) of the image after a
rotation of Ɵ degrees counterclockwise
about the origin can be found by using
the rotation matrix:

Cos ɵ -Sin X X’
ɵ =
Y Y’
Sin ɵ Cos ɵ