Study and application of multi-pulse

composite perforation technology

Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2066, 020062 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089104
Published Online: 29 January 2019

Shan Cai

AIP Conference Proceedings 2066, 020062 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089104 2066, 020062

© 2019 Author(s).
Study and Application of Multi-Pulse Composite Perforation
Technology
Shan Cai1, a)
1
Well Testing & Perforating Company of Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd, Daqing 163000, China.
a)
Corresponding author email: zhangyue3655@163.com

Abstract. The conventional compound perforation cannot meet the development of high-water content, low permeability
and heavy oil field. A multi-pulse compound perforation device is developed, which is a high temperature and high-pressure
gas produced by two or more different burning rate compound propellant combustion, which is directly applied to the pore
through the optimized pressure relief pore structure, and the perforation channel is repeatedly used as a work seam, A new
type of perforating device for deep fracturing of strata is obtained by the longer pressure action time. The perforation of
the perforating device can effectively improve the production capacity of medium and low permeable reservoir wells.

Key words: Compound; Multiple-Pulse; Different.

INTRODUCTION
The composite perforator is a new perforating device born in the 1990s. After more than 10 years of technical
improvement and development, it has been widely used in oil fields. The utility model is characterized in that the
perforating projectile and the gunpowder are organically combined, and the work is performed step by step in a
downhole, and the high-energy gas is controlled by a special pressure-relieving mode to achieve the double action of
perforating and high-energy gas fracturing. In recent years, through in-depth research, on the basis of traditional
composite perforation, a multi-pulse composite perforator for simultaneous drug delivery inside and outside the elastic
frame has been developed. Through theoretical calculation and field test, the perforation can be used to extend the
pair. During the work time of the stratum, the stratum will be used for multiple times to build the seam and improve
the productivity of the oil well [1].

PRINCIPLE AND DESIGN OF MULTI-PULSE COMPOSITE PERFORATOR

Technical Principles
The multi-pulse composite perforator is equipped with high-burning speed gunpowder in the elastic frame, and the
medium-speed burning gunpowder is mounted on the outer frame. The perforating bomb first ignites the high-burning
speed gunpowder between the bombs, and then ignites the low-burning speed gunpowder outside the bullet. Due to
the burning speed difference between the two gunpowder’s, the ultra-high pressure caused by the pressure
superposition is avoided. It can generate two peaks of gunpowder and carry out multiple loading and seaming on the
stratum, effectively increasing the productivity of the well [2].

4th International Conference on Energy Science and Applied Technology (ESAT 2018)
AIP Conf. Proc. 2066, 020062-1–020062-7; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089104
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-1794-6/$30.00

020062-1
 Technical Characteristics
(1) It is not necessary to change the traditional elastic frame fixing method, and it can be directly assembled with
it;
(2) does not affect the penetration performance of the perforator, including the hole density and phase angle;
(3) It can be easily installed without special installation process, which is basically the same as the conventional
composite perforating gun installation process;
(4) One-piece structure, the gunpowder tablet is protected by a plastic shell, and the assembly process will not
cause damage and danger to the tablet;
(5) It adopts two types of unit type or integral type, which is directly positioned by the perforating bullet port,
which is firm and reliable, and does not have to worry about the falling off of a certain part;
(6) In the case of an increase in the amount of gunpowder, the phenomenon of the bomb and the gun will not be
caused. The gunpowder of different burning speeds can be loaded with multiple times on the ground.

Perforating Gun Design

(1) Design of the pressure relief hole of the gun body
Redesigned by designing the orifice aperture and position. The direction of the jet is at an angle of (0 degree) with
the pressure relief hole, and the discharge area of the pressure relief hole is increased, and the gas discharge rate is
increased. The position of the pressure relief hole is opposite to the perforation hole, without pressure loss. Directly
work on the stratum; and the blind hole structure of the perforator adopts the inner blind hole, which can effectively
improve the perforation height and improve the perforation effect; through theoretical calculation and numerical
analysis, compared with the traditional pressure relief hole structure, the gas discharge rate It has increased by 21%,
and the overall functional power has increased by about 28%. [3] The structure of the pressure relief hole after
optimization design is shown in Fig. 1.

FIGURE 1. Optimized pressure relief hole structure.

(2) Design of the blocking piece

The pressure relief hole broken type blocking piece can withstand the pressure up to 80MPa, and the small particles
which do not exceed 4×4mm after the perforation can be completely replaced by the washing fluid, which will not
affect the overhaul and transformation of the oil and gas well.

020062-2
 Multi-Pulse Composite Gunpowder Design
The multi-pulse composite perforator uses two kinds of different combustion performance gunpowder (high and
low two kinds of burning speed guns), and suppresses the direct impact of the perforating bullet explosion on the
gunpowder through the simultaneous loading and unloading of the bullet frame, and the high burning speed gunpowder
the sequential ignition of low-burning gunpowder increases the amount of gunpowder while increasing the optimal
design of the perforator [4].

TEST

Gunpowder Drug Test

(1) Test the high temperature performance of gunpowder so that the gunpowder cannot change its combustion
performance and energy performance under high temperature conditions, ensuring the effectiveness of gunpowder
and the safety of operation.
(2) The high-temperature test device and the gunpowder-tight explosive device experimental device were used to
test the burning performance of the two gunpowder’s before and after the high-temperature test. The results show that
the two gunpowder’s have good thermal stability under the temperature resistance index. See Table 1.

TABLE 1. The partial transformer historical operation data

Serial Explosive Gunpowder force Full impulse
Gunpowder name Remarks
number heat (fkJ)/kg (Ik)
High burning speed (kJ)/kg 876.56 MPa·s Before the test
1
gunpowder After
3900 873.30 5.15
163°C/48h
3886 538.65 5.05 Before the test
Low burning speed
2 After
gunpowder 3766.1 520.50 9.45
163°C/48h

Gambling Detection
(1) Pressure resistance test
The whole gun equipped with the broken plugging piece was subjected to a sealing and pressing test by a special
ultra-high-pressure test device. The pressure test procedure is: 50MPa pressure for 5min, 70MPa for 15min, 80Mpa
for 5min, and 90MPa for 15min. Test results: 90 MPa is the critical failure pressure, the pressure-boosting and
pressure-holding process is stable, and there is no change in the shape of the gun body and the plug. It proves that the
structural powder metallurgy plug can withstand a pressure of 80 MPa [5]. See Figure 2.

FIGURE 2. Broken gambling film before and after the test

020062-3
 (2) The crushing effect of the broken blocking piece
The single-emission unit test device was used to carry out several experiments, and all the plug residue was
recovered. The results show that the fracture-type plug can be broken under the impact of the 89-3 tail, and the
maximum particle size is less than 4×4 mm.

Multi-Pulse Composite Perforator Ground Detection

Concrete target ground detection.
Through the concrete target, simulation well test and test well verification, the multi-level composite perforator
indicators and the impact on the perforating gun and casing are within the industry standard, which ensures the safety
and effect of multi-stage composite perforation construction. See Tables 2, 3 and 3.

TABLE 2. The partial transformer historical operation data

Detection parameter Test results

Maximum internal burr height mm 2.5

One side crack at the perforation on the perforating gun mm 0
Perforating gun transverse crack, gun head, tail off No cracks, no shedding
Perforating gun outer diameter swells mm 4.0
Total length of crack at the hole of the casing 0

TABLE 3. The partial transformer historical operation data

Detection parameter Test results

Maximum internal burr height mm 1.9

Perforating gun outer diameter swells mm 4.7
Perforation gun hole crack mm 0
Casing outer diameter swells mm 4.0
Total length of crack at the hole of the casing 0

On-Site Perforation Test

Through field test, two wells with the same well condition were selected and tested by 102 conventional composite
perforating technology and 102 multi-pulse composite perforators respectively. The PT curve was obtained by actual
measurement, and the multi-pulse composite perforating charge was compared with the conventional composite shot
[3-4]. The hole height is doubled, the peak pressure is effectively controlled, the wave shape is significantly improved,
and the pressure action time is extended by 2 times compared with the conventional composite perforation. (Note: The
abscissa represents time, the unit is milliseconds; the ordinate represents pressure, unit: megapascals). See Figure 4
and Table 4.

020062-4
 FIGURE 3. Comparison with traditional composite perforation p-t curve

Note: The ordinate represents pressure in megapascals (Mpa); the abscissa represents duration in milliseconds (Ms)

TABLE 4. Comparison of energy output parameters between 102 multi-pulse composite perforation and traditional
composite perforation
Gunpowder Peak Function Work done on the outside world
name
charge pressure (25MPa/ms) MPa·ms
Multi-pulse composite
Kg/m MPa 9.6 790
perforation
Traditional composite
0.75 82 4.0 360
perforation

Through field test, the multi-pulse composite perforator has a large charge, a large peak pressure, and a long work
time.

FIELD APPLICATION

Pressure Detection
Downhole pressure in Well A was monitored during field application. The pressure was measured using a P-T
instrument. Figure 5 is a P-T pressure curve for a well. It can be seen from the figure that the multi-pulse composite
perforator can generate two peaks of gunpowder after detonation in the well, and achieve the expected effect (Note:
the abscissa represents time, the unit is millisecond; the ordinate represents pressure, unit: Megapascal). See Figure 5.

020062-5
 FIGURE 4. A well P-T curve

Application Effect
In order to further verify the construction effect of the multi-pulse composite perforator, we selected the adjacent
wells with the same block for comparison to compare the effects. Table 5 is a comparison table of the liquid production
effects of multi-pulse composite perforation and conventional composite perforation in a certain block; Table 6 is a
comparison of the oil production effect of multi-pulse composite perforation and conventional composite perforation
in a certain block.
TABLE 5. Multi-pulse composite perforator liquid collection effect list
Well number Average shot Average daily liquid Average liquid production improve
Block name Perforation
(mouth) thickness (m) production （m3） intensity （m3/d.m） （%）

Conventional 5.11 0.626

Block A 12 8.18
compound
(60md) 13.7
Multi-level 7.15 0.712
5 10.04
composite
Conventional 31.60 0.685
Block B 28 45.4
compound 9.9
(99md)
Multi-level 36.66 0.748
17 51.8
composite
Conventional 46.56 2.29
Block C 95 20.33
compound 13.4
(373md)
Multi-level 55.01 2.596
73 21.19
composite
Conventional 14 19.07 141.91 7.534
Block D compound 10.1
(932md) Multi-level 10 16.30 136.2 8.292
composite

020062-6
 TABLE 6. Multi-pulse composite perforator liquid collection effect list
Conventional compound average daily oil production (t) Multi-pulse composite average daily oil production (t)
0.04 0.05
4.05 2.645
4.14 5.265
3.61 4.635
3.54 4.505
3.83 3.65
3.8 3.64

It can be seen from the data in the table that the multi-pulse composite perforation effect is more than 10% higher
than the conventional composite perforation effect of the same block, and the average daily oil increase per well is 0.2
tons.

CONCLUSION
4.1 Through the application of the multi-pulse composite perforator, in the case of an increase in the amount of
gunpowder, the post-shot expansion diameter is within the industry standard, ensuring the safety of perforation
construction. Through the caliper test after perforating, the technology has little effect on casing and cement ring;
4.2 By applying the effect tracking to the multi-pulse composite perforator, the test well is compared with the
composite perforation well with the same geological conditions in the same block. The average liquid production
intensity is increased by more than 10%, and the daily oil increase per well is 0.2 tons. Better application results.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Cai Shan has been engaged in perforating technology research and new technology promotion since graduation.
He has served as project leader, room director, director and other staff. He is currently the deputy chief engineer of
the test oil test mining branch and is responsible for technology management. Hosted or completed as a technical
backbone and completed a number of company-level, oilfield company-level scientific research projects.

REFERENCES
1. Yin Junting, Wei Hongjian, et al. Study on the explosion characteristics of metal accelerated explosive/high-
explosive explosive composite charge. Pyrotechnics, (45 March 2015) pp. 33-37.
2. Liu Ming. Research on compound perforation technology. Commodity and quality, (23 September 2018) pp.
376-378.
3. Yu Jiang. MPF-102 multi-pulse synergistic perforating technology. Science Chinese, (11 June 2014) pp. 307-
307.
4. Jia Yajun, Zhang Qiwei. Application of gas-type super-positive pressure composite perforating technology in
Yumen Oilfield. Journal of Yangtze University, (11 October 2014) pp.82-83.
5. Zhu Jianxin. Application of Sleeve Composite Perforating Technology in Shengli Oilfield. Petroleum
Instruments, (28 February 2014) pp. 69-71.

020062-7