Examination questions - Lexicology

1. Principle of compositionality
2. Semantic constituent
3. Two conditions that must be met by a lexical unit
4. Test of recurrent semantic contrast
5. Explain the notion of semantic traits (statuses)
6. Five types of semantic traits – examples
7. Canonical trait
8. Characterize idioms
9. Characterize collocations and explain the notion of semantic cohesion
10. Two factors contributing to semantic cohesion
11. Dead metaphor + examples
12. Explain the notions seme, sememe, lexical unit, lexeme, moneme, phraseme
13. Explain the difference between selection and modulation
14. Promotion and demotion
15. Highlighting and backgrounding
16. Graphically represent four basic logical relations
17. Quasi-relations
18. Explain three basic criteria for distinguishing between homonyms and polysemantic
lexemes.
19. Can we speak of synonymy between lexical units or between lexemes. Justify your claim.
20. Explain the term cognitive synonyms
21. Give two types of semantic co-occurrence restrictions and explain them + examples
22. Complemenarity, converseness
23. Difference between converseness and conversion
24. Difference between homonyms and conversions
25. Contraries vs. contradictories
26. Explain the criteria of dominance and difference for lexical configurations
27. Explain the asymetric principle of the relation of dominance
28. Transitive and intransitive relations of dominance
29. Explain proportional series
30. Explain helices – is it a branching or a non-branching relation + example
31. Basic principles of componential analysis + example
32. Explain the notion of relation components + example
33. What is the difference between redundancy-free and redundant notation in componential
analysis
34. Give the structure of relational components
35. Exemplify relational components for the predicates HAVE, CAUSE, GIVE, GET, KILL
36. Transfer features
37. Deictic features
38. Inferential features
39. Explain the notion of projection rules
40. Four tasks of a semantic theory according to Katz & Fodor corresponding to four basic
abilities of speakers
41. Explain the difference between semantic markers and distinguishers
42. Explain the notion of semantic reversal + example
43. Sinclair distinguishes five categories of co-selection. Which of them are obligatory and
which optional
44. Explain the difference between collocation and colligation
45. De Saussure’s model of sign
46. Ogden & Richards’ model of sign
47. Explain icons, indexes, and symbols in Peirce’s semiotics
48. Difference between denotative and connotative meanings
49. Explain the meaning relations of inclusion and exclusion
50. Arbitrariness, linearity
51. Tautonyms, and meronymy
52. Explain the change of meaning by extension and restriction of meaning
53. Difference between metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche
54. Explain predicator, predicate
55. Explain equative sentence, referring expression
56. What is proposition
57. What is the difference between sentence and utterance
58. Define analytic sentence
59. Define synthetic sentence
60. Define contradiction
61. Define the necessary condition and the sufficient set of conditions
62. Explain the basic principles and problems of the Fixed meaning assumption
63. Explain the basic principles of the Fuzzy meaning assumption
64. What is meant by the Family resemblance syndrome
65. Explain the basic principles of the Prototype Theory
66. Explain the features of three basic units of grammar in cognitive linguistics
67. Explain the terms conceptualization and imagery used in cognitive linguistics
68. Explain what is meant by the assumption that cognitive grammar takes a subjectivist view
of meaning.
69. Explain the notion of schemas in cognitive linguistics
70. Explain the relation between UNITS, SCHEMAS, and CATEGORIZING relationships in
cognitive linguistics
71. What is meant by instantiation in cognitive linguistics. Give an example
72. Explain the notion of USAGE EVENT cognitive linguistics.
73. Give the noun schema and the verb schema and their instantiations