Chapter 9 (Ray Optics and Optical Instruments) Unsolved PDF

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CBSE 12th Physics

Chapter 9 (Ray Optics and Optical Instruments)
Important Unsolved Questions
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CBSE 12th Physics
Unsolved Important Questions
Chapter 9
1 Mark Questions:
Q.1. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism vary, if the incident
light is replaced with red light?
Q.2. Why does the bluish color predominate in a clear sky?
Q.3. Two thin lenses of power + 6D and -2D are in contact. What is the focal length of
the combination?
Q.4. For the same value of angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in three media A,
B and C are 𝟏𝟓𝐨 , 𝟐𝟓𝐨 and 𝟑𝟓𝐨 respectively. In which medium would the velocity of light
be minimum?
Q.5. A biconcave lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is

immersed in water of refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a converging or a
diverging lens? Give reason.
Q.6. How does the angle of minimum deviation of a glass prism vary, if the incident
violet light is replaced by red light? Give reason.
Q.7. A glass of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. what must be
refractive index of the liquid in order to make the lens disappear?
Q.8. You are given following three lenses. Which two lenses will you use as an eyepiece
and as an objective to construct an astronomical telescope?
Lenses Power (p) Aperture (A)

L1 3D 8cm
L2 6D 1cm
L3 10D 1cm
Q.9. If the angle between the pass axis of polarizer and the analyzer is 45°, write the
ratio of the intensities of original light and the transmitted light after passing through
the analyzer.
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Q.10. State the conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
Q.11. Under what condition does a biconvex lens of glass having a certain refractive
index act as a plane glass sheet when immersed in a liquid?
Q.12. Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‘i’, prism ‘A’ and angle of
minimum deviation for a triangular prism.
Q.13. A convex lens is placed in contact with a plane mirror. A point object at a distance
of 20 cm on the axis of this combination has its image coinciding with itself. What is the
focal length of the lens?
2 Mark Questions:
Q.14. Draw a labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in the near point
position. Write the expression for its magnifying power.
Q.15. Define refractive index of a transparent medium. A ray of light passes through
prism. Plot a graph showing the variation of the angle of deviation with angle of
incidence.
Q.16. An object AB is kept in front of a concave mirror as show in the figure.
(i) Complete the ray diagram showing the image formation of the object.
(ii) How will the position and intensity of the image be affected if the lower half
of the mirror’s reflecting surface is painted black?
Q.17. Explain the scattering of light with an example.
Q.18. A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting
diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first
minimum is at a distance of 2.5 mm from the center of the screen. Calculate the width of
the slit.

Q.19. A convex lens of focal length 𝒇𝟏 is kept in contact with a concave lens of focal
length 𝒇𝟐 . find the focal of the combination.
Q.20. Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB of an
isosceles right - angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two
rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are respectively 1.35 and 1.45. Trace path of these rays after entering
through the prism.
Q.21. A convex lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 20cm in air. Calculate
the change if its immersed in water of refractive index 4/3.
Q.22. A ray of light passing through an equilateral triangular glass prism from air
undergoes minimum deviation when angle of incidence is 3/4th the angle of prism.
Calculate the speed of light the prism.
Q.23. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If
focal length of the lens is 12 cm, find the refractive index of the material of the lens.
Q.24. (a) The bluish colour predominates in clear sky.

(b) Violet colour is seen at the bottom of the spectrum when white light is dispersed
by a prism. State reasons to explain these observations.
Q.25. Two convex lenses of same focal length but of aperture 𝑨𝟏 and 𝑨𝟐 (𝑨𝟐 < 𝑨𝟏 ), are
used as the objective lenses in two astronomical telescopes having identical eyepieces.
What is the ratio of their resolving power? Which telescope will you prefer and why?
Give reason.
Q.26. A ray of light, incident on an equilateral glass prism (mg= √𝟑) moves parallel to
the base line of the prism inside it, Find the angle of incidence for this ray.
Q.27. (a) Write the necessary conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflections
to occur.
(b) Write the relation between the refractive index and critical angle for a given pair of
optical media.
Q.28. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave
lens of focal length 20 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be
converging or diverging in nature?

Q.29. For a single slit of width "a", the first minimum of the interference pattern of a
𝝀 𝝀
monochromatic light of wavelength e occurs at an angle of 𝒂 . At the same angle of 𝒂,
we get a maximum for two narrow slits separated by a distance "a". Explain.
Q.30. Define the magnifying power of a compound microscope when the final image is
formed at infinity. Why must both the objective and the eyepiece of a compound
microscope has short focal lengths? Explain.
3 Mark Questions:
Q.31. (i) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in normal
adjustment. Explain briefly working.
(ii) An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of power 10 D and 1 D. what is its
magnifying power in normal adjustment?
Q.32. (i) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope. Explain briefly
it’s working.
(ii) Why must both the objective and eye-piece of a compound microscope have short
focal lengths?
Q.33. An illuminated object and a screen are placed 90cm apart. Determine the focal
length and nature of the lens required to produce a clear image on the screen, twice the
size of the object.
Q.34. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1·5 is dipped, in turn, in (i) a
medium of refractive index 1·65, (ii) a medium of refractive index 1·33.
(a) Will it behave as a converging or a diverging lens in the two cases?
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media?
Q.35. Use the mirror equation to show that.

(a) An object placed between f and 2f of a concave mirror produces a real image beyond
2f.
(b) A convex mirror always produces a virtual image independent of the location of the
object.
(c) An object placed between the pole and focus of a concave mirror produces a virtual
and enlarged image.

Q.36. A compound microscope uses an objective lens of focal length 4 cm and eyepiece
lens of focal length 10 cm. An object is placed at 6 cm from the objective lens. Calculate
the magnifying power of the compound microscope. Also calculate the length of the
microscope.
Q.37. A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length
15 m. If an eyepiece lens of focal length 1·0 cm is used, find the angular magnification of
the telescope.
If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image of the moon
formed by the objective lens? The diameter of the 3 moon is 3·42 x 106 m and the radius
of the lunar orbit is 𝟑 · 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎.
Q.38. You are given three lenses 𝑳𝟏 , 𝑳𝟐 and 𝑳𝟑 each of focal length 20 cm. An object
is kept at 40 cm in front of 𝑳𝟏 , as shown. The final real image is formed at the focus
‘I’ of 𝑳𝟑 . Find the separations between 𝑳𝟏 , 𝑳𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑳𝟑 .
Q.39. Draw a labelled ray diagram of a refracting telescope. Define its magnifying
power write the expression for it.
Write two important limitations of a refracting telescope over reflecting type telescope.
Q.40. One day Chetan’s mother developed a severe stomach ache all of a sudden. She
was rushed to the doctor who suggested for an immediate endoscopy test and gave an
estimate of expenditure for the same. Chetan immediately contacted his class teacher
and shared the information with her. The class teacher arranged for the money and
rushed to the hospital. On realizing that Chetan belonged to a below average income
group family, even the doctor offered concession for the test fee, the test conducted.

Answer the following question based on the above information:

(a) Which principle in optics made use of in endoscopy?
(b) Briefly explain the values reflected in the action taken by the teacher.
(c) In what way do you appreciate the response of the doctor on the given situation?
Q.41. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of
radius of curvature 20 cm. The two are kept at 15 cm each other. A point object lies 60
cm in front of the convex lens. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image
by the combination. Determine the nature position of the image formed.
Q.42. (a) Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water
surface. If  for water is 1.33, find the wavelength, frequency and speed of the refracted
light.
(b) A double convex lens is made of a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both faces of
the same radius of curvature. Find the radius of curvature required, if the focal length
is 20 cm.
Q.43. (a) Draw a ray diagram depicting the formation of the image by an astronomical
telescope in normal adjustment
(b) You are given the following three lenses. Which two lenses will you use as an
eyepiece and as an objective to construct an astronomical telescope? Give reason.
Lenses Power (D) Aperture (cm)
𝑳𝟏 3 8
𝑳𝟐 6 1
𝑳𝟑 10 1
Q.44. Three light rays red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident on a right angled
prism 'abc' at face 'ab'. The refractive indices of the material of the prism for red,
green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. Out of the three
which color ray will emerge out of face 'ac'? Justify your answer. Trace the path of
these rays after passing through face 'ab'.

Q.45. (a) Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation by a compound microscope.
Hence obtain expression for total magnification when the image is formed at infinity.
Q.46. (a) State Huygens’s principle. Using this principle draw a diagram to show how a
plane wave front incident at the interface of the two media gets refracted when it
propagates from a rarer to a denser medium. Hence verify Snell’s law of refraction.
(b) When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, explain the
following, giving reasons: (i) Is the frequency of reflected and reflected light same as the
frequency of incident light? (ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a reduction in the
energy carried by light wave?
Q.47. (a) A mobile phone lies along the principal axis of a concave mirror. Show, with
the help of a suitable diagram, the formation of its image.
(b) Suppose the lower half of the concave mirror's reflecting surface is covered with an
opaque material. What effect this will have on the image of the object? Explain.
Q.48. (i) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows
minimum deviation of 30°. Calculate the speed of light through the prism.
(ii) Find the angle of incidence at face AB so that the emergent ray grazes along the face
AC.
Q.49. (a) Show using a proper diagram how unpolarised light can be linearly polarized
by reflection from a transparent glass surface.
(b) The figure shows a ray of light falling normally on the face AB of an equilateral
glass prism having refractive index 3/2, placed in water of refractive index 4/3. Will this
ray suffer total internal reflection on striking the face AC? Justify your answer.

Q.50.
A symmetric biconvex lens of radius of curvature R and made of glass of refractive

index 1.5, is placed on a layer of liquid placed on top of a plane mirror as shown in the
figure. An optical needle with its tip on the principal axis of the lens is moved along the
axis until its real, inverted image coincides with the needle itself. The distance of the
needle from the lens is measured to be x. On removing the liquid layer and repeating
the experiment, the distance is found to be y. Obtain the expression for the refractive
index of the liquid in terms of x and y.
4 Marks Questions:
Q.51. Mrs. Rashmi Singh broke her reading glasses. When she went to the shopkeeper
to order new spects, he suggested that she should get spectacles with plastic lenses
instead of glass lenses. On getting the new spectacles, she found that the new ones were
thicker than the earlier ones. She asked this question to the shopkeeper but he could not
offer satisfactory explanation for this. At home, Mrs. Singh raised the same question to
her daughter Anuja who explained why plastic lenses were thicker.
(a) Write two qualities displayed each by Anuja and her mother.
(b) How do you explain this fact using lens maker's formula?
5 Marks Questions:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Q.52. Derive the lens formula, 𝒇 = 𝒗 − 𝒖 for a concave lens, using the necessary ray
diagram. Two lenses of powers 10 D and - 5D are placed in contact,

(i) Calculate the power of the new lens.

(ii) Where should an abject be held from the lens, so as to obtain a virtual image of
magnification.
Q.53. (a) (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of image in an
astronomical telescope for a distant object.
(ii) write three distinct advantage of a reflecting type telescope over a refracting
type telescope.
(b) (i) A convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed coaxially 5 cm away from a concave
lens of focal length 10 cm. If an object is placed 30 cm in front of the convex lens, find
the position of the final image formed by the combined system.
Q.54. (a) With the help of a suitable ray diagram, derive the mirror formula for a
concave mirror.
Q.55. (a). Describe briefly how a diffraction Patten is obtained on a screen due to a
single narrow slit illuminated by a monochromatic source of light. Hence obtain the
conditions for the angular width of secondary maxima and secondary minima.
(b) Two wavelength of sodium light of 590 nm and 596 nm are used in turn to study the
diffraction taking place at single slit of aperture 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 m. The distance between the
slit and the screen is 1.5m. Calculate the separation between the positions of first
maxima of the diffraction pattern obtained in the two cases.
Q.56. (a) Define wavefront. Use Huygens' principle to verify the laws of refraction.
(b) How is linearly polarised light obtained by the process of scattering of light ? Find
the Brewster angle for air – glass interface, when the refractive index of glass = 1.5.
Q.57. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a combination of two thin
convex lenses in contact. Obtain the expression for the power of this combination in
terms of the focal lengths of the lenses. (b) A ray of light passing from air through an
equilateral glass prism undergoes minimum deviation when the angle of incidence is
𝟑
𝒕𝒉 of the angle of prism. Calculate the speed of light in the prism.
𝟒
Q.58. (a) For a ray of light travelling from a denser medium of refractive index 𝒏𝟏 to a
𝒏
rarer medium of refractive index 𝒏𝟐 , prove that 𝒏𝟐 = sin 𝒊𝒄 , where 𝒊𝒄 is the critical angle
𝟏
of incidence for the media.
(b) Explain with the help of a diagram. how the above principle is used for transmission
of video signals using optical fibers?

Q.59. (a) What is plane polarized light? Two polaroid’s are placed at 𝟗𝟎𝟎 to each other
and the transmitted intensity is zero. What happens when one more polaroid is placed
between these two bisecting the angle between them? how will the intensity of
transmitted light vary on further rotting the polaroid?
(b) If a light beam shows no intensity variation when transmitted. Through a polaroid
which is rotated, does it mean that the light is un – polarized? explain briefly.
Q.60. Trace the rays of light showing the formation of an image due to a point object
placed on the axis of a spherical surface separating the two media of refractive indices
n1 and n2. Establish the relation between the distances of the object, the image and the
radius of curvature from the central point of the spherical surface. Hence derive the
expression of the lens maker's formula.
Q.61. Draw the labelled ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound
microscope. Derive the expression for the total magnification of a compound
microscope. Explain why both the objective and the eyepiece of a compound microscope
must have short focal length.
Q.62. Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Deduce an
expression for the total magnification when the final image is formed at the near point.
In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from the objective
of focal length 1.25 cm. If the eye piece has a focal length of 5 cm and the final image is
formed at the near point, estimate the magnifying power of the microscope
Q.63. (a) Draw radiograms show refraction of a ray of monochromatic light passing
through a glass prism.
Deduce the expression for the refractive index of glassing terms of angle of prism and
angle of minimum deviation.
(b) Explain briefly how the phenomenon of total internal reflection is used in fibre optics
Q.64. (a) Obtain lens makers formula using the expression

𝑛2 𝑛1 (𝑛2 − 𝑛1 )
− =
𝑣 𝑢 𝑅
Here the ray flight propagating from a rarer medium of refractive index (𝒏𝟏 ) to a
denser medium ofrefractive index (𝒏𝟐 )isincident on the convex side of spherical
refracting surface of radius of curvature R,
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a concave mirror when the object
is kept between its focus and the pole. Using this diagram, derive the magnification
formula for the image formed.

Q.65. Define magnifying power of a telescope. Write its expression.

A small telescopes has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and an eye piece of focal
length 5 cm. If this telescope is used to view a 100 m high tower 3 km away, find the
height of the final image when it is formed 25 cm away from the eye piece.
Q.66. (a) 'Two independent monochromatic sources of light cannot produce a sustained
interference pattern'. Give reason.
(b) Light waves each of amplitude "a" and frequency "w", emitting from two coherent
light sources superimpose at a point. If the displacements due to these waves is given by
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝎𝒕 and 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝝎𝒕 + 𝝓) where 𝝓 is the phase difference between the
two, obtain the expression for the resultant intensity at the point.
(c) In Young's double slit experiment, using monochromatic light of wavelength 𝝀, the
intensity of light at a point on the screen where path difference is 𝝀, is K units. Find out
the intensity of light at a point where path difference is 𝝀,/3
Q.67. (a) How does one demonstrate, using a suitable diagram, that unpolished light
when passed through a Polaroid gets polarized?
(b) A beam of unpolished light is incident on a glass-air interface. Show, using a suitable
ray diagram, that light reflected from the interface is totally polarized, when 𝝁 =
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒊𝑩 , where 𝝁 is the refractive index of glass with respect to air and 𝒊𝑩 , is the
Brewster's angle.

Q.68. (a) Distinguish between unpolarized light and linearly polarized light. How does
one get linearly polarised light with the help of a polaroid?
(b) A narrow beam of unpolarised light of intensity 𝑰𝟎 is incident on a polaroid 𝑷𝟏 .
The light transmitted by it is then incident on a second polariod 𝑷𝟐 with its pass axis
making angle of 60° relative to the pass axis of 𝑷𝟏 . Find the intensity of the light
transmitted by 𝑷𝟐 .
Q.69. (a) Explain two features to distinguish between the interference pattern in
Young's double slit experiment with the diffraction pattern obtained due to a single slit.
(b) A monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a single slit of

width 0.2 mm to produce a diffraction pattern. Find the angular width of the central
maximum obtained on the screen.
Estimate the number of fringes obtained in Young's double slit experiment with fringe
width 0.5 mm, which can be accommodated within the region of total angular spread of
the central maximum due to single slit.
Q.70. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show image formation when the concave mirror
produces a real, inverted and magnified image of the object.
(b) Obtain the mirror formula and write the expression for the linear magnification.
(c) Explain two advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope.

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Tips, Tricks, General Knowledge, Current Affairs, Latest Sample,

CBSE 12th Physics

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Q.2. Why does the bluish color predominate in a clear sky?

Q.5. A biconcave lens made of a transparent material of refractive index 1.25 is

Lenses Power (p) Aperture (A)

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Q.16. An object AB is kept in front of a concave mirror as show in the figure.

Q.17. Explain the scattering of light with an example.

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Q.24. (a) The bluish colour predominates in clear sky.

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Q.35. Use the mirror equation to show that.

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Answer the following question based on the above information:

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A symmetric biconvex lens of radius of curvature R and made of glass of refractive

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(i) Calculate the power of the new lens.

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Q.64. (a) Obtain lens makers formula using the expression

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Q.65. Define magnifying power of a telescope. Write its expression.

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(b) A monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a single slit of

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