Double purchase crab

Objective: To determine various machine parameters of given double purchase crab.

Theory:
The machines with gears are of two types:

(a) Machine with parallel axis of rotation: In these machines, effort and loads remain parallel
to each other. These machines may have more than one shaft, arranged parallel to each
other. The load is transferred from one shaft to another through a spur and pinion gear
system e.g. single /double winches crab, single/double purchase crab.
(b) Machine with normal axis of rotation: In these machines gear arrangement is such that
the effort and load act in perpendicular direction e.g. screw jacks and warms.

A double purchase crab consists of three shafts connected by two pinions, two spur Wheels,
effort wheel and load drum. They are used to lift heavy load. A double purchase crab is similar to
single purchase crab with one additional intermediate shaft.

Let, W = Load lifted

P = Effort applied
D = Diameter of effort wheel
d = Diameter of load drum or load axle
T1 = Number of teeth on pinion A mounted on effort axle
T2 = Number of teeth on spur B mounted on intermediate shaft
T3 = Number of teeth on pinion C mounted on intermediate shaft
T4 = Number of teeth on spur D mounted on Load axle.
By giving one revolution to effort wheel, effort moves by y = πd.
One revolution of pinion of effort axle will rotate load axle through gear arrangement by distance
 
x= πd x 1 x
2 

     
Velocity Ratio = 

      
 
= x x
  

Apparatus: Double purchase crab machine, weights, vernier caliper, scale.

 Fig: Double Purchase Crab

Procedure:
1. Keep effort pan 1 m above ground level. Measure the height of load pan = x1.
2. Move effort pan such that it touches the ground, therefore y = 1 m.
3. Measure height of load pan = x2
Therefore x2-x1= x = Distance moved by load.
4. Put weight in load pan. Total load = self weight of load pan + weight =W1.
5. Put weight is effort pan in increments such that pan moves down in smooth motion. Effort pan
should move with constant slow speed. It effort pan moves with acceleration then reduce the
effort. Take minimum six readings by changing load:
6. Draw graph between load and effort and derive law of machine P = mW + c.
7. Draw graph between

(a) Load and efficiency and mark max =  !"
(b) Load and frictional effort.

Observation:

Diameter of effort wheel (D) = 50 cm Diameter of load drum (d) = 10 cm

No. of teeth on pinion wheel A T1 = 20 No. of teeth on spur Gear B T2 = 80
No. of teeth on pinion wheel C T3 = 25 No. of teeth on spur Gear D T4 = 100
X1=………………….. X2=…………………..
Distance Moved by Effort y 1 D T2 T4
VR= = = also, VR= x x
Distance moved by load x x 2 - x1 d T1 T3
Observation table:

Total Total Mechanical Frictional Frictional

Sr. Efficiency
load effort Adv. effort load
No (MA/VR)*100
W(N) P(N) MA=W/P P-(W/VR) (P*VR) - W
1. 300 25
2. 400 30
3. 500
4. 600
5. 700
6.

Conclusion:

Discussion:

1. Nature of graphs, which of the graph pass from origin and why?

2. State whether machine is reversible, why?

3. Law of machine P =…………..