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Sensitivity & Resolution Numericals

The document discusses the concepts of sensitivity and resolution as they relate to measurement instruments. It provides several formulas to calculate sensitivity for different types of instruments including digital meters, transducers, capacitors, and plates. It also defines resolution as the smallest change in a measured value that an instrument can detect. Several examples are given to demonstrate calculating sensitivity and resolution for various instruments and measurement scenarios.

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manjot kaur
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1K views3 pages

Sensitivity & Resolution Numericals

The document discusses the concepts of sensitivity and resolution as they relate to measurement instruments. It provides several formulas to calculate sensitivity for different types of instruments including digital meters, transducers, capacitors, and plates. It also defines resolution as the smallest change in a measured value that an instrument can detect. Several examples are given to demonstrate calculating sensitivity and resolution for various instruments and measurement scenarios.

Uploaded by

manjot kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT-1

Sensitivity
Formulas:

1. Sensitivity=Output/Input
2. Sensitivity of Digital meter: S=fmin *R

fmin =lowest full scale reading of meter

R= Resolution

3. Sensitivity of Transducers:
S=[-(n-1)€0€rA]/d=∆C/∆D
4. Change of capacitance due to change in overlapping area of plates:
S = [€W/d] F/m
S=ðC/ðx
C=€A/d, A=xW
x:length of overlapping part of plates
W:width of overlapping plates

5. Cylindrical Capacitor of capacitance is considered


S=2╥€/loge(D2/D1)
S=ðC/ðx
C=2╥€x/loge(D2/D1)
x: length of overlapping part of cylinder
D2: Inner diameter of outer cylinder
D1: Outer Diameter of Inner cylinder

6. Capacitance employed for measurement of angular displacement, S=€r2/2d


C=€A/d=€*╥*r2/2d at angle θ
C=€θr2/2d
S=ðC/ðθ

7. Differential arrangement of parallel plates with voltage E is applied between plate


S=E/d
S=∆E/x=(E2 –E1)/x =Ex/d
E2 =(d+x)/2d*E
E1 =(d-x)/2d*E

8. Capacitance with change in distance between plates


S=-€A/d2
C=€A/d
S=ðC/ðd=-€A/d2
9. Capacitive transducer consists of 2 plates separated by air then
S=-A€/3.6╥d2
C=€A/3.6╥d
S=ðC/ðd

Q1: A Wheatstone Bridge requires a change of 7 Ω in the unknown arm of the bridge to
produce a change in deflection of 3mm of the galvanometer. Determine the sensitivity and
deflection meter.

Ans: Sensitivity=Output/Input=3mm/7=0.429 mm/Ω

Deflection Factor=Input/Output=1/S=1/0.429=2.33Ω/mm

Q2: A 5 plate transducer has plates of dimensions 20mm*20mm separated by 0.25mm


apart. Assume air medium. Calculate sensitivity of transducer arrangement.

Solution:

n=5
A=20*20=40 mm2 =0.4 *10-3 m2
€r =1
€0 =8.85*10-12
D=0.25 mm=0.25*10-3 m
S=[-(n-1)€0€rA]/d=∆C/∆D=-56.6*10-12
UNIT-1
RESOLUTION
• Resolution: the smallest change in measured value to which the instrument will
respond, i.e. the smallest incremental quantity that can be reliably measured.

• The resolution of the instrument is δ if there is an equal probability that the indicated
value of any artifact, which differs from a reference standard by less than δ, will be the
same as the indicated value of the reference.

• This is the smallest difference in the measurement of a value that can be detected. In
modern digital systems resolution is normally defined in terms of the resolution of the
analogue to digital converter, which samples the source data. Where the source
transducer is digital (e.g. incremental encoders) the resolution is the value represented by
one 'bit'.

• Commonly used ADC's give the following resolutions :

i. 8 bit 1:256
ii. 10 bit 1:1024
iii. 12 bit 1:4096
iv. 16 bit 1:65536

NUMERICALS

Q1: A 0-100 V voltmeter has 200 scale divisions which can be read to ½ division. Calculate
resolution of meter in volts.

Sol: Full Scale Reading=100 V

Scale Division=200

1 scale reading=100/200=1/2

Resolution=1/2*1/2=1/4=0.25

Q2: If n is number of full digits,then resolution=1/10n . Find resolution of 3 ½ digit display


on 1V and 10 V ranges.

Sol: R=1/103 =0.001

For 1V=0.001*1=0.001

For 10 V=0.001*10=0.01

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