Part I: Titration with an Indicator

1. Fill the 50-milliliter buret with a 0.25 molar NaOH solution.

2. Record volume.
3. Measure out between 20 milliliters and 40 milliliters of the unknown HCl solution.
4. Record volume.
5. The amount of unknown HCl is then added to the 100-milliliter Erlenmeyer flask.
6. Add two drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein, to the acid in the flask.
7. Using the slider on the right hand side, add NaOH to the HCl in the Erlenmeyer flask
(This action is known as ​titrate). ​ Add the indicator until the color of the indicator turns a
light shade of pink.
8. Record the volume.
9. If you went too far past the end point, please record the results of your trial. Include all
sets of data in your lab report.

Part II: Titration with a pH Meter

1. Fill the 50-milliliter buret with a 0.25 molar NaOH solution.
2. Record volume.
3. Measure out between 20 milliliters and 40 milliliters of the unknown HCl solution. T​ his
amount must be different than the amount used in part I.
4. Record volume.
5. The amount of unknown HCl is then added to the 100-milliliter Erlenmeyer flask.
6. Insert the pH meter into the Erlenmeyer flask and record the initial pH of the acid.
Remember to record the pH of the solution after every 5 milliliters of NaOH added.
7. Titrate the NaOH into the HCl until the buret is empty.

Data and Observations:

Part I: Titration with an Indicator

Insert a complete data table, including appropriate significant figures and units, in the space
below. Be sure to include all trials that were completed in Part I. Also include any observations
that you made over the course of Part I.
I. A data table for recording your observations is below.
Observations Volume of HCl used : 25.0 mL

If more drops of Initial volume of NaOH in buret : 50.0 mL

phenolphthalein
is added, then Final volume of NaOH in buret: 34.0 mL
the reaction
slows down. As
the solution
slowly
increased, the
color started to
change to a
pink.

Part II: Titration with a pH Meter

1. Insert a complete data table, including appropriate significant figures and units, in the
space below. Be sure to include all trials that were completed in Part II. Also include any
observations that you made over the course of Part II. A data table for recording your
observations is below.
2. Observati Initial pH of HCl:0.70
ons
Volume of HCl used: 35.0 mL
After the total
amount of 24.0 Initial volume of NaOH in buret: 50.0 mL
mL was added,
the pH level was Final volume of NaOH in buret: 26.0 mL
at a base level.
pH after 5 mL of NaOH: 0.87
So that means if
the amount of
pH after 10 mL of NaOH: 1.06
NaOH is greater
than 24.0, it is
pH after 15 mL of NaOH: 1.30
basic pH value.
pH after 20 mL of NaOH: 1.70

pH after 24 mL of NaOH: 7.0

pH after 25 mL of NaOH: 11.65

pH after 30 mL of NaOH: 12.40

pH after 35 mL of NaOH: 12.63

pH after 40 mL of NaOH: 12.76

 pH after 45 mL of NaOH: 12.85

pH after 50 mL of NaOH: 12.91

3. Plot the data from your data table into a graphing problem. Include the graph below. (pH
should be on the ​y-axis, volume of NaOH added should be on the x​ -axis).
Calculations:
Complete the following calculations for each part of the lab, showing your work neatly, labeling
each calculation with a subtitle, and giving a brief written explanation of each calculation.
1. Determine the volume of sodium hydroxide added to the flask from the buret.
Initial volume - final volume = 50.0 - 34.0 = 16.0 mL

2. Calculate the molarity of the Hydrochloric acid in the flask. You may refer to the Titration
demo at the beginning of the honors lesson, just above the Virtual Lab to sample
calculations.
NaOH + HCl = NaCl +H2O
20.0 mL* 1 L of NaOH / 1000 mL titrant * 0.25 mol NaOH / 1L NaOH * 1 mol HCl / 1 mol NaOH
= 0.005

HCl moles=0.005*20.0 L
= 0.00025
0.00025 mol of HCl

Conclusion:
1. Describe the graph of pH values over the course of the reaction in Part II. Was the
change in pH consistent over the course of the reaction? Do your best to explain the
reason for the shape of the pH curve in your own words.
The graph shows that as the base increases, the reaction becomes less acidic, but if pH level
remains 7 then the reaction stays the same. So as the pH value remains consistent, more
NaOH is added, the the graph would show a curved edge making the results basic.
2. Why is it important to stir the solution in the flask as you add titrant from the buret?
It is important to stir the solution in the flask as you add the titrant from the buret because the
titrant or the solvent would have not combined together and the result would have ended up
incorrect.
3. If a student did not remove all of the bubbles from inside the buret before reading the
initial volume and beginning the titration, will this cause the calculated concentration of
the hydrochloric acid determined from that trial to be higher or lower than the actual
concentration? Explain your answer in complete sentences.
If a student did not remove all the bubbles from inside the buret before reading the initial
volume, the calculated concentration would be higher than the actual concentration because the
molarity would have changed.
4. Describe at least three possible sources of error in a titration experiment like this and, for
each, explain whether the error would result in a calculated molarity that is too high or
too low.
3 possible sources of error could be the calculation, dirty equipment or incorrect use of sig figs.
If the calculations are wrong, the final answers might be different with higher or lower numbers.
If dirty equipment was used, the final result would be different because the solute that tested the
time before would mix with the current solute, causing wrong results. If sig figs are used
incorrectly, the final calculations wouldn’t be right and there would be an increase or decrease
to the final calculation.