University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

Department of Mining Engineering

Report of Complex Engineering Problem of Tunnel Design

Written by:

Muhammad Aman Ullah khalid (2016-min-20)

Wasiq Ahmad (2016-Min-23)

Submitted to:

Dr. Zaka Emad

Due Date: august 24, 2020

Rock mechanics CEP

Abstract:
This report provides the research-based study of the circular tunnel which is to be excavated into andesite
rock. By using different parameters we used a method to convert the rock mass into an intact rock which
helps us to classify the intact rock called Rock mass rating and Q system. An optimized circular shape
tunnel is discussed with some concepts of stability, support, stresses which has been driven by RMR.
Estimate the standup time for unsupported tunnel by RMR. Interpreted the phase2d design of tunnel
which showed the stress concentrations.

Introduction:
A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/earth/rock without disturb the
surface conditions and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end. Tunnels in aspects of
economic infrastructure play important. In this project, We are going to excavate a circular tunnel of 840m
depth which is basically passes from three rock masses, andesite, formation A and Formation B. we are going
to classify these rock masses into intact rock by using RMR system.

1. Rock Mass Classification:

For Andesite:
According to provided data in problem statement, the Average UCS of andesite is 166MPa with deviation
of 22MPa (144-188) and average point load index is 6.1MPa with deviation of 2.3MPa (3.8 to 8.4). RQD
is expected to between 80-90 percent. By using Bieniawski 1989 we will rate the different parameters .
Table 1. Rock mass parameters:

Classification Parameters Rating Values

Strength of intact rock 12

RQD 17

Widely spaced 20

Condition of Discontinuity 25

Ground water (dry) 15

Total 89

RMR for Andesite: 89

By using the same way we used in table 1, we will evaluate the RMR of formation A and Formation B.

For Formation A:
RQD= 37%, Spacing of joint 1.2m to 1.5m, water inflow with pressure
Rating values = 12+8+15+20+7 = 62
RMR for formation A = 62
For Formation B:
Assuming the spacing of joints is 1.2m to 1.5m and RQD is as same as formation A
Rating Values = 12+8+10+15+0 = 45

RMR for Formation B = 45

2. Support system:
For the andesite the RMR is 89, for Formation A is 62 and for formation B is 45. By considering these
rated values in Table 2, we can find out the class of rock mass and their average standup times. Support
requirement can also find out by using given Table 3.
Table 2. Rock mass Classification for standup time:

Table 3.Support requirement:

3. Elastic Stresses:
By using Kirsch equations we will find out stresses on the top and side of opening from 0 to 4m.radius of
tunnel(a) is 4m, K = 1.9 and P is the overburden over tunnel.

Top of tunnel:
At 0m At 4m
Only tangential normal stress will act at 0 meters Radial normal stress = P
on top of tunnel = 2.9P where is P is the
Tangential normal stress = 1.8P
overburden.
Radial stress = 0 Shear stress = 0
Shear stress = 0

Side of tunnel:
At 0m At 4m
Tangential normal stress = P Radial normal stress = 0.33P
Radial normal stress and shear stress = 0 Tangential normal stress = 2P
Shear stress = 0

Phase 2D analysis:

phase 2d interpretation

Conclusions:
In this report, we have seen the immense change through the same rock mass but different in conditions.
Due to these condition, they requires different span time, support structures and different schemes
towards the providence of strength requirement of ground. Elastic stresses acting upon different direction
and varies when the distance from the center in changes. Depending upon the material and major or minor
principal stresses phase 2d interprets the stress concentrations which is high at the roof as compared to the
side walls of tunnels.
References:

 https://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/NZGW/2012/46654final00022.pdf
 Phase2d CAD VIEW
 https://www.rocscience.com/assets/resources/learning/hoek/Practical-Rock-Engineering-
Chapter-3-Rock-Mass-Classification.pdf
 Stresses around the openings by Dr. Zaka Emad.