Theorems on Area: Triangles and Quadrilaterals

Parallelogram ABCD and triangle ABE are on the same base as well as between the same parallels

The two figures can be said to be on the same base and between
the same parallels if they have a common base (a common side) and
the vertex (or vertices) opposite to the common base of each figure
lie on some line parallel to the base.

The two triangles are on the same base but not between the same
parallels:

Theorem 1
Consider two parallelograms ABCD and ABEF, on the same base AB, and between the same
parallels, as shown below:

“Parallelograms on the same (or equal) base and between the same parallel lines
are equal in area”

Theorem 2

“The area of a parallelogram is equal to the area of a rectangle on same (or equal) base
and between the same parallel lines”

Consider a parallelogram ABCD and a rectangle ABEF on the same base and between the same
parallels:

Area (ABCD) = Area (ABEF) = l × w

Theorem 3
“The area of a triangle is half that of a parallelogram on the same (or equal) base
and between the same parallel lines”

Consider a parallelogram ABCD and a triangle ABE on the same base AB

and between the same parallels

Now complete the parallelogram ABEF

Area ( ABE) = 1 Area ( ABEF) = 1 Area ( ABCD)

2 2

Theorem 4

“Two triangles on the same (or equal) base and between the same parallels are equal in area”
THE MEDIANS OF A TRIANGLE

a. In any triangle there can only be three medians.

b. In an equilateral triangle all the medians are of the same length.
c. In an isosceles triangle, the two medians drawn from
    the vertices of the equal angles are equal in length.
d. In a scalene all the medians are of different length.
e. The medians are always inside the triangle.

Theorem
Three medians of a triangle divide the triangle into six triangles that are all equal in area

Theorems
The medians of a triangle intersect each other
in the ratio 2:1

Theorem
The median of a triangle divides the triangle into
two triangles with equal areas.