MA112 Calculus II

Lecture 1.3

5 August 2020
 R EMINDER

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 WARNING

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Related Rates
 R EMINDER : 3.4 R ELATED R ATES PG 204

Reading and Exercises Refer to Anton-Bivens-Davis’ Calculus -

Early Transcendental, 10th Edition.

• READ and STUDY Section 3.4 of your textbook. MAKE some

notes as you go through the reading.

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 Related Rates

One rate a, can be related to another v, as in:

dv
a=
dt
Where the rate called a is related to the rate called v by a
differentiation. Two rates can also be related some other way as in:
dy du
=k·
dx dx
which says, y changes with x like u changes with x, times k.

”Relating rates generates differential equations”

• We try to find the rate at which one of the variables is changing

at a certain time, while the rates at which the other variables
are changing are known.
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 Steps for Solving Related Rates Problems

1. Identify the rates of change that are known and the rate of
change that is to be found.

2. Find an equation that relates the quantities whose rates of

change were identified in Step 1.

3. Differentiate both sides of the equation obtained in Step 2 with

respect to time and solve for the unknown rate of change.

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 Example 1

Air is being pumped into a sperical balloon at a rate of 5cm3 /min.

Determine the rate at which the radius of the balloon is increasing
when the diameter of the balloon is 20cm.
Solution:

• Let V be the volume of the ballon and let r be its radius.

dV
• Given: = 5cm3 /min
dt
dr
• Find: ? when r = 10cm
dt
• We need to relate these two quantities to each other. In this
case we can relate the volume and radius with the formula for
the volume of a sphere.
4 3 dV
V = πr ⇒ = 4πr2
3 dr
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 Example 1 Solution

• Differentiate using chain rule

dV dV dr 2 dr


= = 4πr
dt dr dt dt

• Substituting the known quantities and solve for what we want

to find.
dV
dr
2
= 4πr
dt dt
2 dr dr 1


5 = 4π 10 ⇒ = .
dt dt 80π

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 Example 2

A 5m ladder rests against a vertical wall. If the bottom of the ladder

slides away from the wall at a rate of 1m/s, how fast is the top of the
ladder sliding down the wall when the bottom of the ladder is 3m
from the wall?

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 Example 2 Solution

• Let x be the distance (m) from the wall and y be the distance
(m) from the top of the ladder to the ground
dx
• Given: = 1m/s
dt
dy
• Find: ? when x = 3m from the wall
dt
• We need to relate these two quantities to each other. In this
case we can relate x and y by applying Pythagoras Theorem

x2 + y 2 = 5 2

When x = 3, find y

x2 + y 2 = 52 ⇒ 33 + y 2 = 25 ⇒ y 2 = 16 ⇒ y = 4

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 Example 2 Solution

• Differentiating implicitly

d 2 2

d 2

x +y = 5
dt dt
dx dy dy x dx
2x + 2y = 0⇒ =−
dt dt dt y dt

• Substituting the known quantities and solve for what we want

to find.
dy x dx
= −
dx y dt
3 3
= − (1) = − m/s
4 4

Therefore the top of ladder slides down at rate of 0.75m/s.

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 Example 3

A water tank has a shape of an inverted cone with base radius 2m

and height 4m. If water is pumped into the tank at rate of 2m3 /min,
find the rate at which the water level is rising when the water is 3m
deep?

Cone Inverted Cone

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 Example 3 Solution

• Let V : volume of water

h: height of water
r: radius of water surface
dV
• Given: = 2m3 /s, r = 2m and h = 4m
dt
dh
• Find: when h = 3m
dt
• There is a simple connection between these two:

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 The two triangles shown on the picture above are similar.
r h h
= ⇒r= .
2 4 2
• Then
 2
1 2 1 h 1 3 dV 1 2
V = πr h = π h = πh ⇒ = πh
3 3 2 12 dh 4

• Thus we have
 
dV dV dh 1 2 dh
= = πh
dt dh dt 4 dt

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 • Substituting the known quantities and solve for what we want
to find.
 
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
 
1 2 dh dh 8
2 = π(3) ⇒ =
4 dt dt 9π
8
Therefore the water level rising at m/min=0.28m/min.
9π

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 Reading and Exercises

Refer to Anton-Bivens-Davis’ Calculus - Early Transcendental, 10th

Edition.

• READ and STUDY Section 3.4 of your textbook. MAKE some

notes as you go through the reading.

• Important Note: Although they are two different editions, the

exercises are identical in both books, as given below.

• Do Exercise Set 3.4:

Calculus Early Transcendental by Anton/Bivens/Davis
(10th Edition)
1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 25, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47
Calculus Early Transcendental by Anton/Bivens/Davis (9th
Edition)
1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 25, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47

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