Date: 20/02/20 Name: Romulo.

Tuiqalau
Week:3 Student ID:S11185205

Experiment 4 Experiments on Cooling

Aim
To study the rate of cooling liquids and use it:
 Verify the Newtons law of cooling and;
 Determine the specific heat of a liquid
Apparatus
 2 Calorimeters with lid and stirrer
 2 Thermometers
 2 Stopwatches
 Oil
 2 Electric hot plates
 2 x 500ml glass beakers
Method
As per lab manual pages 16-17

Introduction
Part A; Verification of the Newton’s Law of Cooling
Newton's Law of Cooling shows that the rate of change of the temperature of an object is
proportional to the change between its own temperature and the temperature of its surroundings .

This is given by
dQ  mcdT
Where the mass is m , the specific heat capacity is c and dT is the change in temperature of the
body
dQ
If the change in heat of a body occurs in a time dt, then the amount of heat loss is given by;
dt
dQ dT
=−mc
dt dt
(-) negative sign has been used to show the loss of heat.
Since the amount of heat loss dQ/dt is proportional to the rate of cooling dT/dt, we can verify
Newton’s law of cooling if we could show that
−dT
(T −T R )
dt

−dT
=k (T −T R )
dt

Where; T R is the room temperature T T R  is the additional temperature of the body over the
surrounding k is a constant of proportionality
Part B; Specific Heat of Liquid by the Method of Cooling
The amount of heat loss dQ/dt depends on the nature and the area of the surface and also upon the
excess temperature of the body over the surrounding. This means that if the same calorimeter is
used (nature and surface area remain the same), and when the excess temperature is constant, the
rate of loss of heat dQ/dt should be independent (i.e., the same) of the liquid (water or oil) inside
the calorimeter.
Suppose that cooling curves for water and other liquid (say oil) are measured using the same
calorimeter. The it follows from equation (1) that
¿ ¿)¿ = ¿ ¿ ¿
Where m w ,m c ,m 0are the masses of water, calorimeter and oil and c w ,c 0,c c

are the specific heat capacities of water, calorimeter and oil ¿ and ¿ are the rate of cooling at a
specific temperature.
 Results and Discussion

Room temperature (  R ) = 33  1°C

Table 1

Time(mins) T(°C)
0 80°C  1°C
1 78°C  1°C
2 77°C  1°C
3 76°C  1°C
4 75°C  1°C
5 74°C  1°C
6 73°C  1°C
7 72°C  1°C
8 71°C  1°C
9 70°C  1°C
10 69°C  1°C
11 68°C  1°C
12 67°C  1°C
13 66°C  1°C
14 65°C  1°C
15 64°C  1°C
16 63°C  1°C
17 62°C  1°C
18 61°C  1°C
19 60°C  1°C
20 59°C  1°C
21 58°C  1°C
22 57°C  1°C
23 56°C  1°C

Table 2

T° C (T −T R ) dT/dt (° C )
75 42° C  1°C -1.25
70 37° C  1°C -1.23
65 32° C  1°C -1.27
60 27° C  1°C -0.9
55 22° C 1°C -1
Table 3

Time(mins) T°C
1 78
2 77
3 76
4 75
5 74
6 73
7 72
8 71
9 70
10 70
11 69
12 68
13 67
14 66
15 65
16 64
17 63
18 62
19 62
20 61
21 60
22 59
23 59
24 58
25 57
26 57
27 56
28 55
29 55
30 54
31 53
32 52
33 51
34 51
35 50

Table 4

T° C (T −T R ) dT/dt
75 42° C  1°C -1.25
70 37° C  1°C -1.23
65 32° C  1°C -1.27
60 27° C  1°C -0.9
55 22° C 1°C -1
Calculations for:

Mass of water

Mass of calorimeter with water - Mass of calorimeter without water

238.67-159 = 79.67g

Mass of oil

Mass of calorimeter with oil - Mass of calorimeter without oil

242.89-178 = 64.89g

TEMPERATURE OF WATER VS TIME

90
80
70
60
TEMPERATURE

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
TIME

TEMPERATURE OF OIL VS TIME

90

80

70

60
TEMPERATURE

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
TIME
 (T-Tr) VS dT/dt Graph
0
20 25 30 35 40 45

-0.2

-0.4
dT/dt (°C/min)

-0.6

-0.8

-1

-1.2

-1.4
T-Tr (°C)
Conclusion

To conclude in this experiment we can say that the rate of loss of heat of water is proportional to the
rate of cooling as shown in the graphs, as the time increase the temperature decreases. Whereas for
oil as the time increases the temperature also decrease but does not drop constantly.

Reference

1. PH102 laboratory manual

2. www.ugrad.math.ubc.ca