Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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GENE.RAL- PlllN.'~~i>tiES
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. . )t·
I· . · .· •, H·defines crimes; treats ·.'It .·provides · .far· ttie . -$.)
of ,.'tt)eir.. nature, . and :. method . by.:.,' whfc/i' a' · ~,, .,
. .'.so~rces of Criminal'-Proce.du.re': . . . ·, provides ... for· 'their . person accused o'f a <t
· ·1 RulE!S 110 127 Qf the Revised Rules of Court as
. :.·:amended by AM No. 00.-5~03-SC;. . .
·2: · Revised .Guidehnes," for. Continuous .. TrJal .of
. ,. .
· punishment.: . ·.
..
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. .. · crime is· arrested,' tried,··
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• 'or punished. :.
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'. . . ·
· ". · ' ·
: ~~f·
·.: '·,
·.:~•
Criminal Cases .(A.fy'I.No. 15-06-10~SC:) . . .. i . . (RIANO, .supra.aft): ·, ·. · ~· · J~
3. 1987 Ccinstltution partlcularly those under rights . <·;:;
'of an accused under Article.. 111·-(Bill of-Rights); •. · · syst~~s··ot Ctimi"'aJ P;_roce'd':,!r{ .· · . . ·.·. . · jz-
4. Variousaots passed·by_ tt:ie legisl~tlir~.. 1!.ke .e.P. · .:1:. · la:iq~isi'torfal System ..··._, the :detection. -artd .' ,1
129, as an:i.e.r1d~s:Jby.R,A. No. 769.1; .. · .. .: . prosecution of crimes are.left to the ~riitii,itive.of ···,:-,.~
5, · :Civil -Code.of the .Philfppines (Arts, 32, 33, and officials· and..agents o{ the law. The-procedure is-··'~
. . 34 ); . '; . . . · . characterized by, secrecyand th~· judge;~is. not ..
6. ,-Presidential Decrees; ·.: · ":limited. to the evidence 'brought before him but
7. Executive Orders; and . . . 'could proceed wiH1::his o.wi1..inquiry.whtchIs ,ioi
8.' Decisions ofme Supreme Qourt .. · . _ contrcntauve :(4 HER~~RA; Re..medi?f Law ,
. ·. . . · . . ·... :. . · .; . . . · :.. · ,~r.:-.::r-,.,==-,,-=,;po~7J,p. 2)'{her~inafter4'HERRE,RAJ.: ,. · .. ,1 '_\
Crimin.al.Pr.ocedµre· .. ··· .. · . . . . · ~:--'-""· · 1[ J.,
·c.rimin'.3l'prQ9edL1[~ .treat~·oft.he serie~~roc~§~~s·\~ ·').\,~.cc.l,J;~a~B;.iaU.. ~dver.saria:I .. sy~'tem 7..,..~~
. · · ... .
-:-- : :J
: ... ·.. . - . ::·
by. wt.uch the cnmmal laws are ,e9fm~.e~1a!:\d;,-~~~~.:.., c.:6nt~mplate~ .of,~o: cpntenq1n~ parti~~ before .· '.'~
which the State pro~ecutes persc~p~~.~9~19tate:lhe... - ... · : ·'1ne~Yc:;ilui(~.ch .. IJears ·t~ern: 1r:i:ip!3rt1ally a!']d · ·.·,t,
penal. la'v'{_s (RIAN_Q, Crim/nalP~ce-e~4e.i2~),,,,p!"""""'~·,....,~~Cljet=t~.Mclgf1:1\..J;I~ after trial· (Qu.eto:v: C.atolico ·-t.
21) [her~inafterRIANOJ. J.4A .-J · .:r. ~"7,'f: . -w G.-R11 Nb~·\1:.1,.2152..04·arid L-2521~.:·Januai,y..23; . · j),:
."<'
J • ~:
· > ·.. .., .., · .:- //' ~v.1,,r. -· f., . . ).!" ;q~1;, Bl.\.' 1970). T.h'~p'prds;,e~ti~e-·is·.confronfatiye and the
As .applied to criminal law,. i:}Y9f~dur~l.-·L~·w,;provi.c!_~s·,/(,,,;.)~ .tri~.!.~ publi~ltJ,eld\~nd·ends with ·the magistrate . ~;{;
or re~ulates. th.e st~ps, bY,\ ~lo~+.one. Wnq fia~- 1f . . . .~ .
tend~.ring tll~.Y-~.m,ict(4 HER~f=R~; sqpraat 2): .. ':t
. cornm1tted.:a .. C(lrne JS .to :·~rr-f>t11Ji~he.d .·r1~~p'1~./'Ji.~~:: lt~ : j ':_ -~ V. j~_.. . ::"· . . -·:: · .': ,·:· ., . ·!
Lacson, <;,R ..IIJo. :1494.5~;.~P~i,:t;!.~0(!3) .. · l . ·· .fu \.ms.uwE'fl')ees~ence oftt~e--a · usatonal ·syster:n· tS-'that.the ,..
·l i.
:~. , : : ... · -. . ;t:-:~·i· .·.<.:J\> .
· .... Cr_imin~l la~~- Cn~i:i~r~rif.ce'~J:~~~·• ',~
- ·r ·;..
I
....;...;:.,.,_-e:'!?fil~!lf1!6-o/d«:f.]c5n~tr
ti~g guilt;··fall.s··qnJthe.
.l,1':~"Rr~se.e~~9:.·· ll'ie~.;~a~'dard·: lo: ':-sa~i~fy .. _' tl'ie ~
· ~ . "'\-,~P~~9,n~I}equ1rep~nt. of. the presum_p~to_n of '- f~
'
•' .. ,·.. . . . ·. . .. . :
~...lit.. . .·. judgment·· o°iily after. trial" (Afonte v; Savetla(l.b, ·Jr;,
G.f?. No: 131652, March:9, 199.BJ..
· . The court has· a: passive :f.be courts pl!3Y a .y~ry ·: ,··..
rote. and r,~lies l.a.n;ieJy:0.11. _a,9t!ye rol~·an.d.~r~ . not ·, · Requi~ements of:' ·.Pue·· Process'. :.1n ··:c.r.l!llhial
the,eY,)dence presented by ljm.1ted to.the ev1q.~nc_~· · P"roceedirigs: (J-PO~) · . · ·. . :·· · · . ",
.both sides to ttl~ ..actlorrin' pr¢i;;ente_<;J befq,r~ .!t._ , ·. · 1 :·: .Thi;lt the- court .. 6r.-.-triliunal_,trying:. the· ease. fa:
~.
order to reach'a verdict.
. . : ..... '• . -~ ··:,.. . . . . . .
. .. . ..
. ·::
. , . properly clotned .witn Jl!dicial-power'to hear ·and
. . . . : determine.the matter before it;,.::: ,··:···, .. · ~ : · .
-- . . .2. · ', Thaf ju~s~ic.tiq!'_1 ls.. lawfully .acquire·<;! by it· over ·
~~~§'.Ii~~~~ ·. ··' ~ .fhe-Person of the accused;· . · :-: .. · ·: .
. .'- '3. . Thaf. the -'accused· !~_.given ··QRport~friity' to· be ·
. no evidence which has net participate'li;;' ·: in · . ·. hearchirid · .. , · · · · .,r •
bbon formotly-of(o~cd.. · gcith~ring ~f. foct~v~nd. .. .. 4.: ·· that ]i.idgm,i3rit-is · rendere.d' ,oniy·: upo11'. bawfuJ
· /· · ,. · · . ·. . · ·evid,e11.ce. ·instead ·.·of . · ·: · ·.. ·hea'rin·g, (CONST. .Art.'.-111, 'Se.c. · 14;.Marquez· v. ·
·. ·. ·. ;11_1erely ·: : · .. passlvely , · . · Saridiganbayan; G.R: Nos. 1879.12~14, jflnqary.
. ·rece1ving .. _lnforrna~ion . 0. .··. 31';<._2011)~.. · · ::· . ··, · .... -: , ·· · '.:-'_>:· :.· · "
. ·.:.:. · - ,·: or ,,evidence .. frorn,·ttie· ,·;,, 1 -~:. . · • :--. : · . , ,. ,_: ·. · .. :~·
. . . . . · · . parties-: ·.· --1~·.
· · :: .' ·. t ./: \ ·criminal Jurisdiction · . . . ; .· .: · ·. ·. · .
. ·.. . ;... · · · . . · · . , ·.- ·. . . :;· r.. ·_H ·::. Jt·is. th(:i° authority .to hear and try a pat;tic_ular· offense
. (RIAJ\fO,.supra at 2). . . .·· . :' . ,,· ·. . : .. · >J l; ·.> /.L?P..'!._!mpose"t~e. punrshm~nt fqr it (Antlporda;·_Jr. v.
. , __ · ·. · ._-, . :: ·. · . .... · · .;,·' i".,.,. ·•. ~.. -G?.[,_Ql)itor.eha1.\ G.R.. No. 133289, December 23,
.3_. .- ~!~~d · ~rst~m. ~ _l.t-1s a coi:nb1nati~?.;,:o( toed H . 19Q9J:·-.L,.,,,.,.i\.· , . · ... : .· , . . _. ·
mciu1sftorfal an.d the ~ccusatqn~I ~y.~:fem_. Th:us,ft_.) • · . . : it·\\ · , · . ·. . . · ., . : ·_. . _.
the: :exar:ninallon of .. def~ndan(~. ~~d _oth~-~· -,{ .. Requisltei"'· 1p(-;_ a :V,alid Exef£!s.~. ·.-of .. Crimmc1I
. : per~oo~ . ..t?efore tt:i~· _f1!1_n~ -.qf.,t~~<:9otr1_Pl~~ot 1;>r r~/. ·Jurlsdictii:m~.(SiP-). ·. . ·. : : .. · .. · · ..
. l_nfo!'lllatlon ·_ .. !'Tia_y. _be 1n9,1:1_1!t~o.r1aLw~~~~. · IS .
.- _part1cularly-tru~-lCl.-!~e P,r~.1,~r1ary/;.X!3(!'mat.1o~i
:J?lJ.. -1 i Juri~/icti~n ~~~rt~~ §ubject matt~r; · . · . .
2.·, .. Jari¥-dictiin.ov~r.me Ierr_itofy where tt:ie ·f;nme
i
.
!
... .for the :Purpos~·-of 1s_su1n..g·9"VY...?..!l:a.1}~~9! alt_~~t; !-~-:1 · · w{!'iF,iffi]!];iitW:.cf::Jnd:: .. ·· · · ·.·.. ·. ., : ·· ·.· . · i
!
. u,t1per-_the. :1~a~_Rul_~S:?ri ~-':!liJi~a\~f~Qedu_rfe,}i, I'.~- . 3.- ··:hiti~~J.i~..Q!;9-Ve.1:" th~ .. _eer'sov- of· th.~ c,ac·~use'd_ !
it '!'. /.- . ·
. ·9riminat:act.io1\.ntay be. mstitute~H:iJ,.'90!:lJ)tla.mt
-th_e.off~nded Pll~ or by .lnf<;>rr:i~F~~ ~l~=,,by't.!i~ ... ·'JG- . .
Pro.secutor an9 pnce .the cnrnmal·;aoti9,l':l_).S file<;I :·' ·o.:.... :,,.•.r,._,.,_~, .... :
···(Cruz -v. · CA~ G:R: No .. 123~40; · August 29,
·2q02).. ·. :'. ·, ... ·. ·. . . . . _:; '•7 .... ·.
. ·.- · . · , ··:· · :·· :
. fn C6.uft, -.the c!Ccuse~ ~a.s. {he _rig_~;~)~::oo~p:0.~t,:=:'..'•".'·;·i,!;...-)Ju'risci'ic::.tion over"the· . .§.ubject·Ma~er. ·>.:· . ·
. ·.·· arid. cross,ex~mine, his.,a~cu~er,/,il"l'!e !fJl,~.d It is the· power to:hear and-.determitle· cases o(the .
. $ys~eni is- ·obseryed· iri -_the _Pl;l}\,P~~~~- .(4 · ·· g'eneral class ,to which th~ p_r:qcee.c!lngs ·In. que~tfon·
· HERRERA,siJP.~.a_t.4).. · . · . ." ·, "G:~-.....-., . ·, berong, and is .conferrecf.by.the'.sov·ereign ·authority
· · · ·· · ·· · · · ·. · · Which.:organi,?:es:-the:·court an~r defines its p~wers
·Ltberal lnte-~p;_~ta,tio.ri9f the R_ul'es .. · ,<. - : · .
(Rey~s · v. Diaz, G.R.. No.·. 4875_4, ·Nqve_mb.er 26,
Tl'!_e Ru{e~on:.o_ri{Tljr:iaJ-:Proce~ure ..being_pa~·o(.tp~ ·1_ -9_4·1).. · ._ ·. ·: . · · ·· ·., ••.
Rules of-Court. shall be "liberally construed· m._Qrder·
to p~orno.te their 'o_bjective· of. s.ecuring -a just, speedy Ho~, .Jurlsdfctiort'. ·over -the·. Subject:. Matter Is
and inexpensJve dispositi9n. ~f every action .a.rid
P.~?·c:~edi_ng''. (ROC,JWi..E1.,. Sec1,.6).. .' . ·. · .
c'tinterrec1·: .. :Jurisdiction' .1s· con'ferred.-··or:i1y by tn~ .
Coristitutio'r, or by.-law~··ju.risdiction over the 'subject
matter iii a. crimin·a, c-ase ·cal'lho~ be c·onfe,:red upon .
P~oce·d~i~1\r.t.i1~~ ;ay ··be ·rel.axE3d . tor· t_he '. .'mo;t -. the·.court .by the 'aocuse.d.;- bf· _expresS! waiver _or
petSl!aSiVe o_f'reasohs in order.to reliE!Ve.<;l ·Jitig_a.n.t Of. otherwise: since sµch'jurisdicti6n·is CQl')ferred'-by jhe
an _inlustic~.not comme~_:=,urate. "':it~ ~~e degree.,of his. . ~overeign authority. which organized ·t~e :i::ourl;-'and
· tho.oghtless'ness In not complying wlth.1he proc!;!d_urE;l_ fs .9iyen· ooly ·.·by law., :in· the· r:n~~ner: a.r1d torrn.
·pre_S.crjbed. T~~,rule. which .is~tes th~t-_the mist~kes prescribed :by law .(Foz,. Jr.. · v.-:_PS(?f:!le, No, G.R.
of co1;1i:i$el · bind . the ·client, .may ·not be' strictly . 1677~4. October_9; 2009}; ·: · · · . :- · .· .
followed where observance.of it .would result in the I •".,
outright deprivation ofthe client's iibe_rty or·ptoperty, . · How ·J!,Jrisdiction ·o~er. ·the: Subj~ct·: Matter-, ls
or where -the' interest. of justice so requires (Marlon . Deteimin·ed.:· In order to determine the·Jl!risdiction of
Gurainmeng y Pablo_ v.. ..People of the Philippines; the.- .court·, in ~criminal· cases, ... the Complaint or
G:R. No. 219510, November 14, 2016). · lhfortnation must '.be .examlneq :for, the purpose of
. ascertaining whetlier or not the facts. set out.ther~il')
~~=-~:-·c·-R-lM•:
. .-,-
A-- L INll!flE·-.I-
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c-- Eo-· -· i
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.
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• \ . ' .
a.EDAt..A~CfN:T:~LIZEDBAR OPERA
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Tl::;
.. • .
and the prescribed pedod -provlded. for ·by law are Ev~,:i ifthe·marital infidelity was committed VVhat :7f
:within the j1Jris.aiclion ofthe court, .and where the said R.~. .: No. 9262 .crlmtnalizes is not the marital ·/~
lnf9rmiit(onor Complaint. is filed. It ls settled .that the irifide_lity .per se .but .the . psychological yi_olen9E! j
·. jurisdiction ·of the ... court iri criminal cases is · eausirig mental or emotional ·suff~ri_ng on the Wife .... :~1~
or ·
determlneo by the allegatic;ms of.the Complaint
Jnformatlbn and notby the finqings based' on· the
evidence of the court after trial (M_obilia Products v.
M~rifal. infidelity-~s· 'cited in the law is only one of .
the..various acts by which psycholoqical violence.·
may be committed. Tlius, the mental or emotional ·H
::r~it
Umezewe, .G.R. "{'o. 149~57, lvfarch-4, 2(}_05): .. · _suffe.rlng ,ct
tn1f vjctin:,. !s.~ri essential ·and clistinJ:( .·';f~
• • • r ·element rn the comm1$s1on of the ·offense. It is· · {1
Statute "Applic~ble to' aCrlmina! Acticin necessary: ... for- Philippine courts. 'Jo have ·.:-?:i
.Jurlsdlction over the subject matter is· determined ·by. .\jurisdictiqri •. when the abusive. 'conduct or. ad of • ~t?-
t~e statutein force et the time of the <;omme'!teme_nt: violerice. under sectton 5 (I): of R.A No.· 9_262 in J
of the action (Dela·cruz v, Moya, G.R:·No.L-65192,
1988j'ana · · -·
April 21;0
not at thetimeof its comrnissien relatlori; to .Sec, .3-.(a),. Par -, · {C) was· committed ;i
· · - even if the .. penalty·t.hat ·m·ay. be Jm.posed·afthe time: outside· Phi.lipj:)ine tei'rit0ry; -that .the victim be. .a ·..'y-
.-. ofits. commission is less and does notfalJ ·under'the · resident.of the place where th_e· C9mplairit is filed -:·:J
court's jurisdictio'r:i (P.eople v.·Lagon, G:R~ ·No.458f5, · . in ViE!W of.
~h-~: anguish ~uffered l;ieing ·a. mateJial.
lvfay ia, 19~0). · . ·.- .". · . ·. : · . . . . elenien_t of. the.offense (AAA vs: ~1;38; .G.R, No, ·'!:
:· . . . .. . , .. _ . . . . ·... _ _ ~~~~ 214ff,~anu~ry 1.1, 2018).: . .. . . · 1,
Juri~i:fiction !'iot_. Det~rminc;!~. ~y J~P-9"t_able._lfLJ·. ;;; ~",·· .•. ·. _. ·. · · · · .. · .. · · ._u
. Penalty, l;>u~ by·the Penalty presc~,b~tf''tiy U~: ·. ·' · P.i[J~ri~g1~b.<?n over.the _eersQn__o:fthe Accu~ed _.';/
· '!n._ c~!m.inal p_rosecution_s, i~ is Sj~~-f''l~,J~~~-::,,.:,,,,~t~tquire_d~~ · · · ... .; ·· ~ ·' . ·. · · .'f'
JUf!Sd1ct1on,pf· the court 1s oot d~t6~-!ne~~at· . . 1. "'l!!Qoi'i-l'iis.,.J!\~t(Va/depenas_v.People'. G.R. t:Jo. · :}
f!lBY be meted ~ut, to._the of(end,r afte'{J!~91f.9[~v.e~~~;."-4~D'q~,,_,~P"ri!"-'{P, 1966); b·r . . . · : -· .•
by the result of the evidence th~l~91cJ~d·9·epre~entq~ . 1f · -b Upqi;i ~s,.,~pqtary · submission· (layosa v.. :;
at t~e .trial, but t,y tl)e extent ofthe~l'3~}1~1ty-r,hi_ch·~lie .. :ff.,~ .'-(. Raa'i_i{}Ue\, t.G.R. »\No_.L-46080, · ·Novemb.er 10,
law 1n:iposes·tor the misdem~anor, c~1me ogviol~t1on .' . 19~S). :. · \ (_f) ~ . . . · ,.' · .
. · charg~d in the Corriplaint (R~_tpJJt1flPur-fs1('1,a;-G":R':"'" ~..,.-:--~-~ . . ~ ,--= ,, . . .' . ·.; ..
. . Ne.· f...-4090?, February ·1a; f9'1~}.( jl . .. · i' · ~.'.t1""-;, . r...-:-Eff'J!et of VolunJary A.:ppearance 9f the ~ccu~ed
.· . ·. ·.; :- . . . ft' __;;_"'l_it° _ . :\_ fu~~~n~ral:Rule3:~~eki1~Ja".i':m~ti~e_tefiefis de_emed
·. · B: Ju!1s91ct,ioi:, ... ov.er_ · the,. ~r:Qtoryiw ~!..!:;..the~...-.:t9 ~/~1s~on _tp Jfi.e J.1:1ns91cU.on.. of ·(he co~rt.
· · ~tune was Comm_1tted~ ~ ~ \ · ~~-' .· · If,"! Ei~e vo~~Q!:~fy ~p~1ss1on'-may ~ ·effected by- fihng ·}
Ge·neral Rule: It ·'is a fun~a«;ie(ifa.J :i:u ~i }\_fo@~~ .,1&!-W.,:i_t~6!iOITf.lO.j:(aasn'(z1ppearing .for_ arr-aignment, · ~
Jurisdiction · to be acquired ·\y coui\ts in~ ·~inli'la~ · ,:,)P,Ptti6iMt1rig·j.fthe tria( .or t:iy giving· b!:iil (Miraf)da v. '. J
·. cas.es, "the. offens_e ·Should. !,av~... been 'bi~·m'lt~~.- ,./~tf!!~(G.~1\Jp.: 1o~:'f63, March_ .31, · 2_0~6).". · · . ; . : 'A~
. . ar:ix of :it~ .e:>senti_al :in!;Jr.edients· ta.~k place\~lth'.Q.$,le·~ l";}. ..;..JT'.·: . . ,(. . . . . . . . . . . ·. - . 'i,
,; !er!1t~n~I . !uris~1~.t1or · ._of .th~ ··:tf,~rt. ;,T~1.\~r1ciJ~::;:_....:-E~~f.~tl,~r~,t_'~Jp53ti~I · app~arance ..:: Pi~a~in·gs or Ji_'
JUnSd1~t10~ I~ q(!m.1~~1 cases IS- the;teh:~Q~_!!-'Rj31j\V,-~·-,-:.~·:ff!_~1!.q~·f\'f".'_9~1,J't>ecifjcally. pray ror the a~Oldance ?f . >! ·
· .court lias Junsd1.c~1on to· t~ke cog~1zanc~~ t?,Jfy,tth~ · i\ ,f [!ti~,;~{1sgi_w1.on·9f ~e- CO\Jrt. These J~leaq1n9s -~re, in .
. offens.~ alleQedly c.omm1tted· by· the. accu~~"·iQ~v,-. ..J..V.ilcr,1m11'l?)l;cases,mot1ons,to·quash ·a Complaint on. the
·CA, G.R Np. 119000/.J.ufy-28, 1997) ... ·' .. ~==.~dof la~k of jurisdictiqn over the.person·.ofthe ,
. . ·ao.cused and ll!Oti_onS. to quash a warrant° of ·a.rrest .. \.;:,
:ex~eptions: S~ctioi:,'g'·of RA.·No, 8042·.(Mi~raat · ·,·· ·{Mir~hda V; Tu[iao, <;;.R, No. 15fJi63, .March ·31, ·.:...
·workefs.Ac.t of.19f}5) provides that·a·crimirial action '?006)(' · -· · · · · . . ·~
. clriSing ·from Jlleg·al ~~cruitm~nt shalJ b~ .fil~d With the .'. ·. . . : : .. ..· . . ..'· ~ . . · :.· · . : · . · . {,
. RTC of the.' province or city where the." offense was . · ·. N'ote; While custddy ofthe law is required for a court 1-·
:: committed' or-· where· tti~- offende.d party actually ..... 'to"act ~po11_a bl;lil aP.pllcati9n;"it is not"req(i)red for-the.·· .;
. resides at the time. of the commission of the offense.. adjudlca~on of· oth~r.·reliefs. (e.g., mption to· quash ··'i
· 'Indeed; Se.ction 1.5 (a): Rufe' f10 o(th·e .ROC allow~' .. lnfcirjlicition) wherEi the mere·-application .constitutes .-;
. exceptloi-is · prov{cfe.d. by (aws . .Thus: · S~ction.":1-9. .· a·. ~ubm1ssion· of . one's. person · to: the <,aurt's .:5
· Place. where action i's to·be3.institutet;l. e-:- (aVS1,1bject juristjiction ·.(David. v.· Agbay, G.R. No. 199113, ~;>
· !o existing laws, x~x.:·, · · . · Marc.h-~, -~015)." · ·. · . · .. · ·· -~· ·
-
SA_NBE.DA I.AW CENTRALIZED.('AR.OPERATIONS- MEMORY.AID w19
w ma 114 rltw
. charged may .be raised ·or-·consic!ered. motu proprlo
· by the court-at an_y· stage .of the proceeding~ or· qri
. appeal (Foz,· Jr. v. People, G.R. Nd. · 16.7764; ·· .
· Octobei-.9, 2909). · · ·
, ·. · ' '
s~p~at.4) .. '. ·
•
· .. .. · ' ,,-(lJ!',-C-~'!!) t.8,
..... -~:{.:.:~~;} .. ·, _) ..
. . . . ~ (.;,_ 1~J . · _-
rg
1· ·• .·· .""-!·I!/
'Howe~e·r.·1~:;~p~~me
,--!" . . ...
.. C~u~·~1arjf!e·~.ih~f·esto~p~I :
J. ~;~i\~f;Jr.~~~S may· b~ 1r:,vo~e~ !O. b~r the ISS';Je .Qf Ii=!~~ Of . . . . .
Principle of Adherence.of Jurisdicttcif¥"',·. r.:.':J::~tll..'. :'.)~fl!C!!~!'.'.::?nly m c~ses. .!n wh1~h th~ factu~l -rn1!1eu · ...
On9Ei, !=!. _cour1. · h~~-.. :aqq~ired. ju~i~_<;:!Jc.ti~n(_;~~na.t. ·· 1s.an_?'l~gous to th~t m Tyam. In su~li,cor.i~r~vers1e~,
j4risdiction..contipu~s. yntlt.the_ coµrt l)'~s,~g11~/~l't~at.. · (~<:he~. ~-hould be clearly present that,1s, 1.a_ck ~f
.it.can_.(:io in •the e~ereise of;"thatJuTi.~diqtloA,{R/'ANO,- . . Jutisd1ct1or, must h_ave ~een r~ls~~-.so ~elated!Y· ;:is _tp .
supra at 30). · · . . :· : · · . :. . · .'. : warra_nt:the p~esumpt,on that· (,he_ party ent1tl_ed .!o- · .
. · : -·· ·. ·... · ... · · . . · -··: .· .· · , · · . assert71t t:iad at,,-andoned· or ·declined to assert,.rt" ··.
G.eri~~c1I.Riile:(Tt)e_ ju.ri~di~Jio~'.o~c.e: ve~te~; _cann·ot · (F.iguer.oa v. .Pe_opie,. G.R. No. 147. 406, . July ;f 4, . .. ,
be withdrawn or defeated by: · · :, . . · :· ,. . · . 2008). · . · -
1. ·A subs~quent a.rn~ndmen(-of the')nfor,nati.ori · · · , · . .-.
(Fieopf.e .•/ chupeco;- G.R. ,,No: ·L-f!156~;-'Match_ . The' op·erati6n -of' the principle of·estoppef on ,the·· .. ·
31, 1964).; or ... :· . · : . ·. ·· . quesl.i<;>(l ·of .jutisdiction · seemingly depends :upon·
2. A new:' iaw. ame~dirig .the ·n.fles .of ju~isdicticin· whether ·the.lower. court actually. had jurisdictipn or·:
·(Rillor.aza v. Ar.ciaga,.G.R, . .No. L'-23848,.0ctober ·. no1;··1f it .h.ad·n6 jurj~diction; buHhe ~se was .fi-iecf ,:
~~.1_; J967J:..:- · ·· · ·· · ·· · • · · and.decided u~n the;theory.t~aqt,had juri~_diction,. · ··
-· . .. ·:the p'arties ~re not barr~d. on appeal; fron:i assailing_
. E>c'<sl:)ptions; . . . sue!) jurisdiction •. for the.. "s:ame. ~IT]u'St. exist·.··as ·a .
1 ." . wli~n · ther(;l \s . an· expr.~ss 'pro:v,isibri ·,n. the matter.of ·law, and may not ·be conferred.by.consent.
.' statu~e; :or·· .. · . : . . : . . . . : , _ .· : · , · ot'the parties or by· estoppel." t-f9.wever.if tl)e,.lower
2. ·:Wben. the ·~t~tute is _clea~ly-intend~d _t~r.apply. to·. cqurt had jt1risdiction, · and the case. was he,;1rd ,rnd
. ac~iens ·pendihg,before.its -enact!Tient_.(People v.· :· decided upon ·a given .theory, such, toi: h1_stance, ii:IS
. · Caw{'lfing, ~-R /'y/o •. 1f7970, July 2_8,'·_19!}__8).: ·that the court ·had -no ·juris'diction,~ the_, party who
pbjectlons. to Jurisdictl.pn . . . ·. . ·... . .. ind4ced·.11 to,adopl such theory will not l;>e pet!Tlitted,·
GeheraL Rule·:· Afr object1o·n based on ·uie· ground on app!:)al, ·to· assume a,n_incdnsis.t~nt positiOf1-:-. that
·that the: coµrt lacks jurlsdictlo~ ove·r tbe off~ns.e· 'the ·10we~ gourt l')ad jurisdiction {Magno, V.. People,·
.·G,R. No. 171512, April e6, 20·11). ·
. . "' . \. .
2019 SAN.B!=DA LAW CENTRA~IZED ~AR-OPERATIONS 529 ,
. C':RfMlNAL. PROCEDU·:R··E
. . m,1&Mi&:R~Mt#q&it«M~AN.Bt:0~1'.::~CE~;1;::;:::ERATIONS ~.·::~:s::..:01? . : AMPM;M n;;;;;;A,1'·~9"*11*'GJ\t
CrJml~·al ,!u~ls.di~tl?n1of Tria'I Courts . . .. . II. ··Criminal·.,ltir.isdicti<;>,:'t of. Re9iona.l. Tnlal Co1,1rt· .';?;
I. . Criminal Juri.sdlction ·of :the Municlp.al . .Trial
· · · .: . ·.c.ou.rt (MTC); .Metr.opolitan Trial . ¢0.u'rt
(Not Ex;·> 6yrs;; >4i000php; AS-GECoS)" · · '.
· · ·· : · . · :·
:t
..,.
: .. (MeTC), and Municipal Circuit 'Trial Court· 1. :ov~;· ~1Ycrf~i~~1·,y?s~s·N9t ~itl:iin'the Exclusive:.-'~~
:- . (M CTC) · . · · · . · · . j~risdictio~ of a~Y_"cpi.u't. t9b~nal of_ ~oc!y,- 0?(<,epr-';.J~·
. · . ·. , . . · ,. . .. . · ·· ' those· now ·:fa1hng'. under tne: exeluslva alid·.: ·i·
• -r : Except' in· c~ses ··falli~g. within"th~ exclusive origln~I ~oncurrent-jurisdictio.n of -the $.anc/iga.nbay~n; · ··: \i{
Jurisdict'ion ·of. RegJ~mar _Tria.1 -Courts and. of the. 2:- .Ov¢r offenses punishable with. ,im.prisonmenr:. "·;
Sandlganbayan, <the ... MTC ·. shall · 'exercise the · · exqeeding.~ rears;, . : · · . · · · : · · . ·., · '.::
· folfov,iihg criminal jurisdiction: (<or=. 6y'i's; <'o.r = 3'. ,W.here the.onlypenalty.providedtor l;>y law is.a·:~t~
. · 4,00_0php; DB-GoS). . . · . . . . . · . · .. . fine, over offenses punishable witn 'a .fine·n:io're.. ~c-
. i: "Over'. offenses. 'punishable. 'with lrnprlsonment · .,.. '<than P4,000; .. ,. ;: :. ' · · -· ·.. . .... : .' · · ·.:>:'
' . . . :n~t ·.exceedin'g ': 6 · "ye~rs. irrespective of the . 4: · ~ppel!ate Juris~lic~on 9ver .i;ill .cases decided by-:.-:t~
. · '. . amount. or'· fi.rl~'.°'. and regar~:Hess of · other' . . . Metropolftarr Tr:ia{ Courts.Municipal Trial Courts,., .:t:
:·... · impo~·able . ·aqc~?s91y · o'r-"· . ott(er· ·p~·nalties, .· · .anc;i M0nic1pal·. Clrcu,it· Tr.ial: 9ourts 'l°n ·.their .. ·.:.}
. · including ·"the. civil' liability aris.ing from. sucli . ·· ·:re~pective.t~rrHo'ri~I iwisdictiqn$;. . ":.. · .· ·:·:}t
.'. · offenses or pre~'icafed' itie,reon, ·irrespectiye. of · 5.. ·Ov~r- criiningi · ¢.ase$._·und.e~~Specific ·1aw~ ·sud,. ',:\
·. kind: natl,l,re; vakie, or~niount thereof; .·. . . : as:... . . ·, . .' : . ·. ·-· .· · .... : ,'. ·.·. . . ·-:·$
· · 2.' · V\fh.~re the cmly perfalty proyided for by la'w'is,9_......,,....=:==~-...,a.· . .1...if?el. .ca~e$: e,ven,J'10LJ_g!'l _p.ur,ii';habl~ .·b.y·. _
. ~rje·, over_ e>ffe~s.e~ P.i.Jnisnable witti ~ flo~fffot·"ti. l 1i, ,··~""'-·R..fisio1 ~or~e9cfona_f... (Rf!_Y!SED_·.·PENA}..-,.~;
· ,, mc:ire than._P_4,000;_ . ·. . ./.: ·r~,.. .t;J .l ~-. · ,{ CjPQ.~. /l.rt.·:36Q;.-Peop/e v. -Edr;arte, G.R .. ;~:-
. 3 .. 1: ~!fe'.nses.in_v?lving ?ama_ge~6 ~i@.~~;l~Q.:-., . , -="'~\ 4 · lf!~~~2,'fe~,:ilaiy?6, .1?90);: .· . . ... ~:
... cnmlnal. n~!1genc::e, l(· -~ ,.
... .. m,~V,lolat.1e95:;,of.R.A.No. 916;i. . . . . ,,,,
·4. ·.·sP.~?.i,;ilil::!_ri~dicilon tq_ d,eci~ff.~n..~P.]js:~.ti~~frir7·-:""'."·"'(;G_l?TJ:i}re1J,'efsil/e, Dang~,:oys_:Dn:1gs-Ac(ol ··-~
¥.
!!a1.I m criminal cases m t~~;J:>.sep.ce all_ tl.,f:, . f~ ·s::".< 't?OO~;,,,a~l!)·'::\,. · .: .. . ..... '-- . . · · · . :'s1lii
...... · 'Regional Trial' Judg_es-in fpro{/i~pe or g::ity; iF. ,.(1.\. l.~t c_, . fiola.!w.~·ofJnt~(l!fotu~Ipr5>perty righ~s;(A:M_. . ]~
. s.·. 9r1der f:>.D'. _N~. 1606 a.~,~~en~,e-d bylR.A.·NO: • ·-,. -"-~--· ~o .. o~;P.@}~a,~~mplem~n~,,ng:~he. /n_t~_lle~tua/ ::;.1:
· . 8?,19,th_e·crrminal.cases;of,~.'f r ' .
·.' ·· : ,f_ro_pe,1:1z~f!..fJ··1tth.e.Ph(/1ppmes);_.,: . · {,1
~~·~r:~~~
11r_ •
. . . !:!· ·. .§E'.v_e~nm_en_t.offl~ia~~El,.eurri_P~~~~.i.s,; ·. ~~~~~~f;P-0.. ~~-.-1~!;)p,.0as -~.OJ~!1?e_d.~~-.~:~-.No.. J
b.. ~~-e:-e . tt:ie_... 1m~~~b1~ . pen~lty , . -l~~~'.•Vi'W ·'>, 8~~.ft· t~e .9fl,~JAa~1~se~.9.~. , . . , . .. , ... >.· .. "'¥<
.· .: 1mpn&or.in;ient,q_f 6 \Ye~r.~~r_ l~~\!~n~ 1s ·:::,....-,.:: .a. /~}lrn~ent ?i~f)c!l.fs·f1~d _emRlpy.ees;· . : . _.·.
-P4,000; and .. .i .,.. 1r--...i i ~>"~'\ . """ .11 ;.,~ ~./~~-!).ereJ.,t.4b&·,tl'.:1r:n,posable penalty . _1s ::i, J
I·
t. , Qfficer. charged·, does41ot\!all ..~~~!.~~th~ }('l},;" l'i{~~i p~sgnrne0 .9f rw:lr_e·than' 6 years o:r fi~e is, ). !
jur(~di~tiO[] -0f..tt,e· Saitpiganba.ra'! ~-~h .e,_ ~~ .....~.: orejhan P.1}000; ·and . . . . " ·: ,. I
~- s~l~ry~. Is . bel<?,W -gra_d~ ?7 _anchi,.r\Ot .aV1'·,.• g"<"",:.<'"~!"G ?ffls?~r .~h~rg~d . does .. not· fall . on~er -t~e-- .:;..
. .. . .. :. ..those .enumer~te.d .rn _?i~,?t1on 4~.D.. . __~®z ·::-~ ~1'\. t">,·., g.,,n~~,1~t)~~fr~-~tha:.~?ntt,~?IJ!J.frl:!!1,or. whos_e .:.~t,
_ , . 1606, as amended;. . ~ ·: : . 1·..~,~~ t. _N
· 0; §.ummarY. procedure .. i~ _the. feU!?,v(iri~1o,a.,~·es~~"'=-'"""~-··
-::::~-:-s_ 9t~ -\~b~lpllf. gr,~<'l:~. ~7 an~. riot ,i,i'rnon~ .. ~,.:::·
,.·f~\hg~~~.nJ,lr:neratea;.il) .s~ct!~ri 4,. P_:o:.:·No._.:-Y
!BO~T): \. . . · .. . ... "\'-'.--:- t,r;-. . 1( ,1. ;\ ~\ )>:1:953.~.as·a.~e.~ded_;. ·:·.- ··:. · 1 :· . .' · .. '.. . : :· ~
. a. ~P.)31g. ~2-c9ses (A.M, No·. oo.~1~0:1.-:;t,P); .1·'i ..tlrt}§.Je-clion·-offenses;.· . · : · ,· . ·. - · · · .-.._
:'_b.. Violati¢i:ts of ml!nicip_al or City Q~dinc=ir:ices7_'=:::L.~~-:--,Co!Jrt M_arti.al_Case~,EXCEPTwhen ~'e offense.· .Jl
· c. . VioJatioR~ of \he ·_a~rital _lav.t: • ·. . . · .'.: ...is, ·:se(v.ic.e.-.orie.ntf!<!,. it. ~I!. then. ·b~)rjed .. by t.h~ ·:.. i'j
d, All .other crirnin!:11. ~ses w,here the penalty court martial, -PROVIPED:::Yl)~. Pre~id.,ent n:iay, .::;1i·
prescribed by law for the offel'.lse charged is· Jn :the.interest of.ju,~ticfi;·order' or .cji_r~qt. at any Yt
. ·lp:iprjsol}men~ not· exceeding 6 montt)~. o~ a ..time befqre .a.~raig·nm.ent-.that ?!1Y such crimes o~ . \J.)
, .. fine . ·not-: ·. e~c~eding·. F?},oo·o •. -. or both, .. qfferses be tried.by the,-pro~r·civil ~ourts (RA · )t
-Jrrespectiye ·.of;oth¢r, jmpossible· .penalties; · N/>,7055.- SftJ,A);' an~,; . ~- .. : .· ... :: . . . . .· .... :<!§.
.acces~ory or .otherwis.e; or.6f tne civil' liability : 9... Offenses ¢ognizc!.!>1~ by: ·the §.an~ig~nbayan ··. · \'c
.~risiJ.lg th,~refrqm~·or in off~nse& involvi119 where the !t,fcirrriatiom· ... · · .. ··.·:·.' ·. :. : .:;
::".oqmage t~· -P.roperty ·thr9ugh. · .. criminc:)I a .. Does· riot ~Hege·,.ai)y: .. d:amage_ to jhe ·f
• · :.' -n~glige.nce ·where:tl:le irnpcisa6.Je··firJ.e.does govermn~nt or any bribery; or: .. ·.-· · · ·. · . -..13!.
· . not. expeed P.10,ocm .. oo. (1991 .Revised · b:· All.eQecL damage ·to the. .g'oiternm~iJt. or~/,;'
. 'Rules·qn Summa_ry Procequre)i and · ·. bribery arising·. frqrn_ the· same. 9r :cloself. ·t1
·: ~· .. \(iol~tioos . <?f · traffic laws,· J~les · ano . related· transactlons:_oi' acts ih an. ·amoun.t )t
· ri3gulations,,. ·NOT exceeding· _P1 .milll.o':).JR:A... No.. 10660. ·'.·-:
· · . : · Se.c. ·4). ,. ·· · -: • : · •·
'
.......
·.··
I
~w.Wisdict,~n. ·Bu ,i-t:te:, iourt. which. firsI ... a~qmres -.-~.
l
· · ·· - -.· ';. ·. ~ · -ii-1
Exceptio~s: .... ·. · · . ~ 1:( 1, , ~~juris~.!£.t'i~1_ii;)xcl,des ,~~ti··~!h~r~courts (PA'MARAN,. .'1~
1. Electi~n offenses - !l·LS·f!ih R jO~J~at:~;;., ",Jl~- ·
ev1s,~~~F,J.'ifles4o(~fr.uplnal Prqcedure .-~nnotate_d.. ~1·
.Court_,~hat .ha$· jurisdic 'orf\Jvio:·i.@.~· ~r ~ · ·K~~J1cli2~-2)f.llereinM~r,P~_MARANJ.··
:COmff!itled·pypublicoffic"irsclassj,fied,a'&,Graf#- . ~ ... ~v- f.:· .. :.f.· ·.· ' . ·.
• ·. >-{
'J !
· 27 and' h1ghet.. and in\· 'tela.pon ~o~eir-~ffl~:..v/~~r.ii:ne!J,1f>uni.sh~le·:by D_estierro· .. , · ·. · · · : ·. -~,,
. (OMNIBU$ f=t;EC'TIONCO/:J.~,·Sec. 2~8)•. Sc-EN~:~~,r.~ .\~e'"imposat6(~.p~na_lt;, _is. destierro;.the._c~se )~
2·., ·.C.01:1rt•ltlf11',tial.c~ses.'-:- Qffen~s,.c~p':11tt~1i~f~Jli;:~ff'im\lJ:lt~~€fu~1~e.-1unsd1c.tion~f th~ Munic1pa1 ·:·i\J
· : ..m~mbers ·.9f tlie ,Armed.·. Forc~--.;~t:f.1@r-==:;~"fr.!..a"(~u9':.4<;.0n~l.d_ermg· that' in the .tuerarchy ·of._;!.
person.s s.LJ1:>jec~ to ·n:ii(itary_law are'Cog_pi:za01f _by ·
. c9urt martial. 1f· such offens!:3s ar.e-~1.·se.Q1J£~,. K ._CQ,(}.rt;:,Jtfes~1e~ro
1vr
jEl-~~a~_ieS~.J:l~d~rArticle. !1 of th~. f{evJsed . f?.enal ~~
f~l.lows arresto m_ayor.(P~ple y. ··:,'.{
connected"as expressly enumere:1te9 in R.A. Ncr.----~,:--·§luwte._ Q.R. N.a: 88232,. Fe,bruary 26; · 1.990), ' :·: If
7055' · ... ,.. · .. · · . : .. i ,·· .: '· . · .','.,!.
.. . .. . .. · ·.·• .. -Note::: Where -th~~ offense -'.ct:iarg~d--.i~'., ~i*tlin. its: :;j
· · v.· . Criminal. ,J~risdi~tion · ~f. the.· .C,ourt' :of Tax . : exclusive· com_petenae, ·-by feaso,:i ,Qf. tne. ·pen~lty.\°t·
Ap~e.al~.{CTA) ·· · · · · · . . prescribed ·rthe·refor •. ;:m;: infeoor· :-:co.l.lrt· .l>h~ll ha\ie<Ji
jurisdlct)Qn lo try and decide the_case.irrespectiv.e of. :t~
1 ; .i~;i~r~~i~e:' ~rlgirial .j~·ri~diotiqn' ·o.v~r ~11~ . ~iimirial th·~ ki~d ·.aAd nature. otJ~~ .civil :l_iabiljty a~isin~ · frorr,_ -:f:
. . of.fen'ses·ar.isin.g·frorn viol$tion::; of.the· National the said: ciffeJ'!Se: · · : . · ·· .; .. · · ( ·. · ·· · . · ·)1'
. . h1tefna1 R~v«;rnuei ·Code ·(J\IIRC) or.. "[:ariff-.. ario. • • , ••• •• ., • • r.{
, Customs ·cod~ and _9ther laws admiristered by .··. . The addjtional.p.~~.~!IYfor h~bitu.~ideiinq~e~<?Yis no(
the BIR orthe 91,.lre.au.of c·ustoms. ' . .r·. · · . consider~d i11 de.terminingjLlri~dfction :because. such·· ·::'
tt-
··. 2. Offenses where the pr.inci'pai<~mou.nt of taxes deli_nquency.is .nof i:1 cri~e (4· HERRERA~·.supra ar:..Yj-1.
and fees·. exelu.s.ive of'i::na.rges;-aiid peoalties,
claimed:.ls l~ss -than P1 ;ooo;bbO;QO; where tr,ere-
19). ...... . . . . ,I°· .• •· ••• •.• : ·. . .-:1
is· no specified amou·nt ·Cl~i!l).ed, it ,Sha!) be. triec;l
. by'_ the' reguJar coui:t& and: the jurisdiction ofthe
· : CTA shall be appe/Jate;.and-· ·. · ·
. ··.~ .;~
. 3. Exclusive . appe_llate j!,lris~iction · i~ criminal' ' .· •.~
offenses:· · ·, '.'2·
· :J
. .. ·~· •
. .:J
~
532 .j- 2019 SAN BEDA_LAW Cl=_NTRALIZ~Q BAR OPERATI_ONS
·-}
l
CRl·,M:I.N.A·L ·PROCE:ou·.R.E·
SAN .BEDA IAW CE/:ITRALIZED BAFf OPERAT,l(!NS - MEMORY AID.2019 · · ' •
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.
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(~rcoolifs:f_oF"f}lA':&>urt'~
nu,n~er of ~op1gis as.there are a_ccused plu!> two.
.·.
........(....,... "' ....,.~ .
files.-lfth!~.requirem·ent
.. ·
'.is l)Ot-.\:@!iip.ljed .With-within "five. (.5,. days :from
t .
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s·y,fiii~9··
the. :cb~pia·i.rit .wit!) th~· ~ptoper. officer*' •
. . fpr ··the,- Pl!rpose' -Of GOAdu_~ting. the. requi,site . 'Gen~ra~i'. .~a·r~. ·:
,-:ihe N.a· s~.6~··?ffe9J ..
. ~ . . . . . .
· . ·prelj_min~ry.inve~tigation: · · · ·fµnriirig · of ·, the > · · · · .. : :
·preicriptive' pe'r-iod of the .
· · · Pi:eum:1n~ry i~v~~tigation .i.s requir~,1-iorotten;es (?ffense. ·... · .'., ·.- , ~·
whe're the penalty prescribed b.y law is 'at least 4
.year,s, . 2: ."months ··an'd 1' . .day (or'· prfsion
c,orreccfonal: In · ~ts ··medium:· period) . -without· .
(RIANO~ ~up;a !iJf:55).'. ...
. . :. . . . ·, .
' .
. regard to line· (ROC;iRULE 112, S~c. 1, pa,r. -2). Effect .of' ~nstltutlon of· the Critnlnal·:Actlori· on
... # • • • ~. •• '
Prescriptive '1>.erlod:. It ·interrupts. the rurinil')'g :of·the
. 'The ·t.erm. ".proper· Qfflcer".' refers officers to period Of prescription. Of the··:offens~ charg~ un(('JSS
autt)odz.ed to cpnduct tt:ie· .requisite preliminary · otherwise.provided by s·pecial laws (Fra_nciscoIi: CA ·
L-45674; May·So: 1983). · · . •, ....
. in'vestigation (Contreras ·v. Judge ··Mqnserate,
. .t . • . . . . .
. .,
.7. Ask f~r a .§.peciai""Prosecutor (Hoey v.· Provincial i.he People of the Philippines is. the· r~~l'ciffended
· · FiscfJfof"Riiaf;,G.R. Nos: L-61323,,24, June·29; party but since ,the crime ls alsoan -outraqe ~gainst
·. 1984). . . . . . . the offended party, he is ·entitled to intervene IA its
prosecution ln . cases where ttie' civil :·action' 'Is .:
·. -Isauance ', of ·Injunction to . Restrain' · Criminal impliedly institute.d .theretn.. _How~ver;· when-. the .
. Prosecution · . · · · . • .. .. .· . crirhin~1 · action · is .instituted- in · 'the- name ·.of the· ..
, General Rule: Criminal prosecutions ·mayr.NOT be offended partymotPeople of the.Philippines),"-the '··
restrained or- stayed by injuhi::tior:i~'preliminary. or . de_fect.is merely .·of. form .and may .. be cured. by" _.
·· flnal. ThE? reason.belnq, publlc interest requires-that amendment ·.(Rica"rze · .v;; CA,·. G.R. · No: 160451,· ·
criminal. acts", be lmmedlately ·. investigated: ·and February 9, 2007).· ·· ·
prosecuted for. theprotection ·o.tsociety (People v.
"Grey, G·.R.'No:.J80109,:.'J.uly 26, 201oj.' · .. SECTION·3. COMP:_l.:.,Ai_NrDEFINl;:I).
. ~ . . . -- . . . .:. ~ · ': :· ' ....:.· . . .. .
,·
..{
J&klifN 2,&4 ***'' •• FiliNM . I•
N6te: Offe~ses whiah cannot be prosecuted de·
officio are those crimes the institution of which a
sworn written Complaint. is· required,·.as 'where
- the -oftense is private i~ nature, wh~re the law
requires that' it is to be started by· a Complaint
· 'sworn to" by the offended party,' or when· it"
pertatnsto those.whlch need to be-enforced by
sp.ecified public ·officers (PAMAR/jN, supra at
,57; Hernendez v. Albano; G.R..·_. No. L-17081,
May 31, _1961). . . .
( ..
2019 SAN BEDA LAW CENT_RALIZED° BAR OPERATIONS 537.
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·c·Rl:M:,I.NA-L.:PROC·E:i:)U;R:E .
. .
. - . . . . . .
SAti°BED:AlAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIONS'- MEMORYAID 2019'.
. ·.. .
Who.May-prosecute: , . . . .: 3.
· 1,.. Concu~lnage and· Adultery ........ The _offended
· spouse. ·. ·
.
. Onl/ the. offended
· · , .:
- offenders {RIANO, supra at.78);. . ·.: ·. , : _;~
SP9~s~.. ~othe.rwise
-~~1r;·L
-·~-:-
2.
.. , ...
· ·subse~ueriuv1a.rr1ages· · ··.·. · >. . ', . ,·'·.: ,:
jn crtrnes against. chastity, the subsequent nii'l(riag~::
between ·.: the .offended .party , and , the ··accused
· extir.igui$he·~ the criminaf'Hability of the latter .or-sttall
remit the·... penalty already .lm1:i'6.sed,:-u·pan · hlrtr;: ., .
'tqgether 'with' that ofthe ~o-pr,ncipats; 'ac;:cdmpli¢$s .. '::!
.. an'd. accessories (REVISED,:Pf;NAL: COt;>E{Art.._ ·. ;::
.~44). ' . ' . . . . . ·. ' . . '' . . . .. ··" ' ' :. j5.
c.
Exc~·pf;. ·.. · .: .. ·'. '1 • , • .. · /f
1: · ln adultery: af!d coneublnaqe (2 REGALADO;: ,iJ,,
. suprirat 306);. · . . · . : .· .r . . :1
·.{.
2, Where the !'nar,r.iage was hiv~lid or contracted in · ·,.
· .. bad. fait/'I ln order to. escapevcrirninat 1,c;1~l)ity . >t .
. (PeopJe,v.. Santiago, G:R. No. L-2.7972,·.october· _:'.ft
.·· 31, 1927); . -"; · ., : . .:'.~
hl orn1s~ron..:..:'bli~se
the :?~~e. is n'ot a.._fat~I
·th~ Information:.. a_!Jege9: ~he·
... , ..• ··. . • , · . · .• • ·,.,;;~'.")'-.':\ ... ,1 . '.H uitimate_fact that the rape was "by means ~f for.ca"_.
·.SECTION _6._-SUF~ICIE~CY OF ~O~P.LAWT-·OR · :.'~r::/E'~pP,l~·-v,
Ga_lido; G.R_.J'{os.:1486.89-92, M~rc[l.-30,
INFORMATJON
-'. ·: .
. . .
. ... ",: :· : . ··, ,. ·~. -. : .
>~~.;, ... · Jt•·'·,-,t ;00'1-r-_.1,
y__,./":. /.'.<vrr....,,.:. :.:. .:. .:.....2~1i.:.rd]3
.
.
~. :-
.: .
· . . · .
.:.- .
Cohtl!_nts.of.-a ..Val!d Comp!aint-·01\}pfo~atJon ·· · _NQ_te: Th_e r.ul.e i_s:_d_iffe_rer,t":in alleging qtr~li!}'.in~ ~net·
(l'!IDAO~,::Df') :. : . · · ·. . . · -~1'•"".:!j. · · . ag_gra..-~tin·g ·.· · circumst0;nces,.':.. .Ou~l.1fying · or
1, ·· !:fa~e ·and ·surname of the · accusea~-- or arw aggrayatiog c.trc;umstances, e.g .. -~eachery must l;>e-
. . . appellation oi: n'icknarrie by which' h"e·ls·known: or . SUffiCf!flnUy:aver:reci in .the lnform"ation;· m¢re 'use of ..
,.·; ·'· has·beeri 'known; ::_-..,;·. ~ :,· . :, ·.. ··.·. ·:. ·... term ·•treachery'' is not-a·su'fficient averment:lor its
. '2 .. Th~· Qesigi'iaiion' <;>f: th€ \:iffi:lnse. gil(en. by· the c9nc;(usion. of' l~,;o.i )People v. Valdez,.· i:i"R. No..
. ,·.··statute·-.·--.,·.·"'."-' .. · ·.·-·.- ·: ::. · .. ,· ,.1756bi·Febriiary 13•2013) .. :. ·.: . :·.
) ... Tt)e'· :ic~s .·or' '. . .Ql'Jlis'sion:,i"_ cdm~l~lned 'of: as . ' . · .. I• •• "·: ' ' • • • - • • • ' .'; •
~ . , constiMing)t;:e often"s~;~ .. · .,. ·.. , ' .. : ' · · ·. · . ·. suffic;lerrcy .. of ~lleg~tion .fr, ~~zing Qase~;i ;(the
4:-: ."'ih'e:name·pf. ttii:3° Qffende1f party; ·.· : . ·. . . · _-: . · itidict_m.ent ,in a :"bazfi:ig ~:Case' ni~fely · state"j:f that
5. :The. appro?(imate Qate. ofttje c:ommission of the. psych·o1qgic~il .. p;3in ··and· "pfiysica1· injttries 'were
·offensi;l;.and . .. . . . . . a
inflicteo on the vi¢tim; Motion fo .Ouash'should be
~: ·.. The-f.,1.ac~. wh~_re th~- ~ff'.ens.~ vv.as.~~-inmiW~d: . _- grante~ 'beca(j~e .. the-:ultimate facts· 'a"11·eg_ed":~id r)Of.
constitute the crime, ·, . . '. . , . .. . ·· .. :· . . .
· ~i.J"rpose. of the .R.ure. ·. . · . · . ·: ' . . _ .= ... :: . - . . ··. . . . · ... -.: ~ . . . .
1 .. To inform'ttie.accused of the natare·and cause . plafri 'referer'lce to "a ·tech'nicai ·term - in this case,.
. of~Ccljsation agaihst tiim·;.and· . . .. , . . hazing ..:: is1nsuff!dent and "incomplete, as it is but a
2 ...to notify .the ""Cleferidant. :o(tlie criminal': acts . -'chc;iracterization qf th!;t acts allege:dly" committed· and
... _impµt~d to him ~b that tii c;;an dllly_prep~(!:) tiis thus •.~ mere conclusion of law· (People v .. BayaJ>o~,
. defense (Peoplev. l)iinaano,_.G.R.. No:·"16816°(3, G.~. No. 17.1222, Fe/jf~ary.·fB, 201q) .. ·.·
S~ptember.14, 2005). ·
1. •The. : Complaint .or '. lnforr'tiation miJst state'· the. . . The 8CCU$9d • may be convicted. of crlme rn~re}{{
name ahg ·surna_me_ of the, accused. or any_ .. ser.ious>th!"ln th?t named in ·tbe title-or prelimiria.ry) ,,
appellation or riickoame_by"whict:i h'ifMis'b_e~r· _. par(if _such crime is.covered-by thef facts alleged in··_
. or.is knpwn must be.stated; . . : , .. : . . . . .the body 'of the lnforinatio'n ario. its commission is:.,.
_.;z. If his n·$rn.e cannqt he ascertained;: a ·.ficti)i_ous ·. eslablished-."by°'.evidence (f3uhaf \,. CA,. ·:G..'R. ~No.'
. riaine ~i~h a.sta\~rn.ent 'that' _his ·true';~~'!!-~:"is.,...1"."'.:~'96-Q.[;.Dec_ember/7,· 1g96). :. . . . ·. : :\
.unknown. . . . . / t. .- \
3. If his true oame i~, thereafter. a.s2e~rri{tdts~.~ _IL.~~~J~ceu.s1rcl"c~n~n<?.t
J ""A, r_. :.,;.~,. . ·. · -:. ,. . ·. .
be ~-o~v1~.t~dond-er on_e ~Gt _when··.
.. . .,:
nam.~ shall .be inserted in· ~" co~l~_i.4t:-or·-· · -tte.-..{{ c;l;(~g""elt'th a v1o_lat_1o_n of ~nother. 1f the··,
lnforma.ti?n or record; an~ ·j" -?,)')
. · , . ~t:.·~ -~, '/t~
y . ...,.;..--~_.,~n~~it;>~..P~s~~tute.tp_the oth:r ,_nvolves: .
Jc, 1. ~-'GJ;i~'clfe...mjJ)e,,theoryoftheJn.al;,
-.
ff
Note: A):nistake in the nar11_e t~)appused· is nJ.f.i 41._ · 1r · Re~ir~prthi$deJe~dar:it .a ~ifferent defehse';or ·.Jt
equivalent, and does not ne,cessan~, ,1 amq.i;i_nt to, ~a 1~.,,; · 3":" SLirp'_rises\\t~ ;ac~used in· any ·way (LJ_.S. v. · ;~~-
. mi::,take·in. the iden_tity of ~~~-Qcc' sed' ¢'soe·cially..f~~...,...eani~lio,
' ffi ' . 'd • !, d ...,c-:,.1: h l('"',-;,:-_;n0-.
·G~U1Jd ll:;98.76, December 8, 1914). · ·:::~~
"'!,he11 su .1c1en~ ~v1 enc~ 1s ~d~ .... e'if to·s o~ t ~!~~·~..:- ! l,·1 ,...~~~- i ·. \\. k,oq•.., ,\
' 11111 I ,, ..l ,· . ,,,
., 1 . • - _· . . •• , -
2; T_o --e~i:,aql~ th~_-· c~urt to. pr9noµnce,...propefr'L~,,...i:Ffs -~urct:=im~nta_l_.:th.~t ev~ry·.elernw:it of wi,_i~_h the,~
judgment (PA MARAN, supra -a.t- 94). · . . - . . · · offense 1s ~ompos~~- must : be · alJeged 1n. ·the . ::,,r,,-
. · · · · ·- · · · · · · lnforr:nc;1tion. for; itt_f,lefaot~alfeg.ec;ldo.notconstnute · :i/
. the ·Information. or Complain{ m~st ,:~tate · 9r ·ari offense.within·.the tar.ms anci me;,ming cif the law;;
designate"the following whenever possible: . u·j)On which the. c;IPC\Jsation is ·ba.sect .. or. if the' fact~ ..
1: · :The. desigr'l<!lion of .the .~ffens_e. given,9y the . : alleged lllay al(be._tru~- and_,yet-.-con~liMeno:offeris_e,.- .
statute_; if 'thef~::is nc:rdesign.ptio(l::ofth~ 9.ffense;.. tfle. inc;lictmerit-i.s ins.uffitjent .CP!J.MAR~N;. supra at·.'·
. reference shall· be :.made ·.to the section oi' . _97;.Peopie_ v; R<?yes· yPqulit)a,. GR. 'No. :i25736,'··::,;.
· subsec_tici~ofttiestatute.pt{nish_irtgit;':····· ··: ;_ . October15; 2018)., : · . /y..
2. The statem.ent · of ·)be . act~ or . · Qmi~sions . : .· '· · · ·. · _ ·· ·. . · . .. . · ·· . :i/:·
constituting the_ offe"nl:.e; in ordina:ry: ·9o_ncise ·exception-:,When .th~re i~··a variarfce'.b.etw1:;en·the .:_l
and particular, .words; a(ld _ · . .:: · . ·.: . . . 9ffense charged ·in the Compl<;1iht .qr lnfo.rmatio.nand . '-i;i~
3. · Jh·e specifig :qualifying · an.d aggr~vating. th.at prov¢d, qfld th~_offense'as.ct}argec:l is included·,?Y,
circutns'tan¢es mus.t ".be stat~d in. ordinary::and . .in or necessa'riJy includes the offense proved, the . f
'concisedariguage. . . . . . . ·. ····- ,, . . . . acc1.,1sed 'shalt b~ "convic~eq of the o:ffe.nse proved . ';g
. . .. . ' which is included in the offense charged, or ;of .the :::f
. Allegations PrEiJ~il ~ver the. Qesii:i"natio-;,:.. :~f the : offense d1arged . which is included in the offense J
Offense in. the ihforrnation: -. The nature ·an.ct·
character of the.crime charged' are-det'eri:n'ineq not
proved (ROC,_Rule 119, ·sE?c: 4): · · . . :· ·#
by the spepifipaJion Of ttie. provision ..Of:.t!Je·. la~ (Se~discussionofth~ VtfJria_~c~ Doctrineunder Ru.le ..]·
alleged .to.have·be~m violate_d but by· the facts. stated. ··120, Sec. 5) . . · •. /~
. . . . ·;:.!
·-}l
540 J 2019_ SAN' BEDA
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LA.VI( CENTRALi:~ED
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BAR OPERATIONS
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GRl.M:IINAL . P,;RQG:Et.):~J;RiE' ·
. : SAN BEDALAW CE:NTRAUZED.~AR Ql>~RATION$ - MEMORY All) 20'19
; ( .
. ·Ruhi on Allegation .Qf.,Q4al.ifying 'and Aggravating· · a defens~:·,(US; v .. Chan ·.roc_o,, .. G.RJ.No: t..-385.1,_
· ClrcumsJan·ces·.· ·.·. · .· .· ~. . .. Decemper.·17, 1908).. ,. ;.
The · qualifying ·a.nd: aggravatil)g circ~mst~11;1ces
ci:innol'be appi;eciated evei'l if proved unless alleged . Simp.lti;i~t,:.~heri an.~~cep.tion or n_~ative ailegation_
in the. lnformatiM.(Vfro;iyv. People, G.R. No.·20518Q,. is nqt .an ingre9jent of.the .qffense ar:id _is a· matter. of
November1{ 2013): · · · defense,.'it.need not be alleged '(US "(. Chan Toco,.
. . . .
-G.R. N__o. L-3851, Dec~mber 17, 1~98).. . ·, . -
'.The 'failur~. to all~~e s~ch ~ircurnsla.hce~. cannot be.· ·· ·
. cured by an amendment of the Information after-the . . Exceptio~~ ,Where th~ stat~.ite alle'gec:i' to·_haxe
.b~el)
accused entered his p{~a: (People ·.v.. Antonio, . G.R. . · violate9 applies only tc>: ~P!'=lcific cla$s·qf. pers.ons. and
No. 144266;· Noveinb13(27,2002)." · : to speciaLconditior.is, ·~he· !nf!)l'.Tnation:)nusf all~ge .
f1:1cts.. e.$taqlishin.1fthat the ac~usef~alls 'with_i'1· the;'_,
However, . . even . . ·: th.9ugh,·/·C . the ... aggravaiing specifJt class affected·.c111d not ti')ose ~~c~pted fr.om_ ·
.clrcurnstance cannot be. consldered to . impose; a .the_ co.\(cer.ag:e_of the ·_law (US v. Pompeya, .G_iR. Nq.-
. graver pen'alty, rt c;:n'(stiil be a' basis .for the aw'arding . L~102ss; August 6,_ 19.1S):.·. · - ,·
. of -exemplary dainsges. '(Pe_op/ii .If. 'El(iha,· G.R. Nos. .. · · · • ·· · • . · ..
· · . . · Rule on,·C.omplex·.Grimes . . ·. · · .. ,. , : . · ·
. 1 ?4830-31; June 27,· 2003).· . :- · · . For.~ 'crirriinai complaint or lnfotma~iorito charqe the.'
. ' :; .. . . • .: . .~ . . . -comrnission of. a complex .crlme.: the aUegatiQl')S·
Note: T,he. qu!=l!1fymg: ~r .aggrava!mg. ~ircumstan~.e. .. _ contatned-therein do_.no_t,n~(?e.ssadly~haveto,-charge
:reachery. in th}~ ~a.se; _mu~J be_ sufficiynt1~ .a_~~r~~d~:-{!1~) .a.cornplexcrtme as defined,bylawilNs'suff.icient tt),at:
. in the_ lnf~rr:1at1on,. mere use -~f -terrn . tre.~che.~1!S):<{f., · the Information ·,:-ont~in,salleqations, . which ·sho~'
_ not a sufftclent aver~en~ for- its _conc;_lus1a,n .c>_t,,;1~-!J';~e\ that.one.offense was.a necessary rnaans.to.cornmlt'
v
(Pe()ple v. Valdez,. G.f?..· N9. 175q02, F$brua'Y,;,J-3;· ·}.: \,tr} the otlie~ (People Aiagao ,GR· flo "L-20721 April
· !f,:~:ti~~ : ~~~-r.~~~t:~-~-: .
ol _.· circy~~ta~·c,E!}
habitual" delin.,qoe_n~y:>'It_ must . ,be· ;.5g~eifically~
~Ft{!JfB!i{~fl<{{)
Ji Whe-;;~~li'iHis. alleged in. tti~ . lnfbr'mation 'l~ 'a'.
1
i : .· · ·. ' '·-~ · ·,~- ~ < , . . · · : ~- : :_. . .
averred: .The \nfq~ati~n must .Sf)eCi~Jf\e ;;eQtliRit5';'~,_d~ . COl'nplCX·'Crlfut\µnd..Jhe. e:11id'erice fails LO SUpp_ort_~he .
. lnformat_ion_ r~~a,r~ing: ~P~?) ·.·· · . : .,;., .,_i/\_;,.A·
j;,,r. · !~- char~e asAfoto~~'6f,.tH~--~OmP,Ol1E?nt off~hs~s. ··u,~
.1. 'fhe com_rn1ss1Q~ .of the fr,!3v_lo~§5~tl~~~?t::';c., . . r,)° defendatif"c® ~\ convicted. af._the. offense· proven
2. TM·-,bast convl~tf<>r-t or ~el,':,~,!!·tantl· · lJ~'~ ·. ~ ~n ,{!3onza[q~o ~ Pe9ple,. · G.f?: No: 1509_1o; February.
3:. lheQtherp~eVl':l.U~C0!1VJf1_~o:i;r:or:~~.~~s_e.·onne,"'_ ¥{( 6, 2QQ6)'.,,;_;,.-c,~"°""""'':5\;-'? .. '. ·.· . .' . . . . ' ..~. · '.· .·
_accused (People ::V..,: Venf.f:.S:F?::_ .!#-~~ ·_4S~J,;., ~i~ ... '··<:.;/'},!:/~;;~_t;:;.qq)t1_ , ·_ '. ~ . _-· .... , · . :- . . _· : ·.: . ·
September:1!ttf13..6). ·.. ._\'··~---~}:;}, v-:--'(.;. · p,r SECTfOk'1<r.-'Pt;:A~E-OF CO!IJIMl&Sl,ON.OF., TliE .
. · · · · · .. · 'i':'-~ r .\J\_ '!' t'} OFFENS.E' . . .
Allegations for corwi9Jio~. of.quallfi~d i'ap.e: T~e r,c~-:w= _ ,·:,· · . a-: .
accused,cannot be corivict~i:l_o~ ..qualifi~~p~ if,t.Jl_'::.:,,:_,~;::.,··pi,j~osec.,.,,,.,To _ show· territorial ,jarisqJcti~h,. (1
Information does nqt·. i;illege the cfg1~ •• -ar:q~:;t}iie-•---....:"'FlEkRER'A-: supra at 1-$2). ·
relationship,of the victim and the alleg~{:), rapi~~::,·_ · ·. . ....·.. '.· ·· · . · , · .. ... .
. , ' ·. ..· ·.:. . . . . . .' ·.' ~~~j . . . G~neral Rule: The ·cqmplaiht or 'lnfprmatjdn is, .
. The. reason is that such. circumstanqes alter tJie sufficient if it can be understood.Hom its allegations.
nature of the crime·0frape ar.ict-in.cre~se,the penany; that the' offense·.:was ce!mmittect ·.or some of its :
hefl.CB, they ~re·spet:iai:qu~lif¥il'lg .Ctr~~mstan?,9S;~S esse,ntial ingredients occur°fed.:at some l?lace, \v.itt"Jin
· such, both_the a.ge '?f'the-~1ct,m; ~nd:her·relabo_nsh1p_ · the juriSdicJion _of the ~putt '(PAMARAN, supra 9t
. wi~h the. qffender rnuiilt·~e·-spec1f1cally.aUeged _the m 1,07). · · ·: , · · . . ._· . . ·
Information a_nd proven beyond· reasor.iab!e. _doubt · · · .. · ··
durin_g:t~e tri~l;,~oU:nt~ise,_ the_~ea_t~.-j)e!']alty,cani;iof. Exc~ptibn:'Unless the partJ<;:ular'pl~c;;e,wh:ere·it'was
. be imposed .(People 'v.. Arcill<JS, G.B, _f'Jo. 181491, conimjtted constitutes an e~sentfal:'el~ment of. the .-
' Jt)ly30, ,201.2). ',: • . ,'·'.'i:"'.- ·. ' ·. :·~ ' . is
offens'e pharged·or 'r1ece~1sary for its idiantificati.6n ·
' . -. {e.g,, trespass . to . dwelling,. de$tructlve' arson,. ..• .
Ru.ie :on Ne~afrire Averm~h1s . . .:: . rqbbery in·:~n inhilbited house, yiolc:ition of domicile,
General· · Rule: ,. Wher~-' tt,e statute .. penalizes penalty on''the · keep~r, 1._Vatchm·an,' '!isitor :or opium
· gen·erally the· ~cts .ftierein 'defined ~rid is in~ended-to . den·, and· vio)ation of election Jav.:) (PAMA.RAN,supra·
• apply-to all persoris indiscr.iminately, although·some . at- 108).. · ·'· · · · · .. ·
. sp,edal· sih.iations··~-u·s 'except~d .ftoi:n ifs coverage;. '-' ..
the I nfor-mation· is sufficient. i.f it does. not allagEHhat s0·eFCFTEINOSNE· 1__ :_1, ~~Tl? . OF· COMM ISS~ON · OF .Ti:i_E· ·
the. accused. 'ra1is'·w1thin· the exc;:epled situation; .for
then the ..complet~ definition of th~ offense is entirely · ' · ' :-·' ~
s,aparable. from tlie. exceptions aiid can b~ made General Rule: It is no~ ne.cessaiy to' s.t~te in thl;l, .
without reference .to:the latter, If .he falls 'Within the Complaint or .lnformatioi:i the ·precise date the
. exempted ct~ss, the· accuse_d ~ay raise such fact as .offense was cbn'lmitted. The offense may be alleged .
\ . ~. .
to have "been· committed on ·a date as. near: as SE;CTION·.13. DUPLICiTY OF OFF=ENS.E:"·· . · .. .', .:4
possi~le to the actual date 6fits commtsslon .. · .Duplicity of Offense .ir:l lnformatlon. or Complai~t .1t
. means the [olnder ot,two. (2) cir, mor~.:separate .anf'i.·:'.f
Exceptio~:·When the date is a material irigr.edient · · als(inp_t ()_C<!ifferent offe~ses. in ~n.e (1) and the ·san1~ ~ii
.of the offense (e.g;, infanticide; abortion, · bigamy, lnfqrmi;ition·or .Complaint .(Soriano .v;· P,eop"/~, G:R;-.:;;'~
_violation "ot Sunday statute '(Election UJ_W)). .. . . , v, : . Nos. 159517-18, June .
30,. .2009). . · ·:.. · · . · .... '".!:q
-The remedy against an. indictment-that faits to allege · Pur.pose: .The sta"te should: not· .heap upon . th/
thetime of c.orru:nissicir.rofthEfo{fimse with si.i(fjcieAt · · .. detendant-twoormore charges whtch might.confuse>
de{iriiteness is ·a Motion. for Elill of Particulars under him -in his defense _(People,-.v. Ferrer, G.R.,. No. i>~
-, "Rt1.la ·116,".-Section· 10. -The failure··_tci. move for· 8957, Apr.ii ~9,:1957),, · : .·· ·:., , .· . - ·. ~.
s"pecificati_on' or thequashal ojthe lnfoijn~tion orrany · . · ·. ' · . .
of-th~ 'grounds provided for Hi the Rules deprives the. <?·~ner~, · Rule:·. A· .Complaint" or Information . musf:·-:'
accused· of. 'the. rigt)t. to object to evidence Whict\ charqe.only_.on~ ·offense. · : '.. · '. . . . . . . · _. . ~1,
could be la-.yfully introduced ·a·n·d admitted .under an ., .. · · . . . .''-·, .
... lnformatlon ?f more or less g~neral terms but whleh .. · E~~eptio'n~·:..(CSC;M~D) ·-- · , . , .·. ·: .. · ·. .
sufficiently charqes the· accused· with a ·definite. 1. · Comptex- ·crimes :7 · wherf (a) -: a single act···~
. c"rirne: Beside~. the exac(d~te·of the:commission of ... ·· con-~t(iutes two. or more. g·rave of lel:!~ grave.~:·
~he ·crim"e".is"not an es~e"r1tial ·element of the_ c,1~_;,,~.felonies, ()~.(b) ah offebse.:is a·n:e~ess·a!Y·ffleans r::..
. {Pepple v:/ilpedes, G.R: Nos. 137-'.,06-0;,~;;.Jg~u~~.lu"': 1'/~~~~~mJttih§,··~~; oth~.r .-f~~VISED_·:°·~EN~.L ·1~
.
~1, 200.1).. .
· .· · · .
·. _ .
. ... : :
. /-5..-. P';:~ . . . \f:~fDf.}"~·· 4(;3), - ·: ... : . , . , . . , . ··. . . . '.-;,
-,.,,~ 4i.. ~1 ,_ ~;~--=-~..2~.:_.§pecr~.!,....:~plex. crimes .. .:... .whe.re . the law. f"j;·
.SEC. 12. 'N_AM_E O_f: THE OFFE~p~o P~~· ·. · _. ~ . ...~'pr.Q,v(l:les~~~j.ngle, penalty: for:. two or more·· ·i
. . · · · .t' A::<._)"/",,,, ......~ ..... !J?~·"«G.g_~l?N.nt offe~ses (People v. _Laog, G.R. No. -f:. .
Rules· When t':1:e offended f~~ ff'a/riaturaJ1 ~'f. ~7 17'8r_2f~""O,rf~er{p,,2011);:. · ... · . . · ·.. _ ,,,}.
. person: . ..f ···>-1,f . . ! .lt ~ ..@.~ ,£on\if1aobs~c11me, Del,to 90ntlnuado....., a: single. ··1t
. . . . . . //, ,f .. f .· .
r() . ,_ · · . Cr°il:l'I~ C,Oll~~~~~oi,a ~efies Of ac!S afising"from ';,.~'
Th.e· ~o!"J1plaint of rn~orm.ati~~ ~""]stJta~e: i. , . ~ •.~.~·<'! · s~hgl_e 1f~~U~~·res.ot1:1tton· _or__ iritent . not. ··~;
1. :lj1s nam~ and· surna_m~ror:-aay _appe~ati&i!rot~-.~1~. ,::_....;, -<l,t!gusqept1ble _1fa1v1~#n (Gam"b_oa .v. CA, G:R. No.· "f
nick·oame.by'whlch he·na~.e·e,n or Is Rgown;~ ..~~:--~-!il L-4J'f154,:No;yemb ~ :28; 197!i);··. . . ·. :·.;.
2~ · .'If there. is· no. othet ·V{a'~..:.bfiiq~nti~in&'~im. ha ·~.•§f:#f;..4. Cr-!P~'}jsujC~PtiI · of bei.ng · comrnitt13d · in :;'!~
. must be desc;ribec:I unde~ 1° fi,ctit)ous\n~~e;;---:--.9& I ·
'ii . Vfftieicy.Mo)1e's_:,1 ·/i , · -· · . . . . , . ·' ,;~
3. . If .ft.ln_vp!yes. an-offens_e '~g~ir:tst\his ir-~l'\Y,.
ifift · ,~~,.,~~.spf;rt:ii.ch ~gbther:offerise is aiJ ing.reoient · -9
.hi~: :iame .is ·un~nown; t~e· prop~rty '.i:RlfSt~e~. ., . °':''ti!/~i!]A.M1.AR~f.!,~upi,a.':t 1.17-12,1); and. . _ '.: · _'.,
described w_it'1 sue~ partic'i;J!arity as~~ pt:o;e~~Wn'e.n ~,sjngl·e .. ~ct violates _gfffer.ent.stijt1,1tes (4· "'1f
. . . ident/t)r.the offense. Gharg~d;-.'...o/ · ·. , . <~¥b,.rt_\J~E,7,,f=RA,
_. 4: .. If th~ tr.ue name .of the persomaga,_n~t,wl:iQ.~.oJ!..~
syr~ <1t· ~41):· ·. . .
~i:P-'1- · \>~ ·&?:· : : ·:,_.; . .. •... ' .
·· .
. . . · ._-]
' :. :,.
. _ against. who~e property th~~Qf:f£:~"1w 1~·., =..,,..,,... .,~te,~~~ ,jeJtlo::be .applied. ·t<:(91;l.terrn1!1e:_whether . :~
c.o.mn:ii~ed . is.. : thereafter. discLoJ.e\t~ qr :n, 1.fjt~ete.\atf.~ pffen~es or only._one, ·iS:wt'i~ther ea~h .j.'
. as9ert~ir:ied, the· court must c~use si!icl:\)ry.e XVI- -pro~.$kir(requir~s proof o.f. a tact wliich ·the other ·._.r-:i,
name ~~- be.. ·i11serted· in ·the ·.Cqmpl~_int~i-""'"'~""'cl'6es·gc?t'(B/aok.burger ii. U$, _284 U.S,.299 (193i)J. · tli-
lnformat1on an,d the record.· . . ." . . . . . .. ·'.:" .. _: :·· · ·. ·. .:.... , :· ·, · ;· , ..") · . . ·. :r!t.
· · -Requts1tes ofa ·Co.ntinuQus' c~,m~:. (P~-PC) · · >
. Note:· Error ·1n· the designation of offended party'i~. · : 1.; fluFality ·of ·a¢t~ performe<;I: §epar~tely durii1.9 a', \,
.estafa case,. a dime. against. prop.erty, is -riot a. period o("time.; . . .. . . .. ;... : : ·. :' . :'. ·: ( ·. . . ·;-rt;
gro·unq fo.r a~quittal. The rule is differen~ fro.m o~c1I : 2; Uriity · cit • .fl.erial . .provisiofr.. infringed .upon or l:
..defamatio,n. a. crime --·against honor, where ..the" "violated; and: . . . . . : . . ·.. . ~· . "i
desigrraHon o.t the· offended ~arty is.. material 3. Unitv..of .£rimjnal ·intent which ·i:nea.ns that twq ·?r - ::.,,
(Senador .. v.. People, G.R.. · No. 2016.20, ·Mqrch ,20, more.violations of·tne s~me peh.al·provision·are .. · ·~'.!.,
2013J. :' . . · .. . . . united" orYone. ?n·d the sc1me ·intent: lec!dir:ig .to the '.~!
. . perpetration .of the; same. criminal :purpose .or '.\°'f
.R~le· wt:,en ·the .off~ndecl p~rty· Is a .ju~idical ···Claim.(Peqple yJtedesma/·G:R:fl/o'. Ld1522,·· :~
person: "Tt_,e Compl~int of Information must state.its :·. September-29; 197-_6),; :· ··. . ·,"··,· . ·.' · ·: :;t.i
riame, ·or any name. or cjesignati9·n · qy which it is· : .,.._:
: . knc;>wn or 1;,y whiih :it. fn~y be iderit1fied, .without. need · Princlple·of ~bsorptio·n . . ·. · .. , : . . : .:;&
. Of averring that it 1.s a juridical person or- that It. is . TMe . iagredients· :ol .a:. crime .form ·part .. anc;J· parcel :~
.orgarii~e.9 In· accordance .. will:,· law. (PAMARAN, . tti.ereo(:alid.benee, •are ab"S.brbe·d by the s·ame and'. ·,.'.
supra at_198) .. . cannot be punist:ie"d either. separately. ther-etr:om or . ; ·;;-
. by the c;1pplication c;,f Article . . 48 of the Revised Pepal ··.::..
. . . .. .
.
: .. 1.~~
o~iginal 'one; it, ~up~rsedes- the. original inforinatiori . ' lnfoniiatfo·n.car'lbe made only: .· ' .... ' . ·: ,'
.·but relates. bacl< to· tl\e·. P.~te at wt1iclj .the_·original.', . . ~ a. · ·. Upon:motfon by the ..Prosectito.r-; ·. - . · · .. · . ··
lr:1formation was file<J '{People v. T.arµc; G.R.. No. ·L~. -· .: .. :'b; .Wiih-not(c~ ,to·the.offendeq p·arty; c!nc!. ' .
· tf.401.Q, May:30;·1962). · '· .. ·· .. · .: .. :_ · .. •",. : , ·. c:. With.leave of'coor.f (ROC,,RULE .11'0; SEC.·
. . : : .... :, : . '·; · - ·, . . .' '14).: ' .· ....... · . -.:- : ·. ··. :' · ·. '• · ... ·'
·. Kinds of Amendment: . :. . · . .- > · : . . ·.· · .· · · ..
· 1. ·-Formal ·An,~ndmenl .:.·;Amendments• iha(does .. Reason·: To'
inform.' and' protect. the ~ffende~
not charge an:other offense different. 'from· t~at party that th4?(e wiit. !;>e a· ch;mg'e··iri: favor .Qf the
. · charge'cl .in ·the -original one; or
do .not. a)ter .the . . · accused and· ·by , ..preventing; ih1;i prbsec.uting
prosecution's theor.yof.th.e Cal;,e· SO as to Cause . officer from exe.rcislng 9ppressiVely °its unlimlted
the .surprise: to.11:ie accuse.cl· and:·amiil'ttie. form. · discretion to amend. (PAMARAN, ·supra 124). . at
of defense he hc\S. or will assurne. are. considerecl . . •
merely c!S formal... amendments· .. (Me.ndez v.. :· No,e: ··It .must. be. ciarifi~d tho~·gh tha; not. all
Pe.ople,·G:R:.. No.. 179962,-June 1.1, 2014);•;:· ._ · 'defects. in ·an Information are· ·curable by
ameridmerit prior to.entry_of plea.• An information.
. ..
~')i:
.-·.;;~
obviate· a ground: tbr quashal. An. amendment - lllustrat_ion: An. 1niorma~ion was. t1i~d .against th·;-;r.~
which operates to vest [urisdlctlon upon the triar.. . -accused, The designated offense stated .in the:.l:
court: is 11.kewise · imperm"issible- (l.evlsie v, . . . lnf6rin.ation'was torthe crime Qf.ho"n:iidde-, Howeveri :,1,"
Alameda; G.R. No. 18267.7, AtJgus(3, 201"0)~ ... · ·_.the .act~· _constitutir:ig _the .··offeMe written.' in-:thJ~;
·. ·· . .. . ·:, Information clearly depicts thecrlme'of murde.r:-The·::,::..
2. :.Afl~r-theplea<-coversonlyformalamendmer:r.t .. · accused enters his· plea of.not-..guilty. Can th/!..:-,.
. . . provided thatr." ·. . . . .. ,. . '. . ·· . -Prosecuior .emena the ·designation· dihe· offense'.{?
· a... Leave of court is 'obtained; and .· ·, · ··· .... · 'end ch'aryge it to -murder» Yes, -. because 1t mereiy'0'.!,
·: b. . Such·, amendment is n_.ot prejudicial to. the .. frwofvesa formal arnendrnent.The averments iri the··
righti of the ·_accused· (ROG, RU.LE 110, · amended .tnformauon for. murder- are- exactly. the:~
SSC, -14). · .,: .· : ': . _ .. ·. :- same · as. those: already allegeq lr:i.. the qrig,inaF
--, ·: . · .. · . . -, :. . : . ·. ··· lnforrnatlon'for homicide, a_s there.was-notat all'~ny
OQctrlne of Supervening Eve·nt :- W~en -a fact ·· ;.. _. .... change iii ~e. act impute~· to. :accusec,l (Pa.coy:-v;_:·
· superv.~,:ies.which· chan~es. th_e· n·atur.e: of.the crjrile ·. · · · Cajigpl,. G.R." No.· 157472, Septembe,; 2.8, 2007). · . : ,1•
charged)n.~he.:lnfoffr.ll:ttionor upgrades ittci·a· higher · · ·, ' : · .-., .· · -. . : .. ·- · _.: . , .. · .. · ··, J-
crime, in wnich.·-case, .alTlendmen(may be.made.but . $ubs~ant1a·1 Amendm~nts after Ple·a : .. ·.. ." .. >*°
there is ·.a .. need for· al")othej- ;a(ra.ig_nmerit,.pf..the ·. Gel')eral Rule·: .There ·.=.can :_'be ·.-no substantial·?),
. · accused • under. the ameoded
. ' -Information:.. ··· ."·: ""'·..*~-
,-.:.-:...... .~~:amendment.ir:i.
..._. th~' lntorm·atici'riafter thl3. p"fea..
. ....'.: :.-~
. , J"n. this ca·se,. the supervening l,actof tl\\,e dea®0.f~e·:_ · 02, t/tarch·6it992). . · . . ·. • ;. : ·. ·.. · ·. · \
victim ~~s mt=fr!i!ly·supplled -to\~ip,th~~~a!,_~.1;1~?~/~~1.iolaJ~~ th~eal.e~s~~l-'s·.righ~to·d~~-P.r.oce!s- .. ~~!,
.: determm11:1~-tf'\e proper. penalty\of·the eqr:i~fle~N~~...9 <t~fany.· sl})ii$.tantiat. amer,drnent ·tn. tfle ·,2-.
am:ei:i~ment of the., lnfor~a~on. V(~S· pigPJt,~~~..d""Lc-~.9f6r,:n~i9.,.ri will bui'deri the accus1;1d in p~epa_ring_. f·
theF~ 1s l'l9 change· m the. prosecutt&~~~t~~i~a:l===:=~ f~~~tS)J;>¥er-defense :(COf.'l?_US, Jr, .v,. Pa.mulf1r,. -~{,
the ~.ccus~.c?mmit.ted the -fe1o·niou$·aitt,~f.l;i~;tent .·'\\ i{ t\;_'-.~'k!JJ,or.186403; September 5,. 2018), . ·: ,f:.:
#
. to kill: ti)~ v1c~m; oor do~s. th.~ amendment-.~ff.~t. .l'V .lU · ·::,,_~'. . _. . . · ·, •·.. · ·.·. . .. . · \i.1:
· w.l:latev.er.:defense the accused o_riginally.may .have""""""~f~substantial" amendment,-the Cl:;!Se invorvihg ~he', -:ii
(.Teeb.ankee; .Jr.: v. MaaayJig; .G.R: ··No."· 103.102~ . origihal Information. will"be.'-tlismissed· because.the '.T"
_March"'6, 1992). ·. · . . . . · ·,·~,,, ..·;·.·· . . avemients stat13d in. the.tiriginal .. )nfprm.ati.on are .. 5:;
::.-:. '.: .·. ~ .. · . . ·~· . . . . , . insuffjcient-f?..PrO~~-.th~ -~tli_lt-:of.Jhe~.~~cuseq beyo~d ,~~-~
T-e~t. for. .Pi:-ppr1e(y: 9f..Al')'lendirient ~fter Pl~a:'The ·. r_easo.nable.. doubt for the·proper cnme. (TAN,: supra· l:iJ
. tesras. to,.wliether an am~ndmentis only offbmi ancj . at 6fi.O). . . . . .... ?t
. an _acciised is ntjt" prejudiced"bysuch"~mendment is:·. : . . . . . ; \ . . . . .. J·
1.: .Wti_e.th~r.pr_.n·o~ ~:.de.fense-·u.nderthe lnforrn.i:lliOfl Doubl«,'! Jeop.~,rdy.- .- . . . . _. · j
· · a~ it:. ong1n~lly .stoo~ w01.1.ld b"e equally avail.able ·Requisites to Pr()perly· Invoke·. the' Defense. o( -:t.
after the. amendment is· made; and .. , .. · ,bouHle jeoP.ardi (ATS}:.:"" . · ··· ·,
2. Whethe'r- or- not any ev:id~nce· whi.ch the· acmused ·. . 1. .- first jeopardy must have Attached; . · .·..
. . .. : might· have ·wquld .be ·equally_ ~ppfica.ble to the. 2 .... Fir:,tjeopa'rdY, must have b~er:i !~rmina.ted;.-ar:id .. :\J;
lrifo.rm.;:itiq.n_in .o.ne f.djm as. in the-.ott.ier(M_eh"dez . • 3.. There is a .§econd jeopardy'.(Clidia vs.· Court of <t
v. P_eople,_G.~. No.·179962, June 11, . .20.14). Appeals," <?·R. No_.1_1~~19., January 1_6; 1998) .. ---'.\:
.
am·e'ndm1;:nt·proper?.
. ..
· ..._ ''.'.';:~ \\.. ·. l
«" . , .. • .
·r-;. !>ecause: _It . ~oes . noi .-v1_olate the . rule: _of ; double ·
l ~-----1e_opardy.. · . . .,- ·. · .
No, .because it violated the·rule on.doµli)le;j~bpa·ray
0 . ,-1-•i:;.:;.::;,;if~~·n.-.·· . · - ·. · , ·. ·.
as the. new lnform.ation contains the{s~me cr1~. '-,~lri!$ub~titu'tTun·, ·the lnformatic'mcontaining-the charge
The ,am~nqh'l~n~_require~a.cha.ntt~. ·ir\Jhi dJ#e.ns~ pf· tt:ie·.v.irong ·_cci~e shoulq be' dis!""is_sei:i (RIANO,
. .~ a11.d . . available
. - . ·evidence
. -. . • . ·of
. .the·
. .· accusemfAl.sh,
. '-~-~-s-~v the·
. . '~. at
Sl.fpra . 139). . · : .
accused are, prej1,1diced..as. they are J'!Xposed. t9 .a ·.•, ·,
higher penalty-.(Peop/e v. Mo(1fenegro, ·G.R. No: l:.-·. · .. Rea~_Qn.:.~¥1me:_as ,sµ~star;1t\c:'II all")er.idme-nt··aft~r
45772_~- _M_ r~h 25, .19£!8). .
a_ · -~ : · . plea;:th~ ·alle-gation~cont(;llried in the lnforrn.:'1.tionare·
_. insufficient .to.·es_taqlish the. gi,lilt·of the accused ,due
Exc·eption: . ·: A . $Ubstantial ... _amengm~ml: . ~ner to ,ihewrong crime charged..the.r..ein.. {RIANO, supra
arraignment-is allbWed·i( the same: is· beneficial to at 1"39;·-RbC;R"U_l.-f=. .11~, SEC: 19)_ .. · . ::- '.· .
. -~e'ac.cused .(i=tof}da~Baggaq v: Pf!qple;. G:R. No."·. . . ,, ' .. ·: ,.; ·. . ·'· ·, _....
. 151785; becember'-10,.·2007). ·... . Note:· Disi:niss?I of,appeafe.cl:case.woul<;:t reslllt in
revival'of the ori~inar judgment.of;convjcti,on.,Hei:ice,
. Reason: ·Rule: 11,0, Se6tibn 14-.w~s cr.aJted: (cf ; Section _;14, Ru!e 11 O -~oes ~ot apply to .app·ei:1,led .
enshrine the .consthutional right to·6e informed of..the. c~ses ([)iaculap . v. Dona.to; G.R. No: · L~440,79,
nature·of charges and to be accorcled d!Je process.
· The rule arms to protect the_ ac·cused·frotn prejµdic,al
December
. ......~· ·.
>
19; 1985) .. ·
. .
' ·
m,achinations ·. that· 'changes "the· game : i_n .. the.· . · R!:,lleori Substit~tiori; Limitation: (JCND)' : · .
. mldstream.ln. case. tlie: amendmen"t "be.nefited the ·1:. No·Judgmerit.ha1> yet .geen.rendered;
accused; sucli :amendrne~t did ,i,ot·prejudi~e him or . · 2. T'1e accused canr:iot·be convicted.ofttie offense
deprive . him of df3fenses.. 'available· before .t!'le ·gharged or· ·o(any other 6ffense ~ecessarily
amendmeht.- Thi.is, the foaimn for" the· rule .was -not inGludedtherein; and· ·:
violated . when. 'theri:J: ·is·: a. beneficial. substantial.. 3, Yhe.. ·accus.ed. would not be placed .in Qouble
amendment .(People v., Jahafro,. G.R:· Np.· 129254; ... j~opardy.. · ·· ·
July22, 1999).
-2019 SAN
. BEDA
. LAW.CENTRALiZED
. ' .. BAR OPERATIONS
'
1-545.
- .~
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ml!J~~~s;ti:::1!!1 111;11 111m1 cim .. lEllll!I.. IIIIIIDl:l.. :mlll mlmmllmllllllilarzstmi•-~~
~ .1~DWAP&Z
CRlMlNAL' PRO-c~·ou_ . . _ .R__· _ - E·_:·_. .
bi
-SAN.BEDA LAW Cf.N!~l.JZED BAR OPf.AA TIONS - "-'EMORY AIO.~-q19
lj dy Wii¥&WM c;4&1H 4W4iiF&MffiWA
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. . .-_:_:. -_r,;_·
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_
.Amendmentv. Substitution· .... . 2. · when.the oftense proved is more serious than '·.:;~t,
· · 'and lnctudesthe offense-charged, in which case',~~·
.. · the defendant sh~II be convicted of the offense ]11
. ' charged; . . . . . . ·. . . . :, :':\-f:,
3. -When·th~ offens.e proved is neither included ini lt:.
nor does it inclu_de,-the offensecharqed and is ,;W~
different therefrom, in . which case- tlfe' courf i'tt.
should di~miss the 'action and order. the··filing- oi<·
' new lhlorinaticih ohar,;iin!;J fhe proper offe'ns_e. 1 .. ::
. . ' .. · -· :.. . . .: ..... ,
Note: the· 1st and 2nd situations are -discussed ini\;,;,
Rule 120, . Sec~idn' A;· The ~rd- _situation,· set forth: if<f
above is substitution of Information under Rule 11'0' :/1
Section {4_.·· ·. · ? ·,,
/' ·. . .. ~ECTJOtiL1_5,,.PLACE.\JVHERE ·ACTION IS T9-BE' -_~;,;~
. . ._ . · ···: · · _ - . .. INSTITUTED ·. · · _- . : · .· :'[;;
Amerrdment before the plea Subst_1tut1on_;· . of . . _ . . . ._ .. . . ._ , . . . _. · \\
: has· been entered: -c~m. be lnfor!llatiori ·. · :.:n-:iost · · - In criminal cases, venue .is jurladlctlonal as .th.e J!.
effected ·. :V'lithout -Ieeve .. of 'always. _ b~: , ~.':%Wl,-~: ~'.;:":""C9U!;!_~hasno jurisdiction- to. try.an offense.committed ::~~
court .·. le~~e of c~!!,flls ~P~\ ~ ·
J )J.1tfid~t$J~Jritorialju~is.~iction.lt.cannot be waived; .:;f:'.
ong1~_,~fifonTL~li~ . ~ ~oi\ch.~ng_~d"'b~agreement of.the parties, or by .the'_ }J:
Amendment after· the. plea _h~s_f 4J:ojJ·-
.f.~::J?,e:-·-=:,-.:r __eonsj:mt WAJ:l~'~efondant.(Alfelor, Sr. v, Mercado, . ,f
can be 1effecte!'.l · qnly -when dr.~ t§J~f,'l."":"". -,=,,.:.--:..§R":'N-Q;L-Zi]59Cif:.Apri{30;197($). , . - '. - . . - ::J,.
there is leave ofcourt. · . · · · •i'v.""'< ..,..;.,4;;' :""·· cl~. -·--c=~
!.'
:-¥,enl!e "s ~~· ),~-- . ·. , . . ·
\l(!'\e~'e~-t~af e"lemen( of. j~-risd1c:ticin :in-·.:~~
·.. ).~ i'e'fiminaltc.ase\.q-lt\st~t~rmineshot only. ·the' place; :Jr
.. . ·-i,
3··
s.
·.-·a!:nv~I (Ff0.9.-.Rl.,JLE._1 io, ~ec.1 s, pa_r. (bJ\,.-v _li·_: · ~i.i'·'..:..'::::::...,~~,G.#"""N,iJ~J84800,'May 2010). ·. · . . ·
. -:~:~~ ~~~·~::nlC:ul:!~c~:~:t-~~f~~ar1!):;r U ·
6. · - ·~~·~~,if~n~i" ~ir~~·~;ta~c~~/··io.e~~ur~ ~···.
·. criminal acU6i:i'_may_b:9. insmute~ a,(J<t}f\""d'in ~t;;:}j fair triafipa\fnipartiJ:tl iriqui_ry,."th~ sc
:shall have
. -. ptop~[ ?',ui;t. of .tp~f1rst .port of;1,.~.V5'(1~"'::9!<:af!y _.. ~~ _.th~·_p9fy~f t~frd~r· a_ q~ang~ ~f-v~~l:le br :place.
-ml,!,n.1.c1_p.ahty?r te!!!to.ryth.,rq~Jlti;>Vnrc~\t,t'.i_~~ss:( · .I'_:\ . . of triJI to1avo1t1 m1~c.3r,n1;1ge of 1ust1C$· (~(?.NST.,
:pass,ec:I, ,durm.g .. ~\,lch. ~~Y.f19~. SlfR~t tq_ the,;. \:I· , · Art,.r,'Vl(I, §ec..~.1 par. ·(4)); .. · · .·-· · -· · · ·.-.
. ge.nerally.' J;l~.c~pt~d .".Pr!':~~1_p1es;.;9k-:,TJJ~~atiOJl,~1-.f;,; J . ..·t·,-,,,~z._,;~°'.;~5";,;;,1~1? _, . :: ,\ ,; __ . _.
ltJ.,'i-f. (ROC; RVLE.110, _$.e~t!_S,pa-5..,_{c_J~_- ,>,() i,,·' v,.· 1~as$..1HJd·,µndei>B.p.. ·B!g:22.,.. ~l)ec;r-iminaJ
·
!J
· 4-.. · _e,_ra9,Y. - '[he ·ven1,1~---~f P.i_ra_~Sfi:.~n!(~e.:.~1~.ot~Jf action shall b"e·fileQ in·th"e place w~ere th'(;:l clieck.
crime.s, has.no terr,;Jonal hm1t~~(lt',:nayt;ti~ t.necf . ··~ · . wa·s dishonored·or issued. In case of..a·crossed .
·. . . ;;,in~her~ (Pe_opie·. G:·~\,j~~ f.:~~;;_'.~~J.1
v:. Lol~/o; 7Q:~8, .• 1$~·~n th·e pl~ce 'of.~~'deposit~ry ~r ~bllec}ing' ..
February 27. 1922). . . ·c.--~--~=-.......
,:- .,. /- 0_
~-baAR;';l.!!. . . . . ,. . ._ • -
·_· 5. !,i!;,_el .~ The· ~cl_ion may be·. 1~!:lft-µted_ /}\.Joe . · . ·. . . ., ... . . . . .. , ... · _. .. , . . ... · ..
_ele~!iOI] ._of: ~e offendE:-9: or_._su1r:,g_ t~?~~~'.~f· ~~ Note: v_enue of~ ~.P.. _elg. _?2,cas~ -~ay_b~ la,ld .
prov1r,ic~ or C1fy:. · .. ~-: - . · . :in the situs· of ·'the col.lecting b~n~- (Mor11/o ·. II.
. a .. · WtiE!'re)h,ellbelpus. artiple i~ pri,:it~d anc:I first P~bple, G.R: No_. _198270, D_ec_em,ber9;. 201.5}:· . ·
.put>lished; · ·, . . _.. .. . . ·. · . : ..: . . · · · ·
b, ·. Jj. cineO-of. the offende~ ·parties. is a_ ·.private 8.- ·-where·_· me·.: c~se ; is·· cogoizable :. ~y- ·the
: ·'individual: where .:::iaici. private:·. il"ldfvictual. s'andiganbayan·'....: Tt;ie·. Jur.isdic.tion·.of. which .
. ·: '. actually·. 'resides; . 'ai . : th~ . time :;' of the. ,depenas upon -the''.nature.' of.the. offense and the
·.. ccirhmjssion,tif the offense;:o·F::_:.· . . . . : . ·positjan, · - of·· th~ accused ·(Stit!J.d()_ .' V,. · ·
·:c. · If- the-· offended p.:frty is· a ."pl,iblic .official, S[!ndiganbaya_n, q.R-. No. 122641;. Jctaqar.y 20;·
. - -where th,e-. latter tiplds offii:;e ~at .th_e tjme··of. 19~7), the offense.need ·not be.{iied iri the·place
, . . .~-. the. corrimisi,ion qf the of:f,ens.e· (R!=V_IS,E;D where the .act· was committed ·.but, where the
. ·· , .. P£NAL ..COOE,Art, .360}'; · .. - _;,. • . court.ach.iallysits; :· :- ..-. . . . ... ·'.': . ..
' Ca~ tii.e
off1fr1i:tec:f'p~rt~--fii_e t~~_cr-~rhin·~-1,:case 9 .. In llleilal recruitment cases·- R.A.. No .. 8042 _
(Migrant Workers: .Act . of 1995) :· a$ :"$mencje.d . ·.
· 'fo"r°cyber {online) l)bel fn thej>lace'where he·
gained:". ~CC9SS ·.·to. ·'the: ·Ji~elOU$ . article provides that .:,i victim of .Illegal· recruitment has· ..
·, . - publi's"hed ~ver th~ ln'tei-net? . ~ . . · the. option to. file .-the ca~e in his P.lace .of ..
No.·"Fi:,r. the Cou·rt to' hold that the· RTC is vested ·· ·· residence or in the· place where the crime was.
'with jurisdiction beqaus_1f t~~ defamatory "article · .. ·. c,ommitted- ·(-Sta. _Tqmas · v'. Sa/ac, G.R. N,o.
was . acces$ed . therein . would . open the. 152642, November 12, 2_012J;:and .. · .··.
floodgates.to the.libel sujt being flied in ~II other.. 1 o. Violations· · of'· . RA 10175 · (Cyb_~rcrime ·
location$ where · the website . is likewise . Prevention Ac(of 2012) - Section 2 p~ovi~.es
· · acces~ec:J . thaf RTCs have juri_sdiction over·any violation cif
·. . ot cap·able . ,.of. b.eing accessed.
· · · ; I .,....,\ .,.¥
\, , ''" "- ;.\1 .· ·u- . .-,~,.,J.- a separa
: ,--r1 . 1 ..,•NO e:iM,7~ arrce"-v·..n~~e · ·· .t_.e procee
· · · a·· t · ·
ing or . ,;)~
·-t :·
i
J:~4lJe.1~l~ryofiyilll~ptlityari.~in,g-fromviolations of t~
..
: . -· ~ULE
.
PRQSECUTIQN...:~F CI~IL ·~
~t
\\ .J-.,, \
1
. '. ~
\\. ._;:-.·~;y ~~"-~'ii
·. ~~
':;t,~~J
.:::A~::::::ieaf
22·.i§ ~ir?.WE:f is_v.,h_e·n the .ci~il case is. filea · ··:t·,
ofth~cpm1r:i~case(l~_Bun T19_ng v. Balboa, ;f~
· A. . · ·- '\., . ~ 1• S( 1FN1~~No,;J,{5817,7, January 28,-2008). . _ . . -r
·.· CTIONs, ;..~~---..::. -d~~-~- >! . ~- ,., .,.· . . . r,~
. ·:,. ,, .· '.':..;:; ,;;;~,."'-~~.f.{Q!~S:f~_pmffigF¢e~ Wh~n ,Sivil A_ction peeined · ·\
· . ~.,..._. ~ . .J -1-,\/f 1!os,t,t\ltea,:,(Ru/l:),111,Sect,on·_1)~· . . · . _,),,
SECTION 1. INSTITUTLON OF CRIMUil'A~:A:ND ,,. , IL.f."1~,_~<:7> • · • · ·· • :')' .
. CIVIL ACTION~ .. filin£(fees are·requir~a:fbr·arrio1:mts of actual : \~'t
-~"'~··====c""'.""°No
' . . . . . damages, except
with: resped'°-:to''. criminat":<.:~_:;;;
General R.ul~: When a cr.iminal·actfon.is instituted, ·'actions ,foi: :vio!atioli of -B:-P.. :Big. 22, in 'wtiict\ · /f
. the civn action fer the recovery of civil ·liability arjsirig case, the offanded-pa'rtyshi31lpay in full the fi_ling. ·Jr
' from the. dfferisEfshall b'e deemed .instituted.,with the . . . fees· based Orl the face value. of the check as.the :j
. E.~iminal actjoo.· · · ~.ctual damagei;. ·' · . . · . - . .., . · .. . : , · ~1
·--=xeeptioFis-: (WRI) . . . . .. -~~els~:~- fo>Ex~~~t;orf of~··a'."P. Big. 22; :rhe .-'.J
.. ·1. When .the offencled party.Waives the civ.il a_ctiqn; _·. ,..reason for ttiis_",is uiat
ddckets: :pf couns are ''.~;
2. Whe_n .the off.ended party Reserves l'}is' right to -clogged with B,P: B!g. 22 ·cases since creditors · :; f
institute a·.separate civil action; . . . . . . · , . virtually -..~se Jh~ ·cou.r:tS: a~ ¢:9llectors.· Because ·t
· 3. When'.:ttie ·offended .party !nstitutes_ a·· civil·. ordfnarily no filling fee is. c;:harged.'.in c('iminal · lit
action prior to the criminal adioh:. . . ca~e·s Jor. actual ·c1amages,,,ttie r:rayee uses the·_.· ~}f
intimid~·t1i1g . effect of. _'tne. c~iminal -.c~~rge · :to . ·}
. Note: Under Section 1 of Rule 111 . only civil liability c9~lect h~s.: c_redit. gratis . .".a~d. son:ietim_~s. upon · · j
arisirig fro.ctl the c"rime charged is deemed ..in_s_tjtuted: .-_ being pa1d,Jpe tr1al.court·1s not even.. mformed .. 7.
Hence· the civil ·action·s. under the· ·Civil Co<;le,
specifi~ally A(ticles 32; ~3. 34, and 21".7_6, ,remain . (i· R.EGALADO,
thereof . supra·at·349).
.
· ~~'?
separate, distinct, al')d independent of any.:cJ;iminal_ :~·
~J
prosecution although based .. on the same act
-------------------------------------------------··- .... _ ..
C~;J.
~~ • ;M.
." IN'
· ., A'
, [''·:p.
_ .. ·R
BAR
: · SAN BEDA t:AW CENTRA~IZf.D
·- ~lt.Ll-\.!11A.:
: Q'!:t:;
\m.,,·;·iD:E.
OPERATIONS - MEMORY-AID ,2019 ·
NMM&Whi If P&Sii A &
Notei. 1~·,es_tafa. c~~e$, lhe: filing· tees ·s_hall· be- : decrease.' the.. amounts· .of damages upon ·the
paid based en 'the amount in.valved (A.M. No. · accused-appellant: (RO~.·. Rufe· -12:tl, . -See: 11) .
. ·o4--2r(),4; Sec. · 21(a),. · August 16; 2004). However.. additlenal.-pertaltles- cannotbe-imposed
. However, .where the . plaintiff has·· paid. 'the_·· upon. a. -co-accused. who did .not : appeal." ·but
amount of filing_ 'fees· assessed·.by the. clerk bf modifications of the .ju~gment beneftclat to .him are: ....
court, and the amount turned out to be dellclent, .conslderedin his.favor (RO(;/~ufe122, Sec-: 11.(a)). ·
. the trial CO Li rt Still acquires [ufisdiction over ·the _-· : . . ' . . .· : . . . I · ...: ·. : :· · . · ,: ' .
. case, subject ·to·:tht:q:>ayment ~y ~he pla_intiff of.).· .Comp.romls·eon Civil·As'.pect; Theoffended party.
the deflclE}ncy _ .asseesment : . (Ramon."s c. v. · ·. may compromise the ·.civ.il. aspect of'i:i. ci:iri)e '(CIVIL
.Sporises·.Gi,Jimoc,:·GR. No. '226645, Auqust, 1$,. ·: CODE, Ar.l .. 2034), proviqeq·that.it must 'b~·entere.cf ·
·. 2018).. . -. . . ··· · · ·before 1.pr.)luringithe liflg!:i_tiori; a·h9 riot' aftar'flmil-·
. ·.. . Judgm_en!_..'Acompromise orrthe ci~I aspect is ital[d.
2. Wherei the .amount of ·damagl;lS,- ·other than: . ·ev.en'if Itturns out tobe uasatisfactbrily·eitl'ier to one
. actual.(mo'ra11 exemplary, and other damaqes);". . ·:· or b6th-~f.\ne· ~a'rties (R~pu~f/q-v.·s~nd/gan6ay.a_n,
· · Is specifi.ed in the 'Cdmpl~intor·lnfor.matloh; the·. : G:R, 'Ne. }0.8292,-Septeinqer10, 1~93) . .'.·. · . · .·.
. co.rr.e~pohding-.filir:ig fees--~tiail, be .paid -by . .the.. · ·. · -;. =· ·: ·• · ' · · .· .. ·· · · · · ·
- .. 'Qff.endec:!.party.-upo_nfiliiigJher~of .in court; .anst. . . .· Criminal ita.bliity fo.r· estaf~ h~:--~Ot -~ffecfed'>b.y
3_-· Where the.offended·part,y·seeks.to·enforce'c,lvil ·. ·.· · ·.cQ.mprd.mise or_novation:·pf. ~ontra_ct {9r._.it. is ·a .. · ·
liability ~·ga'inst'the 'accused ,by·,way' o{ rrroral, . put,lic' 'o.ffe'ns(;l whicti . mus_t be: prosecutei:I. ·and
. riomihal, _ .temp.eratE3 or . exemplary_,.damag_es •.i't'?) . :punished by.the.G_civerntnent on_ its· own·motion_·~.ven ..
·w1t~out. ~pepifylng. th_~ am9.~l')t _tb~reof_ in -~~;~l · tl'lqugh complet!Hepar~tionshould:pave_.bee11 ·1J1~cle
. Com pl amt Qr. Information. {th~;gtan~ .~nd am-ef~9t,.~·.'\\·of the1, d~mag~ ·s4ffered_ by. the =offen~e~ party
thereof .~re.left-to-the sound:!'.l1scret1on of.the~trii'IJ., -1: r, 1-~ (Metropo/Jt~n Ba_nk& ·.Trust.Company v. · Reyaaldo,
.court). th~ f.i~i~g ,feet~ thereof ·sha_ll co.ns,titut? A,:.,:•t;:ii. .;.G:f$.. No. _:ffl.1538,'August.9, 201,.0).' ... , · '. · .
, first . lien . on t~e-. 'Judgment awardm~_..,fuc91''. ,j;i_j!-;!'1.f'k!s:-;~1 ....,,,~y~:·. · · . : :·. . · . , · ·
: damages. - . · .. .- . · · -~-,,.... t'f,'i-·/ .. :.;;) ~I. ·Sl;CT!O,:,.t:-2;~H~NSEPA~ATE·.CIVI~ ACTION l,S I
Any claim which i:ould have be.en the.subjeot tht:?reof . · -'. 3. ·: Ir\ cas~~ · .yhere th~ civil action ls: ~or:is,olidated
may be litigated in· i:i ~ej:>arate civil action (ROC, ... . : . W.ith t~e cril'llin.a! action;.'and· .. · . . .....
'RUl,..E 111, SEC,·-1 )( .'- ·.:·. . . . . . . . 4. ,Where the ·Civil action -ii, not One lntende& to. ·
. . ... .
.· .. :. ..·· gnforce the civil liability .,frisin·~·trom (he'.offense
.:~· . :·~ .:.-· •·.. · . . ·. ·:-·. :.: . . . . ... · . . . . ..
Reasans: . ·'" ... :. · ~
1. · The couritefclaim ·of· th.e accused· :···will :·qnty ..ttie ·civil action·:to recover: tt:ie- ~ivil i)ability
. unnec.e.ssarily ~ompli'cat~ and .contuse the .flowing. fro'm· or arising :frc;>ni the .offense charg·e.d ls
· · - _criminal prpcee~IAgs;.and . · · . /' ; · Impliedly· institu\ecfwi~h the -crin,inal action. (RIANO,
2.- The trial co4rt slioul_d. -confh_,e its·~IL to· -~he si.Jpr.;1_.a(146'-141}. . ... · -- · ' · · · •
. ·cnn\inal..aspect.and ttie
possiblE:l civH ·-liability,of • • : I ~· • ' • • ·, • • ... • •
· the accused arl'sing ciut of the crirr)ei(Repi.Jb/lc'.v_.· Consdlid~ti.olJof c·rlm'inal arid-Civil cases: Be.fora·
-~A, G.R. No. 11646_3,.June 10, 2003). · . ·. 'judgmen\ on' the merits·.is rend ere~ iri the civil a9tion,
'the· sarrie inay, upon 'm·o.tiQn-of the offended ·par:ty;
In an appe~I of·a crimi~al cas~ • .the appellate. court be cons.olicjatedwith the criminal action in' Uie court .
may . impbse addiUonal · damag.es · or increase · or- 'tryin'g the crimi_naf action. · · . ·
6. Ev:_n _it~ ~iv!I ·a.<:tio~ i~ fil~d _s~parate~~~~4.=;-!;~>--hEf · coor:J · "decla~~ that the · a6cl.lsed ~as. J:
. - -deltcto c1v1I ltab1hty .m the cnmmal. pr:osecution. . . !rmoe;ent;. · ~ ... · · ·.• ·: . - ~- -~~
· · . remain·~. ~nd the.offend~d- p~rty may- subject · 2. · · Tlie ~cts or ·omissioRs ·giving rise ·to· the .civil . :il-1
to the control ·of the 'Prosecutor_:, still" interven.e . liability·in the.crimlhal.action·-does not exist; and. ·.-<;
iA '. ttie ·crif'l1i'l)al'.action; ·_in 'order to protect .the, . .- 3." · .Qe.atli_, '?f . _the ··at~used .. (S8€i · disc_µss.ion: on .. _{~
remalnl_ng_ ~lvil interesttherein (Philippine· Rabbit · . Section 4, - Rufe_ 111 fo'r-'qualifio.ations)(RIANO, .,:Ii
. Bu~Llries,In.a. v: People;- G.R._No. 147703, April.· -supFB-at'-123).· · -· _. · - · ': : ::' · · _.. ·. . ~~i
14, 2004); -- .. · · . . ' , · . •. . .: · . _:· . • .. _. .. · ,• · ..... ·: . · -~
.
. Reason: The·enactment ofArticles
.
i:t,
. .
3'3; 34, and'·.
. Instances · When ._th~ . ~xtlngulshment .. of .t!'Je ..
. .. Criminal Liability ·ooes:·N.01' Re.suit in··the.
~i- ··
. ~176 of the. Civil. Code implies.: thaf the· State· has - Extinguishment. of the Civil ·l,.l;iblllty: ·.(RC!DS·
already made a reservation in favor of the ·offended . JEP) . . · . . . · . ·. ·· ·. -. · : . .· ' ·
p~rty. · . _- ~ :: · . --: . · ·. _.: · · . . .. . · 1. ..Jhe -~cquittal· is ~ased o~. Be~~o~~ble···doub(if . j"'
· ·. · · · · · · · · ·· · · . -.ttle civil case has· Ileen t:eserved;. · •· "
P·1,.1rposeifof Artlcies,.3·2, 33, 34,"arid-2176; _. ·: .· -, 2. - The decision ·contains·. a declaration -that the ".;:f
1. Tt> prevent subtle . or'. indirect viola_t{on of. the liability-of the· accus'ed i~_. not:ctimlrral. but. only···, ~f
. constitutional r.fgtits due l9 the lack of pe.na.l '1.aws_ !;ivil in natu"re; . -- : · · · . . .. . . · . . · J
as ·not a!I unconstjtutional acts·a.re P.Unish~ble; · 3. . The ci~,iii liability is not .Qerived fro.in 'or based on · · ;i,
2. The.Pros!3cutcir.01ay be afraid or irjcomp~tiintto the· crimirial act_·. of. which the, accused· is .. :..\
· e·stabU~h . the guilt·-. of. the accused· b~yohd · · · ,
- · · d- . acqu_itteo "(Poblador, Jr_., -v•. Manzano, G.R. Nd. · : ;'jt
reasonable dot!bt~·an : 192391, June 19; 2017) ;·- .. _ · · ·· · .,; ·,r,
Note: The ·c.ivil aetlen based on dellct may be . 3. "If.the· accused.dles during ·~ppeal, .his c_iyil :a·nd
. '. extinquished if there is findin9 on finai judgment crim_inar liabilities are extinguished; and. .' .
· .. that.the act or cmlsston from which civil liability . 4: If. the accused dies after finaJ·judg!Tie•::it, the ..
·. m~y. arise. .. did· not exist (PobJado/: Jr., v. · - pecuniary liabilities -of the accused are not-
Manzano, G..R. No. 192391, .Ji.lne '19;·2.017) ... : · · · .. ext(qguished. Gi~irns ~hall be· filed ,a:~pir\st·the,
· · · · · .' · · · . estate-of the accused under Rule 86 of:the Rutes
.4·.· .: The. Stat~te' oectares thatvthere : can · be no ·, · 1 of Court ·(People. v.
Lipa ta, G.R. ·. NQ: 200302;.
crimrn1ir ·liability but, only dyil · liability· (e.g., . : . ··April 20, 20·16). . ·. · ~ ·. . ·
REV!SED'PENAL.cODE, 'Art.. 33~- ..(hliftteStQ(a·. . ;. ~ ... · ·' ..
;or:maliciot;ts 'inischief .commltied by. a family . .'SECTION 5. ·JUDGMENT IN CIVIL ACTi°c>N'NOT A
: ·.. memoet}; ,. · · ·: ·. · ', · .. · · ·.: . BAR,· ;. ·. . . ·.· ~. · .. ~. . . . , •. . . .
s.' · Articie 11'; par.
(4) of the Revise<J Penal'Code ...:. ._ .: , · ,. . . . . .
:· J,ostifying circumstance: : : ' ., .•.. ". · ·' : . . . . . The jµdgmenf i1fcivil· actions based on· Articles 32,
·6. Artlcle ·12i:pats.'(1-6) of th.e'RevisedPenal Code . · ·· . · 33, 34; and. 2:t7.6 c;ibs~)vi(ig the .cjetendant.fr.om · civil
·· - · ~ some··gxempting circumstances:.and'· · · · : · liat5ility does-not bai..the crirntnal action. ,. ·.' .
~ 7,.' .The -di"Smiss~l ·is. on the: ground of ,erescriptior, Ot ~· · · · · · · ··
.
· ... · crirnlnal aspect (Bµr.gos 'v, Naval, G.R.' No.
219468,,June 8, ,2016).·.. · . • · -, ·
. SECTION· SUSPENSION'
, . ··PREJUDl'(:;IAL.QUES'rlQN ·; ..... ~
6;. REAs·o·N·. OF··
. . .
ev·.
. Eiiforce,~.ei:\t of Employer'~. Clv.il.-·Lla;;i{ty:·· .Ttie ·._,.~. · ::;.: .petitio~ ~or; ·susp~n~ie'n .ot'. the ~iminal ~cti~n. ~y.
emp,lc;,yer l'T)ay):iot ~e neld:¢h,:illy liabl~ for.the 'qiJij~i0·it.· . r~~son ·of:prejiJdicial questiori in.a-_clvil action. in·ay be
d~lict_. since· 11 -is ·11ot ·deem~,!J · ini,tituted wit~/th~<(fr~~ filed. in tl'l'e, office of: the· .Prosecutor· .or the· c~urt
C?rirnina[.action. l(a(~ll .•. t~e :o~ly_ pi_vil__ li_ability of~)~i)A);~,l:c~rldt,icUng tp.e prelimin~ry investigation .. ··, ...
f3mployen·Y-?Uld be,,h1s.:su!'s1diary !1ab1hty unde~jh,~,i:~,~·.:t-:·-·~~,,.:. . · . «ri'ti.. ·· .. ; ... : .. , · ·; • · ·. ·. · ·: ·
.F,evised-Pen~l:-(';ode.· No~(!)WO',:thy 'is the fa_ct·m~f.t~.:~yr~'.irl.i~C):t.i.'f,7\t:i;~~efote, . .a.s it appe~J;s°,. prE!cludes ·motu
s,ub5.id,ia~ liab\lity,: establisbe.d .ii:' ,Arti~!~s.:~J,Q2_ ~~di.::,. ft propri':'·susp7~~i.on:of the <;irimina~ a~tion. lt?OE:!l no.t
~ 03.qf_ the Revised.. P.er;ial Co~.e may__pe, enforced r~~i .. · . prescribe· t~e'j'IA_1sm1ssal·of ..th El .cnmmal . acf1on. The
: ~he_ same. cri!'1Jnal ·c~se b~ filing ·i_n).~i~J cii'!;i~l>-~·1_, rule·J~xs·iu~p~nsior( and,not~d_is.miss~r,·(Y.ap v .
.. act1bn a motion 'for ·executJ.ory .ag~1n~6.t.~e.;::person · l_(·f Paras, G-2. ·(j!o.~0123~. Ja_nua!Y 3(?~ 1992).. ,.
$Ub~!dia_ril~.Ji~l;>l~°lMfli!3'g? Y.: C&(_G:R.N~"'-1:0'1:39t:.. ·
·Febru_a,y.20, 199.6). . . . . . . . ['f<;. 7. ·: q"'..\ · · . : ·. . ~
~~t· · · · · , · . ·
t, f·.. . j! · \\. ·: . · ·... '· . . : .
Note.:. ~etlt1051 _to ~uspen.c.1.- . .cnmm~r: J:lction· .on. the
.
.-: ·. : · .:- . .' ·· >:,:'!/' ..=-~-'2}-~,y · ~- ki·.1·.grouA'J,l~·m·il>l"ej~icl~question.- whem··no civil case
'S_ECTJON. 4 .. 1:FfEG.T ·. OF_~'-~1T~f?Jr-c~V:'H.
. /\CT.IONS :. . · · : ·. · .. ''/~;>,._'\'\ f
HtJ ha_s-~e~n!.'.fjj~1pHr~ui;ll1t to S~c~.7, R~le 1.11.:is_.a
!~'·. · .P~(!~•.b1ted _motion and .shall be .de~,e~: outright
. '. - . . . . . . . . · ."~ .. · . · 1, . . f;:(~d{~!Rdut need ·of CQl'l'.l.ment i;ind/9r oppo~1tion, (A.M..
ff..ule~ in (:as.e of, D~ath of ~he Accus~'!_;,i3:~.. · . : -~=, ...)'}i;~:~~:1.'..1/J~05'-10·SC, _Su~headinq Ill, item no. 2). ...
1. ·If .the accused dfes b:efo.r-e:arralgnmei:it(,fhe........,,t~..u:ll!!,tl~¥) . · . · .: · · ,·· : . .· . · .
~ase s.hall ,be dismissed . .withouflP.rejudfoe'\o -SE~TION . ·7. · ·.ELEMENTS ·. OF· . PREJUD"ICIAL.
_-an(·c~il. action. t):I~ \>ffefld~~f p~lty~i~· ~i~ . · QUES"f!.ON ·. .·. ·. · ·. · .. ·.
· :against Jhe· ,estate of. th~. a·c$used:·(People: \I,.
·.·· . ~yotE!S,_' s.R::f'{o_.· 1029oz. $.ept~m.Per. 2,. 19_94); ~-~ej~di.~lai Q~·~·suo~ .: · · .._- :. . . . .. ·. . . : .
2 .. .If. t!]e . ~t<;:.u_sed. dl~s _-after. ~~a)f)ninent ·,?nc;I ·. · - One Ylhicli arises. in a case, the resolution .of which
. ..dunng the .pend.e.ncy.of the.~rJmln~I action, . is' a: logical ·antecedent of-the issue -inv'olvecftherein ..
. tl;le' ci\iil .liability. €!rising :from :the deli9t ·.shall ,be. and ·thl:l ccigi:)izance ·of ·wJ'iibh.. :pe·rti;iiris to an.other ·· ·
·extinguished .(R..EVISEiJ PENAL· CODE, ,Art. · · tribunal (P.f;l<Jpl(} v.. C9nsing, Jr.,,.<3.R. No. _148.193, .
89, p"ar. (i)); · · ·· · JB.f!UB~ ..16, ~003):. i· ~ · . ·:"
Exc:eptions: . ·. '.· . ,_. ·· ·.. . . If both:civil and..c;_:ri.~in.a!case~ 'i1ave ·~iri)ilar issuei{ or:
. 1: 'wi:,~re. the civir liability is p.redicated on· olher : .; the· issue· in -0ne is'.lntimately ·related, to' the issues '
. ··sources. of. obligations such ·.as -law, ~ontra·e.t, · r:alsed in. the other,:then ·a.prejudrct~I question would
quasi~contract, . · and qu_~si-delict;_ '.01'. ·is an ,likely exist, provi~e:d . tfie .. ·other element or·
inde~_ndent civil action·. The . a·cuon may .be·- · characteristic :is :sati$fied. If ml:lsf appear no.t· only
oontinued aga_inst tl:le estate 'o( t_he·accus.~d·afte_r thaf:fhi:1.-civil case· i.rivolvi'3s -the ·same facts. upon.
prop.er subst\tution Is made. either..' .as· to the .. )Nh.ich the c;:rirnlnal pr¢secutiorrwould be b'~i'sed, but
reJaWes or.the estate; or . . alsq that the r~solu.tion of the issµes·· raised ··in th~
2. · I(' the .'. civil a·ctlpn.·, has · -been· .reseived . .and civ.il acti.ori wo.uldbe necessarily d~terrriinatiye of the
. subseq!,:lenUy, filt'ld or su.ch.civi! action-has.. been ~l!ilt_ pr innoce_nce of the accuse~ (/.d). ·
.instituted. when. ·the ~C.CJ.J.Sed 9ied, such· civil . ·.·· .
. action wjJI: proceed. and substitl.ltio,:i of pai:ties .
. shali be C?.~ered_:bY.lhe.cour:t, ,.
Rationale: ffo avoid. (wo ·conflicting.decisions inthe for trtal'atany time beforethe prosecution rest{,i!'
in
·· civll case and the-criminal c135e'(SyThiohg:'\~iouv. ... its case (Ibid).· . · . ,· · -· ·/:t
. Sy,Chirri, ,<;,.R.)'io .. ·1.z41'~a•. Marqh 30r 2009), . . .. · · · · c··0·,5··ide·red' ... •·.. ,.··,t
. : . · · · . :. · · . Examples. . of . Those· ·Not: 0· ·As·~~
· Efome.nt~ q( a· Prejudici~I Question·(.PIQA) : . . . Prejudicial Question: . , . . :{:
1 :. ·The· clyil action must be ln~titut~q ,e.s;Jqr,.tq..Jhe · 1. · Nulr'itication. of marriage under Ari.· 36 is. not l,/t,
·
criminal ·
action; · · ., . · . · · .· · . · prejudicial question in. criminal .. case. for;-i~t· ....
·2.. .It invaives an issue 'slmllar or !ntima,te.ly. r-el~tea · · frustrated parrlcide f Plmentet'v,'..Piineotel,GR:·W
to 'the issue 'ralsed In th~ subsequent criminal.. . No.' 172060, September'1·3,. 40'1.0).. '. · , ·· ·'·~ ·
·action;·,, . · · .. · .. ·. .: .. ·1• :•• ·:,-- . ' ••· ·.·2. Rescission.of contract Of salenot a pr~j!Jdicl~j
· ·3.. The resolution' .of such ·issue: Determines . . , ·. · questlonto B;P, !3lg; :?2 case. rReyes· V.:,Rqssl,:!l:
.·. whether or not the.crtmlnal action may prpqeed :. · · . ·G.R. No: 159283, .Februaiy,.18,:2013). :~··. : .:....,lt!
; .'and ·: .: . : '.·.. .) : ... :' :·'" ·. · ... ':. -..3 .. Independent civil action based on fraud .Will not:~f
. 4 .. · Jurisdiction jo try-said question must be· lodged . · ·. ·: .. raise a prejuciicial question :to·st.OP:.riroceeding·~~.t'.
, in Another ;'tribunal (People. v.. Arambu_lo, . G.R.. in a- p~hding ~rirriinal.• pros:e.cutio.n.Jor estaf~~;f
. No. 186597; !Line 17,. 2015). · .. . .··: . ·' .. · .... · .tl:J.roµgh . f;:ilsific;atiO{l.: (Jose-Consing,. Jr!. ..;,; ):.
. ·. . ·· .. _ .. .Pe(f)ple, G.R. No. 1(?1075, JJJ.ly-1.~•. 2b13). ·, . jf
The.··c~nc~pt'of a p~ejudicial qu~~tio~ invol~~s a· civi! ... • · ·. 4._ C!vif. ~se on . g;:irhishm~nf :. <?f. ft!ncjs· 'n9.t\{
. . ·. ·. . ~,", ·, . . . . . ~~ u·.
·action arid a criminal case. .· . . . :... · ='="' prejud1c1a• question.to 1;3.P.: .Big. 22 case (Sps,.:,';,..1{,
~Gq__ditf;lnO·V,: San Miguel' Corporation, G.R. Nq;:'.~-
.. Npte_: Ari. admi.nistrative cas~ .brf:l~~·tti~~~uti·.for\,
specific performance ·is• a· pr.e1ud1clak~t1eJ~9-=--=:=-~.....,,,...,[ · ·
. criminal ·pr.ose.cuUon ·under ~ectiqi'.&:~5 of;.~, ~o. · . .
. }:J}J8.7~z;,,)uly
t~)."-.
\ · 24, 20,13). . .·· .:· . · ·: ·; ... ··. :. :·
,6~~~ofh.
lf~
!
;
:L~V. .· //
~ffe))(ifti'ti"
PREUf'J?INARY,: l!'JYES.TIGATIO~ ..
H~N.REqUIRED·
·~":'c~:/jf .
:. ·
·~
ry /nv~stiiation ·. is,' an- , ·inquiry. '. or
.ii>JJ{ffe~mg/)-o. detimine whether. there exists
· · ·
· . . . . .:·;;
JI
J
,z
.··~
.. · . · ·. · .· · ·. · . · -. . . ·'. :;(~~6s~b!ent
:. Test ~O· ~ete1111me. Existe.nc ~ O!! .a f~j "f;l!,QI~. 1.tl'tft~!v.~,dime
~.r-0und to ·e.nge~cfer a_.well-fo.unded.b.eli~f
.. ha.#'been .. c;:o~mitted. arid :that ·the. ,:,'.I
~*~
_Qu.~st_i~!"I· ,To .·d.et_ermine the .~?<1ste~,~~~~X::'l;f-............-.-i:.e~0.n.<t,en~s~P,i;:.obably
preiud1c1al ql:le,stion, 1.t m1;1st ;;ippe.artHc\!~~~~!,c3se= . ;;::-1fe1d·tc§c
gu)lty th.ereof, anc;I shou,ld be·
tfi.af-.6R1ANO,'supra at'183).'' ... · · : .
i ;~
d~e~ no! onl)1 ln\'.OIVe t~e sa.'!'e facts UpOfl,.,fitGh,Jhe. ~j'i '{.,;~\\~·:;pr' .; . .· . . . · ' . . ·."~~
. cnmn:ial prosecution is b~sed but also ~hat.;"'th~. .-J.V
ll Erelimfnary investigation is merely inquisitorial and ,~
resolution· of the .iss_ues rai~~~.'(n· .said· .ciy.~· a~ti"or.i~,...~'.6fterithe o.n1¥~me~ris .of di~~9v.¢.ri!)Q:the p.~rson~. :,~
would . nece_ssary be .. d~t.erm1nati,ve. of. the 9uil.t or who rhay be reasonably charged with a crime and to· /.~
.·. ir:inocehce of trie. accuse9 (tap v., :?ras•.·. ~-.FJ.·.:·Np. . en.able t~e ~rdse~uior... to. P.~~pa're.'hi~· C.orrip\aint o( ;l''i
101236, /fJf.luary30,. 1992). · . · . . :. · · . . lnforrt;ia.trqn (BautJst;;fv. ·cA., G.R. No, 1_43375, Julyt!,;
... .· .. ·' · .· " .. ·'. :· ·- :···· · -6,2001).· :. ,, · ·.. · ,, '·-=:, .. · '.;,;
· When to,f:ile·Petitlon for S~spel)sion by Reason· · . · . : ' . , ,·. : . : ;;
of.~ Pf:ejudicial Question: . . ,. . ·. - .. •· T'tie 'presence of the accusep·or the.offended ·party·":;,,~
1 . .-.Ourin~..the pr~li.minary investig~ti0n; cir is not mandatory in the i1:westigatiori· (ROG, 'RUl'e . ,:~
2, · in· court before th.~,-p'rose.cution·..res~~.. ~J~;~se
· ··(ROG, Rule 111, S.ec. £;).. · · . · . . • .. · ·
· · 1.12,.SEC. 3(d-e)J. . ·.
·
.... · ·. .
• . . . · ,. : . ·,·
· .... · .'
:
· .· ~I
· ;~
. . :· . ,' ·. . . . .· • • . . . . .. ', T.he court may not pas's upori .o'r. interfere ,with the ':·j
Even if one case ls ci\lil and. thEf. other· criminal the. · prosecutor's deterrninatioh:·. of the· :existence· of'·j,
prin~iple o(a ..prejudlcl~i question will not arise if lhe : .·. · probable ctiuse to .file an Information regardles~ ·cif. i~
. criminal case· was. institute~ priot' to·· the ·.ci\lil case · its 'correctness. Hpwever; if the ·puplic prosecu.tor. :~
{f?./ANQ,. supra at 1-61 ). · erred in its determination ..of prob.able·. c·ause, an ·~
· · ..
·where to. file petition· for su'spension by re~son
. ap~al, can· be ,mad!;) ··before the Departmeii~ of
Justice Secretary. :Simu'ltaneously, the accused may':'}
::i
.of prejudicial 'questio.n: . . . . move for the suspension 6f pro'ceedings ·'untff J
1. . Office. of the Prosecutor; or . . resolution of the appeal (SEC.. v. Pri9e Richardson '~
2. Court·where the criminal ~ction has been filed Corp., G.R. No. 1·97Q32, July 26, 2017). . . . ·:~
.. .
·1
552 1 · 2019 SAN SEDA_ LAW. c.ENTRALIZED'BA.R -OPERATIONS .~
·;~
~'ti
'·
.· CJ~!tM+NAt;· P·RO(~\tllJR,E·
SAN-SEDA L.AWCENTRALJZE~:BAROPERATIONS.":'.Mf:MORY AID_,.2019 .
as . Ai#Ai • UMIRF Sl!MCAA& ,ees,ww &&&
. \i ._ . .
>flens ~s.. R~q~I ring:p r~J irpinary. lnv~stig~t·i_on- formally ,,at . risk· ·of _i_ncar~eJation or some.· other
;~ner.al Rule.: Preliminary lnve!itigation is ·requir.ed .. penalty,' ls not a mere 'fonii'al.or tecnnlcal rlgnt; it' is a
,efore ~hEi filing of a Complaint or lnformation.fpr an· !?.ubst~n~jve· right· (Sales. _vs.:Siinaiganbay~n,' GR.
,ffense where .the penalty prescribed ·by law .is at. No. 143804, November 1~. ~q01): '- .. ·. . - ·.
3ast 4 ye.;1rs, 2 months.:and·1~d.ay without reganHo · •.:.. . . -· ... · . .. . ·... . • ., .i.
10.fine ... ··:· · ...... · · lnstancas Wh~n ..: Rlgh~: .. 1p· . PrellitJ!nary
.
:lnve.~tigatforUs.Wajv.ed ·... · · ·· .. ·:. ": .. · _..
:xception:. Th~re' . is no· rigl}t of. preliminary 1. failure- to claim .it betore the accused pleaded
,yestigatl.on' ,un=der Ru!~: ~ :i 2; · S.ei-ctiori.: 6;, when: a · ·. ·. (Pe'8pfev, Marque?,· ($.R.- No; L'",2°3.~5.4,.Ma ref)_·._.
ierson _is.. J~~uo·y .arrested 'iti(h.out e: w?rrant; . -:·29 1969)· . · ·. ·. . .. · .. · :- . · ,.::.- ·,- -:
iowever, the ·. person arrestedshelt b~ ·$ub)ect to'. ·2_. . !-:1,i~ ~.i!,enc'e (f'ilapil ,11. ·_$an(l~ganbay~n;-_.~.~~-.'· ·
1quest proceedinqs (ROC,_ 'RUt.e;_112, S?.C. 6). : . · · 1019_78, Apfll.7, 1993v .' . . :7: : r, · · .·
· · 3 .. Failure to-request .it withln.5 tlays from.the trrrie.
nstances '.-Wf1en f>r.eliminary--l'nv~stigation:--May he learns ·9'f ttre. filiri'g al 'the ~ompi~fnt or-'
3e.o~irian9ed. by: the Accused;.,_· .. .' . . . . . : ·'inforina'tion; _. in' those· -tnstances where . the ..
.' .. ff· ~ . p~rS~(f,'.is arrested; ·_he'_.cah. -ask for a . .accused is la~ully_.~_rrestef _withqut: ·a:.warranf.
·.·. · ·_pr.eli.min?fy inv~stigati<:>n'J>efor'e. the· fiJi~g of tlie {Villarinv, People;·:G.R:.No. -17~289, August 31. ·
C~n,p.Laintr lnformatlon' but .he must sign a . : 20f1).. · · ·
··wai.yer· 'in accordance ,wi!b ~ Article 12? of the . . . ; . . . .
Revised P.enc1L'Code; or' · :. . '· .... : . . A?\. . · Right to -P,:elir~_h,ary. lnv.estigatipn ·1s ,~OT
' Af~er t~e filing_·of t~e :Information/ Co_rnplai~!~~-,-,:.~ Waiv~~=- . . :.. · ·,': · . ... . .-. : :. · · .. .:
Note: As prenrntnary i)iyestigation is not par:t· of the ·3_. Such Qth~r officersas may be authorized by-fqWJ&
trtal..tbe dismissal ofthe case by the lnvestlqator.will such . ast . the .CqMEL.:EC; Ombudsin'an,· and·'.?'.:
not constitute double ·jeopardy ·(F(ores -v, . PCGG . . :' .. ··: .:.:--1~
Montemayor,·G.R:, No. 170'146, June 8, 201,1) and... . . . . .. . . ··· · ·. . . . . :·{:(~
will not bar the ·filjn·g of another· Complaint 'tor. the.. · .. Their :~uthor1ty to -conductpreflrnfnary invesligatio11;;(
same.offense, but if. re-fifel:t, the· accused is ·entitled · . sl1all include all crimes coqnizable by· the _pr0pet
. · tc.i another preliminary investigatioi-1. ·. . . . courtm their respective tefritorial lurisdiction. ' . ·.:'·.
. .. .. . : ·. . ·. . - . ·: . . . : . ·r:: . : . . ' .r~·
: The : conduct bf•.
preliminary '.· investig~tion.. Offe·~s~$ ·F~lling .with.in .the ·orl~inal Ju~isdi~tlo-·~·,
. proceedlnqs ..:....:_ whether by the. Ombudsmanor t;y a
publlc prosecutor .~ is !)eared -, ~nty~to··_determ(ne .
.: oi · )~~-; .
San£!~ga_n~'ay.~n:. · _Th_~ _. :?re!i~in~i"f
·.thvestigation of. cases,falhng under1he.1unsd1ctioh of...
whether or. not probable cause exists . to h'old an the S.andiganl)ayan·. sf.I.al.I'.· t:>ei .' conducted th~~ in
ac¢used-(t:!spon~eri~ for trial for the .supposed crime manner prescrlbed. in .Rul~ -1 ·12;-,S~ction ..3 · of .'the.'.'
.. t~at, he committed. The. yal[dify . and nie~~. _of ·~: . RQC. ·. U.po~ · the J~ftmin~.~or:-i. _qt: t~·~·. preiliinfn~l:Y·.i
• . p~rty's_ defense . or acclisauon;_ .as ·well,. as the jnv~§ltigatjon, th_~. investigating QfJfi;;~r.s~all ,forward.
a~missibi!ity of t~stlmonle.s and evidence, ar~rl;>ett~r. . : the ret:ords qt the. case. togeth~r. wit_t:,.his ·resolution.:-
. ventilated during.trial proper thar:i .at the pr~li.miiiary . · to th~. qesigriated:: ~uth.q~ilif?s .for·th~ir. appropriate ;
investigation level (PCGG v; ·Navarro~Gutierrez, .. : .actfo·n thereon (Roles of P.rocediir~·of the Office of.
· G:R~ No_: ,194159, o~~?ker 21, ~()~~).. . ... "~~:~~'~-~~dsmarz; Rule 2j Se~: 4):. .. · : .. ·. :. . . ·:.:
iit
~fillli/!4'1'6e P.OV1fl~lh~OmffMsman)omak_e inv~s~gati~ri->i
,.J;-C,·eit~~t;ld§ !l~{ahnllegal .Or OIT!iSsion Of any_ pu~itC . t;
~~b ·..the ·same is ·commltt~ 'in . ·'h
. . ... . . .. ~-~-~- i!ll~.,~. . ...
_
· ,:o ascertain wJ,e.ther the To\\d.etenntne·~r:Q..
:--:'-' ~ : ..
. ..
·~x'btf!.ci.fitf~~6theb'
~<1!;~,~ff~fJp, nis t4'!fice: \'is however. does.pot include ;.'].:
:~~ iaj.Stratiy.ti~~ses!fif o~urt p.er~bnl')'elbecaust;l thEY. ,,r
It
··.... alleged, offender ·s~ould cau!~ for· tfle rs~?. ., ·~~1 87\~on;titutionefclusively.v.ests iA the Supref1!e ·J;
.. pe. _held for.. tl'iat, . to be of a -~~rant ot~~est§ · IEN1:§;)i~~tfi.i_nistr~tJ¥.e·~upervision _over au ,court~ an?. :}
.. ~UbJ~cted. , . to.; -t'1e · • · ,. _/"o'~'-c--~£9:Ui:t.9..e.rso,A'Mlf(Caoib_es v: Otnbudsman; <;;.R. No. , ,:i
. ·expen~. . rigors. a~d . . : ~,~:~->r),; . . 1 ~!:(r..).J..a1ytli9,--:2001).. . •. . . . . .. · ·_. . . . . . . . .. ::..
~~ba.rrassment _of tr1a1.
. _or. if. t~e.offender 1s to be
.·
..
. ~, l--.J _ lvf.P\.t1-;;-~E-_·. ;. . . _ .· , :. _. _ ·, _.
: -~~~ ~=;;:,;:;J~1~~t thefonqtipn·of_tfi~ Offr~~:9ttlie Qmbudsma!:1 · '.J>:
. __ :;
. releaseq · . to rule on the gur(t o.r 1l1!1dcenq3 of-the:aocused .. lts ,'!
· ·, function is· to weigh the e11id.~hcep·resented together · f;
. with.' ttie · counter:a11e.9a.t.ions· of thEf accused· ·and : jt
_determine,if_there wa_senough reaso"! to.believe that <t;
a crime has been cominitt~d and· that the accused - ..i~
·.. are prpba.t>i'y guiity ·.thereof. (Ganibe . ·_oFfice of-tfJe · v. Y
. Ombudsman,·.-G.Ft· '!Jos, . 21201-4"15, .. 2-1tf2f-:2B,·, · f
.. 21_269.4-9_5,, 2J27~1·9.5,·: 213477~7-8, 2J3??2-3;3, ··.)'@
213536-37 &·218744.-59; Der;;ectiber 06, 20'16) . .- ·· : .-:,,..,
.. ·. . . . . .· . . . ~. . . : . . - .- . . . . . . . .. : . . -';, .
(RIAN_O, suprjJ at 190). ··~ . ·· .... ·. .,·, ..
Ombuds·man's -~qi)s~ic,tioi1 ·in P_r~lin:ilnaty
.'SECTION 2.: OFFICERS AUTHORIZ~D TO· ~rr,;,es~1QatiOn -. _ .· -~ :-
CO.NDU~T PR~LIMINARY INVESTIGATION 1. · '·lt : : the .. ·preliminary ir:we'stigation ;hall · · be
' . . . condu'cted . for . a cnme cognizabre '• in
Persons: Authorized to Conduct' a Prelif11lnary· Sandiganbayan,·the On:ibµ~sman· has· primary
·investigation:. {PCANRO) . Jt.triidlct1011. Thus,' the Ombud$.man can ta.ke
1:. frovincial or. ~ity prosecu~ors · and· . their ·over . 'any preliminary• .. (nvestig~tion .. ',being .
· Assistants· . · ·. · ·· · .' pe_i:torme_din such .mariner;
2. . National a~d .Begiorial state pr~se:cutors;_ and
2. If the preliminary inve~f.ig~tion Is conducted for a . or. any penalty the service. of which would
crime cognizable in. 'any court other than the amount · to : removal from office because by
Sandlganbayan, .the Ombudsman only has. constltuttonal .. mandate,· il:iey··· can: 'only: be
· -concurrent" jurisdiction. · Thus, . if .. the. : . .remcved. from, office -on. impeachment for, 'and
.. Departn:,~nt of. Jusnce is ~I ready perfcirm!ng-t_he. - . '· · ccnvlctiori : .9f, . . culpable .. violation.. of · the.
. preliminary irivestigation, . the ·. Ombudsman . . Constitution, .. treason, . bribery, . ·:graft: ·and ·.
·· . cannot take· oY~r :the· irrvestigatipn (Uy., v. . corruption, other :high' 'crimes, ·or· betrayal of
· Sandiganbaya.o. G.R Mos. 1059()5;70,· M.aieh. ·· ·
_2(), 2001); or · · · · · ·· · ·. ' · ..
. p~~lic trust {CONST,,_;Ari: sa,
See. 2). ·.
Gui~e;;nes ·t~ Be.: 6~s~~~~: lo :th~ iln~esti~·au~n . . : 3.. : T~ ~,~:·a~ ln;~~~~tio;~~;~fl .~ff~A.Sen'ot.'i~v~;Ving ..
and Prosecution ·of. Cases·· :~gi,iinst ·. Pubnc: · pdblit:.bf'ficersiemployee~·(R.A 677o;·~e.c. 15). ·
Officers'anc:I Empl~yees:.. · . ·· .. ' , .. : i , . . . . . .. . · . . -~. . .
1. Prehrninary investiga~i.on·:. and prosecution of A1,#h<;>riti of the ·PC_9G . : . , . · ": · .
offenses · .commltted · by$ publlc ·<;>fficers and, . The- POGG: · has the ;·-power to· investigate -and
employees: _in'.
[el~tr~ii ·to offi~e'. .... W.h¢ther.: _;..·",: · · prbsecufo. s'uch i1J-::9ot.ten. w~alth cases· of {prmer·
c~~izahle py th'e San<;figanbayan olth~ r_egu}&\(/;t{.. ·President Mar~osi-his··relatives ~fnd .associat'.es. 'and ·
. cci4fts, -and .. wtie.ther filed with)he Offiye. of{lt\~),,-:~:-. gra~. arid·: ·corropt-. prac~c;es·. cases that: may' ~- . ·
. Ombudsman or with the Office oflhe;.P.rovirj,c;:jijf/1.·M.!'-'\1 assigned by:ffie. President .to the PCGG:to 0!3- filed
r.:
City P.r~s:icutor. shaU b~ under t~e ~cont.ro(a..hid''. :..f J_wi.t~.:·tn·e,_Sp,~d(g_~n_baya'n . (Crl!Z:· v:- .:cA: G.R:, N_o:.' .·
_supervision of ~e .off,c!;! of.~he 9~bt.J.~~s~a~{;;'··i' iiti~?J§~/}/fffJ.tirp_9ry-26,1·9..91).· _· ~ .: _· ·--: .
. . ,. 7'' ~ ..
..........._'}}, . . . ., .
~. Li~les~ the.Qrnb~dsrilan 'under i!~rs;#fi]iuti.~P~-7;·,yk ·-~~~~~~iiy ~f~p~~LEb: . · .:_· ··. · .. ·'-. . .. ·
m~i:,c;late fincls. re.a!,Qn, to. behey.~x~Jhei:w!~~,:-:-·!'1 !~: UndEir th~/P(~;i~r,itlaw, the COM~LE;C-and .dther i
offen$es no! in .relation . J9~C?ffic,~~/.and . tJ . · pro.s.ed.itigg'~ni'li> pf. the· gove~nm~nt, such as the i'
c_ognizable by the regul~.!"3./edurts\sfi'atl,. b~, f,:>, boJ, nof,i.. e;~~i"ci\~.coricurrent j1,1risd),ction in the·
investig~te~ and prose9,q~~f by~J~/~;f)ffice..o'l'.\. lf:r.Jl · !nve,stf~.~i9_n1~11.d ~f~S~_cutJon of ~te~tion. off~n~el?·· · i.
the·.Prqvmc1all_ CJtr_P~o~.~~otof,t1WJi~ch. st,-?~. .~,1 (R.A~9!·'i9.!~f;;;;~q;~$f3).. , . . , !
rule
.
thereon . with fmahty
.. ,
"-'.-. .. ,,,,,..,.._.!'!
' ":_-...": -~~·lJH~
,~-!
,..JY... },,;f
tt{f , • "..!(f.·~'.-. , •.,;~.,, • .
- -;--..:i:.;J.•_.-· ·
.. .. • . •
·
, · , ' I
.,. . . · : . .. . . · · ,.,~;;r~r\· . ¥· If) ln_~tead. of..~-'':'lE:re_ ~eleg_a~~<:I a~~-?cit}'., th_e othe~ !
3. Preparation of ct1mmal ln(or.matlpg ·sha!j ;be.the, . · f / •..,.....pr8sec!Jtio._g_.a~s of-..t!'l~ 9overnment, · such: as {he· .
responsibility of the investigating\,_offjber;·~ho ,,...c ,,f'·'··~'CP.~;;-,i~.o~ eterbise coi:rcurre!\t Juris<;!ictiqrj_ .with the, ,
·cenduc~e~J. . th~ ... · prelimtn~ry-~;I2,.vestr~~~~l'i~.....;Ji~~-qfv!_'E~~&.to ·conduct _prelimiriary-inv,esti~ation ·gf a.11:·
Resolution~ , r~corno'H3ridu:i_g ·. \p{o_si1~1on :~ . -elect.ion off.ens13~~.fl<;l)o.'pw\S,ecute.the sc:1rne (Arroyo·.
. . ~ogether with.. the duly' acc.ornphsri~~'>:-.~f!..,mJnal· · v .. DOJ.,. GR:'No .. J9f}082; .July 23, 2,01.3),.
, . Information ~ ., shc:111 .. • ~~. ·: to~a.rde~ · _::..,~ · ·the. . .. · · ·· · · ·· .. · ·
appropriate .approving,authority. ·.. . · ·:,· ':. · · .· . _Effects:. . 9f ·. an· .fn'~ofiiple\;_ j:,r~.ff~ln_ary/.
4 .. Censio~~~~- that:·t~e··bmce ~f. t~e:.~~;;ud:~~h..
has jlirr~diction.'· over . ·publjc ·. officers,._. ~rr~ ..
f~~Y~f?}~:~\~~t-.· ·warrant
. ;
·the· qu~~-b~I . t-~~: :,
'1nfon:n~tiorj (Budiongan, .Jr ..' 'v:.. be· fa Cruz/'.Jr.,
_;f
emproyee;i and 'Jar ·effectiv.e' rnonitorihgrnf all G.R: .No:. 1.7b288, SeptE;lfllJet 22, 20(!6). · . --. -
lnvestigati'ons and prpsecUtiOO$ . pf' cases··-·· '.2 •. {~-does·.not affoct th~.Couct'.s jurisdlcl_!O.IJ.. Or. the
involving'· pi,iblic offi'cerii · and · empfciyees~ the . · ·_,validity: -of . the )nfoi'mation .. (Rodis' · · v.
Office of 'the· 'Provinciali 'City' Pro~recLito{ shall ·. . ··~Sahaigqnbayan, G'.'R. Nos;·71404-.09,. October
submit to 'the Qffice of.:·thEf .-Omptidsi:na-n·.~· 26, 1988),· ·: ·· . ·· . ': . . .. · . .
.'. monthly - list'. of 'C'O!TIPl~ints . fil$d :··witn:~·their. \ ·. ' .. · ? .. .. . ... · ., ·
.respective offices .. against' 'pwllli.c .:offiters:'and N.~te~ ·Jtie, CO!JI) :can· C~!JJ.1;>!!1 .. tt)e ''F~ri;>s~Clltci'r. ~y.
employees. · (B.usiu;go .. v.... Office ·d{ .' ·the, . manqarrius to co.nd·uc\a l?relim.inacy investigation
Ofribi:Jdsmari .Mindanao; · GJR. ·'No .. : 196842; . · . . · as . i~ is his minist~rial·. duty: Howeve~. the. cdurt
· October g;. 2013j: · · ·· · · · cahnot compelJtJ~ P.rosecutor by mandamus·.in the
. de~er:minat.ion ·.. probable . ca'use . dudrrg . a
The Orribu~sman DOES: NOT Have'the'F~iloWjng 'p(eliminary. irivestigatio'n as_
th}if is' his discretfon:ary
PQwers: . . . . .. . duty·· (Angchangco . v;: Ombudsman, G.R, ·No:··
1. To· prosecuttf before the.· SM(!iganpayfin ;-any ·122728, Febr0tfry'·13, 1997). ·.. ·. ·
in:,peachable officers with. ijny offense. wl)ich
carries' With 'it 'the penalty :of rem.oval from office,
t .
I
t-
j
r
IS· the·\~spo{ld~nfin·a· preliminary inves.t'igati~~ . the .: City Prosecutor, .even ' if. the ... lnfermation
entitled to btHurolshed with the counter-affldavlt · .: contained a -certltlcatlon that· the ACP. had prior
·. of his co-respond«in~s?.· . · . · ... .'... . · .. · ". ·· ·. ·. · · · w.ritt~n.authorifyfroni'the CP (Q.uisay·v •People, G:R.
No. Both the 'Revised' Rules of Criminal Procedure N.b'. 'J16J2<i, Januar.j;t'.13,:20.16).' . . · .· .· ··
and, the ·RiJles-.-ot:Prodedure: .of the· Office.of the· · ': : .. . ·· , .. •,·· . .. ·
. Ombudsman- requlre' 'the _jnyestigatinQ_ .'officer . .to =. Effett$ of ·exclusion of.Other'Peraona.frorrithe
_-. ft,lr'nii,h.th¢ respon1:fenty.ith copies o[Jhe.affid.avits of . .· ·~nforination:: .> • • .". • : • •• • • · . · •
· the,. complainant. and" affidavits' ~f his' i,iJppoi:ting: .· 1.· lf.'durlng. the· trtat; .e_t,idence is 'shown that' Stich
·. witnesses,' .Nelther _of ·t.hese .Rules .reqofr~ 'the .v-" ·• ·persons.sho.uld.have·beeh charged, the fact that :
inv~sti~atinQ officer- \q.;fum,is~ -the' _respbrid~.nt' wi_th: . .,... t!iey .were nor .included in. the Inform ati.on does.
·copies of the affidavits of: hi~--.co-respondents, The· .. · riot._relieve.fh~m of c.riminal_ liability,. and th~y car:i
right qf'. the: respdndel)t is·:.only.· "to' :exan{ine· the· .. : b~-slibs·equ~ntly'..pro~.e<;:1,-\t~d:)t_jsnot a JTi'cid.eof
. · evidence submitted:· by : the - c.ompl.alriant,". ·as · .. e;xfirrguis~ingcrim·i~al·ffability:(REV/SEQ 'l~E(Y~L
·inc'preSsty .stated-.·in· S\eC. ~3 '·(b)~ .. R~I~ ·_1,1.2 ·Of. .the . . · \ .'· .coq~ Art: 89);• · · :. . ·. . .. . . .
Revi~eq Rules of ~ti~lnai P·ro_cecfureana,.wi:,e(~ ~e Ji?~ : ~:: ·.Tfle. ~.cc~sed who has bE1en . ?h_arged :"'ith· ttie
~seal. ~ets ·-~ · he~,rin~ :_.to_ propou_n9 clanfit;~t9,~:,,, · offense:1s·_ mit all_ow~d .to escape punts!'lment, .
questions· \o · the ·p;:i~ies·· br ·.thei_r· wi~~ss~s.·.10:~.~{f!\:.. ~~ely b~c.ause.. it ·9-ey_elPPfir\the.co~r~e of .~e ·
. pffotded an opportunity to b~.prese.~t,t>.~l w1,tho4t;\h~t·!'.-:'.:ga . trial t_h.c1t thef~ were .o~h'er .QUiity P.ar:t19..1pants.1n ·
· · right·t? exam in~ or c~oss-examine {Estrada. v: <:/ffj9~µ t!;r:.....":". /M trf1'!t3.lU:~'.·v. .Abat!'zado, .C:i.R N~- l;-128[!7,
. of.th~. Ombudsman,,: G.R. Nos. 212140,41, J~a~/V~:p.,,.1J!t:/f.e_Pr1/af}'lj5,J918); and ..... · .· ·. -..
. 21, 20,10): .· , . . . · - . - .. ,,...·-~t1t . 1-..!· t~: · 3 .. 1n:1_o"es\o"?.t viti,3.te·the·v~liditY. of the 1nfor~afiot1.
: . . . : · · . (';?'·' ~ . · ./}.dli: . . N.~Jther~f~'iJ.h~same:a. grou':1? for. a motio.n .to
.-: ~~~.1~·'.efb!o.:~~~jit;~ir~b;s.::r~~~~~\~t-~f?~.r,~~lll: -:: .:..-~u~~~IRf:{R:~f-.1.1,:·· ~!· . .. ·. . . ·
.s~c.
· prehmina.ry · mve$bgabor:i _ the,.:··_p'resen~,-~f~.~~~ ·
accusefJ:(or ~s !<>n~. a~ efforfit9:.re.a_9~-,~i!J1:
f:,~ · .Effect :.1,tf.-1nt~r~~1on .. ls · Fl!~d by ·Off.1cer Npi.
wer~~-··lit{··· ~4tl)~rJ~ ~y.f.~~~ , '·. . .. . · . · .: : ·· : ·
.mad.e_. <;1nd an ppportu11~ty to c<2qt.rove·rt·t,t'l,e·'?V1d~Q@~. f,r·1 · Lack'l~f ~~P.1J~·Y1~.0W,'the_part. of t]le· fihf)g: officer
of' the complai.nc1n~ is. accordea',!2. hirp::;(¥,~,;cade!!;i,f~ : e'1 · pr~ve:ntsJ;.t~..:.:..CQllrt"frC?,acquirin:g
m· j_ur.il?diction. ove'r
. C~,_ _Q.R:-No .. 10903(,,, Julyp;- :19ptf{:,n~ . ,~-. )/ ·.·the c~~E;t::A~ iOfitmi.t(i~:th~f'n~l?fo:1ation! such.a~ ·lack
. ... · . .
1r;J
· • · . ·.. . . , ·. . _ ~: ,, .' .. '[,'} '· '... _ · :~~-9.if.lutl'lpn!yophe·<;>fflc~r s1.9rn11g 1t, .c.annot·be c~~ed .
. SECTIO~ . 4;. Rl;SOlU;noN · OF INVl:l>!J.GATING · , .;ir~:1·,.1;?,Y11.:f:Sj!~g.g~,\;9cqu1~sce9c~•. o~ . even. by.· e><pre~s . ~;
.· 'PROS_ECUTOR AN~ ITS REVIEW . {l.:. ·.,'-""1}:~·.ti.lJ!!.cdnsent:(f.~bp/e, v. Gartin, _G.R: No., .1,53'.176;._March
.· ,: . _ . ... · :· · · . · ·. . . : \i.:r c'r.JJ' ·. 29, 29p4).. .
. Wthe inve.sti.gatihg' P.r~ise·cutor finds pro·6'~1~ faus.e ···
. 't9. hold the·r,~sp6,:,de[lt:for:_trial~.h~ shall pripafetl1ef : Unc!er Ruled 17, ·.sec. 3.. (d), the accused;rnay·rrrove .
. r¢soh,1ti9n.and lnf~rm<;'ltion, · ·· · > · ... · ' . . .: ·.
fo~qupsh-th~ Complaint or lpformatiori on the gr9und
thaf.the .. officer .who ·filed. -ttie-· Information had :rio
<
· <::nnte.n(s· of <;:e:rtlfic.~ti~.n ·• · 'ot . Pt~tffn'1~~ry _, a1;1thority1;todo s'o.. ··.: . .
.· . .
. : ' .... .
.. l!lvestigatl_on: ·. ·' .. - .. '· ·.. . .· . ' . ' .. -·!:·
' ,:t,e ii;i.vestigating'.:pfficer.shall :.Certify unde'r' oath. in . tietermlnntion· -of '-'Assistant· Fiscal: or .·state
tt.ie Information that· · ' · . · ·' · ; ·. ·. · . . . , . : Prosec1,itor:·:- :[he· 'tleterrnfnafion : ·rnade. by . the
~r. as.
· 1 :. :- · 1:1~ ki13· -~uth«;>ii'i~·d_~of!icer, ~~'o~n . RY. ihe. a$sistimt fiscal.or sfate ·pro-secutpr· in: his reso.lutioh
· , re.cord, per~on,;1lly ~.x::imil)1:1d ·th.if ..cor:nplain~nt is :at b~st (e.ciomin~ndatory, .. their· fir]dings rriay he_
. . .. . . a.nd hi.s,witness.es;· ... , . · · .. , .- · . . · reversed or modifje_d._by.the .Provin~iaL·or.City fiscal.· ·
2.·. There is· ·re~$oi:lab1e· .gro.un~ .to· believe ·:111at·.a
. ' .· . ·. . . . ..
· crjm_e: has.. beeri c.fl.,:nmitted l:lnd th~ .?~cused .is . . ·v.J.h~r~·. the ·j~v~~~gatihg' Pro~~~UlO/" ·~~com~ei,ds
... Pfbbl:lbly·gu_lity th~r.~of;. . . · . · .:. . ;.·.... - · . · · the· ~rsmi~sal. ,ot. t11_e:...· c.a.se. b.wt hi~ .findings: are
. 3:' The;.a.ccused. was infon_:ned.of_the'Cc;,mplaint'and . reversed by the .Provi.hcial or City Prosecutor on Hie·
· of the evide.nce ag~inst him; ·and . · . gr.pµnd ti\at a pi'Obabl~ caas!3 e·xists, the. Provindal
. 4. · He · was . .'giv~n an opportunity· to ·. submit or ~ity .Prosecuto.r·may himself tile or direct another
.. controverffng.evidence. . . .
·. . . . ... . . . assistar)'t :·Pr9sec.u~o.r to file·· the · co'rresponding ·
lofomiatidn, 'with our: m~ed· ·of· .another .. p'reli(llinary
:Na. 'Complaint o:r '1nfqn:nation ·may ·be''· filed. or ·investlgaticirf
. (RtANO,
. :~upr:a ·at . ·184).
dismissM by an ·1iivestigatirig Pro.secutoi without Uie · . '. .
prior writ~en a_uthority or a:pproy.al of the 'Pr~vJn9ial or
.
. • . A
-
. M
-
Forthermor-e; ailowing the DOJ' to -tak·e co~nizanc~. ·!!
.
22L1f8
~-~
. ii:
·-:..;;.
An _aggr!eved party. may ·appeal by'filing_.a·_verified ofthe appealon the resolution doesnot undermlrie,-:·J"'
:petition for review-with the Secretary of Justlce, and. the:ir.idependence. and'integrity \)f-th~_court where .·?l
· by furnis_hing copies there<?,fto the ~~verse pi::rr_!Yand · the lnfo"(matroo::. has . been filed. ·. The ·.real ·-~nd ·. -;.:;t.i
the Prosecution. Office . .issuing the· ·appealed .utttmatetest of the independence. and in~·egrity of ..
'resolution (DQJ.Circ.uli/r-No_. 70-.dated-.July_·3; 2000, · 'thts court is not t~E(fi!ing ·of thernotions to' suspend,<
Sec. 4). · · ""· .... · :, .· proceedinqs,and· to defer a!raignment-at.thar~tag~·
· ··· · · of -the proceedinqs 'but -the filing ·of-'a motion fo,,:
The. appeal sh~ri 'i,~ . _taKe~-i-ithi_n '1s :·ci_ays_.from dlsmiss.or to-withdraw theInformation.on the basht7-
. . . receipt of the resolutlon, o_r .of the ."<;fenial· of· ~he··. . · ... ·. of a resolution of the.petition for review. reven~ir\gthe:
· motionfor reconsideration· or-. rel~vestigati9n.. _if.9he appealed resolution (Id.), . · .'- . · . · · · · , ·.: . · . · ·.: ·
has been fi1e·d-with1Fi·1·s daysfrom receipt of the· .. . . . . ' ·. ·.·,·: .. · ,· ·.:·.-..:~
assaited resolutlon. . :9-n1yv ·. :bne, . ,m.?~iq!'l· for Guidelines· when the-. Petition. for'. R_eview·Was·.:~'
reconsideration shall be· all_oy,1ed,(DOJ Circ.ulw.No. ·g.rant~d by ttie·ooJ, .. · · · ., ·· :_:· ~· . . . .. -.' . ::\·'.'.~
70,· Sflq:.3) .. '. ·" · · · .'· ·, · ·. -1-: .. _If th.e :~~se.i~ ·not_ye~·f,lle:q ir:t,.t~e-~9i,11i, th~ QOJ .')~:
· · · ·. ·. · 'can order tlie :Prosecutor-t9·.e1ther fll~· or refr:i:1J11.. ,,..,,.,
Unless. the'. S~cretar-y.dir~el~ ot!ietwil>~_.':(he app~al-.. ·. -: rr.orn. filing the' case, In ·.this .i_n~tf,ln~e•. the court.<::".{:'
shall not : hold· the ·filing .. of ·.the' co.rresponding .: . has ·-nb discretion on· the. ac\&: of.tl:le Pr:Qseputor . J
. Information ·In cci~rt _on the '.ba'si~.:~f th·e· .~n~ing of ·.·-""' . : ·(ROQ; Ru~e · 112, S~c. A): R~_~son:··.Th~=ffe.(S 119 ·\t:·
.Pr?.b.~qle. ~~.se 1n ~h.e _appeal!~ re~olu~_:,;e_07J ~~~.t3 flied-in cou_rt.(C(e~pc;?-~ Mogul, _G;R_'. No.. L-_ "':)
C,rcufar Np . ._70, Sf!c. 9).. . . . .. ._.;.;ft.' :·, Cf. . \ . J~~f 5l;3~~e 30, .1Q87). .. . .· ···.• , -~
· :_ . . . . . ·. . . : . · .,f,9:,:'~. [-. ~- .
,:-he.i:lp~llant an.d the_tqal_ Pro~ec!J.J~ s~il!}epi~•f:"-:
-:,,,.,,;_;,:aq;~~·!fzth1cas~ is !3lrea~y 111~d i_n .CO!,lrt',. th~. DQJ ··i
. . -:-:<r-r:i.wst4'd~J\,the prosl:lclltor-tofile fo.r,a p~t1llon ~o · ·: {
. that; . p~ridin~. resoluti9n:· of:ir,!-fi{),:ap~~--~~-di°sfr1l\s.~1n,. t::{i:vt· -1:iowey_er; ,IU~hal_l. be i_n the .:-
. pF~ceedmgs· m ~ourt ?r~ h_el97•~t~· nC!3-(DOJ it -w.. _dis'b,feti'o1'r9J;thJ1\?urt_whether. or ~otto grant the-· -~J
.'. C,rcu/ar. N__g. ,7°:· Sec. 9/ .. _· If_ J....'x_YJ · ·/· , ]P) .!,~ j6~ ·peti\on 'l
. · · . ·u d.· d.~
tq ~ts'm.!st· (Robe.:fs, Jr. v. CA,: supra;
Orespo vJb~;,.u4 \G.R.No. L-53373,. June 30,
;J
.-~
Note_: _Sec:9, p.:=ir. ,2,ofthe. ~!g__ cir.·~ 1flr al _irec1e r· l'·,~_,,98,~J. · -,~ ', ~ · ·. ·.. ·· . ':'~l
spec_ifical~y,~tt~e·app-!3_11ant ~nea1nalPrps~i~.t.%-JI--=~ ·-, ( ·, '?=..\ .· , .. ,. , · ... · . _ -. . --~
giy.in~j-~ht::m-lat!tu.de 1~ clio9~·. ~g afrfm~dy_(o_ ens~re~Jl.Sft~edij,s·
that the prOCeE:dlng.s In CO!JJ:.,~'{3~~e.ld·m·.a~~yan~~\Tir!lP.~l(e~oh,1Ji1"
of h_A..9..9.fje'\rc.tl.. P;':lrty· ·Ag~iP_st :the
, ,rj~j>f q,d~~i!.4~etary ·. . , ..···. . . · .. .
1
-~~
. 1-;loweve_r,'novm~re 1n the:-s~~d pr~~1to~~+j!.1=>ta~e-.,~-i...f~'l.-:"'~FW~ ~ypetftj~q,..w1dc.E:rtiora_fl_.\-J.l}.d~~Ru,1_!3 ~?on--. ~
that _the,. c;ourt ~-u_s~ h_ol<t.:ft~~),'\'.rpc~.~·d(l'9 ...s · -'~ 1 ,l,~;..- gr_21:ll'J! s otprave,~Juse.of dasc~~tlo~ r~su!tmg·to .')J
abeyance,_. Therefore,__ the ~srlr.et10~,:o~~~(>,Urtt_:ff,·i""'<~~ia'6_rc.,o'r ex9ess·c?f'Wri~diction:{D_e Lima. v. Rey~s; · :f1
'l.(hether ck not to ~uspend tli~_·proc~i~in~~~r~~..,. ./i4a~F?.. Ncy}20933q{Jt1rwar1,11,.2016); or-.· . · ,;'!
ln:ipJementation of ~~e: warranl+.~of: a~re5:!, -.-upo{1~-~~-2~~ing:/c1n. appefal be(or~ : thjil Offic~. of: tl)e ij
~oU~n of-th_e· appella~J or ~e~_:tnal p~~eG!,l!.ot:']El@P.r~sfti~t an~%e.a.~ci~ion_ofthe_l~tter may-be ·. ~
. rem~1ns unhindered ·(V1udez :/I lk~CA,:J"~9- . · ~tJer.=--- -~ppea1\icN:i~forethe CA pursuant to Rule 43 (De·
. 9 J 5 2009'1
152~8 ~- _une , .· .'-> .
.
.' . ·, · " u-r . .l\;H
; /l /',_,
~ -.:..,.,..., .....,,,"'=--....,,......,..- - ~ ,>- .,,., .
-,1J,,ci!.£Jl{ip'V.'. . S~CrE~tary oCJusfic~•. G.R.: ... _.o, : _]
N
-~
..
·T ....,.,e Secre
· · 1ary=may.
· . ' . ·: · . . · : ~""~- _.;{, .
.._.....,..,,, . , --~\..!'!.1t932,
__..,,:::""" :· _Ja,:iuary, . 25,, . 2006) . . . .. · . . . · . . . . -~,.
:1. :. (?rde,:.for. the REtinvestigatio~ of the c~se. (OQj'~"~relali~n'to the Roberts,' ,Jt. case, .it -is :important to j
-C(rcc/ar No: 70,, .'.S.ec. 11)( · ·... . consider the existing re_l,evq_~tnjJel>:.' ... · ·:: ·.. · ·.. . J
·2. · ~ev~rse, : Modify ·or Affirm · the i;i'ppe~led. 1. . Where the Information was.:arrea'<fy.flle9 iri court - ;j
r.esolution (Sec. 12); · : · : · · . . · .. . . bat the acc1Jse.d·file.d a p~tit_ion:;for.r.eviey.,- qt:the -J
· 3.- Act c_:>l')·a Motior:i.for. Recons1deration/s_ec,· 13); ·findings of 'the'.investigating Prosec!-ltc:irswith·tlie.· ·· ::1
· . 4. . File the lnforma)!on.without CQ.nduct1ng,13noihet _ DOJ •. th~ court is·_ boµnd. to. sus·pen~ ·ttie ... ·?
P.r~lirl')inary·rnve_s.tigatiori.·('10Ci_RU1f!J:1:2; Sec.·. · arraj_goment-.qUhe_'accused for a_ peripA not ·: "l
4); or·: . · . . · · . · · · · · ·· : . . · exceeding 60 clays (ROG, RULF11.6,. Sec. 11 ); j
5 .. · Dismis's -the_ lhforril_atlon.filed tiy tf.je Prose·cutor 2. · lf an Information.has been filed in court P.UF~.u;:int..- .·:
.. (Commun_itiRural Bank-of_(!uimba v. T..~laV(!r;a, · ·: . to· the·_appeale.d'.reso!utiqn; ·a copy qf tt{e o:ioti~ri· . · :;
. A.M.po.R7:J.~05-19G9;April 6, 2005). · ·.. . ... fo ·defer. proceedings ,filed in:co!,.lrt must also . •':;
Note': Cre~p~ v. Mogµ/.-((3:ft No: L-_53373, june 30, accfompaf!Y the. petition (Op.I· (;irqplar',:.Jo;. 70,.-·. '.·;
Sec. 5, par. 3); and·.· ·. . : -~.;.'· ·, . . · ... · :,
1987) m~rely adv.is~d -the. D.O~.' to, ;1;1s· f1:1r .. as:
praGticable,. refrain froi:n entertain'ir-1g. ·:~-- petition for,. 3. If an Jnformation has been filed iii court.pursuant ,
review.or appeal from the-_acticin:of the-fiscal, when.- tb't~e 'c;1ppealed 'resolution, the petitjoii shall not
the Complaint or Information _has. already be.en filed be given due course ·if. the 'accused , had .. ~
in Court. The. matter should. be 'left.·e!'ltirely -for.. the a!r~ady ~een . an:aigned.- Any arraignmerit .. · :
determination of the court (Roberts, Jr. v. CA, G.R. ma(le after the fiU_ag"o( the· petruarj .shan ·not .oar. .
:No. 113930,·M~_rch 5, '1996t_ · th'e' -~~cr_etary·.of. J_µstice from e)(erclsinfJ. his
power of re'ili~yr(DOJ Ci~cular No_. !0, Sec. 7)'.
~ppeal.to the Ombudsritan: Tti.e.Om.budsmi,i°nhas· · thereof. In· fact; :the_ judge's personal examlnatlon pf.:·
he authority. tp· re.vetse or modify .the· resolution of the complainant andthe ~itnesses Is not rnandatcry
he officers 6fthe .Office dftlie Ombudsman. He may . and indlspensable "for determi.ning the aptness of .
iire.tt fhe officer concerned :either: . issuing a warrant of arrest .{Cicainpo v. ·Abando; G. R._.
I. . Tb f.lle ,the 'corresponding · lnforma"tioh' without No-. 176_830;f:.ebtuary 11; ·2014).: - . ·. . ·
'\ tori'ducting .another,pr~limin'aryirivestig~tion; or
2:- To '.di$miss: .6r· hiove· .. tor. dismissal of'. th~ It is eno~gh th~t the.judge .peirsq~~lly. ~vai~~.t~sJhe.
complafnt. or, lntorm~!ion ·with .~otice :to. the Prosecutor's report ··al'.l<;l - s.upporting documents'
· parties. ··. ·- showing· the existence 'of probable cause tor . the·
ind_icfm~n.tand.on lhE3 basis thereo], Issueawarrant
Nl'lere t.o·Appea1·Oecisions·of the· Ombudsman of arrest; oi'-i.f, on the basis of bts.evaliiatton.he finds· · ·
t. When ·u;e· crlmlnal ·cases···or preiii:ninary·: no .probable cause, fo'di~regar~: the :Prosecuto{'s.
· investi9ati~n· handled.by the .Ombudsrnan is resolution and 'require the' subjnisslon · of additional · ·
., tainted .witli_.'grave abuseof .discretion, the.. ·-affida.v_it~ of witnesses·to aid him in dite:nninlng its ':
•appeal shotild-be: . . . . .. . . .. : .. existence (ii:J.j.: .·. . . ' . t " • •. •. . ·.,.. . ,. -
,' ·. '• . ·.
· The executive· determination·of.probabJe. cause,fs · 'e~
. , ·. ·>:~
~... one made .durfng preliminary investigation::· It is· a .·j:~
· · . function .; that .p.roper1y .. pertains · .to , the ·, public ... f
.. :· · Within 10 . ' ·. Prosecutor. who is . given a broad · discretion to<'.J
days from:· .. ···- . determine ..whether: probable -cause .exists and to·.:.;;;,
:''tlling,{he . charge:.those whom
he believesto. h,av.e·,conim,itted.·){
. Judge must . . the crjmeas defined by law and thus should be held /J~
. 'pe'r~onally ... for trial. · ··· . ;· : ,,. · · ... . : · · · :'
. . ·: dete·rniin.e.the· · . . \: . . . .... · : : .. . . .
· . exiite1,1ce ·of. , Oth'erwi'se .stated, 'such official has the·qu~Sl-jUdidaf'· \.,
.. pr~bable .. ·. . . / authority to deterrnlne wheth~r or'not a crlmlnal case . ·. )?:
•'
··.
.... ·~· · .
.. qau~·e. , · ·. .
,.,
. .must be filed' in court. .
•• • • • ": .·:
·,. ·' · ·
••• • ....... ·,·
. ·. :, . · .')i»
,'·:.'
·. · .
"':'1th in 30 9pys
filing of<?9p~laJ9\1°r ·
. lnfor,natih'1P.;~'i\rt. ..
. . . . Cl)USt ~so~~-~.:i~~~~--
. ~, ".'~--< ~ r-11,
k--~~~-(lf . .
~:----:--K
, · ~ .• ,
.· . ~-<:"'"
:!~f: ff~slrate~the..erif.)~~Jll~ti~e:.'.lf t_tie judg~ fi(lds·n?. ·..:~
[ml ~p~o1tbl~caus_e,\l!iejµpt~ ~ni'l,of.be.f.or~e9 i?·i.ssue · .. j
· · ~e arrest warrapt-;,:,,,(L!ef1ste v. Alam1eda, · G.FJ: No,: .
1026~,H·i·j)_ :ustlB -2ofoJ. · · ·.. :. · . .·
Note:.A~otio·r:i f~r judiciia,1·~3ti~tn~tjo~;.(.,~f8't5ab(]'. ;~ . ·-- · t'J.~ . ;,f~·~.J. . : ~. . . . ·. ~-:. ·. _:. : . ...
cause is a i:frohibifed m_?ti6\~-.and~alli~f.~i;IJ·· · ~Ji.!~' t,1d~/ m~y\~y.on t_he ~scal's·c~rtific~ti!'n .r..
qutright befo.re. th~ scl'leduleli arraig'lmenf:~£1,·~ . ·. ''!.IJ~~~~-
he saf!le)s ,J1ot conc!us1~e en him _.as ~he-· >·:
.. need of comment.<!ndlor oppos1tjon· (A."'t- No~)~~~0¥,~e c:,tf
wa_rr~a pf arr~st .calls·for. the ex~rc1se·:; f r
· · . . . · -~~. : . y"'~
10~s.c, $ubhead!og /~/,.itemno.?~··· .: "-, .(_.'5'~-q_t~}!.91c~iscre.tio
~--f'l'll~)'.J:e9.u1r?"Jb..e:s~.·
· a.nd'. for-tt)~t_P1:frl?dse, t~e Judge <.:(
m1s~1011 of.a~1dav1_ts of"."'1tnesses._':·;·t~
Determination of Probab/e~Gmfs·O/'l-~===to<'a1d~~f[!1'jlii($mg.al the proper . co11clus1o_n, orhe :·:·
• _. • ·· .· •. ... ·.~ ~'ll ·! ·. 'i\11
t.m,a.Y•~Q_}iire'1tie~~cal t~ co~d~ct furt~er pr~limiriary·: ·;~
. ~.,.::·" ~~§,ti!ifalk>nor r':.1nvestigat1on: (Bqr!oogan v. P"!fi~'.·
·~ 'G,R. No .. -143591, November-23, 2007.),, ... . .
l
.· . ,.:,
. . . . ', : . . · . . . : . '. .. ·. . :.',.. . : ; . .-: . ;. .,· . /;J
D~termln.atlon , .of · p·robable. : Cause,.. · ·during·.,.'··
.. Pl'elimina'ry:,.inv~stigatiQn. Based. <>rt ·'Hear~ilY.''';17
. ·Evidence: Probable:cause.:oa·n'be'estabiisht::ci wiih ~ A~
. hearsay· eviden·c~.· as· lorig .as'
tl;l.ere. is .su\).stantiaJ . il
· -basis for. crediting the hearsay. Hearsay·eviderice is ·'\}
~qniissibie jn.- .deter~loi.n~.-.prot:,able' ill . a . :cause . i
prelimjnary Jnyestiga~ion be_c~u~e.,.s1:1ch inve-stigatio!1·. l
is rn~rely preliminary a11d qoes·n9t,fin1:1_lly'adjudic.at~ · -:p
right~ .. ~nd_: .. oblJg_ations... orpa_rtiE:i°s: .H.ow~v~~:- hi.~--,~
Wh~ther or. not thei-e ·is Whethet:or n~t a ·warrant ·adm~n,1strat1ve ca~~s; wfl~re._righ\s,.~n.d o.bhg~tion;s· ::i:;-
'.reasc:mable: ground . to of ~arre§t ·.'. should. . be ;ar'e finally: ·.adj,u~icated, .·.vyhat · is:. · r~Cjuire'd';-i~ .. ;;~''/:
. 'l:ielieve th~t the:a~cused .issue.d ·.against . ' the, · "~obstantial·,~\lidence.~ whidi ~rtnot. 'rest er:i.ti_tely or ,;.. {
is 'guilty of-tl'ie offen.se acpusecl. ' e.ven partia(ly ·on. hearsay evid~nce. · Substantial.:-:~?·
charged and should. be' . ·. . . . . basis 'is n9t. the same .-as substantial evidence .:!,'
held for trial ':. . . : ..
be?al,lse. · 51.1b~~l)tfaf. eyi<J.f.nce,.. e~c{ude~ ~earsay .. })
.. (Psople v. Andrade, G..R.' -No. 187000, .November _ ev1de.nce . )h'.h1fe·· substantial basis can ,u;iclude .: :-;:;
24, 2014). . · hear~ar ~yic!e.nce (Reyes.V: Ombudsman_; G ..R.. Nos; · '.J~
: 2.12593~.94, March 15,.-. 2016 citing Es(iada"_y. · '\:
. . . . . . ·.·.!J
. ... t
. :}
,' ::J
560 201$ s~N BEoA.'LAw CENTRALIZE!? BAR OPERATION?.
-~~;·
'f
C-RlcMlN:A;L ·.p·R.OCEl)U.RE;
Al
'*"* •·•a
. •' SAN'B.£DA. IAW CENTFtlitlZEDBAR OPF,RA T/Of,/S·-
.< MM Hi\&B ii
MEMORY·l•:10
Mtj#
12'a,9· ·.
.,.,. .
Ombudstii~n•.
'2015),.. '.
G.R. No~.'. 212:140°41, . Jenuery. ·2.1.
- . . . . .
Reinvestigation .of theProaecuter- . · · .. · · • ·,
Wh~~e an Information-was .file~ or~· warrant of arrest
, Issued . .pursuant: -. to · an ·:irregular. · -prellrninary
Outright 'Dlsmtssal: . .The absence' of probable : inyestigatioii, the aCCUS!,!d may file a moflon for
cause for the: lmmediate issuance ota warrant -of. . . rei.nvestigatidfl. ·~ But .once 'the : Cqmplaint ·.or ..
· 'arrest Is' not ·i. grotin,d:: tor·.. the\qu~shal·. of· tti°e. -Information _.is.' filed ·: in court. any' motion · 'for
Information but ls aqround for-the dismissal of the reinVestlgatkiri is addressed to the 'sound discretion
.case .under $1k 5 '(6), :~ule 112 which i.s W!t!jout : of the ·cpurt: .(L~i(ist~ 11::,;i.lam~da,.·; e,(al./G.F~: _f,Jo.
. ·prejudice. Th~ _trial court is mandated to irnmediately 1B26?7, August 3, · 2010). : ·.. : · . · ·.
dismiss .'the: case · up<fri (indir'lg that. no probable ' ·
cause. exists to· issue a warrant of~.anest and ·a~er. Not~:. A motion lo(r.~1nv~stiga,io~ is; a 'jjrol)ib.ited·
liavfng -evafuated the~re$blutiori· ohh_e.-:fis~I and: motion: .. ' ·· · ·
_SUP.Po.rting·. lf'iforrnatibn ·(People V. Sandiganbayah,. 1: . If the motion ls filed without·prlorJea;Ve of court; .
G.R. 'No .. 14?f1s59~J3~p(~ml>e.r,.29,- 2004):''."· ·.. . 7:· . When preli°qiinary irj_vestigation.' is ·~ot'r~quired .. •
.·.. . . . .. · .. · · ·. · ·. ;- . :.-;; : .. : under Sec.':8; Rµl~-.'112; and .:. - . ',:,.. : , .
1cause,.
If the judge- dearlyJf~ifs.lc;i·determine prt>b~bfe . 3. · WMh toe 'regular .prelimlnary' fr1ve$figaticm ts .
to support th~.·iSStJance 9f a warrantof arrest,;_he . . re9uir,~d-.1=1~d j,as.beeh actually.¢oj19u_Ctl;l.di an~
may. Jf.l'.i.medJatelY:qismiss the . ¢ase· · (PAMARAN, : the..'grounds. rell~d _upon .. in the motiorj ar:e nqt
. 'sypra at234), .' . . - . rnef.Uorio(is;', suet{ . as. iSS!-1!3S pf ·0.cre.dibllity,
.. . . -~ : · · . . · ·.,:. .>"';· . ·aprn!~sibil,ity of· 1vicf·~nce; -i~r;H?C!3nce·: .of ttie'.
The consequence of.tf:le refusal of the Prose.cu,toN~\/)1 accused,. qr.: 'lack 9.f:,dl,ie process when the
pr~sen~ · additional · evidE1nce ... wf:len 'th~ j~elge,:/'.':'\:., ·ac;cused was- aptual!y,riotified, ,among others. · -
·.request~ suchv.,ro!.!td ~e·tAe·<:1ismissalofthe.ca~~lf:-.~:;;.'..~ · .. ·. ·:, .. · .. '-~, ... ·. ·'.· .. :: '. . ,, .. _ ..
.there ls. 1ns.1,1~c1ent. evidence to ·find probable ca}ls.e1.• ·:, ,1,./~P-r~hrb1tea· rn~t1ons ,$hall· be demed ..~utr1gt)t. before.·
. in !he ·issuanC?e _of th'~ W,ji~ran_t of. arrest._ Th_e~~-Btioti,,;,..ty;:.J~)~he1tt!fl{:l~~~ignrnentwithou~ neeq '.of comment
·· to_~, or~er. thE: wosec1,1tor to - present.'.(.~(drtlop~!~. ,·'; · anq{o~~.r:~0p~~,~1J!on_ .(A.M. No.., . 15-..06-·10-s_C,.
ev1de~c~ 1s not mandatory. ThE: c;:ot.Jrt~jrst option ~s,!,1 }4 Subheadmg'i!{f item no. ?)-·
fo~ it t9 "ill'.llll~d.rat~ly:di~n:ijss t!ie. ~se V.:t!:f,1(~viden~1-·n,, .. _'. ·. J ,f t : .--: . : · ,. · ·
.-: on ·re~ord ._cle_arly,fa1t$ 19. esta~l.1sh •.Rf9.ba~l-~trus~",: t;}. ·
SECTIO~}~·~tl,~NACCUSED LAWFULLY
_·: (ROG, _R __ ule _112; Sec.·.s;·Pe,(fJ!f:.e""v_.·.Dij·f.·~~orr~.· H' ~RRE_sr~o-r'lTf;!OU_T.WARRANT··,: ' ... .
Had_ao, .G:,R. No. 16?--1.44-54,{!f9Yr:Jm~ere:{~. 20!2):· \ b'l _ .· :::A J.. : _:_.~\ ::-, . . .. · -'·· . : · · . _ ·.
:: ' 1.: . :· ( . ' -;,}~!,?., ;-~';;.,."A . (,';.:;::,. . r;, lnqliest,n·1;1~';ijj!{.:i,;,,.w_ . ·. . . - .. , . ·.
~emedy,.Wher~: D_ismis_sa:1 ~~~·tw~~eJl;~pr1fptL~~;. 'I~) Ari· .l~.f9FM~!{!lrwfr:~\:i'mrti~ry :i~v~stigatfon.. c~ndu.c!ed
of. PrQb~ble: Cause: Suc,ti.cJ1~.m1ss~,,ls'·.~'fiq~l.ordjlr-, · ~'.'(· by-~· put?lr_<;: Pros~utor 1n, criminal ca~~s- 1nyolv1,0g .
.. . _?'rid is a _propf?r-·. s~~j~9t_ of _ah· i'!P.iJeMfjn_derj:~e.cti()n t:{..
,~,p~~~':ns.arrest_ed.and· ~eti;lined:withoiJ\th9. be:riefit of
... 1,·: ~ule 1.~- .(Cajlpe_, v•. Pe.qp/f:J,._ G8,·\~o.:::,20q6q~.._,.l\~~;_':',~~i?r'1!I';i;-.!=!.~~ of. _arr~s-~ 1~~ued: by· t~e .c.~~rt for the. .
. __ .April ?J,. 2014) ... -... . : · ·. . /· {(( ·. ,'4.;;:,:-:-....
"~·~pTh:-p~s~~of.'~~~en;n1n1ng~heth_er qr not·sa1_d P:~r~ons
. •. . .. ·. ·_., .. ' ·,.: :t~{ · ·.f:t'-'' ) . · _shoufd:rernam ur:ider-custody ?n.d ~o_rrespondr.ngly__
: Judg~ Npt Re.quired to-~e~d ,Entfre Ca~~'R.e~ord:. · · . be c!J~rg~,d· In. <:;qart (DOJ GircuJar ~o:. 61, dat~d .
. lt)s rio( req\Ji(ed~t~~tthe complet~. or. ei:itir¢--:recor.ds. . · · September 21-;J99.3).~::· ,· . ·. ...:
. · of .the. case ·during the. pretlmin.aty,'inv.e.$tigafion be ... · · .. · ·... · · ·
- submitted to a~d examfned. by t,hejudge.' We ·ao not , .. ·;. ·.
·)ntend,iq un<;!lily burde!l trialc.oorts py ob!igirig them. ·. ',_
. to.~~am,ne. th~ q9mplete reco~~s qf every case. ·all
. ·thetime sir:nply·forthe p.urposeofordeci'11g;the am~~t ·
.;··:
a
. 1n~ta~ces:: _w.htfn_: :w~rrarit,:·ot:. Arre~t· ·i~: r.iot
·. n·ecess'ary.(Rule [12,. ?ec.. 5(c)):; (F~M) ·· _.. . _ ... ,
·. 1 .- . If the ·qtt~nse-is 'pt:ihishable· by fine or:ily;, · ' .
· 2. · ,If.the Complaint or: Information was filed 8fter
· · · the:,., a.ccus·~d was : la~ully: .arr~s.ted without'
. . warr.ant; and . : . . .·.. . . . ' . . .
3.·: ··1f: th~ Complainfor·lnfo.rmation :ts·:f1led'with. the· .
· .Ml'C .arid it involves an;,offense,. which does not ·
. require preliminarY: investigation, th.a iudge may
issue summons inste:a'd'of warran't of arrest if he .
is satfsfied that the~e is 'no' necessity, tor' piadng
tlie,accused unde(cusfody, ..
' . .
. 201~3'SANBEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS· I 56,1
, ..-:~
~~~---..-t-R ...
l'M~:,1_~-.N~.A ~-L~-
p-; : t~E~-
R~..C)~. o. E~·
. U~R~-~.. ~-~- . .-: t
- "'• BEDA ~W <£N..i;RAUZ8> BAe """"TK>NS,:"'°"'RY::;•• . . &-SCOW- .. ,;:i
·. Procedure Ofl.·l~qu_ e~_t Proper.• · ... , 2. Wtien 'requlred under. S~c .. 8,. Rule 112,. or. ::"?i
- allowed in Inquest proceedings and· the accuse(f.: ·i·
.. Re~eipt ~y·tiJe-·l~qu.~st Officer. of referral.· failed .. to .. pafticipate. in : the . preliminary :~J
. . · . · .··. : dqcuroents . . : . : · . : Investigation despite·du·e notice.
.' ' ... ·. - . ·.. : .. : . . . ' .·· :· ..
. . · .· ·.: {°
. ...
Prohibited motions .shall'be denied outright before:· 1Jii1
,~
. :Arre~t:nqlproperiy. Ai:rest . ... ~ff~ted
.· .. properly · the scheduled arraignment withoutneed.oj commer1t '··J.~~·
: . :effe~ted · . and/or .. oppositlcn ..' (A:M. No. 15~06~1o-sc, ..·,Jf
Subh.eading_.Jll,'item no.· 2). · · . . . .•,.:·
·. , A 'preiimlnary. .
· . • Release stiall be· .:investigati,on. may be .. Righ.t .to .S~il.
Peii'ding ·P;e)imin~l'Y,·l~Vesti9atio"!_:·. ~-
· .. '·recommended · · ·.. conducted.'if.: . : :While· a· preliminary lnvestiqatlorr is .tmdertaken, the! .•7
.' . ,,
.. . , •' . . ~request~~-- .... ·: · : ;person Is stiJ~ under detention . .To._eryect his. relea!le_;;. ~~
·. _ -: · he may apply fpr ballnotwithstandlnq-the waive_r.of._.'.·;;
....,___;._--:..,....__,._·. .·.-, ..--~.....,.~-"""!"'~··--,· . the provisions of Art: ·r2?.9f the Revise.dPenal Code o'
· If evidence does.not 'Othe~ise, i~q~~st.. · · · and e.ve1f1f:no lnformation has yet been filed. again.sf,.:
. .. w~·rfrmt ttie conduct . · · pro1:>~r . . . · 't~im .. The bail _must. however, be. applied :jor · and,:;
· ·.. ·. of preliminary·... .. ·... . ;· ... issued. by·- tne.: court. In:: .the.:.proyince, . ·city,· or'~
··
• . _. - 1;
1,,..
otherW1se, ~,lease·
·ish.llb '··"
A~~-.; .
"~f:..Jl._ - ......
• . . ~.~t ...! ;, .
·t.
. ..
.·
. . . ·: .
·:
·J
be ·tegnJi1a~~-¥~ ,· t: .
•.'j~! ~WJttfout~.Jud1c1q.!_ V'{.ar;lntof f.Jrest
i,
o~~·IJ;i.e..pip,f~~s #!...-~!'!Jft
~-==.L.
. :
. . of the Rev($ed Penal C?de in thEfpres~~c~.oftus.' Provided,:That the :arrest-of those. suspected bf th.e · ;'.-
. · .' counsel;' and . . . . ' . . . crime Of t~rrorism ·Or conspiracy to commit terrQris,:n · :,
'.2.. Whel') the :complaint' or· lnforniati~m was. filed · rriust:'resuit ti-om
:the· ~urveiil~rice 1,mde.r"$e§t1on.?' ~.
.. ·: · without preliminary investigatiqn_, the.. accused; _. . and exarninatiori:'of ba'r'1k deposits .under Section. 2T. ::
· · ·· i:nay, _v,,ithiri:$days frorn th.e ti.me tie. leai:n.~ ~f the ,. of this·Acl '. · · · · · ·" ·· ' · · ' · · ··'
. · · · filing of the Information, ask. for a prel.rmu:iary · · ·. · : -· . ... . . . _ _
. . ·. investigation ~Ith the same, righ~ to addu<;;~ .: ,, T~E/pofi~e'orcfa~ enfqr~e~e~l:~e;sqnnE{co~c~rned . ;,
· · eviderice. In .his .favor in the .manner prescribed Shall, before· detaining the per.son -suspect~d ·of the·:.;
in this. Rule. . .- . crime oHe.rtorlsrn,·:pre!lerit· hirrj .qr ·.her, befor.f any: . .-:...
Noti!·: A,'mo~ip~ ,for prelimin/uy ·il')vesti\:Jatio.n .is a . ·'.· jud~e· at the_ latter).·d1siden9e o~ ~ffice.·n~ares.t the·.:i_
prohibited motion: · . .· . . · .. . . ., place ~here '.the· arrest t<>Qk P!~~ .~t an,Y tim.e o,f th.e Jt:
1. Wh~n it .is filec;l .beyond the 5-day ~eglem~ntary · day"o(nlght ·.: .. . . ·.)n
·· perlod. in. inquest proceedir:igs. under Sec. 6,
Rule 112; or
562 2019
. SAN. BEDA LA.W CENTRALIZED
. BAR 'OPERATIONS
. . .
·C·RlMl:NAL .PRO.CEO.U;RE'. 0MEMORY·AID::io19.
.SAN .BEDA. LAW CENTRALIZED
. .
. BAR OPERATIONS
·. . - . . . .
. ·.. ·
It shal! be the .duty o.f the.Judge. among other things, SECTiON . 8: .CASES· .NOT REQUIRING.· -'A
to · ascertain .. 'the Identity·· of, the . police. or .law PRELIMINARY ·INVESTIGATION NOR COVERED
enforcement. personnel..and the person or. persons . BY THE RULE··ON·SUMMARY ·PROCEDURES ·.
they have arrested an~ presented before him or her, . .. . . . . .. •. .: .
to inqui,re . of them the· reasons why "they· . have . If the Co.mpla int.. is filed with -the :·j:irc;;~Efcutor·
arrested, the. person. and-deterrnlne .by ques.tio"nirig :involving an· offense· p"uorstiable~by imprisonment of
and personal-observation whether or not the suspect :.at least· 4 years, 2- months,' and: 1 day,'~ule 1-:12,
.' has .been. subjected to.i-any physlcat,: moral or > Sec: 3."ln its entlretyshall be observed ... ~-_.·.. .". · ·.
· _ paychotoqical-torture-by INhom ·and why. ..- · . . .: · · · · · · _.. ··
· · · , . Note: ·A motion ·. for preliminary iri:vestigatioh. ts 'a
· · "1 · .·· · · · ·· · prehibltedrnotlon: .:. · ., . . ~. .:·:·_..
The judge sha I· then -subrnlt'a written report of.what· 1 _. : W.herl' it is filed· beyond "th:e :s-day-r_iig·1~·men_t_ary.
he or· she. had observed -wherr. the sub)ect·' ¥-.!as . ·· ..
. 'brought 'be __fore -hlrn-to Jh~ proper court.that tias . .: ·· ·: period: in inquest proceedings .:undtir Sec .. 6, .·
.. ·Rule 112; or . · .. · · ·. · ··,
jurisdiction :over . the . .case · :of the· · person'. thus . ·
arrested.. The. Judge';Shall-. forU,with ·s_J;ibiji"if_his/her . .2 .. When . required under $ec-: a·.. Rule n2,· or.
report: livith)h---.3·_:oal¢ndar.·. clays from· -the . tirne ·the, allowed ln-lnquest-proceedinqs.andthe accused'
suspect was brouqhtto hls/1:ler.resideripe or-office: _. failed· · to· · participate· in.· th!ii.L prelirnlnary ·.
,·. :, . . .· . · .. • .. ·· .;: . , . lr:1Vestig"':tion despite.-~ue._n0tice. · ·-: .,· .
Immediately after .. takiAg . custody . of a. ·
pe_rsori . . . .. . .
. ·.- · Prohibited.-inotions shall-be denied outright 1:iefote
. .:-- ··.: ...... ·.. - ...
. charged :With_Or SIJSp~~t_ed Of_~e ~rim&-of_-te'.('OriSJl\ ..{:Jj the ·sche~uled arraignm.ent.without.need~f.cbnirri~l")t. .
. or GC?~_s_p1racy.t<? q~<?~m1tter~om;m,. th~ poh~t: or J~JNj~/:\. ancj/cir·. · ·oppositioi'r .. (A:M:· . No;·_. :/5-.06'+10:·Sy,: .. ·
enfor~ement ,pers~nnel sh_~l,I._notify m wnti".!gt!h.3'/:/ui\ ·· Subheading'Ill, ite.m
jud.g~ of the. c;olirt nearest the. place of appr_ehen.s1Qn. , +·-,I\"· . · .... .. . . . .. , ·
·no. 2)·.. · ·:· ·. ·: .. ·: · :.-:.
. · . . . . .. . . . · . ·. .
,., ·.
. of ~rrest Pr~~ided,:T_hat. .where. th~· a-rrestiis)rrl~d~~;:..:-iHt:ff:;:~J:i.!·:._Cotn_P!~.int i_s.-. fi~~d-. wl~·h ·:~_he, ~ro:secutor; ..
dunng Satwd~ys. ~ur:1<:fays, .hohday~ or_ a~~6.)ffi_c,E}zJ.'):.:~~1n:-r.-o.t':'lh~~-·-~~:~ff'e~se: i,u~_rshable by.1mp.r.1$onrnentof. · ·
_hours, the wr:_itt~n notice. shall: b_e · s;.~~f,at--.the(- li . less·Uian f{rea_rs, 2· m~ntij~ •. and 1. day, '.the .
reslden?e of .!l:l_e Judge ne,arest-the pJ~~e~w~er~.~1:iet':-·-;-:;f · tollowii:rg_s'}.iif~$ ot?serv_ed:.. · ": ,. ·, ~ ·. -: _·· . · _- · · ..
-~_cc~-s~ct.:,v~s~rr~ste.~; ·.·.. · ··... · · .. , :
· · · : · . . ., , .- . ·
k,>--4 · -~ · ·
· !)Y .,.·;~~ . .
)>:--{i\. 1 ... T~e-_Cf?tn,rl~lnt,sh;:tll ~t!=lte the kn~wn-~1:1.dre·ss,of
f~i- . the r.~sp9pdet1.t; . . ·· : . .- .; ·- ., . .· . . · : .
!ht:_pen~lty.of 1Cfyear.s and·1.;;,,.~.:t~.-1rYe·a:rs_-oJ_. :t:·:i 2: ·It s~all. ~e.a'i.comp~nil;ld :by··affidavits· oflhe . ·.
1mpnson_rr:ient ~~a11·~~ 1mpo!l~~-~p.9n,~-~~-lo!1c~_.on
. · \aw _enforcement personne_l w)~,w1l(,-.f~if1p.1,lfbf{~ny · · f,..~ ·.
Gl: ·9.9-~R~~1;-~r:1~_::_~iswitne.sses a~_\Yel!-~s otht:r · .
su~p,~~Jn9ii9'<?-~;,HTle!1t~ · .tp . e_stabhsh. · probable
,·'
i
: ·. ke:co_rdsof the Prellr!lin.~ry.1.:iyesfigaJion: ·. . ' · Note: . For caseI; Ql'.lder 'the.. Revised Rules . on-::
G.e.n:~r~I. ·Rule: They do hot f~mt part·ofth~ r:ecord _"Si.irnrriary. Procedure, no warrant of arrest shall:be
~fthe:c~_se,: ·.: ·. ·. ' .. · . .,. , ,· -·: ·.. : ._. :·. . .· . ,- : iS,su~(l exc.ep(wh~t~ Jhe ...acc,i;i~.\~d. .feils. t!) .~llp_e~r ,·
. . . . . al'.te~ bei(l·g·summoiiecJ. . ·,
· . Exce~ti~~~: The_-~oµrt-; upqn-.i~~ b~ri
inltt~_tiv~(or on... : . . . . .· · ~ J. • ... ·· · · . : .• ,· •
· _motion -of ariy party, may order it$ production irj the
~11 q~mg .• mst.al')Ges:
·. '. . . . ·. .. ··.·
· ·11. the: Complaint or
.Information fi_le~ .with the.·· is
,-,q_ . _.. . . : MTC:.. .· .. ···. · .. .":-· .... ·
· a. :W,~.e-~}t°i.j>riec~~9i:yJn.the re~qlution-ofthe.~~e · 1'. · Section 3 (a} of Rule 11'2:_J-nust be·toUowed;, ··'·.
or-mc1dent the.re11'_l;_and ...• · · ... . . . . . . . 2. -The· judge·. sh1=3II __ per~onally . ev,;11.u.at.a the
b.. · When_iti~ ~~- b~ intfod!)qed as .ar:i;.~v.iderice in ~l:t~ · evidence·. or: personaliy examtn~;·.in writin~f afid ·.
. c~se·,by the· requesting_ party. . . . · .·. . .. 1,mde.r oath, the .-complain~nt .ar:1d. his. witnesses .
·1ri th_e form of selirchfng:q~e~tk>ni; and . . . . .
,Pu.rp~se_::To impl~m.e"nfthe ieq.uireinent .und.ei $~. 3: . The judge shall .act on .it within·.1 o· days· after .the ·
. 6, Rule 1.12, t~at the-Judge issuing the·wa"rrant .shall filing of the Complalnt"or·1ritormation.·· . :
··. · . ·-: ·
- pers6nally."eyaluate th~ res'o_lution.of the" proseci:J.tor
~·na the- s~pportin_g ev)'dence (PAMARAI'!; supra· at ." If in doubt,- the:jadge may .require $llbmission of
additio"nal. evidence. . . . . . .. . . . ..
,241). · . ·.: · · . : .. · . · · ·
natu,re of the·offens~, ~h~ date, t1m~(anc\f?l3''c~_flf.lt'S"'·:--:-~"-~{:.~~e 1~:>t!Spe?.t~d.. !<;> .have com.l"f:lltt~ . IS ...J:\~
comrnissio.n,:the-possibl.~ ~otive~lo~lj$P~£!JffllSS~J1 ... s,=;===,,f0nsi~~~ j.r~~,p)~c.rng hrm . un~er · ~ustod1al. ,
the subject, hii;n;1g~.·educationiJS}~t,us'r1~pfi~al':ancl .it:.. 11'1:ves.t!~ah~~J~~o. 7438,.S~c. 2). · , ~
so~ial _. circumstances; his itt1t~d,:~.;;'tow.13rd·. t" .
investjgat_ion, ·. social af\ituf s, OP.~ortiJf,lities to· ~. ~. ·· o~es ·.~f A.rtt,t, .·~~ · .
J, · lf« · ,.\ · ~
¥')~ '\ . . · . ·. . . .
. . . . :
_.
commit the offerise; theyictirp.;-hi§I~~·stat.~.s...f.am.ity.,.. ~ A~~~y.vr~~fq'fa valrd wa~rant, .and .
responsibilities fihancial anl] secral:.circumstance~ -"·. ~"r'res.t wrth'~\!l.A warran~·. un~er exceptional :
characteristics.' etc. (Marimi)'v.-Sl!cni, c.k · N"cf.'!!i...~7· ,, 1 r-:.:~1~c1rcy~stan?fs...as~1ayr. be ~rov~ded by ~tatute· -:!-',
· 25707 May 14 1981)
.. .. ' .
· r.- -~~ -~
. '·.
· i
.
r;, Sffi'i1,.@ t:j (ROp, Ru!efJ ~~;-,,-~~f, o).. ·
Ii .. ;;;l: ·~ r:lt\ . . ~ . . . - l~ . · -~·
i/ ... ] -l ~ . . . . '"',e
Cond;tio·~·~ 1·~ai
~ust ~o·n~pf f~lhe r~r, ~~~ ot;f.
¥~ , ~J~RE~::~HOW
~"Ctloi'N:i
MAtiE . . . . . .;,!
Warra_r~taf'Afrest: ·. \\V/. \ '\(~. ..~ Jl~q,f~/4pv . ·J · . ·. ·. · .•:.
1. · Must personally ·eva)ui;i,te lhEl~.repi:1dP ( ~~ ~~ .. f._l;ffp~trng~rre:>t: . · . . · , J~··
. supporting. documents ·su~!,Tlitted li.y. .tb~fl ...., I ~1 ,v'tV
~~ctual r.t!Jstra1r:,t .of· the . person to ~e .¥·
· ·regarding the existence of pr~bable.~~~Cf'7~\.~A~~e.~JE:;d; cw. { . . ·. · . . ·Ji
2: . · ff on the basis thereof, he ff~S nct7pt<ib.~1~=----~!;}Y'1'.19~1Je'WS$!On. to the. eustody of the person . ,~1 ·
cause, he may dk;regard th~ repCll1~~efJV(e}l~i~"-:";;::-..,.,. ~~~~·t!j,~farrest. . . . · . :. · 4-:
the su.bmission of supporting : aff~9\i~t§l of I~ A l:\ y~ J--:.;,;r · · · ·. · . · ~;l· · . .
witness~s.to aid him.in.arriving a~ a,.ccih"e.h:1slg__q.,,,!-'-'H•~J!. rng_an arr~st ~ person nee~ .no~ ..be actually:
f!S to ~e existert~e of.p~~.babl~ ~\JS{;l; and. . . : ~estr.a!nE:d by }he ·person m.~ki.n~. th~ arr~st.
3, Must personally be. satisfietl that a probable . : .su~m1ss1on to the ..cu~to(!y of th,e,pE:lrson m,a.kinQ.t . . .:'J:
h: . J.,;._;
·ca'Use exists (Soliven v. Makasiar,'G.R. No .. t- arrest already constitutes .arr~.st (~/ANO, supra at ./·
22~):
8-2585,November 14, 1:988). · · .. . . . . . . .·. . .· . · ~ · · :.J&
.No· viole.!Jce· cir. unne~essary.force shall ·1:>e · used in .. '.fr.
:·. making an. arrest. ThE:l. pers.on. c,i,:rest13d shalF·no!· be <(
I
subjected to a gre·ater restraint than is necess_arY:for .j
•'.
R.ULE.1:f3.
,·
·.
I> . ARRES'.J'
his detention.
,.
. . . . ' .. ( .' . . .. . :,:{
. :A~··offider ,i~' maklng. :~ lawful ar~est
· Usii'.lg such-:·fcirce · as:
justifl~cf.1/'
is rea$oriably necessary tq
ii
'Jr
~EC.T!ON.1 ..:DEFiNITION Of AR~EST s.ecure and deta!n the-·
offen.de'r,.: overcome hisi.: .:i
. . resistance;- prevent. his escape·, recapture ·him if he. ?\
The taking.of a:person·1nto custody in order that he ·._ e·scapes, and protect .himself from bodily harm );;
may be bound to an·swer fdr the co.mmissiori ~f -an (<;;abanlig.v. Sandigahbayan,·GR. No.' 148431, July .ft
·offense. · · · · 28, 2005). . . . . . - : ·,f
' • ·• • • ' ' I I;~~
Arre~t signifies· re;traint on a person, ·depriving one Bt.ft the officer is never justifi.ed in using unnecessary. ·'.:j
of his ·vAil and. liberty, binding hlm to become
.obedient to t~e ·will of law. There must be an actual
. force.or ·,n treating.-theoffender. with want<?r:i violerice;.:·
or In r1:3sortlng tQ dangerous means when the arrest_. ..
i,r
. ' . :·····
.CRlMINAL,PRO.c·E·DllR:E
0SAN·/3EDA
' I . - .Lf\WCENTRALltED BAR OP.ERATIPNS·.: MENi°OAYAID.2019
. P?Pm"IT!IWM49ii&¢A@¥1#
#Ci,eie,es ·sw;f fM¥Suef · · · , es· ¥af&i. · @:@&:a1asi-
could be · effectedr · . otherwise (Cabanlig · y. · The head of office to whom the wa·rranfof arrest was
Sandiganbayan, ~:R.· No: 14$431, July°2$, 2005).. delivered for execution shall. cause the warrant be to
executedwithin 10 days. : from
. .. its. receipt.'
. .
:
Upon A~·rest:the. Following May Be Cbrifiscated:
.
.. . .
•, "· ...
(F-D.ISC) -~ . -: • ' . . · . .: : . . .. , . Within . ten '{10.) days· after . the _expiration of the
1; Objects which are the Fr:uits of the crime;· . period.: the· officer to· whom itwas _{lsSigned for
2. Q.angerous.weapons and those which may. be execution shatl.: ·: ·. · . . ·
used as evidence in. the case: · ·.. , · "a .. ·l\fiake a report .to the judge· who issued the
3, . Objects, the possession of which-ts fllegal per.... · . warrant;-artd . . .. ·· . . . . . : : ·. . • . . .;
se:": b. _: 111 casecf fallure to executethe warrant, ha shall
. 4. Objeets .'§.ubject. of: the. offense 6r · usi:id ·.· or <. ~tafe the reaaonstherefor.' ·
intended to be used.ln the commlsslori of: the
crime; a~.d. -. . . ·":· .· . _ "'" . . . . . _- Period of Effectiyity.of a ·.warrant of Arrest ·
5. Those which . migtit be used: -by the arrested , .Unlike a search warrant,· the validity ,pf which i~.·
person.to. .Q.omll'.lit violence or to.escape. .(Peop/e, {imlted to ten (10) days, after which it becomes 'void,
v.· V.el?so, ~;R No. L-·23051, ()_ctober20; 1925) ..·. · ne. time limit is fi?Ced for· the validity of .a warrant· of
arrest. · ··.. · .· ·
N~te':1·ln a la~u; .~arra~tl~ss·~;est; the,a·;rest miist:
precede the search incidental ther.~tcf The process·.;· The. arrest warrant" toritin1:1es to be. ·in 'force even
.cannot : he.. reversed. · . Nev.erthe)~ss: ·a: .search ,A . ttiough it· was not. served Witnin' the timespan· ,
su,bstantiany:cbnte.mporan~ous with .an ar<e~_t ·q,~~-2(. pro~ideMor' i°n Rufe .1{3, ·s_ec. ·4_ :
prec~de the arrest 1f the .police have -Rrobable. c~&~f ;t:-t\·. . · \. ·: - · . - . · · . · . · . . . . · .
· to make- the ·arrest at . the outset of the sea<cf;L..•.t? '.,. ,..\· So ·rang -as the warrant has not been .recalled-, or the ·.
(Peopie v. Racho,. G.R. No.: 186529,' AuguJ~·3,:::-,~;;;Li1.erson ·i,arpe.dtherein a~rested, 9r had -Oth~iwis~,
2010). .' . . ·~,Ji. :h~iti~):JJ:t~d,l:li.T,self to _the jurisdiotio_n bf the· court, the
.' · · ' . . rf ·
·. · . - . . .,:,;-i."i-;;..,: . · ·., V ~arranf.'.-e~~i~S.9'?°~·c.tn.d can still be ~x_ecµte_d.e~en. ·.
SECTION 3. DUTY OF ARRESTING_tpfFICER .. :e;~I. 1f a-prev10U~1)13;gat1ver~turn was made to tli.e 1~sllin$
.· , . · · . .> . V~,;,.f( . ,, . ,,i:".• 1~ . cour!_{PA_~/s,AfJ,supra. at 256). .. · · ·
A duly rs,s.u-ed warrant-authonzes:th~~Jr.0p~$,sofflcer:, kt . - . ·
1-. T:o make an arre.~t therea9q~,but a1$g·makes }! . l*t\ Rehtril zi: -~~rr~~! nf ~rre~t, , ·
1~,· ff. '-\ . ' . · · · .
· ·. · _. ·
h!S · c!.~ty . to . c~rry· Q.Uf•:f})!}th_OU!;t.:,~,~lay . · t~e ~- F!I · The ·-~~-l~m'.'W9!!et\~d.II) Sectipn -4 reters not-!,O_the
<)Omm~nds :thereof; ~nd' . ';-t(·.. ~-;;::;:_~4~1 · :~,_ f._;'!· p~ys,_~1:f.:~tw:~tr'i:~~fjtthevery. ~ame . ~opy. of th_e
2. To ?ehver.!he p~r~on.. a!re\t~.dt9;1~~f~eares~· l~~J pr<;>cess'<toc.J~:c:~·sa!ng co~rt.__ but :.the rep"<:>rt, of:.the·
· pohce station o,rJa11.w1tliout U!lf<f~~sS.i:l~ d~la} · ~;d . 0fflc~r-charged with ,ts execution-on thA ~r.t1~nt~kAn
· · . . ·•. .. · '. '\'.:. ~·· : )!ft · ,:L.;-'?~:'.t.~1mthereon. In st]ort,ttie ten~day penqd 1_S·only a
SECTION .4. E:Xl;CUTION:oF WARRAN~t:1 . . .!~~:''"!"dJ.r.~olive_tothe officer ex~cut1ng the warrant to Make
. . . · . · . . . · 1;_;,(·-, '. )<~~.:.:c<·:"'.:'.a.:..retuf(:i-.'t83the court (People v. Givera, G.R:.No,
!he: Jud.~e issues a warrant of
instances. . ·. ,
-~~t . lr'-{.fwo
, · ~-,,~.;,;, · . .
. 13215~; January 18: 2001). -·
- . . · .
..
·
·. '
1: U-p~n. th~, 'filing_ of-. the.'.lnformatiori-;bytile . Purpose:··The purpo~e Of th1{retµrn is ·in ordet (or
·.. prosecutQr-·rn issuing· this..kind o.f warrant, .th~ · · th.e. w~rrant to be: ~ervecf' ·immediately. Warrants
. -judge-'. ,do.es:. J)Ot .· ··per.sonally ·. e,cart..ine ._ the . deiiver~d to .the: . appropriate. officers for . S,E~rvice·
. complainant and the ·witn.esse~'he may:prodµce, gather'·dust_·in the ..pblice fifes'4riserved and unacted
. b1;1t tie ·'r:rierely, eyiduate·s·persqnally· the. rePArt upqn. By the virtue oflhis_.riew·r-ufe,·the'saic;t prob°lem.,
arid supporting c:;tnc;um~nts.an.d other evid~nce · is hqped _to be·remecjied, (PAMARAN·supra·at.256)·
adduced during. fhe pr~limi.nary :inyestigation · · ·· · ·
and submitted to him by .the:ptqs·ecutor,·.·a~d if ; SECTION.' 5.'. ARR.EST~·.·WITHOUT. ;WA~RANt:
he finds probable cau·se on"t!,e .basis thereof'he··· · ·WHEN-LAWFUL: ·
• issues the Warf.ant fot the arre.stof t.he accused,..
2. Upon' a·ppllcatlon .of·a pe.ac.eoffjc~r-:..c In this . G~neral .Ru.le: No peace officer or person-has.the .
. kin.d of:. warrant.,>th•e judge·." must : personally . power-or authority to·arre·s( ahyone_ withqut·,fwarrant .
: ex~mjiie the appllc;mt.and the witnes·~~s·he may. except.in those ci:lses expr.essly al.ithol'i?'.ed: by law
out
produce·,: · .to. fin·d . Whelher there · exists . (Um_if v. Ramos, G.R. No. 8156!, October~. 1991) .
. probable cause; oth.erw.ise,· the warrant issued is ..
null and'void·. He must .subji;ldt the .complain~nt
and ftie witne-ss.e.sto searchi_ng questions. The
Exceptions:
. . Lawful-warrantless
·: ,-.
arrest:
. . . :•,•,
1. In Flagrante-Dell~'toArrest~ : -b. Offehse has.JUST been committed...: The. 'f
When, in-his pr(!!se.nce, th~ p.erson.fo ~~ arr13sfed .. : '.· . dete~inatlon of probable cause.· _::1nd the-~. i
hi:\S.. committed, is actually. ·.c<;>mmitting, or is ·· . ~athenng of tacts-or circumstances should. ··~
·attempting· to·c_e>mn:ii.l. an offense {Sec. 5(a)). fie made. lmmediately afterthe Co!'llmissior'l · ).f,
.to .
. : of the: crime· rn. order comply with lhe- ."::it 0 •
fl~~~~nte
:., In arre.st° in
<r--~-~~o.
J?"mb.e, ·. . ·
'.'::-•/{/f
ll .·
d~i[~~sll·ac/u~_ecl
:,-ecypfi· to;Jb)\,•_rr~s.ie.g.
.J~o~".i1~fi?jedge".6{·
jt
:2~2;Ja.P(f!mbe~
, (Slr,i:iac. v, People, G.R. ·'t
6, 201f3):- ... ·. :. : ..
:::::eJ:;:_::: : ~i~ . . · . . .· ·. . .
.. ·. apprenei;i~ed.",(R.~ye~ v. f!eople, G.R: .N<?- r~quis_i~es .laid·,,o!:!_f (m~e.r ~ec.tion 5 '.(P.eopJe· v._. · :~
·.2.' .
Wtu~n an offense . !:las ir,r fact · jµst·. been
·:;:;::~L:~:~:~:q11:~::::ti:/:::~~i~g·~;i
officec.must· be·based on·.proba'b.l.e .cal!_se which. . ~
. committed, and he'. has probable cause to' ·-means ·. .'a reaso_ri.able. gfOUl)d ...of siJsplpion . : -?!
· )!~lie'{t;i. b~sed on pfJisorialknowledge ,offacts or sµpported · · P.Y: ._the _ .. circumst~n~.es. :sufficlent~y. : )!
· :·c,rcuirtstances· that. the perf?On to· b.Ei ·ar.rested cr-eatirig a·belleOhat t~e p~rs.on to_b~. arrested 1s. }l
· . h~s co_mmitted·it (S.i3c. 5 (tJ)). · probably 'g~llty:-:o(,_collJm.i~pg ·a::<-ertain ·crime >~
(Posaqas v,. Oml)ud~man, G,R. · No. ···13.1492,·-'... ·.i,'i
:. Re.qi.iisites: · . . September 29_,.:20QO)_;·-. ·. . . ..:1·· .· . . ... 0
1 >t.·1
a.: . Pr9bable . · cau·se. - based. on- ,.personal·. :·-. , ~l
kn·o~ledge - ·Knowledge of the arresting . Doctrine ;of ·Hot: Ru;s.uit. does·, rjot require the. . .;j
officer based on His personal evaluation· of arr~ting offi_cer or-per.son ,to.personally· witnes.~ :~
the circ(lmstanc"e°s.at the·scene of the crime.. the commission of the _offense. · ·· : j
.. ~\ . j
. '-. .·.i
566 2ois SAN BEl)A LAW CENTRALIZED BAR_OPERATICiNs· ...
.
.·.,:,J
CRlM 1·NAL· P:rte·C.E.:DU:R·E · ·.
$ANBEDA LAW CENTRAUZED BAR.OPER)!.rlONS -.MEMORY AiP'2019 .
<RrANo, ,supr~ at
242J.· . ·... · · · . =_ · , .. . : . · ·. A;:torrn· of .entrapment .-~hich · has. been: repeatedly
accepted to Qe_ Fi valid means of arresting -violators
..• ·. This required time element acts as a safeguard . : ·qf the Oanqerous Drugs· Law, Tfie vioiator is caught ..
' to· ensure that the police officers have gatbeted· il-(f"agr"'nt~deficto·a·1_1~~hE3 police offii::ers;condudlng_-
the. facts· Qr perceived jhe ciri::urnstance's·-within· tl)e operatlon are'. notbr'lly authorized butduty-bound.
,. .,. a very limited tlme frame. This.:guarantees:that. ·.to. apprehend ·the vloletor..and.to. search him for
?:,...~' the police ciffic~rs would-have no:<tirne fo base . . . anything that.may-have peen· parfo{ or· .llsed ii, the
their probable cause. ,finding . on ·facts"', or- .,4\.. . . . ·.comrni_ss;on_of the crim~.:(PeopJe-'v,:·salest G.-R.·No:
r·. . - ,·
,·.
circumstances obtained after an ,exhaostiv.e
.investigatioi:,•..The.reason tor-the. element 6f tt.f)•Jf .
0
k):,'. , io,rnedia?y as thE:: tiinegap f~om.the'com_mis~i9JV.;/,)A _ ~0~~: · ,C90r{ji1_1at10~,· w1tp.. t~e P,QE~.. 1.s l'.\Ot. _;an
i·.· of. the ~~!me to. the arre,~twidens, the_ ptec~ferP.f'.;i;;i,~t 1f1d1~p~nsa~le .r.equ~r~m_entbef?.re_p~Uce Jlut~onties.
i~
f. Information gathered· are. prone· to. become, ;ji-;if ~a~---~any .. out_. a. buy-bust <:>P~r~_tron -(Peqple v.
r
. contaminated'and subjected to extema.·ff~;9t6rt1:!.ilf.-~Fii~!!Ri~{t~ 179_9,36;
0-. _AP.n:1.-1-1, 2,0-12),, .· / .
f,
' :·. . interpretations and hearsay (Peopl~' . ~'\f~.
;.~nago, 1 l~-a·btrfb-~(~peratipn; ~ri;e'
'the.id¢a t~·'c~;,;m-ifa
~-.R. No.. 212340,A_ugu$f17,.201fft- «. . .: ,'(;i1Il:f · ?riQin~fes:.fo.~·-:Jhe ·-?ffender,. w_itnout.--:a;c-;na-:-_y';,:;b"'o"'dr.:y,------
.. ·.
{ . · : • . . : · • .- . · · . P-4·*-:,::..>,1. ,,,r ~:-~· 11:i_ducmg-9JfP.focj.dmg !'J_ir:.n to commit. the: ()ffenSE\· If
· 3. · Evasion of the.serv,c:e of_s.ei:.1t,w.?-~,1~,;,--:-· · ...· _t:.{ . carried o,i;it iith \due· regard for .constili.ltionai--and
:h~n the. person _t~- be ·«,sfyla_!: {r~s.on~~-['.¥,J_\ ~~g~I,, ~f~gli_~fd.~;\a,Q~-t~b.u_st cip~t'ation d°eserves
ho . t• ~- .---:l· · ::;~~,. · · ~tJ Jud1c1al,t:.sanot1on e.ople ·v. '. Agulay G.R. · No..
: a. Has es~aped fro_m a_~pal'esta~_ll~!)me~{ b;
~~ij. 1ad~'iA§lii]itJ'ft( ·200.ay· . .·· .. ·, ',. ,,.-... ·. :
place. where· he 1s serving finiltJudgmeBf:t>I) Hi ·_:: · "'-r..~-~,. ::··' .' · · · ·· ·. · :.· .
ternp?ra:ily.·. confin~:d wti!~~~);ii-~"..\Gr.s~' ~.:?_ j.!. a~
!h.· e._,_buy~busi_operau-;n·an!J_t._he·searcli _l>~izure" .
pend rag, or , . . . . : ,\ .!.'l .. ·ti '.: ·. . · --!'~:':'.'-"~11~,uant_.. t?· th~~ b_~Y::bust_.operation. must _ }?e
·.. b.: Has- esC?p.ed wh1_le.bemg tra51~~f:ea,.-fr~!ll ,..-:t;tH..Fcq1;1t,rroouJ3,Jnorde_rto b~ vahd.(People v.,, ?apanta,
one.conftr:iementto another. ·'·d · : A'(f',1;::::-~~.;..~iZ"rlio~<Jj028,Jariuaiy 16,. 2(if4):·:. - ,_·· · ' . ·
-: •. . . .. . . . . .. . :__ . -: . . l}.f . : .. l.-.f:.:;g: ,. . . : :. . . .' . . . . . .. .
The same.is founded on th'e p°ri('ldpi~)hdt?;:ittbe , .. RQl~s-hn illegallty·of Arrest:- .: '"
·- time ot-··ti:i.e .-arrest, t_he·- escapee is,....lri the . .: 1 ... bbjectfon·to.th~-ifreg~lity-must b'e-raisecfbefore ·
'continUQUS .act ofco~rnittiti_g.a crime. ·, ·· : . :~rr~ig_l'lmen(.ptherwiseit is··deemed waived, i;IS
. . . . . ... :· :th~ acci'..t~ed, iq. th.is case;,.: has voluntarily
4. Wher~ a persc;>ri who. ,has. ·been·. lawfully·. . . .. .supmitted liiinself to the jurisdidioniofthecourt
arrested .~scap:es. or ·is rescued.:{RPQ;:Ruie . ·(People. v. Bringcufa;.~.R.)'J0,. 2264()0, Januc!ry
113, Sec. 13);:·. , -· ·., ., :·> . · ·:•.. :. _·. · :. 24; 2018); or-
. 5. ··By \he . bondsman . for- the:· ·purp.ose· -c;,f. , ·. ·. · ... -· · · · · · ··
· .. sµrrende~ing/the-'act;used•·{ROG; Rull[l t:14; -·. -: · ·:t..iot~:. While ttie.' cjec.~Sed; may·. l:!ave. alre~dy"'.
·: . Sec;: 23);.;and : : ; ··• :,. · . . ,.: :. . ·-.:·;:, _. waived)1ii:qight to GOflie.sf.t~!:d11eg!:)lity._df.thEf
6.. ··Wiiere the accuse~ · attempts to .lea~e' .th~- · arre.st. -he •.is :nof. · howe:,,er;, deemed td ·have
. country . Without perrnissi9n_. of· the 'court·. i ..:._equally,'f,'ai_vedhis rjghl to, contC;JStth~ ieg°ality Of·
(ROG, Rule· 114; Se?. 23);· · · the search, anc!· may_ rai.~.the. same dµriilg ·trial ·.
(.Villanueva .,/v.. Peop1~; ·.. G.R. ·No;;,. 19904:?,. ·
In ca's~s falling under°rios. 1 and. 2,·the _p,erson Noveirtber.-17; 2014); · ..
arrested shall be deliv.:ered to the nearest.. police '> · · · · ·., · · '': 1 ·i :·. ·; · . .- · ·· , : · .· -
. stati_on or jail and shall be proceeded against ·,n. ··· 2; .· Once ·a -per.s6n ·1Jas.·.beeh-d_4iy.- c;har:gec_f in
· accordance· with Sec. 7 o( Rule 112. · _CQUrt, he iDay no longer'ciuestiori his detenti6n
by· p~t)tiqn for: _h.ab~as_t;orpus; n!ll reme~y i~ _to ··
qu~sh the Information-. and/or: the warr:a.rit of· ·
If the. arres_t was _effe.cted without warrant, tlie
arrest :.(Enrife v.. · Salazar,G.R. 'Nqs.--92163~64, . ·
arresting ·.officer must coin ply with the p~ovisions of
Jµrie 5, 199Q): ·
Article 125 of the Revised Perial Code·. .
Note: trying to rim. away when · no crlme has peen Except: ·(E-PEIY · · . .· .· . · ·· ;.t_,;
overtly .committed, and Without . more, ~ cannot be a. . Wheri the person to· he arrested .is.gngaged in .JA
· evidence of guilt. C~>nsider_ipg· that theappeltant's.. the commission of the offense; · ·· ' . I'll
. warrantless arrest was. urilawfut; the -search and· b . w~~.1'.1 :- h~ ~s f~rsue~ lmmedlately after its: i. ~~\
seizure. that resulted. from· it" Was . iikewi~1i i!legal COl1"')ffi1SSIOO;. ··. .. ,. . ,)t(
·(People· v. Edano, ·G:R. No. 1~81~3, July.7,' 2014). . c. W.l'ien he has gscaped, _fie.es or forcibly. resists,·\~·.
. .. . ,. ·· · beforEJ. the officer · has· the · opportunity to so··;'!'":
S.ECTION 6. TIME OF:MAKING ARREST .: · inform.hlm; or· . · , : .. · ·.. ·· ·. ' .· ' .. · '}
. The warrant must .dlrect that it be served in. the day d.. Wh~n the giving .of such Information will !mperil .J;
time, unless the affidavit asserts thatt.tie property ls thearrest. · ", . · · . : ..:j:
. on the person or in the place ordered to. ~e se'arcbe'd, . .· : . . .. . . . '. •,i~·
in which 'caseadlreotlon may oe
inseifed thatlt be .. · SECTION 9. METH.OD.Of ARREST BY.PRIVATE )t~
served: at any time· oJ the day" qr night (ROG,, :Rule. ~ERSON. . '. . . . ; · . :)~
. ·126,Sec.:·gf : . . . ... · .. - ·~- ·.· ·' ..... ·-
_. ~· · ·. · ' ·· · Citize·n'sArrest . ·. . · . : . · -·-
. SECTION 7 .. METH0°D OF ARREST OF' OFFICER Refers to ~rr~:;;t effected by private. person,. a'
BY Vl~TUE.OF WAAR/dff': - . . . . ; . . -~ : ·.
. . . -Duty of P.r-ivate·.. Person Effect\1"'!9 ar:i Arrest: ·. ·,;,,
.~f·
Duty of. the Arre~ting.Off'.icer .'
. The officer shall inform the person to be arrg:st€oof: 'if
1.. The cause of. the arrest; . · · . .;;;/.. .J~~ .Ii.
J
. ~~-=""--~\.~...._pr~Vate
-arre},te~_of:
'person shall inform theperson to be
. •
the·arrest.
· ,
.
. .
, · - ~
-t~
· -~
't;;, • '\
~ · V
eeri.~
~t> ,,~liL::.~
. : . ~ .
1I
.-1.
i'/ ['
..fr/.
''>!"',,... tV
~.,Cl· ~
?est.f.
J[
.·'t ;J
"' · :'i/. · ·.- /,... ·
if
. .
he yr1vate .PJrson m·ust deliver. the arrest~d _ -:·;/
·
- . ~~
,,:;;,
·1~
i
Under this rul~. an ·,mest m.~y.~ ma~e ~~en(iUf1e-r ~r-ij1F~pn bq{the· ne~~sLpolice statioh or.jail, and_ he· J7
police_ officer is nq! .jn pa~s~ssion\.2fthe iy.,~r~_Q"t~~~U.P~ pr~~~edJ3q against in accordance with Rule - t•
_arrest.. Exhibition of the war~ant f?~ior.-,t~·tti9i:r1$f.iS==--,,i.""f:!2,"'Se1cJJ-.;,9ttierwise, the private person. may be· .·-?
not necessary_ However, 1f a~er _the·~[d'~.ti{the '11-, ':{ ;het~~~!.$,-JOr lllegal·detenUori.· . ·. · : -:.{-
person arr~sted so -re'q1;Jires, th.e w~rranr--~n.c1JJ..,g~. .fy 11:1:.: ~;,:.,~- .. . · · ·. . . · - · ·~;
. ·shqwn to·h1m .as s:oon .ia~·practicable ;{PAMARAN~=~SECTIQN·- 10: OFFICER · M:AY .SUMMON .. ·
' supra ·at· 2fj.7;~ .Mfl]/ari, v: ·c~. · GR_ No;- 11(?~69,." "ASSISTANCE . ·.:.·:.·,·~-~.:.·.:,.
pecember:9, 1996). . ·: · . · · . . .. ·· · · · ·· . .. -. ·
. . •:. SECTION 1.1·. ·RIGHT· OF .OFFICER TO ·aREAK . ' ~
Rights p"Ol P~rson Arrested": }.NTO BUILDING OR· ENCLOSURE . . . .. . ·.···.~,'.:.·.:;!:
. ".
Duty ot" Arresting Offic.erWithout Wa~raht-: .
Th.e officer shall inform the person to be arres.ted of:
1. . 1-iis. authqrity; · and : . .
. '2. The cause of the arrest. .' ·.
• I
• ,
. . . 4·1 i
•
MiiWWMHi d!&siMWM"'M;N
Rights of the ~re~tirtg,Officer:.. ($820) .. ·.. Note: .The. -fugitive may ·be· r.etaken. by any: person· .
1. To'§uinmon_assistanc<i {ROC,.Rule·113,. Sec. ·'who may not ne(:essarily be tt,e same -person from .
10); . . .~h9se custody he escape~ or was· res.cued. .Even1a ·
person~ 0 private.· p.erson· niay, without. _a ·warrant,' .arrest .a
1-ie may or~lly summo~ as ma_n; .as t.ie convicted'.. . . : . '.
deems necessary ·.to ~ss.isl. him·: i(l ·effecting .
. . the arrest: :
. ... .
. . .. ·- . .
,·
. EV:~ry. person · summoned I.by .. an. offic~i:. shall·
'assist him ·in effecting ·ttie arrest ,when.. he 'can ·
render 'such- assistance without detriment . to
· · .· .hlmself.' ;c. · , • , ••. • • ·
.
•
RULE. :a:i·4~:
. · .. BAtI.i. ,_.,,
.:---
',if,
· · : · ~ ... ~- · · . . . . SEC)ION.1.~BAIL;·DEFINE.D .'· .
. i. 'To ~reak·into building cir'e~closure (Roe: RULE .
113, Sec. 1-1); '. .:. ·. . : ·.TtH3 • ~ec~rity .·give_n· fo~.the'. re_!~as~. of .a>p.ers~~· i~ .:
' . -custody.of the law, furnlshed by·hirn or a bondsman, .
. ReqLiisites:,.(E$AD) , · ·:: · : . . . . -, conditioned· upon his, appearance before any. court
.a .. Thepersonto be.arrested is or lsreasonably .' as. required .under the condltlons speclfled .bY· the .
. '· · !!elie~ed·to .be. in said blii.ldinm · . rule, · :. · ·
. b.' . He .has ~nnc>'uncec;t his .. authorlty .·. andn/-:) .. · · · . · . ·~ . ' . . .. . . · ,. · . . · .
~ . purpqse_ of entering: therein; a~9 ·. · .: y{;_~{. . Jn all cnrn~na,l ~(q~ee_y.t1qn_s, \h~ ac'C_use~ ~hall Qe.
c.. ·.He· has. ·~·requested· and -. been ·Qe;n(~'1;"/. !~, pfeSl.!_mE':~ 11:mo~~.n~until U1_e. contrary IS,prol(ed,_The
· admittance. . · · · · . . . f;\~./: ..;"~ presurnptlon-of innocence _1s roote.~ m .~he guarante~.
. - · . · · . ._ . . . , : ·:J .fi"; : ...,. •J.. 'of .· due .. process' .a:nd . is saf~gu'arded· ...by. t):le
Note: This ~s:~1so apptlcable wher~ t~er~~ ~;:,.\·,·;:;.;~:@J~tlt~!t9~:4{tig~tto?e.re(ea~ed op b~it,. l:!fld'fu.rther: ·
valid.arrest witMul'a wammt.. .,..,,;; · .. v1 ). b1nas-llie-co1;1tt;to y.,a1t until ~fter.tnal ~o.1mpos.e any
, · · ., .. , . ·. . , . ./"':··,,,,· }:........< puni~hmentj,1~>~on . the . accused .. (Enrile · v.
. ~h,e officer br:ea!<lrig. Int? .the b_uHdj~~'~IJ _·nc~.t 9?;::,,.}~ .sandiga~bfV~m.,. _G.R. N,o.. ~13847, Augus~. 1..8•.
habre· for da_mages.. h~ causedJS··~'~ytt~.st··!sm. 1,( ~01 ~!-_ ,.l B · ,\ . ·. . · . , . . . . _ :.. . ·
-.the·:p~rfqrmance ·ofh1s ·d~ty~au.n?~~Rev1s~ct,:·t~J .... V ·"'· :\. ·.: · ,· -... '. _ .· · · :
~e~al; Co~e;; '."':-fl~/e. 11, r~~~
CO!l~l~~r~d· ~s ~. ~\•i .~urp_ojesOff~a!l.1>.. . .. , ·:
, Justifying circumstance .. ~,~ 'fl. -=Pr.,-;:0 , ~= . L,, 1 .. 1.~:~~.~~~~s·~~ara.mce:at t~e trial_ ai:,cj ..1:11~0 ..
· · ·. · .. ·. : ·•
· · · · · "j ,·~ ..!;_'. ~)}.. I~,; ,rel,~.v,_e,Q)m.:,<;ifJliengors.0(1mpnsohm~nt (Enri/e.
-
•
.
· . ~
. . •
,.,..,_,,. •
3. To Break - out. from the bui1d'ii;i·g·«rir~··gi;tclosurk5-~· ,. -1,,
1- 'J
,p
· ,•", ·
· I
k<f
v. ·s a.n"if··
2015)'
Jgan '"4•:'JJ'a
a.y~n,
- .
GR N . 213847 A . ··118
· · · o.,· .
,: ugas · ,
. . .
when.nece.ssary to liberate hirrls'.!:?lf; ·and',·i · ·.. _· j~L- "¥"1J · · · ti .' ... " . · , ·- . · .. ·
·4, T·o s~arch ·the_.:~e-rson. arre~ted Jo.h-Oaiigerou~_.,.(.;.;;--f.},i:_:.-.?'l~?~oct_ e presum,pllon-of inno~ence ~nt1i 111~
.weapons or anything which · may<,>fiave-~~ef.l-,...··-...2-"'.l!J_:fl.,l_{l_~~-Prove~. beyof)d re~sd~able do.u_bt, ~rid.
'· u~ed ?r constitute proof in.the corfitnissio,~°:{an . . 3... To.. ena.bl~ )11m to pr~pare ·his· ?efe.~_~e w1.th?L!t..
.. offense without a warr~ht _(RQC, Rq1~·?'6>-,Sec. · . ·. · .. be;ng. subi~c_t.to._pun.,s~rnE!l'lt _P~!or to conv1ct1on.·
· 13): . ... . . · .~ · · •1•. . • (~ortes. v. (?atral, A.M. NQ.. R.T,!-~7-138.7,
.'. · · .. · ·. · ., . .. ·· . ·.. September 10, 1997).:,.. · .. . · . ·:- . .
.. N,pte·: .These. rules co.v.er orily ari of.ficer.eff!;)¢ling thle . lo. .• > . . .. ' . • . . . . ,: • • . . .
. . ·Ball AV~ilable-Only to P~rsons·in ~!,.istody of ti:ae·
arr.ei,~; It d_oes not coyeqf priva,te indivi<;fual making Law' .· · · . , . ..: ·· . · · ···-: ..
'ari arre~t (PAMARAfy s1.1pra ?f 26g-21$). ,, .. ·. ..A person i;,in. tile ~Ustody'.'oflaW.~heh :he.has,been
. 'either c1~rested or ott:mrwise. deprived .cit hjs ..freedom .
,N'a_v~rth~.le.s~;·a: iirivate·.i,ngividu~I may_b·e ~xempte~ . or:w1len'he. h~rs voluntarily. subniit~ed lj\'mself to the
.. frorli ;crim.i.nal ... li~bility.·_ A11 . ~re.spass . to ·dwelling . · 'jUrisdictiori bf. the. court 'by surrendering'' to the proper
.:whrmeyer: he has done· =so for the· purpose:. of. autho,:ities (Dfnapol .v.. Ba(dado,· A.M. No. ·92~898: .
render)ng· s'om.e :se.CYice 'lo. h'um.~nity· or justice. · . Augus{5, 1993j. .,. . ' .
· {REVl$EDPENAL . A.rt . .280,
. CODIE, . par: . 3). . .
an. extended period . of. detention .. is ~ a·. serious Forms ·ot·Bail: (CoP~CaR)- . . . .
. deprivation of his fundamental right to liberty. In . ·1. Corporate surety (ROG, Rule 114, Sec-. 10);
fact; it was'thisprolonqed.deprivationofi.il;>ertywhich ·. 2. ~roperty bon.d.(ROG,Rule 114,·Sed: 11):.·.
prompted . the extradition· court to grant ..flim bail. ·' 3. 'cash deposit (ROC, Rule 114, Sec.. 14J;·and
(Government "ot .Hongkong SpeQial Adminfs_trative · 4 ... ·Becog~izance (FWC, 'Rute 114; Sec{ 15). · ·
Region v. Otatfa,
. .
G,R .No. "153675;
. April 19, .2007). ·. f--!ote_: Prosecution witnesses may:'alsq. b~ required - ·
',.
Ban' in Deportation: ProP,eedings .· : - . . "·. .. · .to post bail.to ensure their appearence at the.trial of
General RulerThe righffo ball guaranteed by the· .' the case where: :.
t.onstitution-· may -not be' ·
inyoked. :ih favor of· .. 1: · There is a substitution of lnfo'rmation· (ROG, ·
petitloners-appellees..considering that deportation. Rule 1.10,· Se~. 4); arid ' . .. .
proceedlnqs do not constltutea erim.inal-ac6orr(Oog. 2. Where the court beli~ves that a.material witness
See: Hang -v, · · The Hon •.· .. Commlssione.r · of may notappearat the.trial (ROG, Rule 119, Sec. ·
-~~ .. .
-tmmlqretion, GJ{ Nq. L~9700,Pebruary.28;, 19(32}".:
Exc.eptio~:. "When such: ;prolqoged. detentlon, as Requiring Ar:r~·ig,;ment B.efore. G~a~t of-Ba'fi,. No(
where. the alien-to · be deported 'had .been ' under Valid . . . ,. . · .: · . ., · · - . .'
detention for.over 2 years.. their: indefinite detention · !t is a ..mlstaken theory for the ..·court to ".first. require .
would _consti_tutean-unwarranted deprivation c;>f.1heir arralqnment before the grant of .bail w_h~re' it is
liberty.tBall may· thus be allowed.Jn- such ~cases ..:i}.. authorl~ep:.The.reas9n&.are: '. ;. . _ .... :
(M.ejoff v, Director::of Ptisone» G:R:'· No. L-:4~q-~f;,~;;;l· 1, · The trial cou~. cqul~ ens,1--1re.the. presen.ce,o_f the
September26,·1951).·· _·.· .. ·: ._ .. .t.,9/;,.i)\ _·. ac:;c_u~ed. 8:t _Jbe arr~tgnm;ent .pre~1se\y b.y_
.-. .. · ... ,, ... ·. , · ·· . . f.\:;/"\,,oi-.1.-( .,gra11t1n~ bail ~ntl,ord.E;nng·,.h1s p_resenGe:·at ,rny
· The 1909· c~s'ef 'of us v: ·
Go-Sioc.o.is mustrativ~A ,rt;,;
,;;i{i_~:·.~,s.tageof.th~ .pr®.~~din~~-such''as ar~aig"nmer.it
. th_is case, a Chinese_fac_in~ ~_eportation_{or f~ll!!f..e f:~-?
•,f'1,,·1 ~:"·'.\'.(fif?{-d~¥l,]le,1.J 4, Sec. 2, _par; (b)); ~r;id .. ·. ""... ·· . : .
· secure the. nece_s.s"'!ry.cert1f1cate of reg1~.tr~.t10n:was
grant~d ba1!·pe_nd1ng,h1s appeal. Afterf'9tirig_that:th,e'\-,.if.
y fr.2. · Tfle-ac;cµ'.sec:L woul<;l be- placed 1~--a _pos1t~on .
w~er.e h,,(i~fs to choose between filing a r:iotion
prospe~t!ve· deportee had. c_o~mifte~·~m}:~;.~f.ime, -l!l,fY-'-l( · to ~uaiti.~~1-tl:J~s dell;IYhls _rel~ase on q~11•. and
Court opmed_. that.-"."fo refu~e huh ~1;!1~:,1?··YJ.Jteaf'h1n;i ./','t . for~gfll':\9).th~_.fi~mg,of a motion to. quash so that
a~. a person who. has_ committ_~-the moj(:SE:rio_v1~-; . •:?. .he-c:pn b~ ar\a1g_n~d.at ,once·and thereafte_r. ~e
cnme k~_o"'.'"1 to law;•: ~nd ·th,~t'!\Pile-~~p.~rtqt1~n_._!s"\. L~ . ;;_ rele,.~~~l'.lton. \a1! (Lav{des _v .. CA; G.R: JVo. ,
. not a cnhlmal proceeding; sti{Qe· of.::tl1~;:nj1J1chni\.~f¥- · !··1il' · t?_9,~'l~!;f$.h;!:f!~~>1, 2.000)., ' · .:· . - .
use_d. "is ·the machinery c;>f ·9rin:ii_Qal, l<3w!;:.r,i;ius;:1itl'i.~·. R-1 ~-?.:.:£•·.;;.i.;u..1·i·-' · - · · -- . · . . -- .
provisions relating-to baifwas appfreq,to'':cjes:>.9rtatio)i' ,:r SEC_TION. z. E;ONDITIO_NS OF THE . BAIL;
proceedin~s. ·.. ·,
. , . -
.
.
. :-. .. _·
. . . .
~r:(;.· Yi-. ~ '. r{,n.~~l
,-..,.... At{}
UIRErvl~N!S; (~A:E)
;; ·• .r.r·•·,,t; ~.--,- . . . ~
. . . · . . . . . . ', ·,;;-,.,;,,-:· .. ·"<::;-;.,;_;~;. ;.'·1.:,.:,;T.t.i.~~ndertaking shall tie ".sttective . upon
In Me1o_ff .v. _Director_ o~ !'nfons __ a~._'<.J!Phirs~~.r:;·V. . . - . approval, and"tjnless cancelle.~;-shalJ re·m'ain in'
Co"!m1ss19:1 of lmm~grat,o~, -~h~ Coi)ij,._J_I: '}~ ~hat ·" rorce.at all stages. qt. the.case until promulgation
. foreign ._nationals aga~nst ~horn no ·form_l!):pr:tmm~I·_ ·of. 'the. judgment. o( th·e· RTC,·; Jfrespective; of .
char~es·have;_be,en_flled·may be·r~lea_~.e~ .on ba.11. whether-the.··case. was '.orJginally fite~I in-:or·
pen~mg -~~ frna],t}'._of an,~rder .<;>f:'de~_rtat1~n.As: .aP.pealed_to it.: · . . · · .. · · · ·· ..;-
prE:v1ously_stated, p1e_Colirt;1n. fvf.W?ff rel_1e_d. Uf>O~ !he· . . .. 2. The. accused shall -~ppear' before,. the. prqper.::
Un1~ersa}~eclarat1?n of.Hurna.~_·R1ghts n:1o-s1--1stam1n~ coui'ts whenever- so·required ·by the: court or
the ·· deta1_nee'.s .. r-1g_ht .. }o; ba!l JG?y_er~m~iJt.: .of · these ._F_wles; . · . · · . . .. . .: ·. .
Ho(!gkong Specfal.A<!_rr11n1stra_t,ve __ Re,g1on_ v'._Olalta, 3.. ·'The failute of. tl)e accus.ed..to appear at the'trfal
G.R. No. -15.3675, ,ftpnt_:19,.200'1): . . . wi!hollfjustificatiori despi~e ·d,,ie notice. sr~IJ b~..
deemed a waivs)r. of· his right to ·-l;le .. pr:.eserif
P_erso.ris under:' C)jstC:,:dy:· of: -~ inia·IY'.. C9urts. a_re · 'therea~. ln":stich "case, t~e-{ria! "may'proce.ed_ih
NOT'erititled to Sail · • · ' ·· absen.tia; ano. ·. . ' "..'· . . ·. . '.
Rei:rsotis: 4. The bondsman shall. surreri.de.r the •ace.used :to
1. "Unique structure of tfre military; . . court for exe'cuti.on.of tt)e" firia_l ju~g'mer:iJ." ' .
2. Danger ·to."security ~s
.they _are. allov.,e_d· by the .
goyernment to·thefidl)ciary:use offi'rea,:ms; ahd . N9te: Once ai)· ac~~sed esc·ape, ·from pri~on or
3. Qarigercius ·as the acc::used--officers ·out. oh" ba.il cori1inement, ji.Jinps baH, or flees to a foreign 'country,··
may. use. the:ir military infiu~ncE!· to.
their fellow he loses 1_1is standing in court. Unless he surrenders·
.coi;nrades ii, order" to 'overthrow" the .govern mint . or' sub'mi,ts."lo the juris.diction ', of tl_,e ·co1,.1rt, he. is' ..
(Co,:nendador. v.. De· ViiJa; (3.R." No ..
·93.117, : qeerned to tiave waived an"y right ,to seek· relief from
August 2, 1991). · · ·. the court. (Villena v. Pe.op/e, GR.· No. 184091,
January 30, 2011). ·
2019
.
SAN SEDA LAW. CENTRA~IZEDBAR GPERATIONs:r
~ 57..1 . :
ll!lil~~:::c':l;.;:;:~~ma-- .. ma-- .. illl!..... !IIZll,..Slllllllllmli!lllllmlll .. lllllim.lllll!ml!lm1311.1~------.m'll--~........llla ...... m~
Ii>
his pro.~isional liberty on the ·lrme: ba~I boi'i°ij';j1;1nr:if ~ '-~Y{ff6_.f!jej{ot P,~~i~hab~.by dea.th·,reclusion peq,'efUa, .'if~
-the, peno.\'.l to appeal, ·<?onsenl\of the 11.Q~ds . a:~n(~(im~pson.rrie9.f~her~i~. th~ _9~c!nt' of_ ball,. I~ .. -.;.,~
necessary (M_aguddat_iJ.: v.. GA. ~.R. No~ 3 ~9,''TE'I-·~~~cr~tio,1Jaf¥,th~rE} m1,1st be a ~eanng b'efo.re a bail . .,{
. Febru.ary23, 2000). . ·~-· ~ ~~- '-.:, -:.~,~~fed't)f\.. ~.(iJe~.to· __ aff~rd)he.. i;,ros~cuti,an. the···:-,.-~
· . . · .... : ~, ~ _.Oj.''h~.,. .~~anc~:i:to PRP-tfse ·1t (1;3asco v.. Rapatalo; .A:fyt.1 Nq. },~
Note; The tnal court ma_y .lmi)ose. other f:leq_~1tidrxs m 'J\
.if !Rir"~~::JJis, March ~. j.99-7,.). · .. ·· · · · · · ·J,
grantln.g b.ail where t!)e .likelihood 9f. th~·oo.itte._~· :v
JL~~ ;,_..,...-,v- . . · .. : . · . . . ..:.. · . . :;;,~
jumping bai.t·or ·of commit.tin·g · othe~ ti.arm· to tti~-....:==-..:..~.g~aritof.bail is. a mattf!irof-right ~xcept in ~ses. ,·:~f.
. · .citizenry is feared ·(Almeda v.
Vil/.aluz. G.r:?: ·No. L-. . invqJv~ng c~pital offen,ses when .tti.e·r.natt.e.r is. lef~ to.: '·:{v
. :U665, !J.U9.1.1$f 6; 1fJ.75):- · · the. ~ou_od discr~.t!orfofthe, coµrt .. T.ha~ discrEition·nes, \ff.
· ·' · · · · not in the determination whether ·or.; not· a · hearing .--:,;;
. .Hbw:ever, the . co~rt: !Tlay ·n.ot. i111p~se .. .addition.al s.houfc! · ~e·... Mid ··,.bµt,: 'il'.l :.the .. appreciatio~,' ~nd~- 'jj'
· obligatio.ns upon the bondsman· otlier. tban· those · evalu~tion ~t: the pr~secution'(.evid~nce.- of QUIIL ){
p·r~vid~dfor:by law. The obl.lgatiqn imposed upon 1h~ · . · agains_t'the. accused .. Howev.er,. when the: grant of.:'}'"
bondsmen -:caiJnot. be gre~ter ·n·or of a . different bail .iS djsctetionary,.the p.rcisecution:fias the ou.rdeo:·,. \;.;.
.cha.racter ''than - those imposed up'9n· the accused of ·~~o~ln,g t}.lat tfli:( evi~enre .6f .. 9~ilt .:~gairJ~t: the ~f,
(Band.oy'v: CFI, G:R. No.' L~5290, Match· 11. 'r909): a9cused. 1s ~tro.ng :(Narct$OJv. Romana-Cru.i; G.R. ji,
No. ,134504. Marci) 1-7,. 2000)'.. . : · ·' . · · · : . ./!:
• - • • • • • ~ • .J\'lt
Effect of F.iling a. Fake Ball. Bond .
By filing a fake bail b.ond, an apP.ellant is·d~eme~ to · .. N~tice··.of H·e~-~ing Re_ q ~tr~d:' Wtiether:b~il ill ii,)~
h·ave : .escaped from confinement during· the ._matte.r_.Qf dgbt or. of dis9retioii_;,. r-easbnab1~·.~9ti~e .of.··-':¥~
. ·pepdet,cy Of hjs appeal and in the normal CO!JrS~ Of · ·hearing is required: to be giit~n Jo.=the j:>rQseculor o.r ::;i~
. thing's, his: appeal should be d!smissed .bc;lsed on · fiscal or at least he·. ,nus.t ·b.e ~sked . tor .his · ;~
Sectiqn 8, Rule ·124 (People v:. Del Rosario, G.R . recom.mendl;!tior . bed1use , in tQCing 'the .aniou.nt of . Ar
. Nos. ·1.07297-98,:December 19, 2000). · bail, th~ ·judge i$ requli'ed to ·take i.i:ito· a<;:count' a· . .;;:;
numbe'r of f~ctors.. such as U,e applfcant:s·character.. ·it
and reputation, forfeiture of other bo.nds 9r wheth.f?t l
:,•
"A•
·i
572 I 2019 SAN BED~ LAW CENTRALIZEDBAR OPERATIQNS . .']
CRlM·1· ·N·A·L· ,PROC-EB.0.·R·E
I SAN BE:DA.LAW.CENTRALllED
BAR OF'ER.A.TIONS·-MEMORY A/0'2019 ..
t,e isa fugitive fr.om'justice.(Qhin v. 'Gustlto, A.M. No. . exceedi!iQ 6 years, and none or
the' circumstances.
RtJ-94-1.243, Augus{11, ·19g5;, · . .- . · · ". -, ... -mentionad in the· third patagraph of RUie j1'4,- Sec.
5 ':' is present, _bal! is a .' matter .of sound judiclal ·
Hearing ls riot -requlred If bail is recommended by discretion. Even if such' clrcumstancesare absent,
· prosecution and· !t is' a matter of right ·'(Doryungo v. · . the court~t·illhas tbe:.cJiscr.etion'fo·grantoi:'deny bail.'
Pagayatan, A.M. No.' RTJ-03-1-751, June 10, 2003).,:..:
. . . . ·,
·. -· •. . . . ... •
. On the other.hand, if thecourt..determines that any ·
The Accused.Who Abscond_eda~er Postlng'Bail ;_ ·, ot-the enumeratedcircumstances in factexists, the ..
·. D9e!ji. No_t. Lose. His'· ~ight to ·Ba'il: When. ar:1 -court has .no other opfion-. to deny .or revoke bail
accused posted bail . as . a ·matter . of. right- . qnd . : pending appeal (RIA~O, _supr~ at 330): . ·. .: · .: ·
abscond.ed and 'then was··subs-eqµently re-arre.sted; .
his-hall wili' be forfeited. However,. he-·can still file for- · . No~~: i~: ·df
~rder. t6 ·~rant bail .; a ·.matter ~f sc~eti~n;
· another ban. The co-ur:t. carfr1ot' deny bail ~, it is a. there must p~ no finai judgm·e.ntyet: In, other words,
rna,ter of righ.~.. .·. . . . · - the accused should i:fppeal'.theconvlction pft.tie'F;ffC
0
', Reme.dy of·the Court-: tncrease.the ~mount ~ftt{iii~'/f;h,.' When-Bail'Will N,OT ~·e'Gra~ted_: (~C2 E~) . · ' .
to
· in order <J!scourage the accused from j~mplhg'p'Jt'.i:\.;_,;\ 1 .. Before co_f!v1c_tion qy-the'RTC·whe11.accus~d is .
(~ec. 20) .. : ·. · . · .:· , .·_ · · ;J ·<i\;;,~_r
. . - . .
~>
,!~~m .. ~h_arg_e9.-wit;h·~r;t·~ff~nsej)unis~ble·by r,E;iclu·siort · :
r ! J" A>L.,.cti.'.PJW>,!3,t.~)!0-hfe·1mpns9.nment. or de~th . and the
..
• .. . · · • : :. ·
.SECTION 5. BAIL,_ WHEN DISCRETION,~~y · -'.--'
, . · · ·.' .· ·. ...
· ·
. · _.... r;/·. ·
tr·. ·
' _·..;-o~' ·
evidettee;~f-~uilt is st~o,:ig (Sec. 7~;
j·L-d . 2. After. _Cp'ljiY1c,tlon· by ·the -RTC _ _.when, penalty
....
Bail is Discretionary: - ... '(./: ·~=.P2>i~· ~>,,: · fff , G'j~'ft:/~;'!J.3'.'!J:?tJ:agUst 2,}9_91),;, . · : ' · ..
· 1. ·Upo_n conviction by. th_e RT-q.__c~fijl.L~,ff~,nset~-;>f ~?} 4. Aft_er~'_m'!'Jl,ti6f!·bythe RTC:i.mpo.sing a penalty
-. ·p~rns.hable by death, reclusrbtj';P-_f!!P·~l'!~: or hfe .. ,·r', . : qf 1mp_nsonment·5xceetfingsix (6) years.but not
· impr_isonm.ent,.admissior:i to bail:i.S: djscrJ?jo!'lary:·.. r,l\.•:--r:-:- 1mo~e ttiar;:~Oyears ~n<:f-:~ny of th~ circum~!a~ce
.. 2., After conyi_ction by the RTC where<o:;a.;,~e~a(tyo( ;..,.ihi.,t\1:•'•'-~Jl.tlJil,~fc:!ted .. above ··and ·: other ,-. SJmilar.
. "imprisor:iment _exceeaing 6 but riot;o;i,oret~.a~~2'0t:-...::.~;~~-!,t'~ire1:i'~n~t.an.ce is ··present- and· proved, '. nq, ·tfail
· ~~ar:>·:·. i_s ·ir1pos_ed, . _a·nd· -not. '.{>,P.t ·. "Py-:'~1th~ ·. · shalt b_e Qfa~ted:(Sec; 5!; and .. . . .
. crrc~mstances below rs present_and'P.f0~~9· barl 5. , J!,ldgmen_f ·1s· · f!nal and· · exeeutory l;!nles~
· is a matter of diScreUon; (RECFLI).' .. :-- . . ac·cused ·. applied for . probation:. before
a. ,Becidivlsm,, qua~i-recidiv_ism I or · ·tiabitu~I ·,, . _ · ~6rnmencing :tp serve sentence of 'penalty ar:i~
· -delinquency or; _comm_i~sio~. ·.of: .. crime . off~nse w!thin: 'purview--of prob~lion law· (Sec.·
. ·. aggravate<;!· by' .the' circi:.utistan·cei,;,., ·'Qf.. · ,·'24} . .: ·. ' · · . . - -
· . r:eltet'fltion; ·, · . . .. , . ·.. . ·· · ... ., , . . .. . . . .. ,
. · ... b ... ~reyi9us gscap~ from· leg~!- confi!)en'ient/.... .Where (q·File·B~il· up·ohConvie.tioo b.y-th~ RTC c;,i :·
. . . evasion· Of sentence or violation·. of-·'ttie .• ...: . an· Off~rise .N_ot ·P.unisti_ab1~- by De~~h. Recfus}c:m .
. conaitions of.bail without.v.alid jµstification; ... .- · Perpetua or Life lmprisoriment: . ...... : ·.
c. ~ommission, · of: an . offense · )t'Jhile. on ... : 1; · With'the·trial court. desp.fte the filip{f of a riotl6e ·
. probation. par.ale or under- .conditiona~· . . 'of aprr~al. provkled it. ha_s. not- transn:iltted 'the
: par.don; , . . . ' · . ·. .. . - · origTRa·1record -to v,ie ap~Uate:coort:(ROC,Rule ·
d; Girc~·l'n$tance. of 'the. accused · or hi~· .cas~ -114; $et:. 5); · .. . .· . . .. : .. · . .. . . ·. · .
. ·indicates th.e· p,robability of·fligJit if're(.easec:I 2. · \'\:'ith:-th~·appellate COlirt if the ciriginal re<,Qrds ..
. o(l bail~ . · · . ·· . have-already peen·transmitted :(RIANO,- supra·
·e.->Undue risk-of cornrnission. of another. crime· ·. at 328);_qr .' · . .
by the ·accused during. pendency.'oi appeal. . 3. · , With .the. ~ppellate·cotirt if the de~ision of. the
. ' ' . .. . ' .. trial ~ourt convicting t~e ,accused change,d the
Bail ,l,}pon Co.nviction by the RTC·Wh~re·Penalty. nature- ~f:.the offen!jie .from non-bailable .to
Is Imprisonment Exc~edlng·6·years . ba.ilable (RQ_C, Rule 1_14, Sec, _5). ·
Whe.re·. thl;l penalty imposed on the accysed:.:
· app~llant applying for bail is imprison·ment
··---· ·- - ---··-------------------------~--~-~----·
CRl Mi NAL:·.P.ROC.E·o·u·RE
SAN BEDALAV{CENTRALIZ~D !JAR OPE(!,4-fkJNS -:.M~t,lOR_Yit1D..io19. ·
.
SECTION. 6. CAPIT Al! OFt;ENSE,· DEFINED to the primary .objective o_f. bail,. which 'is to: ensure
. . · · . · .. · -, ·· . that the· accused appears attrlal. . · ·. _. · · . :_·.:...·,-~
It refers to an offense which, ·under. the law-existing ,
atthe time 'ot.:its. oomrnlsstorrand at the time of the . · ,The Unlversa! Declaratlon of Human :Rigl,ts -has. • ·l
application to bei admitted to bail, may be p_unlsheGl : · authorized the. grant - of bail upon a · clear. and ·. -Jc/.
witlJ death. . . . convlncinq showinq; (1')'thafth_e··aeta.inee.will'·hot'be . ::f,
·. -· ·.. · · : · .a flig~t-ri.s~ orsr danqer' to the.community. and·{2,) · ·'ti:
The caplta! nature.of a~'offense is dl;iletmi~ed by the .. that there exist special, hurnanltarlanand compelling .. "1"'1
penalty prescribed by'law' and notthe penalty to .be circumstances. . . .. ,·;:;
, . actually imposed. To-,allow bail 'on the basis of the_· . ..., .. . . ... . .. .'~;.
penalty to · be actually imposed would requlre a . Enrile's soclal. and political. stand.Ing and his ·hpving , 1,\
conslderanon rio, only of. the evidence ·-of..the .·rmm(;?diately·surrendered to'th~·author.itjes 'upon hi~· : ';/,
commtssion uf the.crfme .but' also'tevtdence -ot the · befng_ ctiarqed In cou~ lndlcate' that.jhe .risk ·.of-his.-. ':~-.v
aggravating -. and miµg.ating ..¢ir9u.m·stance~. 'There flight or-, -~scape fronr this· jurisdi~tion is.. highly:. ·::Ji
a
wouldthen 'be need for.a complete trial, :after which u.nlikely•. Tlie currently-fra_gile.state of_Enrile'$. health. - :)1.
the judge Would. be just about ready, to render 'a . . .: pres_ents .another .. ·compelling· jUstification . for · his· ·: G:
. dedsion ih-~e c~i'se.; . · .. · . . v:
. i:,di:nissi.on to_ball'(Enrile Saadiganbay~n,.G.R. No .. _<j1
. . _ . .. . . . . '·· . . . 21.3'$47;.August-18;.2015). ··~t:
Nevert~eless, ·where it Ii.as b.e.er(e.stablis.hedwit~6,Wi=..,;-~---; .· .. ,.: ·. . ..· , - . . · . -~i
objection that the ·,accus~d. is· or:iiy_ 1~;ye~r,.f>"!ifc!;it, l ·l · '§ej;.·~-.&;(~.,d· pa~).,.. RA 108~3; Ney,{_ f'.r-itl°Camapping. · ·-j;
f611<?ws that, if. convicte·d, .he wQuld ~lvep.).~IJ.e~~ :J.l'1,r,, 1n~~P.e~~n,~har~ed:V>'.ith can:iapping or-~~~~ j~
pe~alty nex~-. lower. thah. jhat .. pre~f~~O"'tfY>-1~,;.'=.=z,=-~!, ·.Gfimeyf.·.C~z.rnnapp!ngI~ com.rr-u!(ed by . ~rllll.lJ)al · . ·. ~
· ~h1c,h ef!ect1vE:IY . rules .. out ~~,deat!),,.,.p,efi.~J~y:: . · . gr~_~&:,,__~~~~Jr'e~ynd1cates or by·m.eans .of_violence· .:. J[
Accused ts. entitle<;!· to ba11· .(Bu3!fO,;t1(.ll-.tt'.i~qa~or.. _11;1.tii;(f1cta~1.Q.'-~~ 2_:-Pf persol)/s or forc~d· upof) things; ~~1
· · · · ':"o:
.<3.R
·. . _ /{ . NJ' · ,f. · · · . . ·.
-~·65228,. February 1 §'f/[~S-5):.:f'.:
.· · . . ,rn · ]· .~r.whe\the':q~erqd.~j~_et., ?<1ssehger o(ocC1,1p1;1nt of ·.:(i
lC · ~~ ... rff.\.e carn~ppe'a,v1gh1cl~skrlll;)d or raped in the·.qpurse· ·. ·-,1,!
-~-~CTION·7. CAPITAL OF_~et,4s.:,t-jPT ~~ll.A.B.!=_~· Qf._!h:_::~rnap8iFf2¥$~/1be:de_nied bail .wh~n the. .,fJ
· . : ·. · ·. · · .· :-·.Jf· ~;;;r-K ·. -,t' . .·
f . -II ·~E:V1aence-.ofgu1lt-is·l?J_q>'r.g ... _ · .. · ,· .,.
\ :'tjttrr · 15:"'1111,-_.., ·8 · · } F""' . 'ii
. .. . .)~
c!~t:;r o;:~e
G · · "I R I · · · . te:_ · K.
·--~r. :u,_ose. ~uri4;a~!~ .by ·,~~ius~~-r.;,
. · ·. · . .
to pete~tn,p~ifi~lde·n~~o.f :(;u_i1i.1s.'~-~:ong_:... : \~,
perpe(Lla, lif9: i!T'pl"iselnr:nen~lf~e~t~.ar~·t>~il~~·-<The te~{~.·tw~either. t~e,eyi~~nce-establis~es gujlt .... 11
· · ·~
I
I
. Note:·. R.A.. No: 9346, {A~. A~t Prohibiting·· the. 3.' The court shall' examine the witnesses on their
Imposition of· Death · Penalty . in the· Philippines)._ direct'te"stimciriiesor affidavits to 'ascertain if the
· suspe.nded_the imposition of de~_th penalty. · evidence df.guilt ottli.~ accused ·is st~ong. The
•' ' court's questions nee_d not follow .a.ny p~ctl.cular
SJ:CTION 8. :· $!.JRDEN-: OF. -·.J:>ROOF · IN . BAIL orderand may shift from,one witness to another.
APPLIC/l.TION . .. . TIJe· court shali -then allow. counsels from both
sides to .examtne the witnesses· as well'. The ·
.The.heari.rig should. be summary or .othe~ise"in the . . court sha\l afterwards·hear t~e orar'argom~ntsof .
discretion of thecourt. The burden of proving that the . . - the· parties.on ·:whe'th~i- or :·not the evidence. of
: evidence of guilt is strong'lies··with· the, pro_se.cution · guilt iit1?trcing;' .. . ... . . .
·. (Coir);a· v. Ahtona,._AM..'.No:·RTJ;~g~1.s1Bf:'August_.. · 4 ... WittJi.n .48 hours.after ;hearing,· 'the court shafl
14, 20QO):_ . . . ·. . Issuean order con.tainiiig.abriefsum·mary of the·
,_.-.. evidence. adduced- before it, followed. by · its
:: Note: .The resol~tion'·of petition -, for bail .shalL be . conclusion of-whether. or ncW,tne 'evidence of
. based 'solely.on th'e:evid.ence:p'resente<tdurinq the gu\it. is . strong: :such. conclusion shall not be.
bail. · proceedinqs · by .' the · prosecution. The . ·· · reg~r.dect;,~s·a pre-judgm~:fn(t>~· the meritsof the
'pr-0·secutio(tshall present onlY:,'J)ieces pf. evidence. i case tlia_t·is to be determined -only after afun-
that are essentialin establi$fiirig ·that thei evidence.of --btown .trfal {A.M. 12-11.:.2-$C, Sec.: 6) . . .
guilt is strong. : The., accused .need not · present · 5. P1Wtion .for .-tiliir shall be heard·. and resolved ·.
evidence to contradict or·_ rebut the' prosecution's~,<>, _ a ..
\irit!1ir.i'. non-extendible.. iierio~ 'of 30::·c~lendar
?viderce .(AM. No._ 15-06-·1.0-SC, Subhe~d_ingJ(I{ ,;J{ d.;i_ys from:.9ate_9f_Jh_t'!firsthe~rinG·: e'>q::_~ptiri ~r~g.
item no. ·10) ·. ,. · -~-. · ·,. · . .. :-. /i'-':'~. ,; \. . ca_ses.wh1ch .~h.all qe heard_ and ·re_~9h1ed\o/lth1n
. ·. · ..... · . :· . ,: . . . . :·, . . . ·l;v~·.;.:'}'sl . ·29~a!el}a~rdays·,_without.needohiralatgurttent
. R~les:.yvben E,3ail Applic~Uo_n.ls Fi_le'd:·: .. :'· JJ h<~,:;Y ,-':;i:i---ind su_!;>~ission:of~emo~ar.id_a!.qo~~istentwi\h
1 ... ·. Bail i:riay·b~ grc!nte~ ·gnly ~f!~rmotton;!~)):::t~~\''/!ir~s"::,,Qfl:i~-~-~T~P.ry·mlture_ O! t.hewqc~ed.mg~. · , ..
. purpose has -been f1!ed_. ·It may not_~~ygrantec:1;:t:· f;, 6. M'ot1<;>n-fpf.;reconsid~rat1on .on th~ r_es-olutron of
. :'.: mo_t.tJi· pr.oprio·: (Lardizabal -v. /?.eyf}(~_.M· Ncy\,.Jj. . . ·
... _petitiqn/~~,ba1_'.!: shi;l'II be res.olvet(wit~in · ·.(non-, . -·
. -MT{~.91,:89/,. ~ecembe,;__2_5,: 19.9.4)j~}~(\ · ., :,.,l-<'i\ exte~qJ~l~_'~ftio:c_lof,1 O_ ~aJendc1,I'days -from _d¥1te .·
· 2:_. !f.tha prose~ut1pn.refu~_~sto-a~~,Y,W# eyttl.~~e.1t
.. _rs st!II . 111a11cJatory f~r_ th~.,_'~tllrt to J~~tlielct t\.-
h'F;\ : . ·· of'sutJ;m1~~1p,;i,,:of;the_!11ot1on_(A.M_.N<;>, 15-06-:-10-
sc;, ,Sub1eag1~g. _I{/; ,,fem,no .• 10) . . . . ._ .
.. heanr:ig or . asf< · sear-_c.~,11119,:;;anq~:!Jljlnfic~tory">_Jnt · .... : -~ ;f_;..J.~ :..~ '1;; .·. ·: · . ·· · · -: . . : :
. que~trons_(Bay.lon~v,S1so~_{XMP-Ngr,,f!t_·. ~2~0~ · tf;'-:! _NotEh.Jf.i~V;~~~_;~-f;l~Jfnot s~~P.~_oq.!~e presen~~!t~n.
:;:i-
April 6., ·J ~9_5);, ·. · · · ..... :~"~:::..:.:',0};7)>. . &-"°;\;,} . ,of the -~~1dett-®:'.:~J.cl')!ef wh_1le_ ~wa1t)_ng_r~s~lut10~ of
3, the dec;;1s1on must col'ltam a cop;tpJgte~~mma_r,y · . ![>/ th~ petition for bail· or fh~ mot1or,f_or rec<:ms1deratlof!
. ofihe e·viden_c~.of.th_eprosecutiQIJ. (Jd.};,or .,_ ··. JII , (A:M. No;',15-06,10-SC, Subheading·IJl;'item·nr;,.10)'. ·
· . 4. , Fc;1ilure · to :aUege' s_urnjnary,:of. _eyigle,nda'Lifl th~- .- /'-/!';':i 9J''rki~...:.· . . ·: .
. : .·'{\'titt~n o_rder .o( bail shall repder .t.f.i~:'brde(y§j:a~Pii,v·•:'.~ .. ~ ··: ,)
.. whe.ther·or.not oait is. Q_rant~d~·.T~~~, .'ud\;)j{i5a'n. · · · ·
also ·face· admihis.trative ch.sirge.s.'f ~(lllls:fg v.
Puruggailan, A~M- :No. oo.:1529-RT. :~April: 9, .. : ·.
_ 20(?*). , .: . <," . . . : ' · : . . . . . · ·. :
"Procedure '-in:_ Bau.'_·. Hearing·.-. in: 'Offenses
i•
_Pi.sriisl:fab_le by De~th; Recipsfan-Perpetu;;, or Life
Imprisonment: . . . . . . · · · . · : · ·. · · . ..
·'
.·1.,· Ttu{hearibg of th~-~ccu.sed's mo.tion for.paiHh .
. off~ns~s " punishable:. . by .. de.ath; reclusion .
peipettiot. or life jmpri~onlil~!')fshall ~~ summary.
wilh the prosec!Jtion · .b'earing · the burden of .
'.s_howir.ig.. that the evidence of guilt is stro·ng.. _The .
· accused may at his-optron,_,ifhe wan(s the court· . ·
to consider. his .evide'nc.e as ·well, .'submit in·
. support of )iis· motion ·Jh'e_· a'ffid,avits of his
:
.. -
~·
witnesses·attesting to his·ii'uiocence. ·
2.· At the hearing..oMhe accus~ts rriotion for. ba_il;'
: the :ptoseh_ution s_hall presenf its,wit_nesses;.with.
·the· · option 'of.. e2<am.ining · ·them 4on .:.direct'_. Of
·adopting the affidavits _t~ey executed during-the
preliminary .investigation . ~s.:, their 'di~e~t
· testimonies.
Note: ·Tlie tr,ia( court maY· not rejec~- o~e.rwjse . and -w,tti notice. to the public'
acceptable sureties and insist thal me accused ·prosecutor, -,the Sanggunian .. '
.. obtains his provisional liberty only thru a cash pond. . where the child Jesides, and _:,
Excessive bail .shall not be 'requlred .(Aimed~· v..
G.R,.
•. ··the -private . complai~ant:. The . '
, Villaluz,
. . . . No: L-31665,August . 6,- 1.975).
. · child .shall :be releas.eq. to the
. custody · ~f · a ·' wifllng · arid
SECTION
.. . 15. RECOGNIZANCE
. . . . r~spo~~ible mother ~:fr fathe·r,
·. or guardian- or custodian,· or ·in
-lt ref~rs.. to 1;1n _obligation of record, _entered -lnto .. their: absenc~~ the nearest
. before some court or officer authorized to takeit wittl .· . ·relative·. . .• .
a ·condition-to do some particular act; the. most usual ·. ·:5_ P:b." No. · 603 - :-1n case a
condlnon fn crtmlnal cases being the 'appearance of . . :you.thful bttender .· hel,d •tor
the.accusedfor. trial· (People V.· Abner,. G.R. No. k phy~ical . 0r·· .~. · r:rientcir ..
2508, .O,ctober 27, ·1950).·: · ·
.. examinatiori", trial or c;1ppeal, .if · ·..
', ' ·,:·'unable. to,:'fuh')fsh· !:iaii" arid : ..
Note; The rele~se ~fthe accused rri"ay.be.m1·~is own
recognizance, which means 'that he has become f:l.fs .
. . . under the -circuinstarices; <
.
own jailer. (E:;harac.ter Loan) ·'(S9 Administrative_ · · · . .6: Rule· 114;-se_c._ f6 -A.person. /
Clrcular No. 12·94, dated August 16; 199.4:Effectiv_e-.,,.".,,,;;;.~-
: Dctoqef.1, ·1994)'._·
. .
~ECTlb.N . 16.. BAIL.
.
WHE~. NO,,Y,,~~,!~~.Q;~U;
: .
,
· : · .. ··. ?")"~-~,~
······,~P·-f_~
· u·
~
'.'. ·who'has·peer, i.ii'~ustody fora ,':
.. period equai-t~ or"more •than:·,::"
· the · · '.JXlS~ibl~· · · ·. ;maxiryium ,
irnprisorim:ent .· ·prescti6<:id for '· '-
. the· -offense charged, . without .
·REDUCE~ BAIL ON R-ECOGNIZ~!)IC.E·y1"',µ;<.-_ . · . . . \;._pr~j~pice tolhe continuatior.iof .' .
. . . ,..,..-f,"--....,. ,f -~)',• _._.,,. ·.
. . . . . . . ·. 5?.: - ' V". · ,~·,9' _d%'_... J,. ,~the'..triaLorthe. proceedings on
Jnstances wherei~ the ')c,JJsetJfay;s~·. iUl· ~; ' -Ji:-tpp'eal·-':·:·. . ' ... ·, . ..
. Released on Recognizange,Wl~ll~ut ~Uttmg.l.f" .
·1~(!1.flff~4,.S~c.·2+:;Wli_ere. th~ . \ .
. Bail. or on Red.uced Bcfil y. . QJj -ac~ilS:~tf . . . has .. apph~d for . . \~
.· . . . ··/J.fr.-~_,,.t!·. ~-~~
... ·1.B.A Nbr4esf'
9 .:_·'::~fen~tfl;iji~--:::.· ( -~tq~atfon_and be_fpretl:i~ s_ame ·/;·;,,..:'
ha~ been resolved but:no. bail. )t,
offendd'r is~·! ndigent\and tlila• ;.,. ;:;
)'I " ~{'!\.. .. u..f,I,!; -~~~- fil~ci . .-:of _the_ a~~L:JS.~d, !S :'._~ I.
offense)'fs...: · , pu111s!Japle 'by ~~
. · death, 'fe.ph,.1sif~r-.~$:~ti\~. or
life impr'i~0~r.rfe\;i~. \q~, j) -q· ~:.:r
;~
: · .m,cJlipable . of. ming .. ·on_e, In · "°';$', ·
~®h1cli case_·· li'e' - mciy'· :be... >l;.
. '·. lerea~e:i:fon_:recoghizar.ice;. ~'
;
·2. R.A. No' 603~ - '\~ens ' '"'' ,.:.- a.·~hlesof Summary.Procedure, . ;J{
. charged ,s vio[ati,f>n · · · ot;l'll' '""-.'>ec>./
.· .. ;se_f)'..:··· .t'S._ ·.-,,,~ictcuse~ ,.-:was ff
· ordlnance, '\11ght tefo~y -Qf Fl ,~
. crimlhar · ···:. '\qffense;}"·,.,,_Jh· -~~ '-i ··
St ~r ,-,_arrest_ed_tor failure t~ _appear ;{
f · when (!=JCJUJred.py the court. In. · i
. ir~posable pen'a1ty-<wf.i~:i-:etoi~'
. does -not exi;:eed':·5~~±1'1Vot .
"'~~-
1\-'f • -~. ·such -instance; tt;i_e .co,µrt can. ·
· - ·. allow ·' the. , a6cused . · to· be .:"+
:t
: . · imprisonment · and/or":fiRQf_· · --3 .:i . . · r~leased either · on· baii or . }.:l)
:;-. · P2;ooe. he can· be .placed in =---.=.';'-n, 'recotfrii~arice of ~-responsible :· {Y,
. recognizance of hi.mself oi" of.a ..
citiz~n;.-and • · .· · . ,· 3Ji
' ( responsible'dtizen; ; •·· .. ;
9·;. Rufe 1-14, ..Sec. 16 .-.... A person. _.'I.,
3... R.A No_:·761.0 ~- 01'\e --of the· .·:. accused o(a°f( offense',with a- .. J
. ·'.rights of a ChlJd. ar,"restedactfng . .. nia,xfrrium penaliy:-of de~tierro . J,
. . ·as a"co.m~atant; spy, carrier or 'shall be're'leased ·after"30 days
. ~ guide in al'.'I ~rmed coi:,flict is to
.pe teleased in recog_nizance to
' ·of preventive _impri!:;on'm~rii...
. .-·the·. · cu~tody :of ·b$WD · c_>r Rule di Se~. t'6 ·..,:.A p~rs6n. in. ,
J?.;;,
· responsit)le . member·· of. ··the custody for: a. period equal to. or... , './~i
· community; · · .. ·· more ·ttian tlJ~ .minimum. of the·. <~.
· 4. A:M· 02-1-18 ·:-'-· : During ·principal pena(ty. prescribe? _for · • ·\~
· · p~ndehcy qf. a case· involvin'g the, .. o~ens1;1 . char~e~.. w!~hout , )~
an 'offense nor punisl:l~ble by application .of ·the indet~rmmate. · :}{
'death, reclusion ·perpetua, or ..sentence law .or any modifying : Jr
life. imprisonment, ordered by c!rcunistanc~ shall_()e ~ele~se~ on . :;J;j
the' court after~ hearing for tlie. 'reduced.· :ball .,. or · ·on · his,·· o_wn :Ji
. p·urpose, and u):),on favorable· recognlzanc~;at the discernment ·. '.i.~.
recom'meridat1on·of the social· ·of.the co~Jrt: · · · ?f
worker assigned ·10. th:e child
....... ,;
'/fj;'
·;..~
:1.~
. ··,\
Gene..-al Rule: No bail · 5 .. · If the decision of. the trial court ·convicting 'the
. accused _changed ,hf! ·n:ature·of the-offense from
Exc.~"!>Jion·: -When . warrant. ~f. a
arrest .. is issued . for failure . to
. . non-bailable to bailable, the ·application forball.
. ... can only. be· flled" with .a fief resolved by :ttie:
appeacwhen required by the court . appellate court. ; :. . .· ·· . .. · · ·
(RULES. .. :ON· SUMMARY
. A Judg~ presidlnq in. one. branch, has ':ncq>ower to
PROCEDURE, .:Se_c.. 16). :
. grant,~ail to an accused whd"ls-belhq.tried in. another
· branch presided by another judge who is not absent'
· · ·e~ceptioris ·tc,' Relea~e in· Recognizanc.e under . or unavailable; .and his act of releasing· him on bail
.R.A:·N~.-60~~: (FCEvi:.ReCP2j : · · . .· · .. constitutes .ignorance ..of. law.which subjects him to
1" .. W.heri"._hfc, 'i's caught oommlttinq: the offense in( disciplinary sanc!iri_n.,(Bafb.ero v. Dumteo, A.M. No..
Flagr.ante,-.. . . .. .. · ·. ... · .. · MTJ-07-1682,:June 1"9,.·2008) ". · · ·. : ·
to"
2. When ·tie.~bnfes~es' the-cornrnissjorr of the
. offense unless tnecontesslonts later.repudiated ieqri.oN··~ 1f!,..:'r~OTICE :_Qf . . APPLlCAT:ION. TO
by him; ... ·. ; · ,. ·.. .. '. :: . ·_: .. -:· .. -: ·e,ijOSECUTOR . . · .: . . : , <, ·
. 3. ·when he ls found: to. nave, previously §scaped
. from· 'legal conflnemenf, evaded, sentence, or The lOle makes no .distinction whether. bail .ls ~-
.. jumped bail; . . . :" . matter of ·right or.. ·of ,qiscretion. In .all instances,
.,(· · Wh.Ewhe.is found to have.previously Violated r re'asqn~bfe nctleeof h.~pr~ng'is required to be given
.. · the provislons 'Of Sec. 2 h~reof; · . :·, . . j1(;tr to the prosecutor, or at least he must be asked for
5. W.tien he is found to be a.B.gcidil1fatot a habit.O~i0\,. his recommendation {Chin v,.(3ustilo, AM.NoJRfJ-
. 6. delinquent· · ~- · ·. .. . ·. /' 11.>~'-"'t::.1 '94-1243
~°'('"'..' 'j\i;,•,,),\\ ..
August 11 .1995) . ·. . ..
When he.. has. be·err previously Qonvicte~ fo~iar?,;,;/d: · . ·..-. . ;:· · .· . · ·.. : . ·. . · .
I .. . . I~· •• J , , . '
offense .to Which the law or ordinance.att~?J:i~s..:·,;ft'!~'?.~t-n~t1q11:.i-1s nefess~ry bec:3-u,.se th_e b.~~de_n of
ar:i ~qua~ or ·gr.e?lter- penalty or for. t~9..-o/.l'Q10(e",,:1/ .fr=pfo.v.mg}li!'~~-~~ ~v,de_nce.. o~ gu,lt. ,s s_trong__ ,s 9n t~e
offenses to whi~h it attaches a li.9_ti!~J:.penalty; l:t:. fJ . pro.s?~tlon .,_d ~ha~ the d1~cret1on of ~~e: co1.1~ ·in
· ·· 7 .· When he c~r:im1tsthe 9ff~nse w.h,l~-9n,~'.3role~"..."!E.~.f- ~dm1tting ~,~;fl~fu_se~to ~a,! cai:i on_ly_ ~ exercised
under~co_nd1t1onal·pardon; ar-1p ;-" r"(;~i-i-J'. .r: . }, after the .Ji~c~j fl~s .b.l:!e!l hear_d_regarding the -n~ture
8, When the accused _ha~-<,:Jff.evi~u.~tx._-:;;_;J>een. r~, ll
(}f the;~v},~en.s;e h1s.p.oss~ss1on _(P.ee>ple v. f:a!Ja,
~ard_~ned by- th~ _munipWat.~~r_c\W,}na};or for\ .
violation of mumc1paf or\ §~y .9E.(!tRance. fqr: al
t:l ·
,. ~ . ·
~~-!:?-. ~01,~-1c,.~~:?··(\pn1_2_1•. 19sa1:-_ .·. : , ... ·· .· _· ·
--l~... ,,J...;.-~;-l,...., · ·• · · . . . · ·. · : . ·: i·.
..
least.t..vo times.(R.A..No: 6fi36;_..
.· · . .-
s_~c::tP ·
· · . . ~>, l'')l:;'.:~
''¥_\· : t_;_;f No~e~:·t:;t!-~W!l':,\ti;?/:'.f!rrest_w,tho.~t r_ecom,~endabon.
<F.-··,<j ~:. ...f~~ ·ball_.rs· a.l:(lOlat1_01Jof th~. const1tt,1,t!onal-r.,g~t of th_e ·
I
,j.
SECTON 1_.7.. BAIL, W!-fERE :FILE~(-..,:;,,'··\}.. · f .}·ii : accus.~d to- b~!I u1i"less_the a:~.~used·is charg~d wit~
. . . : . . ,. ...,. r• -/·:·I · -. · . }-i,-..-oi:t7n.ses-pum~hable byreplus1dnperpetua or·higher
1. May be filed with , th_e· court wher~\t_!!ted~se is :.._,,)._t'?)i'jigi-,the __eyidence of guilt is ..strong· (San Miguel v.
. pen?ing, or in. ~tie a~sence or u~i,~J{aila~W~Y;of..,,:;,J.•.:f.t!.~JaaeedaJZ.wfM:No. ~TJ;03"-1749,:ApriJ-4;·2007;. .- ·
~e J_udge ~her~of,,.w1t~· any .RTC ~Y.9$~e,io/"8f!Y, . . . - ·. · · ·. · .'.' · ' : · .- · ··
mfer~o; C?urt JUqge !'"!'.. _the -provmee~;:.clty,·or. .. . SECTIO_~. ~9: RELl;,ASE 0N J:IAIL .· , ,·., .·
munic1pahty; · . . · . . . · · .,. ' ·· · ·.. ; . ·0•
.. . .. ; ~oce tne acc~s.ei:f:"hasbe~~...~dmitt~a t~ b~il: h~ is
. DElspit~ the fi)(ng-~f_a noflc~_~(~pP.~·aJ)hn~tstill, enti~led ·tcf .immedi;:ite release· from cuJ;tody. An
be ftlec;:l qefore the tri~.I cou(t,. pi:oitide<Ht.hasnot. .officer who ·fails or· refuses· to· release ·him from·
transmitlec:,l the ofi'ginal record fo the "ap"pellate.. ,detentiqh.,notwithst?1f)!;lingthe·appr~vat.bythe proper
court (ROG, Rule 114, $ec.. q). · ... · . .. ·· .. court of.hrs bail·bond-ro~y bi3 held liable under ~rtic!El.·
-. ··· · 175: of t~~.J~e_viSea .P.e,n~I. Co.~e··1or~del~yjng releas.e.
2 .. lf'the_.a~cused is ·arrested iria province,.·6ity°'o;·-: ·.. .(PAMI\RAN,_supia,'at324).". -: : .
mi:ln'icipallty .ot11er:· tfian··,·where. the cas.Ei'.'is··. · . . · "..- , .·. . ... · ·, . : . , . . .. ·
pending;. bail may-also be .filed with any RTC "of · Wh_ere baU rs filed,1n court 0th.er than Where the case
'the said place, -o"r ifno jyqge thereof is al(a1fabl~. . i~ pen.di11g., .the. jlidg'e,· wh<:> apcep(1qd~the bail. shall
with any inferior courtjudge therei~; · '. .. forwa.rd it l9geti:,er..with the· order "ci.t releilse ·and
3. Whenever the -grant :of bail ·is· a matter of othe._r sLipporting·papers;.to th.e court.w1'1~rethe.case
discretiol); or the accused seeks: fo_· be rele~!;eq is_ pending. ·.(RQC, Rule 114, $er;._ "j_!J;par:.(2)).. .
on -recognizance, the application" may be"'filed . .. .. ·' . . . '. . .. ,.. . ; ' .
. only. in 'the particular court "where. the: case is SECTIC>N 20: . INCREASE . OR REDUCTION:: Of .
pending,.· -whettier on .
trial · or appeal (As: BAii,... . . . . .
amended·by,A.M. 05-8-2f?-$C),s· ·· · .. When the. ~mount of"baii is· increas;d, th~· i:lcc~sed
4'., Any person-in custody who is· not yet charged .in ·. may be cqmniil_teclto custpdy}f_he does-~ot give baii"· ..
court may apply for bail with .any court -in the
provi_nce; .city or municipality where .he is held;
·a
in the _increased amount within reas'onable perlbd..
An·accased released _without bail upon filinQ of-the
b: . .f;xplam why_the accuseff did nof~pP..e~r.befo~e /(~ : .·. G•. jxe_cut,\~e!j>fjl'l~gm,e_~tof conv,ct1qn. ·· :4'
the _cou·rt when :first req~trlra'-Jo'~o so .. · · ·, ti:. . · - ... =· 1 ·: · ·. \\' I} · 1\ ' · · ' - · · · ·"
·~J'
. .. · . . . · . · , ·. -t
Failing_ in \liese: requisites, lo~~.:..;-L
shall be·ren,~eretj againstlli.~1,d~§me~iAtly·and~f~~-
, :'.· .,
~t"" c:lt~t.9= :r1is is witt1'1:l:dt1>r~judJceto.any_1iability-on the -..~.
l\,:='~.J ~ · '. . . .. . . . -.
QJd~r ·of conr~catib'lif;·.l 'i. : ~f;ll.· J -- . ·
· . _, ,.(~
'·
· W · .--:] f1· . ·. _-:. · .,. - •
W
·.,;,f,;
..
\~}-,it)l · \~~~.
st:verally, for t/1~ amoun~ of
.
· ~-~-E&!J~qr~,~~~f ~:
"'r
-1 . '(5,~ ~ mi. J.-,r~~Y4f( I .'{r · · . -: - . ~
\, ,IJ,.
(j_,; :°"~C~SEP · OUT .ON:_.·
·. Court m~y· ~iti9.ate the liabjl1\y cif.. ti~q,dsm~lKlh#I~· I '--~~~,. · ·. l · /r · . · · : · · :. . · . ·. '.j
· · ·.1:1~cLJsed·nas·been-~urrender~~r·is.ac'l;)u)tt~"-.:~.~~t~9 s. 9Y -Wh!9h ,Sljreties · May Relieve·~~
._. : • ·• • • • • • · • • • • • • .'\. : •• •• -~ ~-?'O~~tllJ~ely,e's .fr~~}l~sponsi_bilities:tA~IF) · . -~
1
Note: The 3_0-day:·period gr.ante&_t9theb.ohd~m·er-J:.~~y:;EfstJ~~ P~ 9ipa.l and deliver h1rn to-t_he proper .·.J;,ll
• to c?mply w1!~ the two requisites _forl~_£~~-o.fll'i~,,_...,""',.;:,-;,,;~t~or[~es-;,· , .. · · ·· . · . · . . · 'j
~rder of_forf~1t~r~ ~noot.be .sh6rte11ed·b.~th-<e!clurt''- 1 J.f\.. ,W\t"!P,. .a_c~~se his ar~~.st to _be r~1ade by any· j
lV
l::iut . may· be extended for gbOd cau~e-~.tis.~n ii./. ~l-~_9JJ~~ .~ffice_r.or ot11er peFSonof su1ta1:>.ie ag~: .or · .3
(Reliance Sµr:ety & . ·lnsuranc~ Co .. ·,inc .. · v.,
·Hoif..._~,.,_,,,.-""°'.':d'i:11scret100;or· . . : , . . . ' · . . . ~!
Af1!ante,' G':R.:No. 1609~4;-Ju_ne 30, 2005). : · . 3. . .BY ;EPclors.ing. the : al!lhority -):> arrest \Jpon . iir · ('.j
. .. · . ... . , . . .9er:u.fied,_c;:opy.?f~he ~n.d~rtaking ~nd .delivering. -~
.Judgmen(against the bondsmen.ca-nnot be·ente~ed ·. · ; tt to such.officeq~~PE}rion. . ... · · .· .. ~
·uriless _such -judgm~nt.is prec¢ded t:w· the ·or.der:of. : .... · . : .. . . :: . ·. . ..... . ··· .. -~
fC>rfeitµr~ an,d·.an opporti..mitygiV:en·to thef'bo.ndsmen An ac_c1,1.sed r.ele~sed· oo· bail ··mc,iy- be re-arrested . ]
to produc~ ·.the ac;:cuse.d =or, t9. a~duce s-.?1tfsfac.tory wi.thout.a war.rant. if..he attempts to depart from:t1,e ·. ·_.j
· ·reaso_n fo~·their ina~iiity to dc(s_o (Id.):· : :Philippines. withou.t'_prl?r pe.rinisiion:· of . t~e, _cou~··.-.
where the.c<;1se is pend mg·. . · . · · ... : ·
J
_ :'7l
. . . . . . .· .· . . ... . ·: . '.·. . . . . :~~
An_ ~r~er :~f fo1~·1t~re fs·.-inter~oqkltory ;arid merely
· re_quire!? _appellant. to.-'show.. _cause why.-judgment HQLD DEPJ.\RT~RE?RDE_~·-. _.. . _- _· : .. °j
, .I ,. : .. , .. ·. . . . .. . ;,
should not be·reridered ·against lt fol' U,e amount of
. the bond:" Such order is ~iffere.n~fro111. a .Judgmen·t .. 01J.IY.C9ui:ts·~f.Ju~tice ~ay issu.e ..HD<:i~·a11d N,OT. · :.~}
·. on.the bo11d .wriic.h is 1ssued iflhe c!·ccused v,r;,1s ncit Dep~rt.mel)t of Justice . . .. .· :J
proc;Ju~~d:wfthi_ntt-ie·30-day·p~riod . .Ttie judgmen't pn · f.n HOO may be issued.·only by·the .Regional Trial j
Courts. in" ·crimihal . cases.· within thefr. exdusive ... ?
. the. bo"r!_d is the ·one ·that ·ultimately. determines 'the··
li~billtf ..or the surety,. and wh_ei:i··It becomes' fin.al, -jurisdiction (OC~ Cir:c. No. 39-Mf
. . .
· .
' .
· . ~J
%
e~ecutlon 111ay issue. at orice (Mendoza. -v. Alanna, <•
G.R. No: 151970, May· 7,. 2008). .
. .~) .
BAR OPERATIONS
'
Equ)j)oJs·e-R~I~·- . : . . . .. ·_ ./l/fj}··.
But multiple cases; the cou·it, upor:i· personal in
When .the e~ident:::ef!=lr th1ipros.ecuti?n.and.def1.61{tt,,fA;··.examin'ati?r(o.fthe: a,c¢use.dr--m~y·a_lLo\'fa. w~i\i~r·of
a_r~ · e"".'.t:?nly-· l:>alan~ed,:- the. ;;ipprecra.tion:: ~~: l;!UG~1;J,{~·:{ the ~eadm~- ·of th_e· lnforIT.)atJon, _upon the full
evidence calls for tilting oJ the scales m favor of)lh,~..,,-:'~(:'C--~~-<!1:,_r$~an~_\f:l9and.express consent oftneaccused
. accused. -~~not v.·-~rl/a, G.R. Np, 219525;,fo!J9U~\:1'-~:.~/at@..;~~-h1~1:t.1~r.,.{ _cpu~sel (A.M.. · N_o. 15-06-10-SC!
6, 2018).
•
. ..
•
. . .. . .- : .. .,,~,::Y.J/ .
s , • • •
,•
<i .,,,... • . )< •
tl'
Su~/ieaetm9:!llt item no. __ 8) . · .
. ,.J
. . :'· .. .: .
. . -}1(u . , . .- . ,. . .
Vali~i~y of S_tatutes · Pro.Y.i~iryg_fol' '~f~~.tfmptio~;::-t_\_ - -~urpose: Jiblfi~i(fy the def~ndciht ofthe crimin~I ac~s · .
. of Guilt_.·· · ': -· ·. · · .': -,.. :.itiJ'·. Jf~:.:~:)' .:-_ !t
Imputed sP ~frnt~o that h_e ~n. duly prepare his
It .1~. ,well-settled . that there . L~;.no . co~1stltotlon~I t)
d_efense jnd r,·n~~. an appropn~~e,plea (People v. ·
· objection·:to, ti:,e,p~s.sc:!ge, ~f ~1;'~~_,prbv!9.jp,~!hat;the~: 1~:~·t. Dim~~~;~~§:'N_.?~8.16~;Se!Jlembe.r.-1·4,2005) ..
presumption. of- mnocenq~ .lTI~Yt-be»oy~~t??f)1elil~~ :~,"~ · . :,:,.,:.,: ... ; ..., ,i:i.%,;.:;;;.· . ·. .. ,·. : . ·· .. ·. . · ·.
. coritrary reasonablei pre$umptib~Jou~~d!~po.n-»tieJ- · tttj 'Means'·of.in~Q,B!lln~g _the Accuse-~-of the Charge:
. experience of ·human: conduct, a'q'a·~Aa~ct1r,ig··wh~C . · 1:?f . (PS.A,-Bip) , · . · , . · '. · . ·
. _evidence ..: ·shall, ·__be' sufficfent. to ...~~~~: sue~ . ~:/-,--:rn1~~.e.r~li~imfry.inye~tigali9_n; .
pre:>u!Tipt1on or 1.n~ocence, . · . ·: · ~ •. ,;fe/. . ;·
.,..,....,.;;:,j_'.~;'. :4;'1'.'.R.~,!}P~':1~nt , of .. ·_ .§~ff1c1en_t · ·altegc:itions iri
. ·· . · · , .· . . . _. ·. · .. ~:r: .. . . ,,-<(·":'c--•,._.__""-'>,ll>I_Fifom1ationor·9omplamt;· :·. · .
.· 'T.he legislature may enac\ that when\(ertair:{J(~ts . 3; . Arraignment; · · .. ·
. have . b~~t{ :p-roveri, . t_he"y . shall ·. be· P@J.i-&tacie 4. 'Bill 9f particulars;:and .
eyidence of the ..e~istence of th¢ :guilt·ci(the'a~cus~d '5.. Rules againsrQuplicity·ofoffense ....
and shift 1he .burden .. of, pro'ot ._p,9videctthere be· ·
ration"a(:connection b"etween Jhe facts prov.ed· and'" Ge'neral ·Rule:- Ari ·accused 'Caonot be ~~nYicted ~f :. '
the ultimate·fact-preS\Jl'.l'IEid·S() that the ii1fe:rence Of .an'· offense ... _.uniess it. is . dearly. charg-Eld in "(he,
the O!le from prciof of·tne.oth~is is·not unre.ason.able Complaint ·-or :lriformatio·n:. To convict him::of.·an
· and arbittarybecause-'ofla_ck Qf 9onnectioo:betwe.en qffense other than that-charged iri'the-Complaint or
the-.two· in ctimm9nC:experience (.Ti~y: _"Videogram Informationwould be·.a violaUon o(this:constitutional
Regulatory-·B.oarcl;. G,R.· No. -L~7{)697, June· 1a,: · right (People v. _Ortega;, G.R. No: 1167$6, July 24;_
>t.987):- -:. ' ' . . .. . ·: 19.9/). . . . : . . . . .. : '
Right to Couns.el.durir,ig Arraign.mtint and Trial ·-N~t~·:_. ·Roadsid~ questio~i~g of ~otorist de~ained a
.Ge!1eral·Rule:'The right to counsel is lmrnutabfe-and .. pursuant to' a routine :traffic .stop, questioninq does .
·. m!;lY· be. i[lV0ked ·at ·all. tlrnes ev_e_n on appeal. (Tela_n . not fall under custodial: interroqatiori.vnor dm it ·be·
v: CA, G.R. No.. 99026, October 4, 1991). . considered a formal arrest, by.victue:of-.the natu:r~.of .
·. : , .. .. .· . . ,:. . . . . -( . ..., the.quesjiorunp, the expectatlons ·of the motoristand ...
Even the· most intelllgent or.educated man may have· the officer. 'and the length .otnme -the. procedurefs: · · ·
· no skill in the sci.erite of law: particutartyin the rules. . conducted, ·· ·since the 'mctorlst therein was cin.ly. ··
·. o( procedure,· and, without .counset; he· may. be · subjected to rncdest__ .questlons wh_ile .still. a'f;. the. ·
convlcted. notbecausehe.Is guilty· but because· he · scenaof the traffic stop, he was.not at that moment:
'does· not know how to ·establi_s.h hisJnnocence. And "placed under, :e:ustody (such · that ..h~ sh~llld have .:
this, car happen, more easily to· persons · who. are . beenapprised of his Miranda rights)·, and neither can
·Jgnor.an"t or uneducated {People v:-1-Joigadd, .G.R: - ·. treatrnentofthls sortbefalrty characterized as the
No. L-2[}09, ivt.arcti,22,·:1950). : · · .· ... ~:. · · . · : · ·.:functional equivalent. of a formalarrest, ·: · . · . , · .,
· · Eix~,~~tipn: Appell~~t.'c~o·~~ to ;be :r~pre~.e~-t~d· i~ · . · a: : --'fHi·~· ~~iir;ig: d~·~s-~ot lm_i:>ly tlia·t~~re -~~n.be ;.;~. i/~~~t.
. this case by~ prominent ·and. eornpetent-member (?f · .. - .... for. a, ·tr~~c· v\olati:On,: C~rt~ifllY, ~~~n ther!=:}s_:an·
· the Bar, namely. himse,lf, even :if. thei:e were .other .. ·.. ln_t,e.n~?ri thE:- part oLthe ..P~l!ce .offlGf:lr·{C;1,d1:Jpn_ve the
· i:!Vailable counsel. Desp.ite admori!tions: of "the. Jrial . · · . . motonsf of-h.b.ei:ty,c;ir· to take the_ latter into c1Jstody;..
court, he. persisted· in--his decisio"n. to tty, hi:i ·awl): ... tl:l~:.'f!)cm,er:may l;>.e. deemed·. to ha-.:e :ari'~st~d).h.e:,
. case. Appall_ant:·is:riow eslopp~d. frqm cls:1ll'f!in.9:ihat_,.Pi · ·_mo!pri~t.!~ t!1is_cas:e,,.howe~er,the ?.fffcer'~ iss\.1ar:,.ce
. the t_rial cou~.violateq ~i_s_right to·-be ·reptes:E!nt~d;;pfy.}f. _(or 1!1.t~~tt~.}s.sue)~..traffi~ c1tatlon ~rc.~et_n~g_a~esthe·
. counsel of his own chorce. Note that he alsQ ~n:r~~~;qyff!t\ _-pp~s1q1hty_ .of an cirrest.f<;>r.th~.san;ie _v1o)atJo.n (L.11_z-v•.
aside· the ·,c;our-t's ·offer _of. a_'ssis.t3,mce by_ 'anqw~r;·;;,//~,,· P.fJOP_I~; G.f.?:.. Nq .. 1977~8,_t.ebru;gy?9,: 2()12)_; ·
co.unsel; a. PAO lawyer. H!E! declare<:H.her-ewa~,i110· ,, 1 .t}~L~ <. . · . : - · · .. · ,, · · · . .. . ·· - . · .,__,. _. · .
·need tl:lerefo'r.. ·.(P_edpte· v.··:S.esbre{ld, · G;'};f·fi/ti;:, ,q~:.-.:.~f:::::'.:!?Jl!,!~\~e Ass1st~d ~Y Coun_s_el,at-AII~l~es
121764;"September 9, -1999) .. ,·• · ·., ,.,....rr~, ·. · .. ~ .1 : Walve?ot'th~rightto 'counsei rriust be rn'ade with
. . /. ,7 ,, J, .. . "ll'~ ., . . .. .
. w··h.l th :,,:, ht t :b · ·. · t1·:fb,1 · .=; · ~;;:...~ the assistan~\ of coui1ser (CONST:, Art. Ill, .sec.
NQ._e: t _1 e e ng . 0. ep?wesen y~:;.,r~coup~,~ Jr.. ' 12 ···a,: (11f'1 -~· . ·. . ' . . ...
. !~· always de~~ndable,'the ~ght-to.~~~~tisJJ1~·,paf!~ · fj' _- .! ~ .. f · ~ ;\ ._-. · · . ._._. · · ··. · .
f
,~.. howe11er1 _not (P_eopTe_ v. ~o. r.;:l/3~fl?. N.?Q. Ji\ Sp-~ci~c~ily;ip, the~o1.1_0Wi,ng. i~st~nces: . .. .
1184~5,.June 20, .19~7.). . . A'Q,~ . : ;(:;~,..,_ , : ,. ·: '} -i')} 1. - Srgn1ng· ofthe written.custodial·r'eport· arrd . ·
~ . . hi >. . ~ -r\1~ . ~·-· r. ~ ·-r ·''f.-..:- -i'.~~rO"t"""""" . . I .
-~. . .· . . :· . •, \;I[' ....-:,.-'-' _,!J"1.i:- '-!;~.'.\. . .~.•,,.· ..2: S1gnfn{t6JJb.e.-w!jtten extra-judicial-confes~ion..
. C.onsequence of D~nliil of,Rlgl\f·tQ.;.e..o~,l;l,s,.el · ¢.J _f:t• .. · ·· :--,..U'.;'.::;~: · ·.. ·· ·,, · ·. · ·.
.·~ccus_ed.was depriv~d of his rig~tlp.i.q6u~E.;,l..whEpi' l[J . · · · Requisites fort~-~ Va.lidity ofan Extr.;:1judicfal·
· nf:' retained.· the. services , ~f a~ ,l?~rsq~ . wti~ ·. t1J~':"~::nConfe;;sion; . ·,: ·. · : · ·...
m1s~epresent9<:! himself .as a . la_wyen"l;\~Jr.rE!I was ,..,i,:!.,.t-f·7-:.,i~,;ir-df ~halt be m writing; _.:, ·.. , , ,·, · ..
order~d o~ the ·gro1.,1r.id of.deniaf.of cqri(~Jµuon~!·n~nt.:;:,..-::.'..0:-~~-b:'.ilsf§'r-ie~·by the·.person. arre~ted, aetajned .or
. to counsel (Sps. Te/an v. · c~. ,G:R{\i~!'.· _&,5Q2.~, · . · ,.l>l~dercu'stodi_alJnve~tiga!ion;:a,n:d · ·· .
.. October~; 1991).· : . · :'~~.!):. ·, · . :·_q .. I~ rnust ~e .. s1~ned m.the _pr(;l~ence· of .hrs
·· · · - · · , ~· ·.. , · - · .... · ."·... coi,tn~_el, or in -the latter's. ~bsence,. UJ>Ofl' a_
. Rights . of a Perso11: under ci;,stodi~I.· ·: ·Valid waiver;- which· mµst".be si9ned in the
ln.ve~tigat.ion:· . :· '•: .·:. . .. : .·. . ,' . ··.. '. ·.·. ."P.resenc¢ 'of . any. of; ·the . p.immts; ·-:elder
1. Right"to·Be. Assisted- by Counsel at All Timesi · .· .· brothers·: ·.anq. sisters;. his· spouse; the.
. 2, Rightfo Remain Silentt ..... · ., . . . . · mµnicipat:. mayor,· :.the muri{cip.al · jupge:,
3. Rjghrto Be ·1nformf:i.d, l.n a Lang_uc'.!Qe l:<nowri to ,_:. :. di.strict _-school. supervisor, or pr1est. :or:.
ahd Understqod bY. HirQ; ol His.Rights.to Remain · -mir}i"ster ,of :the.. goi:ipel as. ~f\oseil by. hJm
Silent and to·.Have. Competent:a.Ad. lndepehden.t :. (People .v. Gallardo, GR No: . 113684 .
.: Cour:i~el, Prefer-a.bly'ofHis Qwn:C~ciice;. · . ·. · .. ': ·. ~anu~iry·25, 2q,oo~.
-~'. 'Right to.:Be·Allowed Visits -~y·~-~~onfer.e1J,ces: .·. 3. $.lgning ofUie :Waiver to the p~ovi~io~s·of Artfcie.·
. Custodial l!lV!i!.sUgation·is. the tjue~tioni~g by:.law. 12!?. of the Revised' -P~nal· Code, in· case of .a
. enforc.ememt officers-of.a suspec_t~aketi.intocusto.d.y· ·1~~01:w~·rrantl.ess..arrest (ROC,.·Rale 11°2, Sec.
or o~he.iwise..deprlved of hi~ fr~edofl'.Iof ac\lon· in a ~J.". · · '
significant way. It Includes the practice.of iss.t.iing an Assistirrg_couns_·ef r:r1ay be an.y'..lawyer, exc.ept tnose: ..
"invitati'oh" to a pE;)r.S(>n · wlio is investigated in.
connection with an ~ffense ·he is. suspedei;i-to· nave. 1· Dlreptly a.ffected by ihe. cas~; ·. · . ·· ...
c.on,mitted (R.A. li/o. 7438, St;Jc. 2). · · 2, CJ'la~ged with ·. 9orducting . pre_linilnary
investig_atlon;an~ . . ·' : · .
3.' Charged with .the prosecu.tion· of primes,.(R.A.
No. 74~8., Sec:·.3).. · · . · .. .· . ·.
.
B·.· · Right'_t~·.Rem_ain ~ll~n~ · or ~hilct, · brother or sister, .. grandpa~ent or. · }!,
:- .. g~ndchild, uncle· oraunt, .n.eph~.w or i:irece: :.. ,;:;:
C. To Be.lnftirm~d, in a Language t<npw.n to ·a11ci. · · · and. guar~ian' or-v.i~rd}; . ·. · · ... ·. '. · . ·j
:·Uncierstood·by Hlrn, of His Right.s to Remal!'l·· - 2. Any Medical doctor .. or er1~st· or religious .... ~1·
·.··Silent ···and to' Have. Competent. and.· mlnlster.i chosen.by'hlrn or by any member
... ·lndependent'Counsel,.Preferably of His·Own . . of his tmmediatefarnny or. bi nlscounsetr or
. - .. · CholC?e,. ~ho Shall al-Alf Time~ Be Allowed to 3. ·ArJY nationai :NGO :duly· accredited' by the
. · Confer Privately· with· the. Person. Arrested, Commission. on Ht(roari ·Rights·,or· by any
be.:taln.edorUnder Custodi~I inv!?stig·a~ion·.-, · · Internatlonat NGO duly': accredited-by the
·· · ' · ·· · .. Office··of.the President- (R.A:'. Nci, -7438, ·Sec: -: .'f:
.. Th~ ass,isting. ·lawyer>:by ·.his: failure .:,to .. lnform . . . 2, par. (f)); . · ·· ·· ', 'd
. appellant of the latter's .right to remain sllent.' by his · . . . ,· . · .. · -,' .. . - . . .· . . . . . - i:}
· "comirig_ ·an~:!: . goi_ng•; '. dt,.i.ring ·· the· ·.custbdi,al .. Consequences of \fiola.tlon of Custodial Rights _;. "/
.. investi!;Jation, andJ:lY his abrupt departure before.the · Ariy arresting public offi~t. or _employ~e. or any ·. :fw.
• term inati.ofr pf the-proceedinqs, can hardty 'be · the . · i~vesti~atrr;ig· 6!fice~, sti~II :>uff~r·:~·Jllfo··ofJ:>~.. 090,09. · -:,f_
· counsel .tha·t the framers 'of the 1981. Constitj:J'tioh ora penalty of rmpnsonment of not-less than .8·years : . f
conte'mplated ·when . it .··~dded. ·-:!he'· modifier·~. . . but.:not· mciri;l.°than··ten (fO) -years; or.· b.oth. ·Tlie.'· 1!f'j
"comp~tehf · ti:> the· Word·· ."counselt Thus, ''the. · investigating ·officer ·.who-·,hM been •.pce:vio~sly ; ·::ft,°
st~ten:ie:nrsi~n-edbY. the acc_us~d_is .still ..inadrpis_el}?.~: ·--&.i~Gtedo_f <!_similar offen_se·s~~ll:s~ffer: _the·. penalty. J?t,
. ~ecause the li;lwyer should .:issrst his che~_:!-t~fil--the 1 T :Rf .perru:tual ab.solute : _d1squ<;1lifi~ation. (R.A. · No'. . J·
..tim~e..the confessant answers the.first_qy,~tio.n.}t~k~_d··q__) ·.J!.1,~B,l3e~J.:: ·, · · ·. · . · . . -·. . · ~ .'· ·· t'f--
bY.. tt:ie. \nv~stig'ati[lg officer ·until tho/Si9p~ ,6fJ!}Jh=--=-=-~-.j( · .J ..>~ · · : · ·. · ' , ·. · · · :. ·. . _;f.
extrajudicial confessj9r:i (People V/'fl.Oria~,R:'W.o. . . Ob_Slr'1ptlo!1,1,~e-.:'{erttion '6r·Prol!lbltlon· o.f ·~ight ]t,
1~8._17.7,A'l{g[!st 15; 2001).. · ;). -~J/./--;""""~·:-1rr:-to•V:i$)J~~£~nf,r.~nces· . ··... : .· ·.:·._: .. J
·
A per~on; under.. rnvestrgat\of ha$)9)e ng,ht to Ile 1~
r.
. . . . .' ·. · . · ·. -}1.£,_)-,.,.. j' . JI · :1fl) c4 -f>,PY.per/?orf:g"\Jlt~.Jh'~reofshall .su~ert!1e peRalty of
.Jmpnson)'nenr~of not'lt:lss th.an -fou.r .(4): years. nor .::t.
-.:i
2,l~
a!ded by a. co4n~el ' .pre.fera.,,8}.Y.,_~r ch_ojce~.·. The~~t'\1-·,. m?re ,!11~.r _si_x(~-~~sJin.da fipe.,of P4,000.0.0 (R:A. 3:'
· word kpreferably" does~r:t?t Cffe~~~f:ie mesfa9f.{.~t · ~ .•. _07771-~ _Sec. 1)Z,; "4 \\ · · -: , ' . -' . ,~%·
. :the ch_olce. is ~xclt1sive s~ tas-ti:$ preclu~e c>'t~'¢~~ :ra; ~':W¥ j .. ·. . Ji 'f"':'.. "jl !. . . . ~ - , ·. . . :, ~..
. equ~lly· comµ~lent ...anc.L ~neypet,denl. .. etlorne~~:;1~.,.,jl'ilo~e.:.·,J'he co1.1$llk1LJ~t~al prov1s1on · un. ·CW1lbd1t;!I j,
handll~~ tbe· ~s~1 ?l~ei~ektP.~·:rfri}~t :<>f a ;;.b::.;jn~~!!s'i!Qi'!»,,
cu!)tod1a! i_~·west1gat1on vvrl~ !:>~ ~~}e~x~,n tq~~~ o~~--r ~_.,,-ifafor.Jl'~flU;~ot
~o/.:~. ~~~ apply. t~. ·. a· . sp?ritaneous ..
J;~h01t~.iilg~hro1:1~~_quest,onr~g- by _the .. :~
:i
. an acc~sed py stubbornrv.m.s~'tiAgto}?er.et,5.i:e~~~e_d~· $@~~~~i?but;fJ1verfl~ja~ or<lrn_a~y_manner ,whereb~ . :~
· by ~ ,lawyer· wJ:19; fQr. o~e r~a~on or '!loth'!:11-01.~qt.ai .'''t6~~ast5ect.tflraUy_5',drrnts · 't\'~'lrng·. comn:irt:!~.d __ thE: ... ;,
.. ··avarlab1~ to pr.oteqt hrs ,_rrtere~t~_(Peopi~.B~~- 1s1ii'a;, . ,/~~e:Yi~. cw,~s. J'10t ~.lso apply}o an a_d~.is~,~ or . ·;l
,~s .:\
· G.R. No. 109993, 'Jan~ary21, 1'994) . .' :·ii;.~ SC'JEN17i~~'s~n·m.ad~befor.e · he l;i p)aced · uoder ./.
·.. : · ··. ·· :. ·. _ ·. · "-' .. · _'y' .,;,--;:::..~ ,· .....:-:in!.~Ni~Jlti~Q..(f',?PPle-v •. Baloloy, ·G.:'R:_No .. 140740, ... :#-:
It ,s _se.ttled.lhat:the_ srgn_at~re: o~ ~~..,_~cP~.d)~r:j~'='....:::=ff!{!!J~V9P/Jf' : .. .: .· .;:·· · ,.. : · ..: · ;:1ii
recetpt-of'proP.erty·se\Zed IS mad_(TIISStb)~li.\._eVJ.deflce. 1Xj /f 'to-:'/ . . · . . .. . .' · . : . ;\ : : : :· ' ,.
. · if it was obtalned.without the assist~~c~ 6f,':eo~§et .\ i..·-.Off!9dEfd, Party cannot waive . assistan.<;~ · of - -3
di.idn.g .:custoaial ·jnves.tigation. (Peqple v:··:Endaya;-=--.c=·="'counsel .·. ·: · . · . · · .. : '.. ·. · ~- . · ···: . 1,
'G.R N,o., 205741, Jiify23; ?_014f . : .. . · ·.. . · .. : '. ·. R~~son:. 1J1.e offetrded..party. car:i oply.·i.nterve'r1_~,in.. ~~ .
., · . the cilse if."by.·coutrsel" (RUG, Rule 'HO,·Sec.:16),' .;~
Nqte:.. l'fre. right to .counsel and.th~ 'righ_t. to remain lfthe ~erson·.cannot aff.o.n'l the· se.Mce~ ot'cou'nsel,, ·. >'A~i
sflerit'·· .do not. ·c;~as~· . ,aven':'.aft~r.· a·. criminal he mu~t be providect..with-one (f'eo'ple v.·Serzo;.Jr.; .::.~
Comi>laint/lnfortnation .··.ha\,· · -already" heen . filed .G.R. No: '11'843_5; June 20;' 1.997), ; . -: . · :. l
. agai.nsMh~ accu_s~d, .as loag. a.s he is still-in cu·s~o~y : ·. .. . ·.. · · ·· . · .: · · · ·.f
(Peqple v. 'M.riqu'ed.a,· G.R. No. 11-2983, ·March· 22,· ·v. ·· Right··to:.Testify ·as ,witnes~· in 'tils Own.·· :~1·
.19.~5). ··. · · · ' · ·sehalf · ..· :· ·,. · .. · · · .·. · · ... ·. M
· - The duty. of th(f coli~ t~··app6int-a,-counsel ·ds ·officio
- when the· accused-.has."no··rega,I 8ounsei of ·cljoice
This· is a waiv.abi~.·~igh~: A. d.enial bf. the defend~r;it's.
'rigj,t to_ testify. i~ his_ !le.~alf: w~~.lld c.<;>nstltute· a!1 , 1·
·~i
an(! O(;?Sires-~o .(;lmploy t.he Ser.vices ofone becomes unjustifiable_violation, ~f his constituth;>nal'.right.. , <,~
: mandatory· frorri the, time· of arraignment .onwards .' : · - · · ,, ·,
(RQC, Rule 1'16, se·c.·6f . ~-. : ·. : . Am~ri~n Rule -
lf_th.e.·accused teistifie;; h~· may'l?e
. cross-examined but only on 'matters covered .by his
. i:>. T.q_. ·~.e Allowe.d Visits · by, or· ;Conf~rences direct examinati9n (R,9C,Rula n 5,. Seo. t -iJ~(, ('d)).
With: . .'·
1, . Any· me·mber ·of his. im!flediate Family (i:e.,
his or tier· spouse; flance of flancee.,. parent
·. l;ngiish Rule· ~ ln>ci;,ntrast to. an·:· accused, an Questions on pastcnmlnat lf~bility for which he may
ordinary witness can· be-cross-examined as to any . ·still be prosecuted are.. coveredby the right against
matter stated 'in the 'direct.examtnallonor connected self-lncrimlnatlon. If.- he cannot . · be ·pro.se·cuted· .
therewith (ROG, Rule ·132,.Sec.'6). · · · · therefor,_he may not invoke such rig_~t.(Pf.\M~R,4N;
s11pra f1f359). · ·.. · ·· · ': .. · · · ·_- · · · . ·
to
Faih,1r~ ofthe .accused, testify is·. not taken against
him· but.'failure to· produce- evidence, other than _his .. N<>fe: .. T.h!3 . ~ig!)t : Is . applicable· to" . one ::who is.
testlo,ony; ln 'his behalf' is consldered-aqainst him competted-toproduce a document, and.one Who ts
(?AMARA~ supra at 360). · ' · · a
cornp·e"ued. to .furnish. SPf=Cl[Tl.en-of hlshandwritinq.
for-'jn' both 'cases, the ·witneS's is required to.rumlsh-
vi." Right .to be Exemp.t'frorri 'Being Compelled evldehce · aga1nst.. hi,mself. (People . it.'. Nfcimdro,. °f..-
. to ti_e-a Witness Aga_inst Himself . ·, .· 5!)378. febiwfcy 11,,,.:1~8.61'_ · ·
This is a waivabte rigtit", 'instance~ NOT .c.~~~...~d i,y' the. Righ~· Again~t
... · · ·., · ·SeJf-lncrif11in~.tio·n: · ·. - ·.. :,, . . .
The right ofthedefendant in a ·crimimil case "to be· .1 · Examiria~ioi.1 -,of., a · rapist .and .th.e._ victim· .for
· exempt from being·· a witness· atJain_st. himself' ',-.gononJ1e.~ Is valid.: (us·v. Tan. :1eng, G.R. No .
. signifies· that he cannot 'be compelled 'to ·testify or. · ·.· ,- 7081;'S~ptefT}qer'.7;_1fJ12); . . . . ....
produce evidence in the criminal case in Which he is . 2. .. Exa111ina\1on.of a Wdrrianfor, preg,n:ancy charge(j
th_e accused! or one ofthe :.accused._ He cannot. pe.,.,/.()i. · · .W.itti'a_dlrlt_9.ry -~~ valid (Villa{lqr/.:summers; _G~R.
compelled to dq so ·eve_n by subpoena or -o_ti;\~f ,/h.· · · No;·16f14,._Sep(ef'(lber8,-'l929): : .. : .
process- qr order.-ci.fthe.Gou rt. He cannot be reql!.ife.cV,~,ii\ · -3.. lJrtdf;lrgo . ultravio)ef ·1ight for examination of
to be a':witness·either for the prosecu_tioh;or foc'/i,'69/,:;., ·/,'..\: · · ·pre~e-nce_ · of . fl~oresceril ·powder.:. clusJed, on ..
_ accu'.sed, :~f-even for hims_eif (PAMAR'AN, SlfJ:>~~t.;:)·:t~:·~j.Jllarl<~4,ii?1bn~Y,- .,useitj_)n.·.:buy-~us_t: ·ap.erati9n
. 364).. . . . .. . . .?'.,, · Lj, • ,. ~---e'l~i:l-~~-9~1.~,_,V"'.Tr:arJp~, G:f?... No_.. 110357, Augus{_ 17,
· · · _: · · . ·· ""'~("' , \:Y 1,1f · 1'991):'-an'~· .. , ·. · - · .· .- . .
· Effect of Ref.us~i of"Acc't...sed to.Te~t:(fy~~-- : .;\,;JJ .
4. DNA ~<Jtd les. obtain·erd fro~ an a~cus~d. in:·a
Gen_eral. Ride:· S!lence ~hol,ild ·not ;p}:~K{dice·t!;{~v''.l\ · . ·_crim~.n~(S~.J\~ill no,t_ yiolat~ Jhe righ_ts- ~gains_t
. ~ccused, (~OC, Rule 115'. ~e~. 1, JJ~b(d)hF"". · ·: _ r; \. .
sc~~19,t:r\if..1p,!10_1J., . This _ p~w1l':gc ._opph?G to
· · , ·. . , .. · :-· · . :: · . .:j,(J,~,,.- · ;t"t:..':'_'- .. c;. --~~- ev1djn~ijthat,·1~ ~com~urncative", 1~ essence
Exception: Unfavorable·1nfer,i(QQE! is dr;'ft~fl i;yhen:·· '"' r::~ tak~f'l.UO,er cr'qrE;iSS. (t-ferreTa _v. Alba; G.R. No.
·1. T~e pros~cutlon_ has cil!S.a<l~=-esgI~;f}she"tat..,.~a p:ri . r~t~(!K{~!I~f~2005J., .. · · · .
· pnma . f~c1e· case,_ the. a~l:y1 ~:d.
;.r.rr,qsh?res-e~)· t1 :
~,~!}:.Jh;,....f.""._ · .. , , ·. · .. · : . . .. _ .
·. p~bofto overturn_the ev1dence\~,rt<;t_:·":·'·1,:\-- · l. · ~·'I
The .,n,rt .. does: inclu,t(_e case~ covered· ·by
2.,_. The ~efense of the accused·1s.~rj, altbl:..in~ ..l'le -~_.,..,1}.r;r.W;1Umtystat1.,1tes.sucti as: · ... ·.. ·,
~oe·s not:testify,·the interference is;ct~~t.the~ib_0k".__;i~1.,~•''.~:~"r-l./o.'1_37!;! -··Forfeitu_re.of 1.ll~g_ally Obtained
IS not bel!evabl~ (P.AMARAN, supf;a,--tat36~kv.......,.,,·r..ll.~;.,,\.!..Wl3altfi)and· . . ·. .
. · · .· . · · / . . :· · . . · .' . ~ ' i . ·. 1 ~h' j/'{f ._.. . 2.. R.A,. N?: 749..- ·snbe.'ry ~n~ ~raft Cas~s,
VII. Ri·gfit Against Self- lncnmmabon\'i,>-,~,,.v · , . . · · · . · · ·· .
. ' . :· . . . . . . . < : .:·. . '. ~-- ... · . "':·,i'"'.;., . . Wh-~re .a~ailable: ·. Not ~niy in priminarbut ~lSo iri
The accu~ed· is, p~Ote~ted ···under this rule from . governmeint -proceedings·, : civil, .··administrative·.
., · qtiesticins· Which J_end :to, iricriminate- Nm, tl:laf Is, . pr-0.ceedi_ngs: wtiere there is . ·.a: . p~naf ·. siir:i~tion .
(wf".!i.ch·may,subjecthim to·penal)iatliJl~y: .. • .. . i_nvolved.: . . . . . .
·scoP,e ~ov,~r~d:!>Y the Right'. ' ; · · · :·: .. :· ·,. · T6e. .fight : .ag~ln~f §elf~iri"crimination · is . ~dt self..: .
The constitutional _guaranty, that no person shall be . executing or. automatically operational. .It: 'must. be
·.compelled'.'. in any ··.criminal ·case: to l;>e .a,' withes!3 c!ajm~.d: l_t .n.o_t_cJ~J!:fi'~d ~y,~r)~. betia.lf_ ~f th~ witr:i~s~,
. agai_ns.t hil'n~elf, is limited .:to· ·a .p.robibition·against - . -the protection does n!)t co_me1nto:p1ay. _I\ follows that
· compulsory testin\Qniaf self-in;crimin_atio.n·: The . the.right may b·e waived; expressly; or iinplfedly,.M:
:corol.lary · _to . the ;proposim:m · - is · ·that.; an, -ocular .. by a foilure·.to·claim.it at·the appropriate time (People
inspection cif the body of th!,3·accused is permissible v. Ayson, G.R. No. 85215, Juiy-·7, f989J> · . . ..
. ' ...
(Vill~flor·v, Summers,'GR. No, 1844_4, -September 8,
1920). :TJ'le · prcivfso is that. torture -or 'fqrce shall ,be N~te£°Ttie. right ~!:!Y. '-~
w~ived tiy the failure qf ih·e
·.avoided.· · accused to invoke the privilege at-the -prop_er time,
that is, _after'1h_e incriminating' question)~.- asked. ai')d
before his· answet . . .
. -2019
.. SAN BEDA
. LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR
... OPERATIONS I 587
. · e~~--....----~~..----.~--~-.... ......--..·
Ill /f,
·-·C:1.
C;RI-.MlNA·L·-P-RC)C·E.-D:LJ~RE··
· .. 'sAN a'E.oA'LAW C£NTRAµZEO.BA.f*OP£RATIONS
- ·MEMORY AIO :zo19, ·.
: 1
, .•.
- ii
.. ·• •• EFi "7"'"'"
1w::a-.
·---·
MIN. . :·_'.:}
-..
'f
....,.~"
. j\!~-
Righ~ Agai~~t Self-Jncri!TI.i!'lation;Ac~used_.'v·•.. Confrontation . .. . . . . . ~\:
· Ordinary Witness· :.. ,·The act of- setting a witness face-to-face with.-the · j
accused so that .the latt.er may rriake any.. objectioc:i · ·-~~-
he has to the witness, and the witness rrray .identify .,~~j
the . accused, and · this must · take place in the _,,..it
· . :A.n accused may The ordina.r.y . 1wltness·
presence of the court 1:iaving Wisdi<;:ttonto perrnlt the .
prl,viiege of cress-examination. (P~ople v._· Punzafan~ . : :rt,s
t:
'altog'ethet refuse to take· may. be corrip.efJ~.d_.._ !6 ·
th'e witness· :sta.rid and take the witness stand
G.R. 'No. 4165{S, November 19, f9!,1). . ,' · ·· ·
. '". ·.
.A
~fri
'refuse . fo . ··ar-iswer ~~y 'ard :.ciaim 'the', p~iyileg~f Purp~se:.- The .prlmary purpose is to·.se_cure the: \t
· ~nd ~If qu.!:)~tio.ns. : . ·<.".as ·each. ·question opportunity of cross-examinationand the.secondary.... {J.
. 'requirini . ·. ; .. ,· .'ari·
purpo:>e is to· enable' .the -ju_dQe .to observe the · ;:.;
incrim[riating .::!nSWer. is . demeanor of witness.es_.: (U:S: v, Aan{lstas/o, ~-.R_1 '.-:fJt
shot
·, ..
at'hirri . -, No, L-2821, August so, 1soe)..
. . .
··. ·~7[f'
. . ·' .· .. . . ·,-1\·
. .- . . . · . ·. · · . . · ... . . . · . The right · to confrontatiort' does not apply · in "°{f;.
Note:. However,.lf the accused testifies in hjs own:: · ·preliminary inve:,tigi:ition. The investigating officer ·~:~-
, behalf;.then he may .be cr'9ss~.e.~ami~ed·a~.~~Y .o~he.r ·. .during prelimin~iy investig~tlo.n'm.ay.set a he~ring if.:'. :...t.
wiln_es_s. Thl~ \s: c?ns(d.ered. a waiver . P; Ju.~. _fig_~=·-~~.re' are ··fads a~d lssues to .b~ tl~ri~iedfrom ~ party Jf;
against sel~-mcrrmtn$lti~ll- He may · n.ot: ~;:c:'c.m-ss..,,. .j- Er· :Wttn~~s-, Wt:ule the. parties ~(~ allowed. to be- ':'.~
examin~tiori:.~efuse to answer any quesJ1?n·:ffe~';Q,, \h~.
groui:id. that th_e an~we.r _tha~ he ·~Uip;,~h. · '.-~~-.-=-~~mJnefl~~ss--examin~:»
l . R~~~-ei;i'taft!Qe heEtring, th'e.y._are without the right ta -~)
They .may, .h?wever, .. -~"
evidence he-will produce:woµid hc)oY};! @1t~n,,.ef\cy . ,subm1~&1itv . tfu~~ng offi~er questions which may· 't,
'to i.ncr,lr:rJ\nate· ~im for. _the' c~i"'fr~~i@'}'ffi~~.~~"4C~..,,be,a.sk.~.cl~
chargeq. But h_e.may f(!lfuse tOy§l,?._s~r).,11n11:1.~sti~ . '11"'· -~~pra~\42~ .,.-r;{) i\ 'I.
_· he. P\~ 'qr v><itness concerneq·(RIANQ!- .-.'.':!
:.J;
-16
. : · . · ::
In an; ·e;il:ninal ·~r~c~edi~g·•. thi. d~fe~dan'~'~nj~y~ th~· . · · .. The. burden.. of pr~vi~-~·:~~la/ d,ep_~n~s:on wh.ettier ..· .'
right -to haye'• cbmpu(s9ry:'ptoc~ss to secure'..the · ·. delay.is'.alleg'ed withi,n the-period~ provided.by law·..
attenc!_aric.e qf ~wiin'esses i3nd the-· Rtoductic;in ··-~f · · · or p_ra9edurat rules ... .-. · : .. . :. ·. . .
eviden·ce ir:i ni~·~e~atf (CONST.,Art. ·111;sec.-1-~. par:r..'>~7' 1. If .th~:d~t~y 'is alle~ed, to )iaye occurred d.uriag ·
(W'. · :· · · . ·; . . ·. . · ; ,1,://)J.· . _the. give.n_. per.ioc!s; ·-the ·bwden ..(s. · on ·th~·.
. · .. - ·.. . . . . . : ·.·: . : :: .. ·. . r:,;.(1:. .-=.:1':: .res·ponden~ or ~he ac~use~:l_o prove th~t· t~e..
-XL Right to Have a ·speedy, ·lm'partial and· Pll,~lie;,5,·, >_•A . · :del_ay Yl!as )~ar.d1pate.. ·,. · . .
Trl~J . . ..... : . . : . · . .-· .J (;,.,; ·':.;'.,l!,·;r;- If the:~r~~t !~.-~lleged to have-occurre~ beyof!~
· ·. . ... 'i : .· . . . ·. . · :. . , : ·. .: ,;,y ·. .;.,.(.:/~r- .... :._.J!J~.1}:l'Y!Wi,.Penod.si_ the- ~u.rd.en s'1)ftS. to, th~
The ~1ght to have. a sp~·edy·tnal 1~ waiy~abl_e-.-i5'utnot( f ! .. ·~roseeu,tiq~ · fo · ,prov~- ttiat · me . delay, was-
. th~ ngt,t to have..ayuohc·and impa~~ktt\al;p · ·.- /),.!·1 rea~o~a,b1,~underth~~1rcun1starwes and that no
.- _ . . .... ): \~.£!~,. ',1_7'. ( . . preJud1fe..liw.~s suffered l?Y .th~ acc~sed . a~ a
. : . .' . · ·. . .
Spe~dy. J~~al. · . . · . .. ·.. ·. · · p:.J r/c-:_:~·
(For the Right- to Spe.f!J._dy'ir1at1fr,aer the.,:._R1:1Tes <&. 1-;:ll
. ~ ... f
result~f e\1elat (Ca_gang v.. San~1ganbayan, .
.. ~:Rf'o_- j06-i/.38, Ju)y 31, 20t8)•. _-. . . .: .
'J-o
Court,. See. 'discus_sion ·undertRu/e 14J?:,':Secti~- 9~'
·andqh_d~rA,fv!.. No.12:.~1-2-~Rr
' . . . . . . : .. . , . . '~~'* 0':":. ;.~..
=='':.:!:j).. ~:1 R~~J,~Y.~i~!Pl_o
·.·.··":.:r;-;)
i- · /f. .. ·J.: · · \ .: ., ·. ·. . .· ·., _.
t~e A~cu~ed .wli_~-~··Hls..
~.i.. .r,.i . ~1g~t to·;s~y,_.~1·n~l1s V,19lated_: .... . . . ,. :' .
-
. Purl)ose.: _The nght of the. c:\CC!Jsecf.nr.a-sp~.~,dytn,al F:f 1.. Ac_cy~ed.,may fjl~. a n:toUon to· ~IS~.ISS. on th.e
. · and·tq a' spee,dydispo-siti<Jn..of t_he 'c'a,s~agl;'j.ii'\st.him . 1 i\1-~..,..:-,1gro_und of·yk.>la~iq.ri of rfght .to ·speedy trial (RA
. _was .d~sig_n~a· Jc:i · pr~vent', ther·oppre·~)*:(w-Jof'th~_)::;;:-~ · ;_'•; r1>1.o~ ..8,.493i Sec. 1 ~); ·, . · .'. : .. · I' · · ·
. citizen: b.Y. hoklinQ eri!J)in<;'I pr6secu_ti~11,;s.u~p~r.qet1..,:;...t~~.:!-Aeij~se'd may file-~ .Pe~tion :for h~iJeas-cprpiis.. if
O\'.ei:-him. for ari ind~fimte t1rne,:and to pcev,enti1:1eiays .the unreasonabl.e deli:w . of. the . ~rial . re.suits to.
· lo the: adrniriJstratibri' of jusfioe. by in~~,f~#ilg. the . llle_g'al 'CE;Stri;i~nt of,his .il9.e_rty(Abt,J(jia ·v ..:CA, .G.Ri
cciurts._to p'roce'ed with r~asonable dispatch. in the . No. 105597; September 23, 1994); am;l · .
. trial of cnmin<!II .~se~ .(Corpuz v.' Sflndiganbay~n. 3. ·. Accuse~· wouiq: be· et.iti_tle<:l: .to-. relief in. a .
· G.R. Np. '162214.;Noveni~et 11, _2QQ4~. · , ,. · · · ·. · mandamus proceediRg to_ yampel the. dismissal
: . .. .'·. · · · .,· · ·. ·· · of· the :lri.fortr)atlOft···(Luman/aw·· v.. P.tirat.ta; · Jr.,
. Facts .· C.on.side~ed · to .. Det~rmln~ .. if'. ·Right · to . G;-R. Noi 1'64953; ·.februaiy.1-3, 2.006)'... · . . . , .-
... ;,peedy·Trialhcis been Violated:. ' . ·-.. , ·.·:· . -·· .
: 1. · Coriduct-df the p'arties (Lumanfai;lv .. Petafta-,'.Jr., Effect; Qf Dismissal. for Violatfo~. ~f Ac.cus'ed's
.. G:R. No.. 1·9'!1953,.Febroaty. 13,' 2006j; . _.,. . .: Righnc;'Speedy ·Trlai · ... · .' . . . . . . . .. · .'.. :·
. .2. · Leogth of th'~ delay; . . .. . Such · ~1smissai i.s·.- equiva1~nt.. to ·an· a'cquittai. Any
· i3. ·~eas6n fcir.tt:iedelay; · ... · · · · ·· · · attempt to• . prosecute, 'tl:i.e . accusecl· for- 'the·,. sarrie.
. 4. · The ·accused's'.a·sser:tionornon-asseftidn of the offense W!l.1 violate hjs consfitutional . ..rig.ht ~gEiinst'
·. · · right;· and. . . ·. ·.. . . . · ._ . . peing put twice' .ii"). jeopardy of. p'u~ishme'nt for the
· ~; · · Prejucti¢'e.: fo the- ··a~cused resut'ti~g ·.frol'n ··the ~ame o_ffense (Tar.-, v. 'i=lcoP.le, ·G.f.tl)lo. 173~37, Apr.i(
. delay ,(Coscoluelfa v. Sandigan_bayan,· G.R. No. . 21, 2009). : . . ' . ,• . .· ·. . . ,, .· .
·. · 191411;:July
. . . .
15, :2013) ..
.. ·. ..- · . · · . ·
Public; Tr(al · ·..
Note;. There· is· no violation of the right where ·.the The trial must-'be··pu~lic. It possesses that ch.aract~.r
. delay is imputable to. the accused ·(So/is ..V. Aglord, when' ~nyorie interest!3d in.' obs.erving:the 'manner a·
A.M. 'No. 2.76~MJ; June 2.7, '1975). This is beca.use j~dge· COriducts. th~ pr!)Ceedings in. -his .. courtroom .
.When . the accused reso'rted to · such tactical · may.do so (Garcia v.: Domingo, G;R. No, L-30104,
maneuv_er~. h_e w~ived his. n·g~t:_to speedy tri.al . July 25, 1973). · ·.
Note: · A. public . 'trial, is ·not· synonymous .. ~ith · Purposes otArraig~rri.ent:· . ·.. . .. ,l1
publicized trlal; it only lmpltes 1hat the court doors. 1 Toapprise the accused 0 f th 'bt'0 I "~'ii
. st be open· to those w·ho wish to· come, sit
.,, ·1·n the· ·. ~,reed.om, even e ,poss, on
· · of. -his ·.life,. depending ossthe
-or ,:.·,_t:,~-
- . -
mu
avallable.saats, conduct themselves with decorum. natura.ot the crime Imputedto 'him (Peopie v, ·:~"li_;
and observe the trial.process (Re: Reques-t.Radio- ·. Monteron, ~.R. No. 1307091 March 6, 200?); . . .}1l.·
7V.'(;_(jverage: of tiie. Trial in the. Sandiganbayan· of.· .2'._ To inforrrt.hlrn: w_hy the prosecuting arm of the. · i
· ... the Plunder cases ~gainst the . Fotmer .President . state is . rnoblllzed ag,ainst him', '{People V. . ·.;r
Joseph E. Estr?da,. AM. No. 01-4:.;03-SC,· J.une 29, . Mimteron, supre.); and : .. · " . -·~ ·
2001 ). · . . . . . 3. To . i,:if9rni the accused ·of the. · reason for. his : ;if
--exciusion cif'the.Public ls Valid When: . . indictment, ~the specific charges he is bound tc:i ... ;r_
1. . Eviderice to be produced ls .offerisiv~ to decency. face,_'c!n~:· the corr.espor,ding :pen.alty'that could. :~t·
· or public morals (ROG, Rl;l.le 1 t9, Sec. 13); or . · bs . possibly· meted: aqalnst him :(Kummer v. '~'
2 .. _ Upop·m,otioh of tbe: accused '(ROG, Ru/~ 119,. Peop/e,.GR No/174461,:September 1_1, iot3).: ' .. · ;li
sec._2·1J. · · - .. · · · · · ·' · · ·'!;.
and his/her c~uns°'e.i, ·,which· -consent> shall be · In· other ·words; · there was. no · need for the
expressly stated in b~th -the mlnutes/certlflcate of .. . arraig_ni:nent .: as .... 'the · ad "tit - the', accused · 6f
arraignment and. the order of arraignment. The court. partlclpatlnq tn · the .trlal. implies' that he understood
shalt explain the waiver to . the. accused . in the . the ·n~_tµre ! and cause. of. accusation against him.
· language or dialect known .to him/her,· and ensure · (P'eop1e· v, ·cabale, · G,R: .Nos. 73.249~so, fv!ay. B,:
the· accused's .. full. understanding . 'oi . :·:the . 1990). -·: ·. . .... · :· · · . .· ,··. . : .· ·· ...
. consequences of the waiver before: approving ths
same /AM.; No. --15-06~·1:0-:.SC,. S.ubhe~tlinp
no. BJ. ·
ite':1 ·-~ r
.:
. ·:effect-of Ab~;en~e:or .lrreguiarity.of Arraignm~ht:
1 '; T~e absence ofarraignrnent·resulta in the. nullity_ ..
-. ·a(the.p,roceec!ings before the.tri.al court (Tagfay
The prosecution r:nay 2iill,on:tri~rottier\vitnessesnot . · ·v.:-o~r'ay, G.R, No ...-1.64?.5~,.August 42, 2°'12).
mentioned.· in. the. Corhpl_aint '·or. · -informati(?il -, 2. · Generally, judgment. is void if_accused•has not·
·p.reserited-to the ~ccused during ·arrai_gntnent.(ROC;· . · been ·:valid_ly ·amHgne'd·· {People v.\E=sto.mfl.c,fr
Rule 1.16, SecA}. ., · - ·· · · G.R.- Nos. 117..485;.a-6,Apriq2; 199(3); ,
3. · Belated. af(ilig°ruri.ent, syc~ as. _tha(d_one only
· When Arraignment Shaff Be Made. . after the .case 'has been subrnltted.tor decision,
.. 11.rraignment and Pre-trial -shall be set withi'n '10 · . . ooes
: not nece&Siirily violate· the -constttuttorial ',
calendar days from.date of the court's receipt of the · · ·. · . , ·right of th~ :a·ccuse~: Subsequent _arralg_nm.ent
case for . a detained 8CCU,Ser;J, and. ,Within ·-~Q ·:· . : .. . wm.cure the errQr provided that the accusedwas
Calendar: days fronf·th_(;? date- the QOIJft aequlres A/":' .•' ·. a!)le to-present evii:ler-ice_,and cross-exarntne the
jurisdlctlon . · (eithe~ · ·· ·by, ..: atre&t:. · or .. : voluntart;;};f_.. ·.. : · w!tnesse~. of the prosecution during ~rial (Pe'o'ple
surrenderjover .a .n6n-1e_ta1ri9.d accused(AM, {~,?.,k{>J.~r\ : .. "V .Pa_ng,lm.a·n;· G.Ft.,··:No.:· 171020, . March 14; ··
15-06-.10~sc, Subheadmg ~II. item.no. BJ: . _·. '.~ tt:il.~(:i.i..;;f .... _3007).:· . . ... ',. . .. . . ,.
· . . . . . . ... ;. . . ·. ,- )I i,,~.,1.•\!,i~:,1ih~f.rralgfJ.~'rnt · mus.t·. be made. ; agarn m _an
O~he~. lnst_a.m:es-.W_h_ere ·. :Arra1gnmen~, ~~<~et9Ji~(!j1~~~J.!!?~P,~~-1Hnfcirmat.1on ·~r. ComJ?lam.t, only:where
Within· a· Shorter .Perrod:- ·_ · . . ·. ·. ',..,,::"/ . . Y 'J . · su'6sfant1~ amencjments are made. and not mere
· {. . Where \he complail)a_nt ~s a~ou~. tp.;.~e~a~ f~OIJJ'rdJ . form~) ;;il%!1drile_nts (KLJmmer V. Peop/e, G,R:
the P_hmppi~es .~ith, rio'. d_e.fi~.. ~~~(a~~e _9~.,... }~ .···No. 17~t;_1'i.Sep(emti~'r11,_2013) ·. '. .
: returr:!, the ·accused s~ould b~~~·~2,~1t'tlqut . jH: . 5. ·Acc~Jea!!~s_]f_>resl,)n:ied to have been _va.lldl~
. delay·(R.A,. 4908); , ~ /J.Y"· : v··,.:--;, ~". ·,~'\ a.rra1gr1~tjpnthe absence of ~roof t~ the·c<?.ntrary,
2. · c.ases under R.A. 761_0j9~il~A~~~'~'Act)~ ·,ttie"' -;~, _:· E;~~P.L~~~~..~~~ffen~e charg¢d 1s_purnshabfe
. trial· shall. be com~e.nced,~t6ny.t~rse.:~3)ct:3.'.Y.-~ . .
from arraignment; ·-., · ""~. "~l".ff::·''\ . l~.'\
t,~l ·. ·.
hi
bY:i.?;e¥1tb~.~e<JR.f§fil. Al1ca_ndo!· G.R. No. 11_7487,.
De~11Jbet.Jl,2;1995).. .. .
. -~.. Cases undE;!r. the D~!]_ger~~s~~l:!~fo':A~;_.and_P'_ i•J · .6; . Ac~sed must · per-so_naf!Y.., app~ar _during
4. 1/1/hen the accused 1s. a cli1l9 m;~OR~1ctj,,t!1lav,, !~~~~:"='.':'.";.a_rra19.nm_ent_a,nd er:iter his pie.a (co~nsel_ c~_nnot
under .~ec. 27 _of A.M. · N~ .. O?~~;~Hh,SC,}h.e. i,1~., °"·'.;.!;t~JlitE:!~;1P.[e_a·for accused) (ROG, Ru~e 116, Sec.·
arraignment shat! be scheduled w1{Q!~ri~~y~n ·~1¥1-_,..,-'-rID.~·=---t(b)}-:--' . : . :. ·, . · . ·
days from the date of_'th·e fllin~ .of ~~;~oiji_plirnt . -7. · Trial fn abser;tia may be i;:onducte.d only after
or _Information · wit.h ttie ·. Family Cci\i't;;[lliJless· Vallcfarraigl'.)rn~nt (CqN$.T., Art: ill, Se<?. 14; par'.
.shorter p~fi~c!. i~ proyid~d l:)y law-: .lfi fic>.V~e~er, · (2))... ~ .' :. . · .· .
the. maximum:pe_rii;lltyfor tile Qffense ':"'ith w_hich· .s. Without a \l'~lid-.'prfor·.arraignm<3.nt, the accused
.. he is ch~rged is les$)hai1·s- i:Jioi1tt:is; .reg~rdles,~. . ·cannc>f ihvoke·. :doubiEf -jeopardy : (Miranda v.-
of fine or fine alon~ r~ga.rdless .<>fth'e. ~t:lJount, .. ·. · 'rut/ao; G.R. ·No.. 158763, March ~1•. 2Q06).
·the correspo.ndjr;ig:·compl,aint' is fif~ wlt.h, the .·· . : . . . . . ,_ :·· .
Farnity Court, H:ie .,cas,e $hall o.Qt. l:)e· set< for. .· . · · ~6nd;ti;,rial ~or. provisional ·arra1g~rrient wilf n6.t give
arraignmefitinste·ad~_it shall.forttiwith'be~tefe~re(:I· . rise tb''doub.le'jeopardy, wne're, as a _pt.ecdndi\ion,t~·-
·to alternative ·measures ·or services offered :.by ·. being:allowed- to:·travel. al:>rq!'!d,'. Petitioner agr~e(:J to
·. no.n-court 1nstitutipns (TAN, !upra.at 1033r_. . .. .waive his Tight. againi,t double·j~opardy_jn case a
. ' , ' :. . 's.ubstan'tiai"·ainendm·ent o( ttie· Jnformation should
A:rraignment.Made D.uring-Tnal ·. . .. ·. . . : .· .: become necessary, Petitionervias dul,iassisted.by
Arraign·rn~nt which·was:made after: the,prosecu~i,o_n· . . :cbunsel_d4ring_the con9itional.arralgnment and was
rested its .case Wa$·. Opnsi~e·red· a ·non~prejl,,idicial. 'presumably appris~~ of the· legal cons!:)quen.ces of ..
·error because: ; .. ·. , .v:
s.uch conditions. (?,raza . '·sandigarl_bayan,· G._R:
1. Counsel of the accused fail~d'to ·object lack· of No. 195032, Feb(U8,Y 20,.. 2013).. . . .
arraignment durinirt.riai; and: .
· ,2. 'C_ouiisel of the accused had·fuff ..opportunity to
· <,ross-examine the · witnesses · .(People: . v.:· ·
AUenza, G.R .. No. L-3V01,· June 17, 1950).
• I., • ' • • .• "•
CR}MtN·A:L,Pt-tO·c·Eo:u·RE· ·.
· sAN,a_EDA1:/<WciNr~azr'?BAR oPE~T,oN_s~ 1.1EMQ_R_YAID 2:M9 . . . ..
,.:_jt
.
Mts&MM Bf$4Mi·. &4 ....
~ ·:-fm
Plea of Not Guilty . . . . .. . . : · b~longs to. the· accused.. whose. failure· to, '.do so. :.)r:
If- the .accused does not enter .·pfe·a· · of ··guilty,
. whether to a lesse~ offense·orto the .offense charged . .
a constitutes a' 'Naiver of the ri_g_ht to _obj~c~ (People. V- .
· Barlulay, G.R. N~. 83696, December 21, 1 ~90), . ._.:i~
J~
in the. lnfo.rmalion; the court'--s_hctll. lmmedi~tely . . : : '.· . A1
. proceed ·with tlie.·arraignme.i;it 'and the· pre-trla! 'SECTION 2: PLEA OF GUILT -ro ,;..· LESSER Jt
.(A.M. No.' 15-06-10-SC; Subheadi~g Ill, item.no. B). OFFENSE . . . . . -·~·";;:
·-··-· . ----------------------·
. ·c-R1M·1-NA·L. p·R-0.CED:.U:R_E.
OPERATIONS- MEMORY AID.20·19'
SAN'BEDkLAWCENTRAJ.IZED'BAR
·A.WHH'!RAM+ .. Mi . . .
allowed to 'plead gui!ty. to .. a 'lesser offense ..after . · accused has· been coerced ·o.r placed under.
withdrawing·his. plea of not guilty. In thisplea.of guilty . '. . ··a state pf duress either. tiy actual' .threats of ..
to,~ ·lesser offense, no amendme·~tof tl)e 'Complaint _ ..A . ·
or, l_nfo~matio~ is· necessary (ROG,. Rut~.: 1:HJ,. Se.cJJj})f h . , .:
. ·. ptiysical harm .: coming:,. from. m~levolerit
·:quarters 'Or.·. simply _beca_use ..of the ,judges · ..
'Not~: ·.A, plea •. O~·gui!ty·tp .a·le~~!'.-;¢.ffe'%e 'attpr ~1 ·.· .. lav/and the.certa_inty that h~ will-serve.·such·
prosecut!on rests i~s c~~e is al!o"Y~c:l. 9nly _wfJi~.n.'tli~ . -1~.,.,.; . ,~~se~tence._Fa~ h?t ·ihfr~quenUy, :· ~n. accused
pro~eeut1Q.n.. d9e.s not· .hl:!ve s.ufftc,~nt'.~~,yid:erice to .:./'' ~,.1tf:•if ple~ds. g_t,ulty m th~ hope of a lenient. treatment
est?1!->li~.h .. g4ilt, for. tpe crime· :chargffp[(Peo8,tep;;;::... ..-..i.:,,:c·'-~~ :•i'orl:cip~f.i- b~~ advlc~ ~r'.becau~e -~f .P.rc:>r.nises of
Vilfarama! q.R. No. 99287,_ Jµne 23, .1fSJ~?}- J'f'<: ·.. . ...... the ,:~U.!t\Ont1eS' or _::p9rt1es. of a· lighter p.~nalty
: · ... · . . . -· '\:n·:\'• ·.._ ·: _ .. · .-should·-he· adn:'llt guilt,ot.express·remorse, It is
·.SECTION .3. P[EA_ ~F ·c;µILTY. TO---CAPI-PAL . .., thec;lutyofthejudgetoensure,thattheaccused
PF.FENSE;..REC.EPTION OF -~VIDENCE. . does · not .-lal;rbr- .uii'der. · :these mistaken ·
When. Uie Acc4s'ed 'p1~aas· :G\.lilty 'to .a C~pital . 'irl)pri:;_ssioris.be~use·a pl~a o{guil!y carr:ieS'Wjth
Offense, the Cqurt Shall.: . , .·· . (. .' . · · · ·· · , . · iHiot _only_ the admission- of. .authofshrp·.of. tlie
1,:·. ·Condl,(qt ~.-searching ir'J.quir:y. lritoithe.: · · . , · cri1111:i . proper. · bt.:rt · ,plsa _·. of- tne·: · c!ggravafiog·
· ·. a;, Voluntariness..of.the ple1:1~ an·c1_,. · · ·. · · . cir9um~tances . atteridiog · it,,· :that ·increase
· ·· . b. ·. -Fu·11·comprehe('lsion Qf the consequen·ces.of. .-- _ : pt;uilshment:... · .. · . . . . .. . . .
. his plea; . . . . · . .. .. . . · ..... 5.. · Inquire if the acc;used ·kriows .the. crime \vith
· 2. : .' Requ_ir.e the prosecutjo'n to PfOYe. his, guil(,and:' .. · . wi,1ci; 'he is 'Ch~rged and· ~o fuliy·ex'plairi to h_ini .
:. the prec.lse clegr~e: of .his cuipabllity;· and . : ' . _·. . .· _.. . the· elements of th_e criine, it.'.hich is: th~ _basis of
3. <Ask .th~ a_ccu~ed . lf-; ·he. desires to · p·rese'°'t :riis· Jndictn:,e,nt,_Failure .of _t):le. ¢ouri fo· do ·.so
evide.r1ce-lri his:behalf.-and allow.hir.n-t.o do·so if woulcl"con'stitute.a· .violatfon. of his .fundamental
· , . i,~,desires (R.OC, Rule 116, S_ec.-3). right'to.be'.-infortn~d of the pr~cise n·atl:lre.o(the
. . . . .. . . l;lCCUS~tion ,ag~insl him, and a. de nial· of his right
0
Tpe. recepti6n "of evideri'ce is man.dato'ry.. However, ·to.due·proc..ess... .·· . ·.·.. . . ·.-
ttie def~ndani, afte~ ple.a9ing guilty, may not pre.~~nt· . · · · 6/ _All questlons·pcised to th_eaccused slJQuld b.e in
.evidence· as. would exoner.at!:l_''him completely from· . . . a -language khowr:rand under-stood by the latter..
crim_inal liability·· such as ·proof of· seil(-defense.' 7.. · The .4taf iudge must. ·satisfy _hims~lf that' the
(Peop(e.v. Defilo, G.R fl!o. 1178.1.8, April 18; 19!17). accused,. in ple.a~ing ·gulity, is·.'truly ·g:uilty,'The
to
. 'accu~e.dmu'sl'be re~uired narrate.the trai;iedy
or reenact the 'crjm_e or fumisfl its missing details
l ::iJ::: ·<:J(
rendered, except_in those ga~]s~ifiyolvi'lgc~p1ta1~1~'."''-i's7e:?Pr- e.c!f~i\~dfif:11 (f?e.ople·.v. Mendoza; G.R. . .:-'}.j . 1'·
pµ~·ishment (A.M. No. 1.5ff06:.1,Q-fC,_-Su~h~a~;.1Wj! ~~(~8 78-80,'~a:ly2()>,\1'982).-·.. . ,. <· · . :)
<w
Ill, ,tern.no. 8).
. · .' . · . .
.
.
. S_ECTION 5.. WITHDRAW 'i~· 95\~MP~)p{):~~)im
·
PLEAQ~.GUILTY··
. : · ·..
·
. l · ....
·. _. .:_~1
:l
.t
i,
, .
i
I
;
. Plea·of Gm.l.ty · .· • · · ·\ ·. ,-. . , . '""'->, .,.-? -1.fh,9Ut_'C:::9.,l!ll"lSel: '.( . . - . . <, , · --:!
An ·(m?ohditional . admission ')\,.of.. ·guilt:_~~@~'.;[J:;''t--.fr\:b,JPm~s-r'inform
·voluntan!y qnd made· With· full: l<~owledge~'<:lt the....d....-~ .~ave a~ttqftiey befo_re berng· arra1gried; ·
]Jfedef~nda~rthat it-.i&his 'righl to ,.
·· · :.)
t~ (·
con~eq1,1ences a~d IT)eani~g of .~;~'>;\~~~jig),,wJ{ir3"=--==':2~"" J.\fte\gj,Y.ipg'nim·s~chl.n_forr:iati6~;the court·njust_ · .'~
cl~ar und~rstan~11;g .of -th·e._pr~~l~S:- nl:ltV,,_(~~f;~he \\.: .'if i\:\"a-&~~~-he.destr~~ the aid of an attorney; . . ·l
crime, ~h.arged _:in the Compla1.nt . or lnfotm_~~~n·. J~/.l.G"~t,,l:fed,esires ~n~ 1s:·~~a_b!e to _.er:i:p)oy ~~e: the . ~~
(People v. De'Lun.a,.G:R No.:77'96f!,. Ju_ne 22, 1989F,...,,_.,_rr.;=:. court: n:iust · as.sign an attorney _de -qff~c1()·.to J
. .. . .·. . . . ··. _-. · . _. . ·. : :_· · :-.- · ·. ·. : ··· -: . defend birri;;and · ·. ·· :·· .·. >·. · · · : · · · :1
It ·mus~ be .~f such nature as··. to foreclpse.:·the , 4. · 1fthe ~ccJ.Jsed desires to prpcure,an attorriey-:of · J
·· def~ridar:it'&·righl to defen·~ himself.from said charge, · , · · his own; the court· musf gra(lt'hi,-ri r'e;;iscmable · ~1
·!eaving ·the'·court .'n9 ·alternative bu(to .impose. lhe .. tim.e·ttierefbr.(People·~: Hblgado,' G."R: _No. L· . ]
"pena.ltyfixed by law (P.eop/ev. Ng .Pek/G.R;No; L- ·, .2809,·:ivta,:ch·22, 1950): ·_. ,·. · .. ·: · ... • _::. . J
1895," October·2, 1.94·8). · · · · ._ · · ·. ' · .. · · .- · .· . . ·~
·' · · · : · ·. ..... · ... ·Note: ln:crii:ninal-'cases, therei°can be nb fair'.t)earing: .. '.j
lmprovideht.Plea of Guilty·..:· : · . · : ,.· .
It is a ·ple:a i::>t' gui_lt. made_.by the acc;us~d ,wJthqut full
· unl~lls the' ac~u$·ed· be."give~: -~ri' opportuh.Jty-to be ·.
. heard by counsel (People v. Ho/gado, G.R. ·No .. L-
4
·1
cornpreh:ension·of the nature arid the consequenpes . 2~09, March -22., 1950):'The·oni-y'ln.starice·where ·an· ·j
thereof. . . . ... . . ' : ... accused . would be 'allowecl to ·-defend. himself .. is" .. :'~
. .. . . . . . · . Where tle c_h(?Se to be_-represente~ in.'this·case by a . -:t
. Whe(e the trial .court f.ajled in .its duty-to.conduct the· prominer)t and cpmpetent member: of ·the· Bar, .:. 't'
p"rescribed,"searching inqLtirY" into·tt:ie voluntarine:,,s · namely himself, even if there Were otnfir."·availat;le ':}
<;>f. · the· . _accused's .. plea,: _o.f: · ~uilty ·,~rid:_. full counsel .(People·_.;. Se~b;eno, G..R No, 121·764;· ·}
comprehension thereof, the plea of guilty Is dee,:ned Septen:iber 9, 1999). · · i
made ' improvidently, ao<;I' rend·ered ·. inefficacious . <.
·. (RIANO'. supr~ at 448·449). . . : :'.~
. . .. i
.. :~
· 594 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR. OPERATIONS
· .CRl:MJNA-L PROC]i.-D.U.R;E
SAN'8E:DA l:AW.CENTRAUZED
. . . .
8AR"OPERATIONS"-:
'.. MEMORY·A/0"201.9
' : ..
· s·E~T10N "1. · APP.oi-~i-iyieNT OF- couNseJ..· oa ~ECTION 9·. BiLL OF:_PARTICUL.ARS
· OFFICIO :~ _. · . .' . :· : . ,. . · .
: : The·· accused· may, before arraigr,ment, .move tor'~
-Purpose; To secure to the accused, .whols unable bill of parucularstoenable'tum to.plead andprepare
to" engage the servlces cf an attorney: of h.fs own ·for"lrial. (RO.C; Rule·116, .sec: 9). · ·-: · · · :
cholce., effective . representatlon: by."· ·making- lt . . . . . . . . .. ·. . ..
· lrnperatlve on the' partof the-court to .consioerln the.: · Purpose,· : . . . . · -··;
appolntrrient of couns·etde·pfficio, the gravity of the .. The office of a· bill of parttculars lsto sup.ply'vague ·
offense ani:I th~ d)fficulty\of the questions likely.to.· facts or allegations inthe .C6mpl~int or Information.
arise in thecase vls-a-vls the a'qllity andexperlence to enablethe accused.toproperlypleadand prepare
o( the prospeotlve appointe~.,.(PAMARAN, 'sup~ at · for trial.' It presupposes -a vaJid l_nforrn_at(on,·<_?r,e thc1t
· 4QJ:i404). . . · •. ·.. - : ·. ,· · . · . ... . · .· . .. "presentsall theelements of the crime charqed, -~I.belt.
· ·· ·· · · ·· - . under vague terms (Eprile ,v. · Peopte; ..GR· 'No. '.
·cciun$(;/.r;l_e off{i:fo. . - . . - 21_3455, August 11; 2(!15). · .. _ .. ·. · ... ··. . , · · .
'He is a .counsel appointed by the court to represent · - - · · - · . , · -, · ··
an·d;d~fend the accused fn.,case .he cannot af.ford't9 I~ is-~ettle~- that :tl'l~ exa~~ dat~--~f-t.h·e commlsslori of . . •
'empioy._p~~-~irns_elt H·is ~Lity.is_.r:10net~e1e·s~ to make raoe ii: bot an essf!~tifll .elem·ent thereof and o'eecl · -
sure $hat his cliel'.)t g~t~ .wl)at he _lawfu~t.de_se,~es . _.not be stated iii" the· 1otormation. The· remedy against·
· _wheth_er-. a9q_uittal 9r. C"Ol)Viction. (People \{:. D~yot, · .. : a~ , indfctme~i )hal _. fails .. to allege .. the . time ···of
.G.R_. No:_88281, Ju_lY:?P, 1990):_ .. : · . . · ~-~ - commiision ·>of . the''· offense--· wi.tn .- sufficient·
• .. .• . . . ~: .. •• . . , . '. :.' .• • . . . . . •. : . ' ,'l .:·'.">i/ . deiinlten;,~!iS IS: a,oiqfioti for: bill of partlcul~r:s- (People .· .
. Who r:nay fj~ ..appotn_ted Cou,;se,de off/cl~. -/":/;".'i~i:,,_ v."bestJ··0 G.R.-Nos: 140406 Aptil 17" 2002)[ .: .-
1. Such mempers of the bar.11:1 good stanqu:ig_~l:i_o/:_.,;·1,;;·, _. ·.. . . Y 1-. . ·. . _ .. ' - '·:., ·· •.
. ~-y reason of"their" experien.ce a_nq: ~9ility-,\~$.ff~-.'\;_'.«)_ T.be failureJ9-,_ask·f6r bi1~--bf ;a~icu·I~-..~- am~~~t; to - a
· . compet_~ntly ?etend .th~ acc~sed;_ or · - ·, :-_,;:/ Li=,·:,~:>:-:./ '.watver,-of-tuch-rt ·ht ana it-deprives him bt·the·rigtit
2._ .. In I.Ofl:!}1~1es. where. suet~ members 0~ t~~il-W~re\j i(-~- ~)fj'i/ct'..:'toAe~i3en~e. which · could · ~e ··lawtully
. n~t f;!_va1lable, . any r~s1dent. of. ~h;LP!...P~ln_ce of;\ ...JI . intrGduced jn·li aqmitted ·-lmder· an -Information of.
.- goo~. reJ?Ut_!3 for probity- and ~biht~, JR19c, Ru!if>~H . more . or·. - l~j,"s ~ g~neral terms which . sufficiently
· 116' Sec 71 J ~,H · ./ l' , "?I · - · · · (. . ,
• · ·. _ .. '" • I• --:- · · , ·:-.. · ..
•
- · ;.-,r;-s }/;~-ef :·
i--.
-;;1 chat-ges t~e ,rfe~da_ntswith ~.de_finite crime _Pe_ople
~9te_~--: A· ·-p~i~~tE: ~i-9sec;~to~'C~1~o..: as~~tea' th~_-_. 1:, ), . v. Cer~'!J1'\f R.'10. 1 ~'.1 z9.'. Jc1n~ary ?B! -~?.OBJ.. ;
prc:is_eputing_ at~otne}'... in.;pto~~~!!'?0~~~1R.sl~?n.e~ L> .·.".// . :i,l- ·_) .. -:-:-..·,' ··. , . . · · ·. .-. : :
defE;mdant, 1s d1sql!ahfie~--frorn?~c11ng·~s.:'-CG)in~e1::q~ _ ·1".,J The 1"1.?._H~;f$~-.~-~~l1:?fPartr_~ula_rs s-haU ~p.e~c1fy•...
· officio fodh1:16ther d~fendarits ir:K{IJ-'!,.~aft~~se·tti~ . t,o!_ 1 '. ·_The·-l:alt?_gg_d, ...'defects _.1~ the_ p<?tnPlj:l1~t.: or
v: Laranja, G)~~ No. 6-789; Februaw, ')tfY,,r1.9::J-.~). · . f rf Information: and. . .. - . _ - .. · ·. ·
.· · · -- • _: . · · ··' : · ' : : .. : ·.. ._:,.(,\ . · ):":):· :_· f:S:,2..~i:"pe_tails·desired;b_ythe accused (RO~.R:ule 116; ·
However/ alth0ugh: the· attorney -:a:ppq11:i.ted . ~s k. , ·,~-- ,/~et?.::..9,)..,: ,·: . ·-· ·... · -·. .· .,. ·'· .. · . ·:. · ·
• ' ' · •. · ·•;.\>" ' ·d ·-·....<·' I t·' °'l'rll · • •
COUliS!3I ".de· Of!iC.!~· pad prev1?~Sly·<~_epear~:;;'iS··"--~--·-,-·--'-'4·:~~...,~· :_- - _ · --~--- :··, ·· ·. ·.
;A 1• )•
· •, · ·.· ·: _.
__ private prosecutor l{l·the_.case; If 1_t_aPP..~f1[S·_t~r~;(he · - .· · Note: MQt!On: for. bill of_ partic,ul~rs-,,~at!.d0_.:'19t
- :=1-~CJJ.~!\ld. we_re.prpp_~rly_defe_n!'.f~~. tll!i!:~m~o.$N'e.o.t, . . cqnf~r.m - to. the·.-~re~cnl;?ed -~_anner .,stiall .;be.-
,tit be:ertone·oµs; 1s no~~- revers.1.ble error: (People v. . · · ·, c;,oris1dered ·u_nm_eAton9us. and shafl: ,b.e,_-d_en,ed
Mtin_igl:Ja.s, G.R; -No.'" .'L-,1Q3~2-53, · September 30, . outri§ht (AN, fl/0-: :f 5--06-.10--SC;.:Subhea:d,!!g fll,
'19.60);". . . ~'... . -:·.- . · ." . , , ·_ •. . ·item ao.·.2).. .., .· · - ... -. ·_. ·:. _. .
·:·~~~ti~N''·s~:'. TIM~-. ~~~-:C.OU.NS~L OE ··oFF"ICIO . ·1t is. NOT.the'ottictii ~f t-~~i~-1i1\;t;;;~;~~;a;~.-t~:. : . .
. T.O_ PREP.A)- R.·_·_E,_F
__ __o . !G_f:1M
__·.·~. ~R_- ~A_ _ 1:~:r .-_... · .- 1 ·.. Supply material alie.9-~ti<;>n·. ne6e.ss1:1ry ·to the
. : ·valldi.ty=.ot a plea.i;ling; ; .. . . · . · ., , ·. - · · · · ·
What constitutes "Reasonable Tirrie:" It depends: 2, . Change-.;\" <:~use.•_dfacti6n :or q~fense· stated in .
. on ffie circu·mstan·cesstJrrounding..the'eq_se·such as -. the pleading, .Qr-lp state a cause. of.action· o·r
the: g·ravity·· -of_ )he·. of!en:sE& complexity:· of. :the qefense other than ona·s.tated;._. . . . _ .
alfegatioris; whether a· motio·n fo · quash· Qr a- bi.JI· of 3. Set forth the pleaq~r'.s. th~9ry Qf his. ·cause of
particulars has to.be filed-;..'(PAMARAN~-si:Jpra i:i"t 4.0<i- ·action-or a ·rule o.f evidenc.e.on_ wli.i.ch he. interids
. 4051• : . ' _. , · • ·- · . •. . , • . t I . · . ., . . .
1 . 9 re y;_ or . · · · · . . . . . ·· :· · _.. ·: : -. .
4;. Furnish, evidentif\TY ·information_. whether. _such · ·
Note: It ~u~t ~e pointed. ~~t th~_t,th~ ;ighdo ~;~pare · ;Information CORSiSts 6f evidence . which -\he
for arraignment ml!~t be 13xpressly demanded .. Only . pleader. propos~s-,to introduce. or: of.facts. which . .
when- ·so- :.de"nianded· does denial t_hereof. constitute . . constitufe_·a.aefense pt" offset for·the ·other party .
reversible error and. a ground for: new t(lai. .Fur.th.er, -or -which will er:i~ble · the· .opposite party_ to .
. such right tnay b~ ....;,aived, · ex1?ressly or impliedly establish ~i,- afffr.mative. defense no_t.yet.pl_eaded
· (People. v. Agbayani, .G.R, ·Nos. 1227-70, January 16,. · (VINita v. Sandlganb~yan, ·G)~. No. 106527,
·1998). .
. Apri/-6; 1~93).
- --···--- -------------------------------~~--'
. . .
-·Notably, ·the 'specifi~ations .that ·a bill of particulars Thi_s··. right : is. -also ·_ayc;\llabl_e: d4ring preliminary:
may. supply are ·oniy formal amendments' to ,th!:)'. investigation ·if 1.t Is .in_d_lspensable: to protect ·hi&::
Complaint or Information. Where th_e-fapls charged. constltutional right to lif~. liberty, and property.(Wetib:·
· are no_( only vague but lacking,..sucb _as."{h_ey do· not . v. De Le,o_n, .G.R. __ No. 1212_31-, . .August 23, 1995);···.· ·<.
constltute an ottense, the 'proper remedy is a motion
to. quash (Enril~ v. People, G.R. No. 213455, August '". SE~TION."11". SUSP.l;N"SION
.. . . . . . . . _. . .. OF·
.
A.R~AIGNME~fi.
.. .
. .-;
. . . . . . ·..;...
. 11, w.tsJ. ·.
_~,.;
~J~x, ~- I
SJ:CTIO:N .10. PRODUtTIJN~~~-~f(fi~l~.~F~ra=i{~;o~~trc;:'1i.~'it~~-~t~~e- d~:!:;~r)~f .!~~- '~:~·
MATERIAL EVI.DEN<;E IN,. -:f?""O·SSE;~,S(GK OFro.{ J. ,efa~I~li~irl!'to}tp~?,9 ?f.60 cays -~~ck?-ned from_ ./.;;
PROSECUTION . \ '-<P . ..-. \ :: _.,K·(,~e,,;~1:Q9:;6f~~,e. pet,~~I'\ W:ith t~e revre""._rng offi_c~. · _·.:4,
. . · . · . .\ '\~ . ~~~~ i.~ .. ~~~ft.:. C:.~~exf?Jt~tion· <fl ~id. period, the trial. cou_~ ,s <"'}
Upon· motion of the accused 'stJowing'tg_oo~s.~...~ a11a,'to ~i~r~.nt)i~,accu~ed or to denx th~ n:iotio~ · ,g,
and with .notice to the parties, tn~,court it.i:or-tl~\&'/ fil~''.f'etcfe~e~,ra1.9nm~pi (Sam,son. v. :Daway, G.R. Nos. .' ;°':
prevent surpr.is?, : ~uppre_ssion, Of'ii.,altej~'ti~~~~-:'~~~5~.f!'Y./'1:,
?rder t~e·_ pros.ecu~r~n to produce a"'9q_iplf_;tqjfie=--~-;
2004). ; . ,
"1·, ."0,._~':4,,,,J... '::,J'_ ··· ·. . · ·
. · · ·· ·.
-. · · · ,·i
·f
rnspectron and· <:;o.pytng· or photo9raphtn"1fQ.f;v-{ .. ·. rvi
ti , -.,_,, · l-- .y .·.. · · . . ~ iK
· - 1: Any. written :~taterrrarit giYen .by _the Ri;>rriJJtain~.n.~._. __...:._.f.;;;.,,-,,:G··. · ... · . R. · ·· · · · · · ... ~f1
· and. other witne~ses'in any.·investlgation· of the - · ' . ·. -IJLE 1:~7 ::/
. ?ffen·~e..c?nd~cted_by_ti,e pros_ecut!9r:t._or-=other'. . l\ilQT~ON Tc>"°Q:UASH .-.:it
rnves,1gat1.ng·officers;·c!S v,~11 :!=ls ·,:... · · · · ·. · ,. · ·
. .'2 .. · Any ·d~_!;ligni;ited· · dot:ui:n¢rits;-. pat>.e:rs·,· books, · ·· · · ., · ·:
· ·< ' a.ccounts;"' · fetters, . · pJi'btograp°h's~;,.'.til;ijeqts · or · · ·· · · ' · · · ;.,
tangi"ele lhi_n_Q~·not:. othE::rwis~_. t>°ri'l(i_l!ige~. v,,r~!ch .... SE9TION. :L TIME TO M·ov.~ TO
.QUASH . · · . · .!.,·.
, ·. ~. . con_SJ~.~te or CO_ntfl.l~-0V!Cfen~~::rp.!'!.~J3i'.f~J-~';' any . . : ~~~lo~ to_
Clu~S~, . :.· .. '.i . . :-.·. · . .', . ·.
i:._ . ·. . · ·. :_ ·.-~)
· ·.•.· :.': matte~.1~vOIY,~d rn the.9ase:.~odwliJc~ are:rn.the . · rt is the -mqde by y.,hich an·accus~d assails the ::.ili
" . po!isess,on ..or unde.r lhe contr-ol-bftti:e: · · validitY.,9f a'.crimlnal .complaint or lnforrnation.file·si · · ;
. ·.,. a::.: Prosecution; ' · ··..· . ,· . agQinst him for i.nsufficie.ncy_on its face.-in point of ·"'~:
·; · t>: . l?,olice; or ·, . ..: _:. . . · :;\. · :· . . .
e. ·Ott'!er law inv.esiigating agEfncies:. ·. ·
law, or ,·or'aef_e_cts w_tiic,h are app"are.nt. th.eta.c& .· .]_J in. ~
:~.. . . ·..... ·::. ···; .. · .. .._·. - -·~. ·.. : ·.: :_;·-. .' ·. of the.Information.. It.is~ hypothetical admission_ of . .'· -}l
.. ;:-,.Mi>~e. llf'·Pf~~ov.erj . . ... · :, . ;_ -_... , . . · .thef~_cts~lfe~9:a .in_~he-~nfo~aJioti. Tt\eflindamen:al .. )i
~ · · Rig)lt o! the accu~ed · to .moye fgr' ttte. production· of. .. .tes~ 1.n _de~errrunrng· the-. suffrc1et)cy of the ·matenai ·. }J
.· · .· material evidence.. in · the possession of the ·. averm~tits. in ·a,'i'lnfQrmation is wt:,ether_or: _noi th'e ::ij
· :· · · r ·· · ·· h. · - - .. · ' · facts alleged t!'lerein, . _which .are ·hypothetically ... ?·
pr9secut on: It authorize.s. t e defens~ to inspect,
. . copy or photograph any evidence of the·.prosecution
admitte_d,· would,establ.ish the. essential ~iemeots of ..
'
'·~=-~
· · .. in its po$session·.after Q~\aining pem:liisiori :0f the.. the crime:defined by law. (People·v. Oqtuhan, G.R. · ·!i
·· . · cou.rt (HERERA;·.~upra a( 632). · · No. 191566, July 17! 2013). · · ·,')
• • • • • • 1 • ~-i
·-:1
_596 l-2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATioNS
..~l
-~
·,j
. CRTMlNA,L:'.°P'R0CE.£iU··R:·E·
. · ~ ~E~A LAWCEf'l'TRAJ,l~ED_Bf(R.OP~RATIONS - MEMORY AIC/ ~019 .
· Evidence Eiliunde · or "matters extrinsic . .to .the .._ . approval.ot the court in the) exercise of its -judicial:
lnformatlon are. not to be considered. To ·be sure, a . ' dlsc~tion. IJ partakesot.thenature of anon-suitor
.rnotion to quash should be bas~d on a defect .in the-.· discontinuance.tn a civil $Ui.t PP~ leaves tt:ie matter in
tntormatlon which 'is .evident. oil lts: fact (People v.. the same .. condition lri which. lr-was before the
; Odtuhan; G.R_.· fl!.o. ?91566i July 1!;_2_013).. ,_ · . commencement of the prosecution. It is nqt an
acquittal; lt-ls riot a final· d_isposit\'on\of the case; -and ·
. H~,.;,,ever, . a motior'i· to, q1,Jash.. based "double · ·on it -does-not bar a. subsequent prosecution for. ·the'
jeopardy or extinctlorr of the crirr1irial action or llablllty same offense· (Galvez v, CA, ·G.~ -. No. '11404f3.
may, by theirnature, be basedorrmattersoutstde of . october-24,·. H/94:). , · ·. · :· · · ·
the allegations. of th~ ·lrtformatio·n or- .Complaint. In·
such· cases; addltloual facts · are thus .ailowed :. -~.~~ion.to Qu.asJi ~.-De~urrer to.EJideil'ce. · .
: ...... ·~· . • •• •• • . ' • r ' ..
(RI~~()_, supra ·at 41;!} .: ·
~ • ~ I ' • • ,• ·. •
!.
!
. A no/le prosequi. is .a dismissal Of the >criminal case not necess·arily, JolJbw. ·in&iJfficien·¢y of evidence· . ·.··
·. by the' govemr,neht befbre 'the accuse'd fs·'p.laced on·. The c91,Jft. _rriaY'· '.eJen Js,... .Jw'.. jurispr'udenct ..
trial arid, bef?re· he is cal.led to· plead, With' :the. . o'rdar.t~e. ~ilfn~ of,~. "!EiW. d.e.~m~d:,at,.acquittal and .·
.. .... . ,-_... ;,
. . : .. Noi1-0:Jftf}fAu.' ust ~ to
11fl -~\. :~rrfotiot .:ci~~sh 1i\an o,rnr;iip_~s.·:~~tl~i) si~ce the . · i
,·
· . ·.
.
. .
. ·· .. 19~9)·
. ··Jj P.-...-. f
..(! ·. ··r·'J~. rule-impl\edly ~~B~f lti~ all obJect11;m~ ava11a~1e at, :ii
·---...-·~=:..1m.,......_~1fmEnthe motion. 1~-,led· shot.lid be 1nvoked .. The :-:~
i.
I
t
Filing -a _.PioUon to: Q.u~sh_pcni"'~s,·9.uentlyt Res.!!t{szj.;. ~~~hstd:Jct~ th~ftfie .fpl!!:lre.to assert any ~round. of :~
j
i.n ·the ·su~!til_~·s!o~.~f. th~· ~erso. , of_ the:~ctus,~~... ~otio?-to quat~befj>";t}-a:· plea to the -9,omplaint or · j
.:to the .:Jur1s,d1cti~-!1·0~t~e,'Ro1flil,_ i ...
G4:ne.ral' Rut~: :Fihl"!~ p_l_ea~,,~.isfl~r-~,n~r,_)~at,ve\'a't
<Ji..\· , · ~'5 lnJ?rm.~t~sh~jl be .. 1~eemed ·. a._:~a1ver1 .of. any. ~~
?J°<i? 1ecp9p~s1Af10r~q,'l-r;a.at ,J.13)- · ·... · : . ·. ·. ~~
II.
rehef, suc'1' as ~,IJlOh~n fo-~a§h,,r\quir~ ll{ltary~ Jj-&"7 . kD ~ 11 "'!..J/ . .. · ·. ', - · · · 0a
·
: .. ·appe~ra?ce/sl.irre_n~~r. .' ·an~, . ~-e~ ~~)t~~t-.;:;s .. ~~fh :-.~<!ii rf?J~ · ass~ft ·a. _·ground .·ma~ · either · be_ :.;·~ 1.
~ubm1ss1on of o~e·s pe-r_so~ to;'l!h~Junstctio~~ · ~~s~·- ·/. · / : . .. : · · . . · . . r I
l
. : court.·.9ues~(ons _on thE:)u,nsd1c~<?.n ov~r-~e pe~9~D~ --~· e .accused;qicl_ not file. a·_·moti_o.?to. qu~s~; or . ,f. !
. of the,a~l!sed .. are. d~~med ~mv~ by_ the:a~sect]El>-~: . JJ:ii'ac~!?,.edfiled a motion to _quash:b.l!lt ~,led to · ~
when he ffle.s a·ny pleading seekln?,J.~anfo."@,Ef!lv~-:..~ <\il~.f..,}'1~~ound in. sai9 · motl9a (R.00. Rufe ....~
. reii_e( '(;-eopfe v:.- Go;. GR ·_No. 16_8531J.~a~u_2s,· .1'~_/{
2014). . . . .
p:;\~l~~ec:_
. -.~ ~~- . · J\ .ll-.·~-~~ . . , . : . . . . · .... . .
9)._ . . , : : · .•.. · . . : . . . .. . . .. . .
.
. -~
}!.
· ··. . . . . .: .' ' ~~~~ECTION3, G.RO~NO_s .. ·.. . . . :'tl)
Exception:: In. cases· of pleadings who~e· prayer-is · . . ·.• · · · . .. . ·: : . . . . · . : .. : · . :.~
pr-ecls.e_1y...1or the avciJaa.nc~ ot the ;urisd1,ction .o~ the: T.!'e · accused may m_o-ye· to_ quash_;th~ 9om plaint or . ..j1
ce>u!1, ~hicli_ e>nly' leads to a. spe_ci~I ap_p~ai:ano_e,:~n~ ' Information on_ c:1ily of the .fqllowin~:-(Nc;rr -JJ~~AME· . · :':"~J
-does· not. need· fo. sµbrn1t ooe_s· person to· the AP) .· . · · .. .. .· . . · .. ,.:~
juri.sdict.(on<?"fthE;· cciurt _such as:.' .. · . . .. ·. . .. 1.: That.th~. facts: charg·ed d_ci No~- const\tute a~ ··. ~
1. Motions to quash_a_Complamt or lnfo_rn:iation o_n . . . offense;·.· . .: · .. . ·. · ·.... '. . ,,;,
· .the gro.und _of l~ck of juiis<;li~tfon over the- pe_rson·
. of the accysed; and· ·· . ,
· 2. · Tliat the cou~ t~)ng the ca_se ~a~ . nc>~L!risdlction .
0ver:the .offense:charged; ... ·· ,.. · . · : . . .
·.1 -~
2. · Motions to· quash· '3 warrant' of-arrest. 3_. .Th.afthl:3. court trying .the ·c;aselias.no-_4urisdiction · . -~
. . : . . over tile' p~rso~ ·or,.t~e a~µsed.; . . . .. . . :j
. This is·iconseqaence·of tl:1~-fac:t that it i~ the·very:· .' 4. That it'do~s not ·conform- supstant1ally· to the· ·. :!
iegal~ty.efth.e·court pr~ess forcing_th_e submjs_siorr_ '. prescribed.Form· . · . · · . · . _:__ ili
. of ttie person· of -tt:ie ~ccused which !S q1..i'~stionecl·. . t?., That-the'officer who filed ttie.lnformatiqn ha'd 'no . A
.(Miranda' v." Tufiao;· G.R. No. :·158763, March. 3_1,. ~u~hority to.do so.; . . · . · · ·.· · . -.·,!
2006).·: .. - . . ·. . 6. That-More.than one offense is.charged except '~
w_hena'-single puriii~i'nen.t for v~rious offenses ·-1
~ot~: where the· appe.aran~e is by. ~ouon t9r the·· is prescribed by. Jaw; · .. . . . -- · __ ::,;
. ·purpos~ of objec.tiog to the, jurisdiction of the .coui:t 1: That the .crirriinal action ·or fiability · has been j
over the person, ·it rnust · be for -the sole and. _sl<linguis_hed; . . , )
1;3. · That it contains ~verment; which, if true ·...,;outd .2: Lack . of · ·Jurlsdiction-.: Over . the, Offense · ·
.. . consthute- a legal .excuse or Jus.tifi~tion;.'a Rd : . Charged . . .. . . . . . . . . .
. · ·s ... That the accused has been fr.evious°ly·convfcted · Jurisdiction overthe offense chargedmay also-
. or acquitted.of.the oftensecharqed, orthe.'case "be .consldered. as Jurisdictiqn over 'tn.e isubject'.
against him.'. was 'dismissed . or otherwise .matter.. which. is' the· .. power ·. to: adjuqge
. terminated .w_ithdut his 'express consent. . . . . - - : concerning' . the - gener'al ·.. question involved .
. . . .. · .. · ·-.(Herrera .v: Barreto, G.R. No:·8692, September
·. -Note: : Th~. ·grm~nds::are exclusive. A. motion .to · ..· 10, .191j):' ., : :.. .: .: ,: : . . "' .
·. quash "lnformauon' when:'the· grc:it.ind:'is. riot one of . ..· "
"thosestated inthe ~uies is a prohibited .. mottonarid : · -. ,' V.~ri~e.in··cri~inal cases 'isan esse~ti~r:~le~ent
- shalt . be . denied: outright' before ':the scheduled · . · of jurisdiction. Tlie'jµrisdi~tion of a court. over the
arraignment. .without. need. of comment- and/or ·.. -criminal case is determined by the all~gatioos in
.: opposltion (AM. No. 15-06-10-SC, Subheading lll,>. .· the· Cb.mplai.nt or- lntormaticn, and the offense ·
·item~i10. 2). · · . ·' . ·.. · .... · .' · ··.. ' . musthave 'been .. cornrnltted or ·any one of its.
1
• • • • .: • • •• •• •• • • r· • • ·' • • • -essential il'lQr~dients··.tOOk·: place within the
1. t'tie·' Facts'. ·Charge·c:i'·oo .,:fo~ · Constlt~te:· an. . · territorial· jurisdiction of the... court (Agustin. v:
Offense· -. ' · ·. . :· ·. · · . ._. ... · ' . · · P.amihtuan; G.R. No:· 16.4938, August22, 2005).
. Th~ Com'plai°nt''6'r"111fo'rtn.atfo~mj.1s.t§h~W'on its . . . : . ' . ···: . . : . ··: . .. ' .'; . : . : .. ' ...
. . _: face that if'the facts alleged'are true, an offerise: . 'For failure to shov-.i ih 'the amendecf lnfoi'tnatioris ..
: . h~s·be~n_committt;i_d_.'i~IJ!USt.stat~e):c'pliG!tly:and ,At): ·fha't 'the cl')arge,''of murder was'''intirnately -
directly eve,yfact _and C?ircums~.nce necessa&(j/;:il . . <connected with·the.discharge.otofficial fun·cuons .
·. to constitut':l an..o~en~e. 11:ie_ te~t:to clet~r!:"1,(JtJn~~ · ,•: :of _the_·--~~cuse'd · ·~NP. A~~er~. : th~ . ?«en~e
. · ·thE:;_ fae:ts·_chargep_: ~9.nsmut.~ a.n- .o~~~.$e.··\f/l9. '~,.-l(\ ,: cha_rgec!. m_ the st1bJElCl cnr~ui:i;al ~.ses·. 1.s _Pl~'-" .. I
i
1eterm1ne . w~et~~r .. P' . i:ot. all:. th~_ .. :es;>,~•JJ•~'.:::~!L.,..~:~I'1ur~~r.1r,W:<t_..t~erefqre1 :-w1t~1.n. ·th~· -~~cl':'swe-
. ¢.lem~.nt~pf.the_·c~tme l"lay.e.}>,ee~ _all~9~:~}tfthl§ .;f~#i,:2.':!It!,~l..~~\duy1sd1~~1e;'.>n:of~he ~eg1onal _Tn~I...Court, !.
:exam~,:iaUbn.,. r.i'iatt~rs aliund,~are n?.t..q£>_1;!Sl~eredf .H , .' . .' ·. not-~h.e:1~rnd_1ga·nbaY.an·.(l;fJ'C:SQn v,., Executive .
(Dommgo'v. Sand1ganbayan,G:Ffi:,,<plo. 10937~,·::-.-Jf .. . .. sec_retaryij;,f7:R. No. 1~~09(>; January ?O, .1999).
. January 20, 2(!_00). . . . . .. · , ~ :w,~,J{._ ~ -~
· . ..-_ · .·. . . · . -/1!i6-.f~i;'-.'
,/--·::r1,., .. , .·. '•,
:t{ 8t
_3, Lack
·r .. \ : ·.·: -~·. .
.!/ f .. . .
u~<:t•ctJ<>'n: Over.th~ Person·of the. I
Tre fact_that the allegatio~fJ~::t~e.C6.JOt>!aint ?~ - r~ - . _ _J\~<_:~?!:1!· . :\_-·. .: . · .. ._. ·. · _ .... · . · ·
I nfonil_at1on ,are v~gu~ or ·~)-9,~d.,1s_::9,qt__gen~rally·~. JP, · In _gri;un~ .cas~s, )1,msd1?t1on ·o~er tlJe·.per~Ofl ~f.
a ·ground ..for. a mo~on tQ~1quash,,,,Jtl&')re~y Wl · . art't. c!.CCL\~§cJ!i~!~.acquired upon. - either his
a
. ·: being·_t!) fi:le' motion.for b1fJ'<f. .[e!1rJl<?:i:J,l§t~(Eti11i4 .. -· 1-~i~. . ·, a_Pl1re~~~~i.Oll~Witp~r ""'.it~?Ut a _warra(1t, 0( his
:v. P~ple, G,R.-No. 2.!3~55, Af1,'tl~..§.t:.fir~?-?015t ·
, . ·· · -X1 · -,.} .
fd ..· ~µ~m)?~,on to th~Jun5.di~t1on oftf1ecqur1. ·U:nllk_e
. !it,..,_..,....m1Jun~d1~t1on ~ver the st.ibJect m9tter:.and ter~1tory,.
Rule on Negati'ye Averme.nts · (\~<1! .. : · · }:i_li:~:;·!i;11jttris9ictic;moyef·the.pe'rso.i:1 of the,accus,ed may
(S~e. discus_sio?·M_Ru/e 1.1 ~/:$e?_~
· . · . ·
f ·. ,..
· . "(- · )y'V
,;{0~?°':,,.-;>b!J:?1'.. ~'.~~f,af:v~09·either
·
;_ ex.pressiy ·or 't;>y. '.implication
(Pe.opfe v, G,o, .G.R. No.. 16_853~, Ma,rch 25,
·Genera.I Ru_le: Wh'en ~n--exceptiorrb}~f.l~!'!-~ive · ·_2014). .. _ :
. · .allegation .is not aR i'r'1gredierlf'o'f the offehse and · · ··
a is m·atter Qf ·deterise. it ile.ed: 'not be alleged.· . Whil~ th~' accused may ha've.~I ready ·w~ived his
·(Pliopte-v: Mac';:igfifirig, ·G:R: ·.No.'' 1091-31~33 .-·rigt1t.to contest't~e .illeg~lit;(onhe·.ar(!=iSt; he is
09tobec3; -19~4): . . . . . <. ·. _ npt, l:lowev~~.· d.e~med _to ..!_:l~ve eqU~IIY. 'w;:iived
· · · . '> l)js .,right. to. ·c9i:,test the · regaJity · of the searoh
Ejc_e.ptlo~:wti~n ~he ingredi.ertts•ol the offe~se . . ·, (Vilf?rr.Ue,va: ·v. Peopltt; GR.' .No.. 199042, .
cannot befacctirateiyand.clearly's.etforth'if. the ·. ·· ··.. ,_ )\Jov~mb_e.r{7, :2014) .. · . , ·
.exemptiOn·is omitted: ttien·tJ')e.~.nfornration must. - . . . .
include. ·.the: ·.ne9ative .--~verineni (Pepple v. .'4. ·W_int _'·of Auth'orjty'. of Offfoer. Flll~g ·the. ·
Macagaling,·. G.R. ·No. 109131-33. October 3, ·lnform·ation .... . .' . .. . . · ·
1.994).·' ' . . . . .. . : ,, . . . . r11e' fiiing of ~in lnf9~mati60 by an offiter without.·.
t/le · requisite. authority·, to · fifo the' .same·
· N~te: ·wh~re the· 1ntormat1on is vai.~ or. ct-iarges· .consti~utes· a jurlsdic;ti.ona1 !nfirmity-v.ihich cannot
an: ·offense: thal :do~s not' ~eatly 1;1xlst, ··the be cured· by silence·, waiver·, ae:;qi.Jiescence, or
·presentation o( evidepce cannot validate said , .. ·ev~ri by· express .consent. Hence, ·su·ch·. ground
Information ·(Pe,'op/e. v. A~unciori,' G'.R:· Nos. . may. be· ri:\fst;iq at any stage o.f the ·proceedings
· . {13837-4~, ~pril 22, -1992). : ·or everi -o'n appe,'il -(Qi.Jlsay v: People; G.R. No. · . ·
216~20. Jan,uary 13/2016). . ·
. . .·
. ..
.
. • · .• J ·
-~·Tt
..Jt
I,
I
•
nu.!lifying all the·proc~edings a'l~1ac:Jxli?1}1li·.~~~g..,...~y~~(rpt'
lower court (Donio:Teves·.v. Vame72.{a,'!.i'i(.'~R.=-=~
No. L-38308, December26 1984). ,~
.:
Prescribed Form',- ··
. • ? .•
v._;r · : "',,
/j
,;{·
. . lt)s sdff!cient.. if the :¢omplaifi( or···1nfbrmation provided irfArticle J14 ~qn¢ Revised P.erial ·. Jj
· states the e-ssentia( elerrrents' which ·.constitute Code;·. . . . . . - . . . ')'.;'
. t~e off ens\~ a'i(~eqairedin .~he-~tafute arid it·is ·not·. f. By 8mne~ty; · . · · ~ : .: : . . . .. . . : . . . '. : . j
·n~cessary to follow the. ~~act. lang1,1age .0f the .. g. ~Y .t~~ Oeath qf the conv,ct1. ~~, to. p_ersqnal J•
statute. (PAMARAN;·sµpr~at 425). · · · ~_en.~lties; .am.t:.a? Jo.· p.~c~mary: .p.en.albes, -\~
· · , .· , · . . . · ·· . h~b1hty. therefa,re·1s exttng~1sh.ed t>nfy.when. }fl
.There. ri/no.. d.oubt that.the f~ct~ ~~nsid~red as . t.tie deatn·.of ~e offend.er oc~urs.:b~fdre··final: ··:~
proven by the.lower' cpi:Jrt·.this court' constitute. Judgment; and .' ' ', .' ::::w
the complex crime . df-·fori;;ible abduction· with . h. a·y .§.eniic~ of. the· se.ntence. ·. :,J
rape/·Tti.e: me.re all:egation thc1t .t)'le · acc·used · · ·. · · · · ·· · , .J
cohabited··with {he co·mi:;l~ina.nt·,-_-witl'louf-her' ·• Note: Where the last day. of the-pr.escriptive· '~.
. consent, d0es not concret~ly describe the crime period for. filing" an Information i_s a su·nday or· :!.!
of rap·e In :l:!h.Y of It~ fOtms· wt)ich: .. according ·10 legal 'holiday, the. lnfo;rfi'~tion. C.BfJ' Q.o _Jong¢': /)e .'~
art!cle 335 c;if the.Revi·sed.Penal Cod~; are: the flledon the next worl<mg df!Y. The·remedyis for .-:'~
use forye .or ic:itimidatiori·: . that- th·e woman is· the}fscal or pros.ecution to file the Information on. ·~
deprivsd of reason-or ptl)erwlse unconscious; or . the last:wor.king day befor~ the criminal offense :-.-,:t 1"'.'
that the vietim is :t.1.nci'ertwe!ve years ,qf ag~. even _prescri~s (Yapdiangco v. Buencamino, G. R.,:
though .i;ieith~r of. l~e circumstances ~boxe- · No. L-28841, June 24,. 1'983)- . · .. ·. · · : . :j·'i.
/
.· ..] :~
:~
600 ·, .2019 SAN SEDA 1:..AW Ctl':ITRALiZEDBAR OPE?ATlONS
·JJi
- CRfM,I N·A.L- ·PROCE,D:U·R:E:.
· . . . BAil OPERATIONS·:..-r,,iEMORY°AID.w1i
SAN'·BEDA L.A.W.C£NTRALIZED . . . . ·
· 8. That lt C.pntain~ ~verments,· which if -True, ju~fsdiction of. ·-the . court, . none Involved ·: the
would: ·constitute a· L~gal. · ·Excuse ·. or . amendment.of an Information before arralqnment
. : Justification . . . ·(Dio
. v, people,: G.R. No.. 208146,
. .J.ilne' .8, 2016). .
Exam ples are · the · · averrnents of.-. facts · Me; ~rr~lgnm~nt: . Qe_fe~ts · whi~h .fall t~ e~~~tilish
cortstituti_ng: . · · ·. '. .that, the court has jurisdlctlon are lrnpermtsstbte-.
a. · Justifyi_ng clrcurnstances (Rl;\/l;>EO PENAL . . . .. . . . ' - ...
·
' .. : A~ a~p~ad~rnri~l~a-i~-SE:-OP:.0~-~~ entir.~ i~_~i;,?;;:t~~ib: . ~~;~i;~
· fo~ rev1e'!"' · o_n a.n_Y. qu~stmr:i,mclud1r:ig o_(J~Y_n~t:';-,(r"•;~~:..:!r}i>""!'"Aq_(~Jho~1ty1<?-do ·s_o; .
O_ffic~r.;~.ofilecph~ lhf~r~~ti~~had:
. . :· .. : . : · . . . · :
.raised· bY, {be parties. The. ap~el_lant;9?\!!.ih1otbe '.v IJ · . . 'aS"'-Tna~~ldoes i:iot e0nfol11) substantially to the ·
plaeed in ·double jeopardy when tl)e CA modified~L.:.J· f. . . _ .pre§'er1bed for.m; cir · . ·
. · tl\e·ruliii_g i,11. t,tr~·RT~:(Pegpfe·~. ~6dft.s((G:R:
. _1fJ9850; September 24, 2014)'49
· : .. _- · .. · · . · ·· · .·. · .
'>~-Nj_-,,,.,~f
-
. A-:{.P. .-·.· 1r~'-.:,t;- ~- j.
!\ . .
.,,If
d:- T_'l,at_ff,~re .. .ttian -0n~. _off~~s~ is·. ch'arged, ·.· ·
... : ttie.n,u tH~- court, may :Order that another
. . lfttorgiati~!') ;,e.: filed or ah_ amendment.
. .(:;,ee ·discuss_ion~under ,r_~i{i.A 17,_t~P· 7).. _. " . ;_~ -~,__}he':pf~~::~.!'Ide,-~s:the ca~e may,l:)e_, within
, · · .· · v. / ,cu:v-.,.._.,1:,.-~ · ~:----... · ·A \-~,c<a"'.?[efli'iJfe·'P-eWod~· . · · • · ··· · · .
:_:. -SECtiON_ 4 ... ~E.NDMENT ·cf~£?JY1FiKAt.NT~ [?1·'l _~•iii;~J,:i~ti,?6~d.~:r:is -~~~e. and the aCC?L!~e~
INF.ORMATION . ' . .. ... --:.-,~ ...'\).' . F iJ . . ,s_ Jl') cu~tody,-. h(t sh_an.. n_ot. -~e: .
. .-: , .. . . . . ·. .. . . . : .\!.· i'. ·_);j- .. ·. . !'!I""7,7f::'=;.t . _-· _d1scha,:g~cl u_~les:s ad1m~ted. to b;ul;
1::- If.th_~ m9t1on _to quasi\ 1&- bas~d o,~:-~_.alle~ed.:-_...:":\iv/{~,~~S--..:-.:;or:·.. : . ·· :· . -, . . :·. . .. · . _. : .. : -
defech>r the C.ompfalnt or lnfor~~t!on ".Y.hlyfi::....,_J_t.2..-~:i,!.~h':-'t:lIf such order ·rs not -made; or ·1f .h.avmg.
. '?~n:.-b~·cured bY·-~-"!elidm_ent, thE{c.our._t/s.l'laJI· · · · b~en made,-another l_nforrn~tion __ is Rot
.-_ pr_de,rthat-;,m a_mendmel'lt be made'!~1~j filed . wjthin th~ time ,.specifie~ · in the ·
2'. If the. m_otioo-:tq quash is. based 011 tt:ie."ground order; ·or within s1,1c'1. _tirtje a.s·.tne cqurt .
·that ._the. fa~t)!i_. ~harged do riot constitute an·_ -~ay_al!ow for." ~oo_d.CqiJse_; t~e accu~ec!.
offens~.· .the prosecvtion .shall be- given .by the _. ·.. · '.if in -custpay, ~Jlall · be dls:Ch~rg~d · .. :.-
··. court an· ·opportuflity_ .. to ·correct the defect· by." _·. · therefrom, ·-unless . h!,t '.Is :also._ in ·
..am·endment. · . . ·. . .. . · ·. :(]l,l.$tOdy_for some. other charge .. ·.
·. 3 .. In both·instances,'the mofion·to q·uash shall be. . . .. · ., ·.. , · · ·
. _· g~bted if:_ '··. _. · . . · . : . 2. If tt-)_e 'moti9n_to.gua~h:-issusta,ir:ied'.t.Jpon any of
. a. '. Ttie · prosecution · fal.ls . to . ·make ; the ·the folloiNiQQ grounds: .. · ·. t · . · · . ·. -_
. {.: ·.. . ~mendrr:ie:~t; of ' . . . . . . . . : ·. . ·a·. :that a criminal ac;Jion or, liabillty. has p!3en
· b-•.. Thi3 Compl~int .'or. Information ·_stjll ·suffers extinguis!)ed; : -'. . · ·· . .
from the same· defect-despite amendment. b. That- it"" contains avertn~n.ts·. which,: if true.
. . .. . . . w,qi.!ld c;onstitute." ·.a · 1~ar" . excuse cir
to
.Am~n-ciment \ie~t'J1:1riscti~tio·n~~er the-Court· jl.istificati6f1;· cir__ · ·
·. Be,for'e arralg11rrierit:".°Defee,~ which fail t<_> esta~l!sh · . c. tt:-iat the . accused has· ·been . previ()!JS(~
th'at)h~ -court has jurisdiction may b1f amended. · ' · · co.riv.ict~d. or:··. acq·uitfed of .- the offense
·· -- · · · · · ' · charg~d. · : · · .
..Th~re'. is ~~ ·1~a1. b!=!s.is. t<.> r~vei-;e the c~urt: of · · :.. The court musi _state-;: in- its. o·rcter. grantirig
App,eals' ..det~rminatiqn that" the· defective . . . ·.the motion, toe. release of tl:le ace.used.if
lnfprmatioa may· b~ amended· before arraignment he is in custody ol'the-c·ancellatlon "of.his .
.Although the . cases petitioner cited· involve:d· bond· if h.e is on ball. -. · · ·
defective Information ·that failed to establish -the
· c·RtM.l·NAL.:PROCEOUR;E
.. . ·- ·: SAN BEDA u.w. cENTRAUlfD BA~ pPUIAiloNS. -.. MEMORY Aio·20,.9.
.....
. _
...
being·-. · no valid Another .lntormatlon fbr · .The ... <>nly i~s.t~~ce· when , double jeopardy :wiil not
. termination of the: first the same acts' may not ·. .attl;lc~· is. when the trial court acted ·with. grave
jeopardy, the · · right be filed ~thout vtol13Ung · a!)use of discretion- amounting .tolack.or excess of
against· double :jeopard},'. the right of theaccused '. ji.Jris.diction, such a$. ·where the. prosecutlori 'was
m~y . ·.'.(lot · be· in.vo~e'cl' ag~inst · double' : . denied the cppcrtunity to present its 'case ·o(. wher.e .
(Cere~o v.'.Pedpl~_1'G.R. jeopardy, unless · the · the.tri~! was .a:s~am. However, while· certiorari.may:.
No. 18523{),. June 1, acquittal· was void.Aor beayalled of tocorrect an erroneous ecquittal, the:
201.1). . · · liaving been dbne(with petitioner in such ~·n extraordinary proc·eeding:.must'.
' ,grave .· ' abuse . . 'of clearly' demonstrate ., th_a't the 'trial· court blatantly :
' . : discr~~ofr:amounting to ·- ' . ~,bu~ed its aulh,o,dtyto _a point so.qrave as to deprive-
. lack 'or· · excess . 6f .. ·. . 1t of its v~ry pow~~ to. dispense justice _(People v. (,Jy,
:' .j.urisd[ction.,··.(Peop/~
' . ff
·v. .: G.R. '
No.
.
'1981p7, •'S,eptember30, 2005). · ''. .. ·.
~.
. ·· '!r,.:G.R/.No. "15p151, ... ·. : ... ·. . ·:. . . .. · . · .. · ·.·.:
· · · ·Septeirib-er.·3o, 2005). . ·.. -: . Third R~q':Jisate-:-:-Ther ~·ts a Se~onr;t.Jeop~rdy:,
- · ·· .,.· · ·. · · · · • .. . · There-rIs identity. b.et~e~n two· offenses (iiecdnd_ ;
· [eopardyjwhenthesecond offense: (SAFP) · ·
. pis!'Jlissal.wfth E~pre~s :Cons·enf of t'he.Accused. . .1. · The Same offense·:·; · ...· :
.· Expr~ss ·consent to a· pmv1sional dismissal is. given . to
.' 2'. .. An ~ttenipt commi't the said offen~e(.
either v,va voes orin writing .. lt is a posltlve, eirect, · · 3. .A!;rustration of:the said offense;' .. .
.~.nequivoyal consent. ,requlrii")g : no. lhfEf~E;?qce· 9r·,,(.'; 4:: .. Aryy. offerse whi.ch· neces&arily'!ncludes-the first. ·
·1mp!!c-~ti0h· !o suppl.Y. its rneaning·(P~ople v.. Lacso,#~f;/' : . : offense~charged;,or · ... , ·. . . . · : . · ... · · · ·
: G.R'. .No. 149493, Oc_tober 7,.2003); · · :. _. ., · · "f,~~'!f({"'t'l. : ~. -. Any off.ens~·which,necessarily !ncluded the first·
· · . . ·: . .'· · . · · , ... , '. · ,l:'f·l:\:.;:~~·l . · .
offense .ch,?.rged (Teehankee:v. Madayag.'G.R.
.Genera.t ~ule: A-disjnissal with the express··c6hs~rifl;-;.fr¥.t-.'.~,'.-,.No .. ·101;1.02~ Marct7· 6,. 1992f · ·. ; . . .. · . · ·:
.r:.~x~:
accuse<:i: ha~ ·~een ae:quitted .
of C~n:>ented At>~uction,. t.le may st~II be conv1.cte~ .of ·
1'9H.&'hfied.·.S'e.du~tion :f~erez·-_v. CA,· G.R. Wo. ·80838,'
. filed by ·the accu:>ed ·.after·the pro~~l'.i'uon·l).a~;.t.~r.u.\N~.Y~~~~f29,.1988), .·.. · : · . _ ... · '"-•· .. : ·
rested· or ·· . . ·· .<--~l '-' · )'(i7"~---,--. . ~d"'~~ · ·,, ·.. : · • · · .. ·-- · '
i. Disrnl~sal due ,to• the denial of acclile~'sIJ{iht to : ' .on·e' Offense· .Ma/um In Se, th~ Other' Ma/um
. speedy." .. frtat ahd; .disposition·: o{~,t~e,1t.'case~'. -'P.rohih!tum ·. - . .. . .. ·. . .
. ' (Cond~da'' ·v: ·. People; ·... G.R: iib::',)41646, ' . ' A.J5E?rs0n who.is convict~o of illegafrecruitrri~nt m~y·; ' :
FebriJar:y _28, ··2003; ·caesji.: JAG;: ·G.R. Nos. ·· · ·.in ad<;lition, be -convicte9 of estafa under Article 3'(5;.. ·
. ":7.4989~90, 'No.vember6,."198.9).. . · · .. ·. .. ' ·, p~ragraph:·2·(a).·of the- RPC .• 111.th'e .same manner, a.,'.· .
3. Proyis.ional .. dismissal. lhat'. has .. beccim.e . perSOA,a'<";.QUi~ed·.of.illegi;il i'ecruitirfent may· be..h~ld ·
perm~l)ent.d'!~ t,o:appUca~iOhJ>f_th·~tlrn~_barTUle:. .''. · 'lia_bJe: f<;>r :e~{afa:, D~ul;>le J~0pc1rdy. will·· not· s~t'dn: . .'
' · (People y .. LaG$On, G.R. No,: 149'453/Apri/ 1,. . b~cause ille9aL reeru1tment ,s fT!Blu_m ,pr.._of/ibitum, in
· ·2003).... · ...... · :- ., . . ·, .. · . ·. · .. · ·. · , . . which lhere is no necessity to prove criminal jhtent;
· .. .. ,.. . ·. . . . . . · -.yhereas e.stafa iS.·fr?B.iUIJ'.l °ii7 ~e,. in the prosecution. of
N<>te;- ~tier~·.d~fhi.l~ier to :e~id~rice was _granted' ~bt . ·. · .., Which, pr.oof:.of crim1rja1· intent i.s · neces~ar.y_ (Sy v.
. on lacl(ofe~1dence atterJt,e:pr;o~(;lcutio9 has rested; ··· · · ·Pe,op(e; ·G,R. No: 183879, April 14, io.fOJ.' ,·
but ~n 1.a~.k. Ofjt;Jrisdi9iic>r:-t. ov~r ,h~ offeri!;Et ~h'arQed: · · · · ·
the sam~ .i$ in.the nature of a motion to. quasli: lfwill ·. ·second. Offense N'~ces;~rily· lriclride~ the· Firs~
. n.ot be a bar to the filing qf anothe,r Information Offen~e! Exc~ptions:·: ·. · ·. ·: ' · . · · . . ..
. (Asistio v P~pl~; G.R, No. 200465, Apr/(20,:2015).. .1. ·. The· · gr.ave( ·offense ·. developed .· due.· fo ·.. ·. .
. ..' · · .· . ,.. : . · : .. ·· .. · · .superveningJacts .affsing irom the saine act or
Acquittal· .. : :.''. : omlssiOJ'! ·co~stitutin.Q the.former. chargej ·.
In our. Jurlsdic\ion, we ·adher:e to. the.· finality-of-·. · · ''!;!. · The fact~ constituting the graver charge became
aC!ll,!ittal_ qoctfine, that, f~, a· judgment of }!CQ.Ulttal ·. -·known Or Were:discovered only after a plea Was· .
is final · and ·utiappealable · (Peopfe · v.· Alejandro,, · entered ir1 ttie,,former Complaint ·or. Information;·.
G.R. No. 22,3099; Janua,y~t1:,,.iq18): · · · or ·
... . . . : _. :::·:..~( :,·:· .
-~
1
. . . ;pr-ovisiolial dismissal of th~ casef. . . . . . ' . .. . . . . . ,.";,;
. ·3: Tbe court ·iss1,1es ,an· order- granting, the motion The-fallu~e to a.ssert any.ground of a, n:iotlon !~ quash. .·j
, and·dismissing the:c?ise· pi-ovisloria]!y; and· . · before. he pleads, .eittier. beci:'!use ..h.e did. not.file a ---·.j
4·, . The public prosecutor i~ secved with a· copy of motion to qu_ash or failed ·to. allege ·th~ same in said . ·. t
the order of provisional dismissal of the case moti':m; .shall be _deemed a waiver of any objections. :':j
. . . .. ~s
. .
...·.··,,.
. -;l
.except: (NoJ-JE'DI).'.•I . . ..3, and so. on. The;~ affidavlts ~hall ser~e as direct.
1. · That the facts doNot constitute an.offense.'. te'stimonies of the.accused and his witnesses when
2·: That-the cour(trying'the·casetias_no Jurisdiction ·tney appear before thecourt to testify (A.M., 12-8~8_-·
. over the 'offense charged;·. . . ; . . .· . sc... Sec. 9)i .. · . , . '. ·. · . . · . - . . . ..
.· 3. Jhat tile crijnlnal liability has beeh §xtingulshed;
and . .. . . Note: The Rev/sed·'C3uldelines-for Continuous Tiiais ·
·.·. 4. ·. That the defendant would be .piac~d in '.Double {A.M .No. ·15~06~10-SC) .-provides· tot: new 'rules ."
· · [eopardy' (ROQ, Ryle 1 ;t 7,' Sec: 9);. and· . · . . . · ret;arcling · forms . ol . testimony, · .including . -Ju.dicial
• · 5." ;f.h~t th~ officer who fil~'d [nformation had .no. affjoallits, See:. discussion·. under. 'the .Revtsed
authority to-do s9 (Qulsc1y' v. People, .'G, 'f?. 'No.: ,Gl}ideli~es for comlnuoue Trials. · · · : · ·
·,. ·' ·: 216.9_2.01\fanu;;:,~.13; 2016). . .. ; ·. · ·. .; .
', . · · . · · · · ·.SECTlpr.f.··1-::a: PRE~.TRIAL;.· MANQATORY 1N
;. The_ .. defend~~e~--~i~a
a
to
.the Jnf6r-r;nati~n Is 'not a.
· · ·. walver {O fil~ motion to 'quash o'n"the grpund :of lack.
CRIMINAL CASES. · ... ··. ·
·. ~·urp.os·e~·'pf~~e~t.rfal. : : · . .
:i .' of jµri.~di~tion·.By. express-provlsion ofth~- ru.le~.and · 1: 'To simplify the .lssues of the· case; -, . .
~:-· PY a 'loi:ig 'line of. declstons, qt.i~stlc;:>hS. of Wc\nf of -2. To .shape ·1.11{the ~~stim;onie:i and documents· to
jufisdictiqn ,_m1;1.y be . ralsed ·· at ..any. s_tage of the . .presente.d at trial; .a Ad. · · ..: · . · .
,proceErding~ (People v. · Gartin-, 'G.R: ·No. 153f76, . :· .:.... 3: _.T9·g.el')~rally_·c1Eiar_.~rid'orgaqize.tfle·desk.ofth1:f,
March ~9. 20~4). ,.. · · · ·· parties for th~ trial (PA MARAN, supra at- 495), .
.... ·;··:·.,A·. · .... ·.·. · ... · . . . . . .- · .
..,..........._ .......~ ....._., .... .____ ,.... ._ . .._.~.,...;.;·.1()(,
.. Pre-Tcla! lri C~~ifd.ases v.'Pre-Trial.in C.r\minaf"
/·1.r.t\ ,_. ,.
· .,{,.1~ . -· ·.. Cases·
)i:u~~:
.T 1 · ri,8
. . . .. . ·\} .• -t.i~'r!l'f.~~-J
-.11:1,
P
. RE."'. R AL · f ;J?:{f'.;.,;
. - ·>(/
· · .. ':f. ·,4 \_i ip:"'-
. JU . c··IAL .. AF. .. •. . . >-:;>,.. : . . ~~ [1 ..
. . or . i:m~VffRULE .. -:r-r .f .<' ,;•.rl ~.. . . . ,f I .• . . ....•.•• · .
(A ..M, No:. 12.-B><tl'~SC) .. . . .: /2,ft:--. · · /: . . -, -,.. The ~ pr~:~ _c~1 of .. the. T,h_e.~_c_cu.sed:·,~·mereiy
·. · .. . · . · ·. · ·A.,.··U-· · k'!'i;d.f. , . t.;t ·
.~ef~hcfan.~ . ·IS 't/equ,red,. requrred to sign. tl,!3.
Applicatl~n of-Ru.I~ to:cnmirJ~(~~iqn;_;f[b'e-:g:_gJ,;:~ '·,·;\ ~~li3s~ // h~.-'-·:i~:.· .._d.u[y_ ~rJ_t~en·. ·. a~t~en:ie~t
This rules.hall ~pply to.all·.crim1~·'!-w~\(MAP.>.·. ~
1. · Where _the _Maxirnum. of l~ impo~~~ pen}Rl~. ·
:t.
:A .
-
r.~pre~1~tedJL!~~i!.Pr,~~ a~nved-.at :_m . :th?. pr~~·,
ry,$
tr.1~1-,,'\~<j?~~e?1fr.'!'!!1t~.- y1c1I r.nnfer~nce, if~~· 1s ..
· does,not exC!3ed 6. ye_ars; _._ .,....,,~::,,· ·~\ .. _.. v :-:j ;·t{ · 'Coun_s~I-wlf{(U)e-:-re~u,~1te .I~ co~f(?rn,1tyther_ev.i~tfl,
2 .. · ~here fhe a.:ccli~_ed~grees.to·\h~u~ ~t·Judicifu1 . l;,-/ !3uttio_nty ._to .. e._oter· •.~t?. a unle~:3 _.. . ~th~~1se.
··a~davits,~h'res'~e9.tive.?~the peria1t~(irii!9.l}1~d/ or,. hi~.
,~g~P.~~mls~... agreem~nt. ~e,qu1re~ by the ~ourt.
3. With re.spect to. the _g1v1l.~spec_t_1?'f.'tt,1~....,i::ic~l9..~~_d~Jt;)~,~l~~,t',.in.~1th~r of ~ht.ch.
what~ver..th·e·penalties involved ar..e0 ·· '/~,,. .,. . ·· ·the.oas~'-Snall- proce~d-as
_. · . . _, · . . · .· ... \~·.}. (' I~ ·. . · If the de,f7.ndant,has be~n
·su_bmisslon .9f -:Judicial: Affidavits,~$yt·tl\e·
Prosecution,·· · ·: · . ·.
}he pi'ose~utio~ .shall.subll)if the juc;lic/~I affic:l~vits .of
'
· declared def~ult. · ·
' . !!i
,;·m1111111m1m
it~. witnes~_es nQt: l~~er than ~ ·days before th'e· pre~ . The preserice bf. the' Th~ .presence .of th.e . : .
trial~ serving copies of tt:ie'·sanje'·uport ·the,accused. plair.itiff is· requ1red at
t~e private ·cjffe.nded:
Tfie.compJaina(')ror pubJic prosec·utor sh.all a.ttach tb p're:fr(af 1.mles~ · excused party is not required i:it : ··.
the affidayiis ,su.cJf_do9\,lme,ntary ~,cobject evidence therefrom for Valid. ~aus:e the . pre-trial. lnsteaq,'· ..:_ ..:
as he.may have',11'.larking them.as E~hibi~A.·a;._c, . or 'if•. he. is represented he. . is r'equ!r~cr to.. /
and s·o·ol). No further j1,1dicial a·ffidavit, documentary,· · , ·therein.. by ~f person ·'fully appear . at · the,,: ·
·· or object evidence shall be':admnt~d at the trial.(AM;- ~ut~oriz.ed.'. in writing. : to arraignrneni. o( : the ": .
12-?-B:-SC, S~c. 9J: · ·,. ·· ; . . . · .: ..... perform the,acts. specified accused . for purpos.e,s. ..... ;
.' . : . . . fn 'Sec:' if,.Rule ·1 a: : . ·. •. ·of . -plea. b!)rgaJninQ:.· . : :_;:,
· . ·s1.,1brriission . of Judicial · .. Affidavits .by_. .. t~e· . . · · determination of. dvil · -;: ·
· Abs'ent -such justification,. li~bllity; · and . ~th~t: '_:".;
Accused ..
If the ·accused 'desires fo-·be. hea:rd on his· defense t.he. .case . 'inay, be matter:s .requiring'•his, "'.. ·:.
after r.~ceipC··of· the -~ judicia·I affidavits of . tfie dismis'~ed· With or without' presence. ·.::· -:·
prosecution, tie shall have the option-to submit his .. prejudice_: . . '•t;o:'':
.'' . .-.
judicial affidavit a:s well -a.s thos~- of his witnesses to . . Should . he · fail
. · tht) court within· 10· days •from ·recelp("of such _appear . ·f<:>( : ·::
affidavits arid'serve .a.copy of each·on ttie public.and ·. ·arraignment·; ~·n4. t~.e.,
pfivate prosecutor, induding his ·docul'ne11tary.. and · · accused offers t0:pleact : .
object e1tide_nce_previously' marked as Exhibits. 1,, 2, . ., guiity . to a' . lesse:r
·-----···-·------------------~~---~--'
CR.1,M·.1:N.AL· eROC.ED·U R:E
SAN BEDA LAW C£f.lTRAL1ZE,D BAR OPE~ T/Of'IS - M£"10(?Y AID 2'!19
'6ffe'~se· .' · necessprily Sec, 23 · of-: R.A. 'No: 9165, . disallowing ·. plea
included iii tlie 'offense .. · bargaini.ryg in :drug :cases,.. i!S ..· unconstitutional for fi.
charged, lie . may . be being qontrary to .the ·n,i1e-:maki!')g · autho~ity · of the
allowed to do . so with Suprem~ Court under-Section 5(5); ArticleVl(I of the
.th4;)· co.hformity' ·of the · 1987 Constitutic,m (f=stipona, Jr, v: Lobrigo, G:R. No.
!rial prosecutor alone.·. 22667~, AUfJt1Sf15, '2017)... ·:
I
4. Wa1~ero~obJ~cbon? to.{d~~~1!1.t~-ofJvi~enc~;~~rilianJ~~~~ts l~ss tfi.aJl D.angernus pru~s: .. · · :);·
5. Modrfic~tlOfl ~f.the ordef_Ofr,illfl).lf t~ei G,C'OS~'9-.~ .,··.:. ~300 <fira~~·· ··.f~-·'(/ ~ .··. ·.~· . · ,, · ·\
. . ··admits-.· the charge .. O,U\_ (l;llteijese . .<~~'ta~wwfu~,
. . detense{reve_rs·e·tr1~1);.~n:~.· .. · '\ . ~s\~~
J: i:-/,d;~~-,.
~ ' ·,}'. ·.
·,1'.~-9~,'~.:12../,~rs a~#-1
.t;- .. PEin~lty~6 months an'd 1
to
.da..y 4 years ari~.a tine · ·.. ·.~t
6.. Other ?natter~ that.· w1!l._'f~omo~e\_a.f~.,~/a.._t?'~~/.:-<'fj(y.~: 20 X~~r.s;ancl>'fine.rangiil.9 from_P,1'.0,000_ t(?· .· q;
.
e~ped11iOUS· tnal of. lhe .. c1v!I ~d cnm1r:ial a. CT ~I:, -r: lf?."!.9t.ng,.Jfom f1ri# fro.m PS0,000. .
of the case (~OC, Ruf~ 118, ~q._..1).
. ·. ·. . . .
~:":'~:£ENJ
.: '..IQ~ ....
:p3n~OOO\l:o._e4no,ooo:
-='' C-•·"":~ ~ 'IY >~,;,>'. .. .
..
. .. '
·.
· .. -· ... . . .
.
. · ·
. .. J,~
/i·l
"'
When to _con~udPre-l'ria·, . · -'._. ·~. , .·.v 7- ..· --. , ,. .s~~\\JtY par'... :2.' ~.ec.' ' .. ~·1_; p~,.., ;t . "l
.Afl:'?iQnment an~ Pre-trial..sh$11 be:s~t· 1if.eaj._~jar lVft. '~·~J_£~s1on. ·. · of P~s.sess1on. ·.-. .of ,.
d~ys fr<:iri'.l ..date·.of.lhe:bourt.'s rec¢1pt.of·the caseT6r-=:.E? : ~r:igetou_s .. · ·. Drugs D~ngerous Drugs ..' .~l
·a ttetained~ fjccused, ~n·d. withl.ti · jo caJ'end8r da}is· · (Where · quantity of : . . · . 'i
· ,from the· date the coyrt acquire~ Jurisdictiof"! over a shat?u, · · opium; :Penalty.:·1 Z years·~nd -1 . ··1_t,~.
'non·~c:1eta.ine~ ·accuse~. (1;M .. No:_ 15~06-1.Q-SC; mo~hin9:,· ···. l}E:}foin,. day _to 2?
Y_ear,s.anct· a . ,.f.'J
· 'Sul)heading Ill, i{.em·no: 8). · · · cpc_aine 1s 5 gmms·-or .fine· . ·.·ranging · ·from . · .. · .: ,
. . · · , · : more ·. .·.-· bul . not P300,000 l,o P400,000. · _:,fj
~1e~s~r9 a1riil'.li · < :,. · ·; ·-.·. · . ex<?eeain·g10 ~ram_s).;'-: · · '· .;·,· · · · ·:. · · · -
· (See discl.Jssion_ln Buie 116, Sec.· 2)-
.. · ·.Penalty: -20 years tci life
. . . ·.. ,· ·. . .
· · :·. ·· ·
·_J
,!\
Penalty; 20 years-to life ·.. . Imprisonment to :oeath.l diiy to 4.yea_rs and'a fine
-fmprison,nent and, ·fine· arid "fine ranging from ranging from P10,000 to I
ranging ,ftom. -P.400,000 · • PS00,009 _- :, '· · to ·1 P.50,000 ..... ' •..
.to P500,Q_OQ·.. P1~.ooo.ooo_ : ·. ·I . :·· · .·. · ·.
sec, 12 .. Possession of Sec. Use 'of . ·-is:·-··
Equipment, , Apparatus D_angerous O.ru·gs, . .2;
SEC;1·6~ PRE~TRIAL ·AGR.E-~M~Ni
and Other P.araph~rnall~· · . . . Alfagre~me.~tsor admlsslons orentered into made.
.. for Da_n·gerous Or:ugs. : pen_alty: · If accus·ed during the pre:.frial.conference·st1a"ilbe: .· . . . .
' .. . .. admits . drug . use; or.. ·, :. i. -R_educedto\'.iriting; an.d .. .. .. . .
:Penalty:-_6monthsandt. found.posltlve after drug 2.: · Signed-by tfie accused 'and his counsel.
· day to 4· ·years arid .fil)e• deoen"dency·test: · · . . · · c• ' • • • • ··: •• • •• • • • • • ~ • ••• ••
. . rar:igir_'lg from P.16.;qoo. to: ,6 months treatment and. Otherwise··the ·sa'me·.shaunot. b,e used· i~ evidel'lc~.- ·. ·
P5{),000.. -. ·rehabilitatio~. .. . .·.·· : .·. again~{the accused:·. -: .. :.·, ·: . . . '. · .. · ;_ .
·<f.. • • . ._, •• . . • ,' •.•
. .. . ,Uflderg~.. '. cou!1sell~n$_ ' ·. . . ·. have ~nt~_r'ed:into; 9(which any _pe·rso'.n·may.ascribe ...
, · pr:~Q~m at reha_bilitatio~.,J,.;t} · t~. ttw_
·acc\,ls~? ":"ithou"t,.his~n·9wledge,-as .h~ may
·- · · _ ., ···. _: .. ·. . cent~r. . ·. ~- . . . /.~-. t: -~-:-\
haVtf~aiyecj _h1~·pr'1s~nc~ aphe p(~-trial:coriference. _ . _.
Sec: 1~., Pqsses~ii;m_?f _Sec. ··JS_. . Use· f- .•~.''~;:r·!;, (~~qple v:·
~illf!:'1ueya,_ G.R. No._ 18_1849, S~ptem_ber ..
Equiµ,ment,. Appa~at.~s D_angerqusDrugs.. :~ '(, ;·~.,1.i:1 /·
_2gtp). ···,r,.,__ · . . . : ·:·· .· · . · · · ·
and.Other ~ar:ap!lt:1n:iaha , · ·· . . ...,-:;' I. ·d·7'~·-,2" ~l:-- _· \11,l · . ··. • . · · · . ·
f.ot . Dangero\i·s 'Drug·s 'Penalty: .,Jf ~.ac'c{isecl;'~·fl·'~ 'No~e....1f~~$.f'I~ fo_r.~tip~lat10.n_ss~_all.Qe ~.c;>ne w11!1 ..
<;iuring Parti°e~. . Social" ·admits . dr;uq>·.Sse, or >\.,.. J~ .
the active_P~~~1pat\Of\Of!~e t?OUrtJt_s~)fa.~d ~tJa\l not
_Gatheriflgs __ o.r ~e_etlngs. !ound oositive"'~tter drugi ~-~'-~1: < 00 l~ft,aro.~~~0·\heco_yn_sels:(~.M. _No. 15-,96'-_10-~C,_
··. · ·. · . ' · · de·pendenc;y,te~t.:ii:-,;:~_!... . ,~) ~.ubhi;-f!<!'J,. l~l, 'ft!;m 'JC!: _Bl: ·: . . . . .. · .. , . . ..
-Penalty_:~-.: . !'Aaxi_mu~· 6 _ m.q~~t\s~freattp~ru,.,an1 t-;\ -=:S~~TI~~ ·3: ~o~-..APPEA~NC~_AT- P~E-tRl.AL.
penalty 10 Se~tion 12.
. .
ret.i,~B1J1t~t1<;>i:in:"'
.
· -· ~
''·:.,.~;, . -6--·,,.,,, . ,.. .
.f.r:-.;j
;~_, CO~Ec~'"'i::t.i..J.e.:· -'Iii ·.
--~ . :;>l.ll~ ·=·/hr.;,
· _. .. · ·.. · ··
.
·· · . •
· · . ·. . •,-,,' - 1, ,,..,_ ~i"--,.. · • · _,i.,. ~-' ~l.;<t-''.",• '
· 'l' 1.'jj>"
· · · · · · ·
.
• •
.
•
.- .
If accuaed1•••.
.,
1e,: fouAw- · . [:';.."1 · · ·. . ··E~~..;.,o:•~.it
fa tt:. A ':ii,'; l- '-..r•u-:J F
· . . · · - · . .
0
--------------·----··----------------------------------~--·
.·· SECTION- 4. P.RE-TRIAL ORDER. li_!:>~I, by means . of
'v . '• ••• . .• ·-
. writings . . or . slmil~r
Afte( the pre-trial conterence, th·e court shalt issue -me·~hs under ·, Ari. "355;
an. 'order reciting the actions taken, the facts · .. :. RPC;. . .. :· ... ·-,
stipulated, and evidence marked. S1,1~h order sh~II: . ·2. Threa:t~nlng' to .
pi1bllsh
1. · Bind the parties to Issues raised therein; . · · .
2. Limit the trial to matters. not disposed of; and . ·-,
. .. and .··o(fer : to
present
·. _:". such . ~~blicat1on. · for·
· 3. Control the course'· of
the 'acti~n _du,:ii)g_ ·.trial, · • · compensation·underArt.
unless modified ·by the court to prevent manifest · .; · 356·, RP.C;; · · . . .
Injustice._. . ... . . ·: ... .3. ·. Prohlbltad - · publication
. '; : 'of acts. r'efen:ed'to in the
The pre-tfi~i-orc;ler shall im~ediat~ly ·b~-.s~rv~d upon · ~":,. . :course"·. . . ·"Of • official·
· the parties .and counsel on the same :day after th~... · ;' ·. p.i'~ce.ed'iiigs : uri<;1,er .· Ji.rt.
terrnlrratlon of the pre-trial (A.M. No •. 15-06-1_0-.SC,~ . - .... ·357 R.PC· .
Subheaqlng II!, item no: 8). . · · .. ·· . ._- · . ·_·. 4: ' Grii~e ·:· s'1ander.: (G"rave
-, . '..oi:a1 . ·o~famatro.ri) . - . or. · 0,
.J
.. · -s~~IO\JS. ··an<:f · in_s.ultir:,g 1.,,
. : : · nature , under Art. . 358, '~
. . : par. :f, RPC; . j,1·
5.:. ·s1mp!e -$1ant;fer .. (O_ral · '~
·· .·.·. Oefa"mati.on_)··..:. ·not" of a · •. } 3
. · ·. -~-~_ric;;°L!s: a.rid .. insulting :·.. t
·.: .-.".:')'!;3t9.r~:. i:Jr,c;l~r f\11. 35~. . '-Jj
'c. par. 2, .Rf:'<;;;_... ._. · _ .- '
~~t'.~r=~~~~t:~:r
,v
i~~~~~~- . .1
-Art, 3S9,_ par. 1, RPG,. ·· ~{
. t.. ~ Sla11de:1r by Dead - not of r,
J·~ ~ $~rf9us. 1)atu1i u_)1der· -~,.j
J
· -~ A.rt: 359, par,. 2, RPC; · .. - .
·a_:-: iricrimiiiating·: innocent
~"'< i persol_l-" und(jlr Art_. ~(?3,
·;,{;
. 1'·
· "i
-~{. ~~;{~·ii~~ aga_iti~t h~nor · ·;";I
:f . · .i.inde.r~r;t,. 3~ •. _Rp<;;. , · . · : \";
1: . 'L:ibel · .under· R.A. ; No. · /j.
.. 1017.5 : .. ·_.:. ·_.(Cyl:iercrirrie.. /{
• · P.rever:ition ·. Act. ·..of : 20_12) · . ·~
· · wher~ fhe l(a~itity ·may"_be · :1
. -civil in nab.ire;.·. . . ·. . ·'il
pµtif! ·.
is~l,!e'in a .case;Jor.th~ P.Urpoi;,e· of_il@i~rmitl!\'.\~_s_uch :
·fl
hec!ring sha!I _proce~d·:~pon. appomtm~nt !'Y.,the .
qfa,.couns~I de_ officio (A.M.,_.N_o:_ 1&-0.fi~10-SC, , . '.
issue,.(PAMARAN;,s_upra at'502), .. \}.:_.,{.,;,1 . 1;.,.,7__._,q,9..~rt
/tl_1~;s.J~tieadt[lg 11/,.ile_m no. 13). . . ·. . ... . . . . .. .
.· - .·.. ·. ·- . : .·· ... . ·-6~. ·ifa~~t._~!'.,~·~~~l:.tt:.:J:i..t.I:J<·~)_y· .._· . . . ·.\.. .. . : . .
W~~r{Trial S~'lll Com·~Emce ;-- . . t~r:. :lJ-4° . . SECTIO_N3. EXCL~$iON~ · .'· . :., . . . .
_After_c! plea:.ot.not Q\,lllty..1~·.ent~re_d,th~. .a9~u.~!-~,~h~ll '. · :· ·. ; . · : . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . '. : .
hav_e ~t. least :1,? days ~o _prepare fodnall--"fhet,:ial Exclusions in C_ornp~tallon of-TJme w.1\hm ~tuch
shall commence witl;lir:i-30 days from rece!ptof_the triaf·mu'st·co'mmeilce:·· ·. ' . . . . .
prei:triai_ ordi:,i'. : ... < ·. ,. ·.: ;·;;. . ;_ : . . ;_;. · The 1ollowf!19,periods.c,f delay.s,h_aii' pe e~cl.tided in
.. :·. . . .. ·. . . . . . '· . ·-· ·,, ~ .'.-'.: _:, .. ·' . ·: ·.. corn'puting: the time .within . ·wtiich tri.al . niusl
. Denial.of the rigl':lttq prepare ,s reyers,bl~ :rror. 7"he ·commence:: .. · , .. · · ...
p~oper.r~fl'l~c;Jy,_ from a jud~_l"fleritof_!=On~1ct1on_µnder .1 ·.· .. 'Any_, period; of delay·.. resulting . from .. "oth~r-,
:su~h «';!,~s~ .•~. ~PP~~'::·a_rid n_ot c_e_rtlpran,t:1~~ hab~as . · proceed_in!;i'Sconcern\ng ttie acc1.is~d-, 'it1c_lu~Jng
:co,rpt.(s (Mor,fil{a-.y; -~re/lane,,: .G.R. · No .. 123,872, ·. '· but riot limiled'to·the fo.llowing: .· ·. ·; ·.
. January 30; 1998~.· .. · ...•. · . . · . · · .... , : a .•.. De!ay. resulti.ng.. fr,om·an. examTn~_tion·6! the ·
~EC~i~N.: 2. cdNTINO~us· . T~IAL:. 0.NTtl . . .. _ptiy~Jcadt:'-an,d ~en_t~.1 :_con1itio'n:.. ?f. th~
· • · .. , · · · . . accuse , · . • · .·
TER!IJIINATED; ·p~Si'_PON.~MENTS ; . . .. . b·.. : .Del~y resulting from .proceedings. :with. ·
· ·. • . · · · · - ·
· Trial once comme11ced shall cor:itinue froi:n pay to · , · res~cno.othercriminal._c;:har.ges·against tt.i.e
day ,is far .as 'practicablk·uhtil. term1n.ate.d;liut it may.' accused;· . . . · ~ . · _. -.. · · . . · · · . ,-
.. be postpo_ned for a· r.easbnabh,r p~r1od·of time for . ·. c. Del~y resultirig·from extraordinary remedies
against interlocutory orders;
good ?ause, ·: . · ·· ·., . .cl.· ·Qelay · .. ..resulting · . •. from. pre;tr.ial -....
U~ltation·of.the--Trial Periop_ . . ... · proceedings; pr_ovided,·tn.~t the delay·does
It shall'in no case exceed·1 BO days',from the fir&t d~y not exceed 30 days; • · ·· · · ...
of th'e· triai,·. except a's oth~rwise· provided by the
Supren:ie Court. . . ':
l. ·. . · ~ 7"---:_-~ . ; ~ · . · .
. . fo(a ne.w trjaJ ~ecomes filial (PAMARAN, supra at
r-;-5:i.,})f
~~J , . · . .. . !I ;..:,;.,,,..d '. · . : · . ·
s:, §~[EN6ED TiME.-LIMIT · · .· . ·. · · ·
·. · _- . _ .- .
· ·. .:
is jof11ed for trial with .a-tco-9:--~::se~e.~.r~wtiemf:==~~"" · fj"·(·. ¥~ !J - . . .. ' . - · . ·
. ttie c<?urt· t,~s :not_a~quir~1(JJirJs~ctJotf(~~-~ to~-1 Jf'.tji~~~ e~,fc ·"1.ft'f46R~EY'S.DUTIES. WHERE ·..,
· . W,h_om_the. time for trial has,not rut\~Ad~- &l{1~~~- -,~<i:C~SEDIS/IMPRISO.NED: . · . · : ·. . ., ·
· _for separate trial has.bee~\~ran_t~o,;~,- .. t. 1~~ °/"s:;Jy· ·?.:·. : · ./. ·. ·. ·.. . :_, . , . . . ·. ~
-~- .. _Any. period__o.f.d_~l_ayresultm!),fr~n:'a•c<;!p,tln · ai'}e~---=---~t~ys~_9tfon re(ers- to attorneys· 9t the Public · ·,
gran~ed Q.Y any court ,motu P'"'?"f{'°·
<:>r ~,t-,:1QQ_:ffi N:1.~Q.!"!;lE!fs 1~!f1,e~i6t. the .'?~part,ment:·of Jus.tic~ yvl)o.
. Of either.· t~~ accused 9r_. _hi~; COUIJ.?01(),_slr"'tti~~~ af$.iS•tilJ'g;a,ecuseqnot 'fil')~t~ciallycapa~le to.h;'ly_e
-p~9se_cut10~, 1f t~e C?u~ granted ilie~p~"tr~~~pce 1\-- :" ~ c;p1;Jtl$~)'.;~ftheir: <?Y>'~; Th~se p~blic a_ttorney~·.ent1:r
on tb,e bas!~ ?f !~~ f1_ri~ings s~t f?".1'1 1~_b,~~~der lV.Ut®ff-,,ap·p~aranc~ In l;!ehal_f .o( the .~ccused,upon his
. tha~ the ~hd~. of,Jµsl!ce s_:rvE!d.. ~Y tak.ing sa~l;\:.-==,=-,::,ie:quesf.·or that .of his · relativ.e or. upon being.
~cbon outvfe1g~· !he. best inte_r~sr of ·t_he· public · appointed as , .coi.n;isel . de Qfficio "by the . cqi..11:t .
;;i~dthe accused in a !:;pee_dY: trial. .. · {PAM~RfW,supra, a~_512:~13).: > _. ·
· $ECTION. 4.. FACTORS ,· FOR . GAANTi.N<;; .. It sha.11· b~.-ti\s: d~t~ ~~ .do th,e·1~,ii?~ing·/ .. · .
C.O_NTl~UA~C.E. , .. · 1~ - . P,:omptly un·~ertaketo o~tai_n th.e pr.esen¢e of
· · Conti~u;;ii,ce · .. . . . · : the. p.risoner 'Tor. trial ·or .cause a '-·notice tp .b.e }
Conilnuanbe means _postpon·~ment:ofthe· triai, a·nd . . . serv~d. on t1:1e p,ers_on.havi_iig_: 9l!,Stq9y_ o.f the·
are !:iUbject t6 jl.Jdic"tf]I ·disc"retloh (RiANO,. supra at · j:)~jsone/ r~qulri11_9:_sue~. person to ~o ·aqvi.se-the
... ·. 481). ·.: . . .· . : prisoner of J)is right to demand.trial:·· · · . . · .,. ?
•. . . .. ~ 2. Upqn -receipt"of ttiafnotice,:the .cus.todian ~f tlJe
·· Grantir:i9 o,f rnouon for conui:iu~nce ,is a matt~r . of prjso:ner .sha_ll.·pi:omJ>tly· -advise_·t:he prisc;iner ·of' . -~
discre.tion on the part: of court and· not a matter of . · th~ :c.t1arge-ar:id of hi_s rlght.fo 9emand_. trial,_ If at
right ·(Bautista v. CA, ·G.R .. No, 157219, May 28, . . any. time . thereafte_r,. {he .prfsi:>ner: ii:,forrns. his
. ~004),··. . . . · ·. . · "custodian :1h~t ·he_· dema_r:ids such ·trial, the l~tter · .
. . ~ ..
shall cause ·notice· to . that eff.ect to be -.sent
. F'aclors in Detennlril.ng the"G"rant of Conti"nuance . promptly to the public"attorney; . . . ": . . ...
1,1nder Sec. 3 "(f) of this Rulei . . . 3. ··_upo"I) r~ceipt.of·such notice, the p(!bllc·attorney ·
1. Whether o.r not th~ failure to ·grant a.continuance sh~ll prqmptly-seek to' obtain the·presence _of
in the proceeding would 1fkely make a the prison~r for "trial;
· -4. · · When the- custodiqn of. the pris9ner ,r~eive.s .. P..eriods.to observe: · . . .
. from the .public. attorney 'a· properly··s·upporte'd . · · 1. . Period from when the. court acquires [urlsdletlon
r~q\jest for ;the avallabili~y of th(;} prisone'r. for : ove~ t~e:~~rs.on.-of, the accused to arrait;1nment'
. pu.rpos~s·t;f. ttipl,,the 'prlsol)er ·shaU. b~ made .. and pre-trial ~ within- 1 O for a detained accused;
' avallable.accotdingly. ··. · .. · . · · : ,· · within 30':·d~y$ for· a non-detained accused
.,(A.M,.No:·15-06-10-SC, Subheading Ill, item no.
·. · s-=cTiON 8. ~ANCTU;)N,S'_ ·'8); . . .... .,. . • .. ·.· ..... · -.... ·.. .
· ·· · 2: , Petioct from· tti(r receipt of the pre-trial order to
~ . Certain S~fictions und~t S~c~ e: Rule 119. may. bif... the trial..,;. wi~hin. 30 days (ROC, Rule 119, Sec.
imposed ·by the. court Whenever the private .counsel. . 1);·and : .. : '. : . .. :. . .
· for the.'. accused, ·the· -pubflc: 'attorney, or the .. · · .3. Periods. of·· delay · to be.. excluded from .·
.. prosecut~r:: . . . .cofl)putation_(ROC, Rule 11~, Sec, 3). '', . •
1:. K~owingly .allowa th~· ..case. to' be set for trial . · _. 'SECT.I0~ .. ·10.' LAW.. QN SPE~DY ·TRtA~,NoT·-~ .· ..
without dlsclosinq that 'a necessary . .'witnesir . . . · -·BARTO:PROVISION ON SPEEDY T.RIAL. ltfTHE .
'would be unavailable for.trial: ". · CONSTITU:flON · ·.. . . , :. .
2. Files a motion -sotetyfor delay Whjcb be knows -.: . . · .~0- ,pr~yisio'n Of- law on · sp~ed~ trial. ari~ ·_,no -rule
is 'totally frivolous and wit/iout merit; . .. ., .. 10,plementing the ,same shatl' be interpreted as.-a bar ·
· . ~-· . Makes a statement . for;. ,the· ··.purpose : bf · to any:'·¢t,arge of d'eni?I Of the right to speedy .tnal .
. . 'obta.inin~ continuance.' whi.ch he~~kri?:,VS to be . . ~ .. guar-a~tee,il.~y Sectlon _14(2);Article.O~ •. otthe 198~ '
false' and wHich-is rnaterial to the granting o~ a:''·fi'}f · Constltutlon, · .. ·,.. · . , : ~' ·.. · :. · ··.
continuancetor _ .. ··, ·. ,. · · ,_, .. · .:· . .J,}f/:;:~c;t)... ·· .. · -·· ._.· .. -. · ·.:·... · .·· · · .. :·, · :. ·:·- :, '· ·· ; ·
4: . Willfully: fails' to. proceed'. :t6". 'trial. Yiit&ov15\~)-}t (S~e· dis~us~io~ und_er· R_µfe·.·!1p Pf' ·_tl)e righMo. a .
.. jus.tification consiste~t with·.· th_e.- ·provisl;~h.1:!1:i;::rif.!';;~y,-'~:1~1-~n.ctpubhc t~a'!.. •' . '
.hereof. . · . ·. .. :.,,'.!t? l.:f.'.,ft:~sECJ;fOlll"·1'1fl(>RQ.ER.OF TRIAL . .. · · .' : ·
. . . . "j/ ...... \~ E, . --·J;· . . . .
Sanctiqn~: . ' .·· . · ·. · ·--~.: . . . .:.J.l-,..,.1.i . 1 .. .The pi;pf~cutlon· shall prese~t ev.ioence to:
.·. 1.:, ~rlvate.-Oefen~~ ~ollnsel :-:.fine_:~1tt.~~eedi!lg:..---,:l_ · · : · prove .tn~ .ct}~rge.·an~/ in' the proper ~s~; {h~ .
, . P20,000 ·a~d cnmmaf ·sanct1on~·.Mn~;t.t(~\ .. -~' . •, civ[IIWbiJLty;\ · · ... · · .. . . · · .
·2: ;_ C,ounsel . de; o_fficlo~: P,~_g!l~ '. ~tt9.fney · or._ f·;} · 2:: ',.TheQ.cc~'Sl:ld~ay.pres·~~tevid~r:i~<=: t~ prove his
. · P~o~~c~t~r ·-: fir:tf. -1;1ot ,~~r~dln_§!:~5,090 ;anl\ f",'j · : _·
~~,~~;\~!'!!:-~r,,.';!J!l~Els·,·
1f any, ··a~sing_- from the ..
. crnn!nal s.anctlons, Jf an~,~~~. =<~tr. ~~. : IS~~~n~~sP.tJt'.ef
It . P.V.'Sl!)~al reme~y m·the ·c~~e_; .
3 .. ,· Defe~se Counsel or P.ro·s.~slf.t6~-:V,~Q_t!3L ~j
~Mt\~. -~ 3. . The •p·r.o.~~c"tt'tiC?n ..ai:id the defense· may, 1n that
c.arl ·. t:j . . ·.
..· rigr.it to..~~c;1c:Uc.e before._the.c61,1,1fjryJh'~1t~~ :o:.d.er,p~esent re.bf!l(f!Iand s.ur,-rebt.ittalev_ide~ce .
· :.. for a ~ei:i?.d not_excee~1ng 30 d~~i. · t.). · .,: t,7"",f:r:-~iun·iess.·the' court,:. 1~,. fl!!-1hera.~9e ·of 'J_ust1~ •.
. · ·. . ·: · · ·. . ~~~p.·.. :: ....
~.-~)Jtft:--i.1 :~AA~!t~.
the111-_ to pr~sent add.1t1onal· evidence :
"f'h.e · pur.lishment provided for· bY,,.th1s ~~.et~n--a.ro:.~l1:L,i,·earni'g\ upoq th.e ma1ty Issue; · .· · .
. s~al~ .be _without ·prejudi~e ·~o. i';l~Y.~~'.3.,f.>P~ep:rjate · '4 ... Ueoi1:_adm,issi.on.of the .evidence of th~ parti~s.
- . · cn~mal_. action 9r sanction . author.~~d'· \:.lnder· · . · . the· case shall. be deemed submitted . ·for·
these'Rules:. ·.' . . ... '·~'~.:' : '- ·. decision:unless thii cour(qirectsUiem-to argue··
sECtl0N ~.-REMl:PYWHERE·AGCUSE~·~s:-·Ndt ·.· . : ::,_orallyoi"to'st,i~-~it.Written m~moran_da; ...
B~OU~~':(TO.TRl>\L WIT!'ilN jHI;TIM.E,-ttrvi'IT;·.. lh - Whichev~r . order .:the. tri~i .may.· .Qe. set,. the· ·
. . _ , ." .. ,... . .., . . p,ros~ution must qe·gjv_eri':the'opportuni:fyto' present,.
_If the accused.is. not brought to·rrial withiri'the timi3 . . ·it$ evidence.- Other-wise, the judgment is. a n·unity·
limlt ·ntqujred the :Rule's,. the· lnfcini'lation· may· be '{Peoplf? v..Batisacan,-G:R. No. L-263!6, Augus/'31,
'dismissed on ·moti6n of ·.the''·accused'·Ori -'the·.,·. 1_9.~?J-- ·. · ... · . . .. . . . . . : :· .'. · ..-· ...
. . grouo~ of denial of his righfto speedy tri~I. The .... . .
· ~ccUs~ Sha.II have tli'e.t:iu'tder.i-of proving.themotj9n . Note,_:. Trial·9f an a9<,essory cai:i proceed ..without
. but the prosecution shal.l ha11e the burden'"of ·going. . . ,av.-aitirig · ~he result of .the separat~ cnarge. ~gainst
'forward wi'th the. evidence tci establish the' eicclllsioii' . ·. th.e. prineip·a1. They ~re dlstirictlrom each. other: (Vino
o.t tim·~ under Rll\e, 119, Sec·. 3. . ·.· ' . . · v. 'Pei::ij:)lf!; G.R. 'f!,lo. 84163, Oc(ober ·19,..19.89).
· . . R~t;;utt.al Evidence . . · . . .
· The cii~rnis~a! stiall .be subject to the rules on.dci\Jble . Evidence to explaln or 'disP.rove· evidence off.ere'dby
je<:>'pardy,. · · · · the opp:osing side,. . lt :is:· generally used o(. th'e.
. . plaintiff's·· evidence to· counteraqt. e~cµlpating
Failure of the. accus~d to 'moye·for i:lismis~al.prior to e:vidence of t'1~ :defendant (T~N, stipra at 1126 citing·
tria°I. shall constitute a· waiver of the right to dismiss . Ph(lippine Legal En'cyclopediaby Josa·Agaton Sibal,
. under. this section-: . . - . . . .. . .
p. 8?9). :
Note: The .admisslon of, rebuttal- and _sur-r~butt~J" . .. ' : .. . . . . . .. .·, ... ,;,:"
evidence Js discretionary uponthe court.'(Pe.ople v. If the court- is satisfied ..that th~···examination of a ·-.-:\
Franc1sco, G,R. No. U-568, July.:t 6; 1947). Likewise: wi_tness_torthe accused lsnecessary, a11. order shali', '·J
. the ,p_res'entation"of evidence ·t:jeanng upon the main. . bejnade directing 'that the witness.be examined.'at·a .: :&:
issue; after a party-has closed his case, rests upon ·. ,... _specific~date,.fir:ri-e·an~ place and that a copy of the .·.· -.'.t·,
. the dlscretlon of the court (L,opez. v. Liboro, G·.R, No. · .. _ord.er be served on the. prosecutorat ieast.3·days: -ti
L-1787, Augusf 27; 7_-948): . . '. ·· .. - : · '. ··.. ·. · before ttie-schedulec;I examination. The_€~_arjiination.. .: ::11
. .. . , -. shall proceed. notwith~tanding".the absence · of. the .. .-·.\
Reverse Trial ·.-. . -: . .. -prosecu~or. provided. he was .duly l'lOt!fi~d'· of.:the: :~t,.
When'•U,e ·a-cci:.lsed·."--ai:imits·-the-.act. O'f'. omission ; hearing. A written record .o.f the.testimony shall·be '. /t
.' charqad .. 'tn the · Cpmplaint or · lnfonna'fii:;i·~ -but . . .taken. ··· · . J;;
. · interposes a lawf1:1~·~efense, the ·orden>ftricii-'ma:ybe .. · . ' . · . . . :· · · · -v •• • ::!g
modified .(ROG,. Rule 119, Sec. 8), . , .. Before Whom Ex~m!~ation,May Be·M~_de '.. . .. \fi
·. . . . : ·. . . .. . . . . . . =';*"'=.,J'.111;} examina~ion shall tie'·taken be.fore: ..... : .if.
'The modification.of ·the .~r~er ot··the frlav~o\5'ft. . ..h, ir. -f :)°\, ".:~~lW;-J.pdge;.· .. · .... · '. · .· ,. . .. r }f
discretionary upon. the court. -r:he prbVislof{u~~i. th( L,. 1
l2\7'tpo pr-a2_ticableany member :of .the Bar in. good · }:
permissive umay.' (P.er;pte v. Gt.ili,~rr- ·-'t'
4[.~9,/3_. '/!.{fl..,,,o--="-"'~"'~ s.tan';ding.tl~9.ignated·.byt~~ trial .cour:t;pr - ·., ·. '.}.1
116281, Febru~cyB;X~99). . .' 4:'Y/. ~ 3.;-:ey~o~we~~~~- de~ign_at~i:l -by a'. court of"·. ::~
.
SECTION 1:Z_; APPLlyATION.f.Q;R-:-fX~Ml~ATJO~
.OF WITNESS FOR ACCUSED eij,.
-~,--.·w
. ' ,• · ' . . . .)_ . ~-...,}/.f .• ...,;~~ ...-~.._--'4!J~e1~~ns·qretton
RE 11,R_IAL--ll" ·~!\\. Be;posit1.on :
J:· - ~-~/!~.--
which issued· the order.
·.' · ... ·.. . . . · -·
!?--.... · . . ·.: ·. . . · .
· : ··."'
·;··:i-~i,
.· : · ·· . f · f! :. r f , · _- It 1s ·thej, te.st1 ofti !P a w1tness·.taken upon oral : :-Ji
Cc,ndltlona.l l;?<~minatlon ti ~l! ., . · .f.~·-.-- . . . . _q\.T'esuo"r'ii-or wii~~- terro-gatories,.not· if'.'!. open_ .j
R_ule-24, S.ectionJpf:t.heRufss-of;Gou~·pr~vi~~'r;~ ~~iif~( _b~.t)o·:-i:>Lir.s~ao _;of a. cor:n_mission ·.fo ·take . ~,
the.r:1.Jle on d~pos1.hon_s., It al~o~t:hif!
one's _own tq~t)mony _.'or t~~]o_f arj!'{t.J)]l\person
P.!3rP~!\Ja~10~"".l..\.i,11]'m',7.Jestlmo1;1!ssue~
~..:;'°S
h-y:at, · urt, or-~ndcr.o ·general l~W · ;~
Qr. C'}.!}.fl· r:-®or:i .~~:e S~~ect, ~hd reduc~p-to: ':"11:iti~g -~~
i.
reg~rdrhg.,ah~ rna~ter: · ·. \ ,, {.)\ :· \-~~
. . . · . . {'-' ,· \ · <10'·,.
Rule.~ 1.~•. Sectio~~- 1·2, _13 a~d~-5: 0(. th?~~~~_. · ''3«~l.j.tion·
~ · . Y!l~ f:
1~no.9,tJ);. aii{?efdt,~atE:'dt:and. rnten?ed_t? be _u~e~ ,n
&41 Jiz--c@Je~,1:...aJ}:j>fi al'! :,:Up..ori,4the t.n~l -of .a CIVIi or-cnm1nal
(}) ack's {4,w [)1_ct,9nary. ~th ~d, (1990))._ .
J
·:~
.-.i
l
.,Court ~!k>ws cond1t101')~~ exam,,~tr~n olwtrtri!c!-=S~e~~/ ~"Y. . .,1_· .. • ./. ·. . _-., • . ·.. :: . , . . .,. . . ~~
. · both the:9efE!nse ~nd_prosecut101'.l._ before'Tri~r::f,.h~~(E)ti'~""{rt.\l\l\Jr;r;r;p,p,~~~-rr~f t"rtt"-{ Tak10~ _Oe(!_os1t_1on;,.. : · ... · · · ·. . ·<~J
.a_r~ akin to. discoye_ry.· prqced!,!~.S irJ. c~v~q~e's...:::.:...~~1ve. 'g~tef_. assistan~e .. t9 ··the ·. parti_es . in · "&l
(RIANO, su'p(a at 466).' . . . · , . ..f;:,Q(J..,:.;·~"':"'.,:-~.-'?"_-\S'{~rtjma( .. the -tru~· c!nd· . eheckilig and ;:~
· · , ·.... ·. . ' . ~ A
,-. :)_ · i\. ·:r "\•pte.!/ird{rfgp~rjury; .' . · · · . ,· ,.. · , . . . . 1 ·;;,~
· The. taking of-·. dep_ositiornt .uncter. Rule,:-'24.,~f!~._.!JJ1.L_!'t__;gr:e'1iae .._an· effec;:tive means··of' detectlng' and ·· -41
.conditio'nal examinati(?n .of. W!tnesses Uf')de.r' Rule"-:=-:--=--. eJ.<.posing falseif~audulenfofc!irns and_<::l~fenses;· .· · ·.,,
,119 are taken under the sam~ circurhstances-~ndfor · 3. 'Mal<e·:~vc!ilable .·i11 ·.a · s.imple,. ~6r_wenierit .an'd . ·.:;.,
the same .. p,urpo~e; "ttiat Js, ttte preservatjol'l·. of a iriexpe.risiv.e. way;_ facts whl~· 'oJtierwi~e. coura. -,1'
mater1al. witness' tes!imony (PAM,ARAN;. supra at : not be pr<;>ved exceptwith gr!;later difficulty; . . · :4
525). · . , . ·.-. · 4. Ej:luc~~e._the.part!!:3~.·!n .~c,v.ance--o~_trial:as to the· :j;
, · · ·; · ' rea_l-va!_'-:1.e of tlie1r claim~. a_nd defenses th~reby ·'.;
T.ne· a·i:cus~d ·i:riaY,·L!P9rl motion with·. notice· to ,tbe . . . . . . enoc;ivragi119 settlements;..... ; ; ... ·. - . . · .. : ;i
other "parties, fia~e · his . \'Vitn~ss ... _examined . 5: ~.i;ifeguardagainst surpr.i~~; .. · . . • . . Jt
cohditiof1ally_lr1 his behalf; . · -6. -Preyent.delay; ...... ·. :, .' ~ .. . . · ·.; · .
.. . . ,. . .. 7. Simplify-and narrow.the .is.si.Jes(aod· : ·.. . . ·. . .' .. - ;;,
_The· motion must state: .. . . . (3. . E~pedite ;:1n·d faciii.tate both pr_~·paralionanc;f trial . :' "If
1. -.Name anp resid~nce qfwitn.ess; . (Aye/a 'L.and, "Inc: y.· Tagle;. G'.R. ·Nq, 1f5_366l; · .. :i•
·.2. ·substanc"eof_testimony;.and . .··." August 1-1;-2005). . . . .. · :;);
· 3. ··Any ofthe"foilowing"grounds:,. .
a. Witn·ess is :go' "sick to afford reasonable
ground to bell~ye ~hat.he will n·ot-be able to
.
sec,:10N
OF MATERIALWITNE~S
•
14·,
- ·.
BAIL TO SECURE···AP~EARANCE ..
· · · ..
:.·
· , ·i'q
: .- -~-3
~tl
attend the trial; . · .'. ' · · · .. . : . ·;i;j
b. Resides more than· foo kilometers and has If .thE;)_ court is satisfied, upor-i.. proof or oatt,I,_;that .a . · '#J
no means to attend ·the sam·e; or . . materiel! Witness will- hot testify. when S'O required, It.- ... (),
·c.. Olher·sir'nilar circumstancesexist that would may or)' motion of either party .order' the witness to . ·. -~
. .,,.,
.·.:.±!
612 2019 SAN BEQA LAW CENTRAU:~EDBAR OPERATIONS
·,
>l31
pqst b.ail iA such sum a.s may be deei:ned pro.per. · . Appilcabmti .of Mo"~es. of ·Q1sc9v_e~ to :crJmiria·I·
. Should . the wltrie.ss refuse· ~o· ·post · such ball as . Actions ' ·. · .. ·· · · ·
required. the, co.urt shall cbmmit him to prison·-until. .: .ThereIs no.rule V.:hich precludes the use of/elevant
he . compiles" .. or is .. legally . discharged. after." his modes of d1SCOV!3,ry in a criminal case .. The:,r'riodes "of
testim6ny·has i:,e~n taken_. ·. . ·· · .· ·· · ·, · : ... dtscovery : are '· applicable, . no doubt,. ···to. ·.civil' .
proceedings ·. which . necessarity include· the. civil'
. SECTiON" 15. EXAMINATION. OF" WIT.NESS-·FOR aspect of a. "2ni:ninal Gase: B.e itnoted that .a person .
. THE PROS,ECUTION· . . . . :-:· .. crimlnauyflabtetoe -a- fetony is, by the terms of Art.
100 .of.'the·. Revlsed Penal ..code, also :civil'(y-_liaple .
·.>c~i;,ditic>nal Examination. of Witn;ss . ,. .. (RJ_IWO; supra "at 475).1_: ' . . . .
1. · The witness for -the · prosecutlon'<-may be , · ·. __.. · · ~ ·; .- -, · ·.. . ··:· · · · ... · ...
· ccnditlorratly.examlned by t-1:le _courtwt:Jere· the Rule 23 of.theRules · of. ¢ourt allows the tciikirig of
case.ls pending if said witness is: . . deposltlons "i_ti :.eiVII · .cases, . either upon .oral
. a:-.: Too sick to.appear at thetrial; .or .: . ,- . . examination or written interrogatories:· · •
b:·. Has to:l_el:lve,the-Philippines·with'tlO"defjnlte.· '.".. · . . c ... - .• .
· . "date·of return: . · ·... w_ithi~ .~e. ::Phtif~p~ne~~-: b:e.tcire. any Nd9~; · notary ·
. . ·. ·.. . . , : .. · public or person. authorizedto administer oaths .at
'2; : Such examination shou1~ -be.·ilJ the presence of. · any tim"e:-or-p1·ace '!'{ithin ··tfie -P.l"JlliP,pines (ROG,· Rule
·.··the·ac~used. orIn-hisabsence after-reasonable , . . ._, 23, Sec.. 10). · · . · . :.. · .· . ·.:: . .. .
. ." . : notice to .. attend the ·.exarni.na:tioi'l -has" _beer_.:.,r.?!: . . .': . . · '~- · • . : . . . . . . . .;
. ·. served on him. . · · · · : ~/;:;'.<<( 01:1tslde ~h~. Philippines, befor.e ·any ·Philippine ·
. ·· . .. .~ ·. . . . . · · {,.{:f(/;,')1.~:. consula( pfficial,· C(!mmisslor:,ed·'offjcer or·. person ·
lllote: · Examina~on of'. child:· witne~ses is · ta<t!iid; ;/Ji)..;~ autt'lorized ·to:·administen)aths in· a _foreig'i-1 state or
. 1,m~~r. tl)e Rufe'C>n. Examination: c;>f. a- Child. Witr\~~~\ ,,.tt; 4, F~~nf(y (RqC,i. Ru_{e ·23,._Sec. 1.1( .:'· .
wh1~h .took-E~ffect on December 1-5, 20,00 (A:MfN<(~;"·~1ij·e".J..dJ!.'5~.d-J1J.· . _·. '. . · · . · . ; . . . · . .·
·004-_Q7-SC). · . · · _,.,;,<;,-1- · '• 1 y.l . 'The· rules-·-op-tc1v1l- procedure ·applies supP,letonly_.
·. · · · .. . . . · . ,-::f"',.,. · . /L,.;/ . even: td crimlflf!I proceedings. But where ·the latter
·, .. .' Co~dltior:a_i _Exafl'linatio"n _of-Wi,tn~f~es:· • .,~;ri;ri,J~. · _a.~~-- ~ove~i4 l>1-imadly· by- the . Revise·~ -Rul_es:" C?f
· · · · . · · ·· '11 ·. ' ..,, .. . t\.
. ,-1 Criminal ......
· P.rol!:ed~e.
. p . '4 ..
Where~ ..the·.. . rules of· -cr1m1n.al
•- · •· . • • • ., i}) · ·proce~1,1~~ ·sCJi_u.:t.r i~. coyer a silu!=3tion_, _the·r~· is no
:-- 1;A cogentfeaspR} to ~gply the ·rules of c1v11· procedure· ..
~~~-~ •••tiW.§1 _ .• ,, • 1~·~1. suppJ~to'fiJY.-':.9-i!"B~~jwise· (Ilda:. :De·: Mahgverra.· -v:. ·.
1". . W!tr:iess is si?k; ··,_ 1 . ...,_,~itn~~-t1s;· . si~ . l:,JA. Ri~os,·G';~:Itf@.,'f;~.~643," Aug~st 28; 2008). ·-~ ·
~- .Witness resides 100 tnnrm.-t8!apP,~ar at - ,i;t
J!,_;.•
. . · ·. · · · · · · . . . · ' ·- · .". :
·k':°:from the place of · .. th~,fri~; ari?:.1 ... ' . _:~~~ple v.. Webb an_~ -~o· ~- P~ople;·Cofiipared '· ·
trial: and 2. ·W1tnes~k-:,:t.\as to li! 7,;.:<_1-1.i~!~.;J~krng tli~ di:!pos1t1ons of defense witnes~es,
3. Other. · · ·.. similar . leave/.\!}e coyJftJ.Y; -;::;.;~£:::.:g:::!11'.Rul'i?.~ is. applicable/ .. ·. : : · . · ·. ·.
circun:istances . e~ists .· · ' With· . t(io,, difir.ilfe · ·· · . '. . · · · : · .
tlia}· w_ould :make ~lm date ofr'e.!_~f.al~9, .. 'i:tie" ~se 'of.dis~ei~r-y prd.ce.d.~r~s:'is "e.ir.ected to. ·
·-·-: ..
.Onava1lable or prevent . . .. tt,e . SOU,(ld . di~cretion . "of, tt)e .. trial Ji,Jdge: The
. hi.in ·.. ,fro111 attending. · deposition "taki'ng· cani"1ot be based nor 'can. it be
"trial ·. ·-.,·-denied on fl!msy ·reaso.hs (fec;,pl_e.\i: W~bb~ G.R:
· > ·· · ~
:· No: 132577, August-Fl; 1"9'9.9).:: · · . :- -,.:;·. · ·'
. . . !. - • •
« . -:- · \:'
5.~0). . , . . · . . . · :. . · )·"~
. · .. ··.··i~q- · ~ ,.8_,
~~~,~~jSrospcu~o~X\_exc~pl tne te~timony
:cl.a~fse.d,. ~J=1li . ,· .. .- _of ... _
~-he ,said . . . ,~
.·-,,
Jhe resultlng inconveriienc{'ar:iq~rXP~'f\.dn:·the,- ......-';;,,, 3. _: T~ft.!-~P.Y.'$~·.b~· pbstar:i_ti_afly:~oi'robor.ated)n·. '.J
part _of the.· government ·\ii;1nt?of~no~'5~Jf.~.\~1ve~'Ft'' f°i;:1.f\ •_l1~a:ijinal p6iFJ.tst C · .- ·. ···. · .1i
wetere_nce over.the:rig~t.t~~i~pEle'iify._in • e.~~~l ,~!t-A..R~Jed d6es ricll. ·pp~ar to be the mo_st'§uilty;. l
protect1.on _of a- person·~ hfE!,i- hbert\_ or -~$."P~~YF ~~.. ,n.f· /· ·. : · . . · ' · · · · ·. · · . · ·;. _:
Go11solid_ation sl:io1:1Jd. ·be· refu~ed if: i_h~i~:·ill~Uf!a,~~r"-,,./5P7~C:lJ~~~-f,as.n~¥e.r ~een_convic.ted of an offen_se . '-=~
expose a· c0:-accused to \totally~unr.~~~~@v9},)r.mg MoraJ1tw,p1tlJde. . ; · . · ~
testi~onies; i:1i,iddle_·the· issues, a~. e~P,9s1t~.im:te....!1L~~--- .~ ·/ .. : :· : . . .. : : ·. · :,j
the- inconveniences of .a l~(l!;Jthy ti\A~...,,Ej_oifi~h~c:J'f~~i~~i:rso,f4~~HJ}CessJty" _.me.ans, that -he. alone has - ;.
legal battle (Neri · v.. :i;andiganbayan~~-~/ jvo. ·\\ If Jkn'Elw)tio9 ..Werthe crime; <:1nd.not·whe,:i ~is te_stimony . '-
202243, August .7, 20,13~. ·· ·.. ·. · .. _N>.,""'='...._ .·. · 1.vilw,£.~ld<-~hiply .cQrrobor~te··o( otherwls~ ·:strengthen ·. -·'J
, -~""=-4n1:3 evidei:,ce In ·the l:lands .of 'the .prosecutor ;.:_{
Admissiblllty . of -Testimony _.of-. a C~~Accused. · (Jimenez, Jr... ·v.. ~epple, ··t3.f?. No .. 209195, /i
Where Th'ere.'ls·Separate ·Trial . . .: ~.eptemb_ef't 7, 2014). . .. .- · . .. .. · · · · . . . <\
If a separate .tdai' is 'grantee,.' the testinion.y .of one
a~cused imputing the crirlle to his 90-1:1ccused ls riot ' a
'' Wher~ c;ime· 1~:_:"to~tiNed in·. setret, t~~ ~is~h~rg~
admis_sible a·gainst the.latter, wtio hacl no·opp·ortunity · . ofo.rie-'60he conspirafors is essent_i~[ because· ciniy_
to. cross · ex-amine·. · . the : former . ( Taiino. y. . . they hc!V~.. knowled_ge. of the. en.me . (Salvanera v,
San'diganbayan, G.R. Ngs. l551F-14,· Mai'ch -16, _·. People, GR. No. 143093, May 2.1.. 2_007). ·
1987)_. .:.. . ·'
·,ir:Jo."other dire.ct ev.fde~c~,,· ~~s~:rhes · ~at· th~
In a joint trial, it would. be admissible if the latter had· · . . tes~irnofiy of the accused si;,Ughl t_oo:etllsch~r~i:ld as ·
the opp_ortunity for cross:.:examination · (People v. . . . a state Witness WOl.jld ponstitute di~ect evi<;lence-.(Le.,.
Ctirpio;-G.R. ·No.' 46109, .Septeinbef-22,
. . ... -1f}39); · th~J he- ·d( sti_e Is an· eyewitlle~) in.'that it' requires
. that there. is. no other direct. eviden'ce, except the
hi People v. Jara,. this. Co.Lirt· l)~ld. that where' a testi.mor:ty of.the. said.)iccosed (People V. ·An~be,
contes~ion · was., illegally ~btainec:1 .tn;,m . 2. ,of ihe. GR. No. 17Q033, September.6,2010): · · .. ·..
accus~d. and consequently· w.ete not .adm.issible
. 'agalnsr them', whh much more .reason sbollld the· "Substa~tlally cdrr~borate~. in Its mate.rial
same be·inadmissible against a. third ·accused who' ' poll')ts" :- is reqµired, · · and i'IQt · ·substantial
had no participation in its:_ execution:· Hen.ce·, Dela . . ~orroboration on a/l'pornts, In resolving a motion to
. .
2019
.. SAN BEDA
. LAW CENTRALIZED
: BAR OPERATIONS I 615.
- ·---------·------...---·
-CRIMINAl.
.
PROCEDURE:-
SAN'fJf:DA '!AW CENTRAl/ZfD BAR OPERATIONS - M~OR)''AID W19
-, ::/f\
IWh. A ,· *" . . • .. . . • . "." :sr
Two-Types ot im~unlty Effect W~erwAcc;usedFails·ot Refuses to.T~stity".,,.;~~
Where one of,· several co-defendants -turns: sta.te's. .;~1~\
.. evidence. on a promise. of' 'immu.nity~ by. the·;.:i'it,
,. · prosecuting attorney, but.Iater retracts and falls· to · ': t~
. · Wit.tiess' . · .... · :cri.i-(ipelled ·IJVitri~ss · . ·immune· keep bispart'ot fbe aqreement, his confession.made.·.~~'
testimony . ·a:n<;l .'the fruits from. .prosecutlon of under such aprornlse (!iay then be. used againsfhim. iii
thereof cannot. be used. ln a crlrneto which.his (People v. Beberino, G.R. No: L-23o92, October 28, ,·~t:
. ~ubsequent prosecution ota compelled', . 1 ~t'7). . .... . ·' . " .. · ·. . . , . ,' ·. . . . ": · i~·
.cril))e agairyst h_\rri, . _: . . . .. t~.stiniqpy_r~l~tes: " . SECTIPN ·1.9. WHEN MIST~K~ J:tA~ 's.El;N M~or:;t~)~
· · .. IN.C.HA:RGING.'THE PROP.ER-OFFENSE.' . . . -.,) ·;,-t,,
. Witaass, can still , ··be Witness eannctbe . · . . . , .· ·. . . _: : _. ". ·. . .; ... :)'~,'
prosecuted. · ·, . but ·' · ttle prosecuted at all. · · . :. When. it becomes manifest. .at. any time- before<i:;:
compelled testimony cannot . . · . . . . . · j1,1dgment: tha( a. mistake has .b.e'en'made ·ih char,g,~g.~:;¥,;_
be us.~ against hii:n. . . ·• ·. . · ·. .. · ·, .. th·e proper . .Pffer:i_sE:,1. and ·. the. accused: cannot · b:e '?!':·
: ·, · · · :· · · · · · · · · · · ·con'{ictep .of "the.. offense· cti~rge<;I'. or·. any. other,:}'t~
{Tancha.nco v. · Sandiganbtiyan,· §,.FJ. Nos. 14167.5- : · . offense. necessarily' inc!uqed. therein, .. the accused ... f~t
~6•. "'!~~ein!JeJ 25~ 2005).' . . . ' .. · ', . · shall n':lrb? discharge.ct.if, the,re.:app~~·rs.good cause. \if
. · · ·:. .. .. : . . : . · . . -· to detau:i ,!1111). . .· · .. . . . ... . · '.t,•\
PiS:c.~arQeu~d?r. th•~. Rule 1s ?nly one .o~ the ·~°-9es,--=~~""''':a~..,.,. . .. .: . ,. ; . · ··. . . - . : ;., · ... · .. . · .. }.ff
.to be a stat~ w1t~.~ss. (?th~r mod4;i~ .ar.e:_,.~~"..; · . lj :~._..suc;fi't~!.?~;.'!1.E: c.9urt shall co.~.IJ'li! th~ ~cc~s~~ ~o. :):;,
1 .. ·The Witness Protei;:tion .Progra,;:'9f~·A)·~~d.-~· Aa¥~er. fp~~ e .Pr?~er. o!fense. an~, d!.~T.!S~ th~. -.~~-.
. 6981; .. , , ... :. · .. g .....__ ~~ }.~·--=""::'~ntn!fat~e.,,.u n.f,l!m~of.the,.p.roP.e[lnformat,on ... : :~;4:
2, The pqwer of the om.budsm~g·t(9raritJ,:r.1rnu~~.,,,..;, .._;, ·. : ~\-1.. , ~, · ;!''+-.' .. ,. : : .. . . . . · . · :.. ~i .
. under .sec, 17 of R.A: No1,/6770~@;tl6ypsttian Jt '.i'l'i~"-G.Q,~rt·~~ll·~)$:t!1tss ,th~ original Co!11plaint or. ·J:::.,
· . Act); .· · f 'k.'r:) ,!'.'· ·
f · l j;. ·l~orina~on'Qp.,~f@e}ll~g'ofa·~e~ one pha(ging Iha.' 1i
: ;3. Immunity und?r P.O.· Np. 7'49'-i_/Law. !.GtantiAg. -: ~· ,f;foper <?lf~ms\ J?rOfJ<(~~ .the, accosed ·.shall not··be . <;~
.· .. lmmunJty to G!':ers of.B1bP.~ {?ribery1Cases);, ;· el..a.£!~:.!ti.do:u.~~JJ~o~:,u~~~R9C, ~uJe 110, Sec. 1;
4:. TIJe. grant of.. 1mmun1tyt~9,derf.E.,O. ~O.: .•t_j~-4\ _J.!f)~j'. ]·
(Recdvery of llf~Go·1ifn~ealth \by."«f er ~ .... J~ . · . · · ·
. l\"i'.i-~ .,,·~
iJ. ·.: .. .·• ..
· ~, . , ·:
; · ·
. ·. .
. ·.,·
.· .,;~
· · · Marco.ses); · ,:.« ,,;;,!. ~ . . ;\, .- ,. ~1 , ~re. J. ~hu~ ~~bwR~ t~at ~he_ .cl:lar~e ~gamst · the . ..£?..i
6. a~?n~th:~~~~r~~~i~%\j!t\:~J~~}:,~:Ai
No. 9372 {Human Securitk, Act/ \
· · · . · · · , ·
:"J,f!Maf);((?catf./po
l·~~:k~~~o~:,~f.~~he
5. Immunity und~r Sec.~ ~;--i ~.A~fi~.J.,M;;;-~.accu~~ji~ldgi,ave·~~ensin'lpl~ reb~.lhon and n.ot ..:.~~
f ~c;.~J·~~:"' I
.\._ · 'l:a~wary.11f201A}.ll ... ... . .
1hl~i~~~~J~o~~
· 'II./4baf!d9;· G.R:·. No. ,, 1-76830, ' _,;f
· .· . . · .• :~
~= . :·J1
:,~~l:JS~~~~~f.id'r:l~c/
..... SECT!PN '. ~8 •.
. . . . . ' . ·. . . . . . .
O~ERATESAS ACQunyi,L
~DISCH~RGE~f.
~~,'!._,-v;._ lvi ,r , . . .
~~;·,li:f'k~~P-RQ.S,~CU~~, ·.. '· '. : . ', . ,.· . .
T . . ·\ ..,~ X} '\.,}
jl~~Ol'~.~~~~T'. ()~ '. Acri.NG...
. : . Jij}1
-~
Effecls:olD1scharge: .·. · . .. · .J... ·,. }c~r/i'~cussionsunder-,Rul~ 1.10,.S~c. 5) . ..:~
.1 <
2:
• !~~~t;it~·
If the court
~~~~~~:f;~u:::1i~o
denies· the motion
~~~.~~a1:'s.ch~r.g~,,,,~~Tio~'21~.-EXCLUsio~·. ()~ ;~~·p·~BLIC'
-9is'charg~ the . . · ·· · ·· '.. · . · · · '· ·
-,
/,~
accu.sed as' state:wH11eS!>, his .. sworr:i .~tatement 'Ge'ne.ra(Rul~:· Trial' Should ·-:~e:'.·pabllc 'j~ o~der .t,o· .':j~
.. shall'b>einadmissible In ·evlgence;·· and . .. · offset. ~iiy danger·of conductin(flt in ~n- illegal and. \;-1
· 3·_ , [?ischa·rg~ of a~ci.ts.0;a·.oper~tes a·s an acquittal.· ·unj.ust ·-manne.r · (Gwcia ·V. pomln'go, · '<3.ft. No. L- .. r:11
and bar· to further- pros¢cutlon· for ·the. same .$0104; Jvly 25;'1973),.·: ·· · ·:· "·: . · · ' .,:-~
offen~e. . .. ·.• . ' .. .. ~~~epit~n,;~ vi~~re. tr~·=.~~l~e~~~:.. ~~·~.~ .protjuce~··. :\~
N~te: ·. Any wittir:ig .. or. Uf?Wi~ing er.l'Qr. of. the.
prosecution .in. asking· f9r th,e .discharge o.f ah
d~ring th~ trial is of such charact~r .as tq be offensiv~ .
to dee.ency ,or. public 'morals', ·~e court:may motu·. :~
J
. accus~d and of t~e tFial court in granting't.h~ petition pr:oprio.exclud.e.thEf puqlic from !he co~rtrodm. · ·: _.: ?·}
. for dlscl:iame,. so long as no que'stion of jurisdictio.n . . . . . ' :-;~
is .lnvoived, would· ·riot· .d~pri'..ie the discharged· T.he court may. also, on. ·motio11 ·of. tt,ie accused, · '\i
accuseo. 'of his acq.uitfal arid of the constitutional. ·exclude the. public: from the 'triaL ·except ·court·'• j
· guarantee, ·against qouble. Jeppardy. Is · also i P~~o~nel ar1d. the··c~'.'1r\fel .~f ~he p,a.rti.~s·:· . , . . ·.1
relevant to. note' that ~he, improper or mistaken SECTION 22 CONSOLIDATION OF TRIALS OF · -~
. d!scharge, of ijn accu'sed would', nof affect his. . . . . . . ". . .. . '~
. Cqmpet~n·cyas a ."':itne.~s ·or(en~er inadniissible his · R~T ..Ell O.FF.ENSES ...
te:,timony (Bogo-Medellin Milling Qo., Inc. v. $on, • Thi~ contemplates i· situation Where·. separate ·:".]
G.R. No. 80_268, May. 27, 1992) Informationsare fi~ed (groundsfor consolidation):· .·J
·,
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.. SAN·B.~DA LAWCE._l!/TRA.L1ZED.8Afl OPERATIONS - MEMORYAID:2~1~.
2: . To reinforce and give teefh;to thEfexisting -rules· · . . ·fll~d -by the .prosecutlori . as -a result .of . a
on criminal procedure and
other. special rules ., . relnvestiqation, ..reconsideration, and review ...
prescribing periods for court action and those . 2. Motion.-to quash wammt of arrest, · .: · .
wliich ·prpmote spe.edy disposition ',of ·criminal .. 3 .. Motion fo quash search warrant underSec: 14,
.cases;· and.. . :· .. ; . . . . .. ·.. .· to
.' Rule 12, or-motion .suppress' evlcence.. .·
3_- ... To 'in1roduce :innovations· and best practices for: ~-: · Mo.tidn·l~ dlsmlss orr the gro(md that the criminat
.
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- -. ,·parti.es. .. . .. · ·. , . -, . ·; . · · case -i~ · a . S.trategic .Lawsuit ag~i~st · Public
. ··. ':·.· ',:' . . ·. . ·. . ... ' P.artlcipatioti·(SLAPP) underRule 6 of theRules
· II.. _PROCE.bURE.(GENf:RAL:.·MATT~RS.) of Procedure for:Eri"'.ironir-i:erital Cases.
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CJ~JMI N:AL-'PROC.E·o.·u,RE. '·'.0
·, SAN.BE"DA-tA'w_CENTRAlt:(ED·_~fl OPEtMTIONS_~ MEMORY AID 201S?,: .·~t~
hisiher.~~n~·e~t ~ith the-conforrnlty of,th,eplibli~
. prosecutor te the plea bargaining.·. Thereafter,
· tes~ifyo~ the aut~el)t\city'. ci'ue: execution and the
· contents ·Of publle documents and reports, and ~ .S
:f
judgment shall be ·immediately rendered-In the in· . crimin~I · cases . that . are . transi;ictlonal· ·in.,, ·:ff
. . . same proceedirrqs, ·. . . . character' . such as falsification, . malve'rsation ~}
2.. Plea of.Guilty.to the Crime-CHarged-·in.t'1e. . ~stafa;or other- crimes W.here.tt)e·culpabil_ity:o~. ~,J~
. · Information c...lf-{he accused pleads guilty to the innocence of the. accused can be established .. : ..:;;~
. . . crime charged, iri the Infcrmatlon; judgm~nt shall> . 'thrc?°ugh' documents •. the '·testimonies ; of the'.· '.}'f
· ·be lmmedtately rendered ,,exce.pt in those cases witriesses sh1:!IJ be rn· the 'same as· (a) and .0:>) . · Jt
involving 'caoltat punishment; · , . · ... · .. . ·. ..". · above, subject. to additionat direct. and cross, · '':ff
3. Where No Pie~· Bar.gaining ·or ·f>lea _pf G_µilty · . e~a~inati~n questions. . · . . ·: · . _.' . . . . {$!,
Take-s Place - If the accused' d_oe~ nbt ehtera · . . · · · · · ·· · ·.r, ..1',
·plea.of guilty. whether to a Iesser .Offense or to -- · · ~ote: In aJI other cases ~~~e th~
c~IPabilitY o/·= ·-,.: ~!t
the offense c;harged in the.tnformation; ttie court · the innocence of ttie · accused i;i based on the · ·.. ;j;,
shall · lmmedlately . .proceed · . .with . · : the . testimonies ".of· the alleged eye.witnesses,· the · ,,.,
· · ar_rai!Jnment and _the pre-trial, '. : · ··· · i '. }~~!t'-~~ies ·of ~ese· ~-i~nes.se·s shall ·be .ir:i o'ral _·. ~
.· ..
_. ·,. . . . . ,,.;
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,·:,·~_g·re~~~~,~·-.6~-- ~d~is~:ions. - ~a_d~ or · .01
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CRl:MlNAL :PRO.CED.URE.
Aio -2019
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sA'N SEDA uiw ~ENTRALizio IJAR_oPE~rsoNs
44·
- ME~ORY.
• ~~-1
where tliere Is grave·~buse_of discretion amountinq lnvaslon. bf. the- rights. of an·
-injured .. or a · .. )t~·
to lack or· excess of jurisdiction (People v. Lagulo, : punishment . for -those·. guilty of 01:1trageous .·.·.·_'ft>.,:_,·.
Jr., G.R. No, 128587, March 16, .2007:).. · . conduct (People v, Jugueta; G.R .. No: 202124 ~
. . .. .. . . 'April 5, 2_016).: . ; • . ·. .- . · . - . ' . 1~
· · ·.· acc:us~d. :Which-1n· a s·~nse on.ly covers t/Je civil· ·· ·.·whic!'l is· included in the otten~e. qh'arged. or .of the .. ,'.?
. . aspect .. (apart.· . from . other pr.oye_ri:'.·actual' :: o~e.,:ise Ghargi=ld whi~h is ·inch,ided in the'. offen:s·e. }
. . 9amc;!ges );· . . . . . · proved (ROG, Rpte .119, Se_y;_ 4). . :i
2. Moral damages - awarde_d·.to·compensate one ·. · · · · ·· · · · ·- ·· . · .•
. · forinan.ifo_ld injuries such .a~ pnysical' suffering.,. · . Offense Ctiar~~cr · Nec~~sarliy :incfudes· Offense.· ;'
·. mental __ an.9uish, :serl_ous ar.j_xi!3ty, besmlrchet!j. . .. Pro':'ed · · · · . ··. ·. . . ·. . ·. :· .
. reputatfcin,.. -. y,,ourided · f.eelings and. so,cial . . Refer~- to. wheii some of the esse!')tial. e!ements. or. . , .
.. . . ,h\Jmiliafion.- .. J'hese . da·rnages, _m(fst . be_ . · lngfedieri\s o_f.the·form·e~. as alleged In the.Complaint
.. understood to -be in_ the concept of ·grants,: not · . or .lhformation, constitu_tetheJatter:· · ,:,:,
. 'punitive. o'r <;:orrective ·,n natur.e, ,~loulated to .. : . . . . ' . . . . ' ..
compensate tf:le claimant for·the inju·ry suffered; Th~s; .if {he:·a:ccused·ls <;:h~rg~~ with .murder b~t it . ·. ::
and'.-. . . . . . .. .. ._. . wa~ ·hami~ide ttiat y,,as proven,. tht:1. ·a_c.cused: shall be ·. -
3. Exemplary . damages - also known. as conyicte·d of.hq,rticide, tl")e offense.pro.ved.. Homicide·
"punitive'! or "vindictive" darnai;ies~;exemplary or. . . is Included iri the ·offense charged, whfch is' murder
. _correctiv~:darnages are intended .to serve as a · (RIAtilo, SLfpltj at 5..Q.4).. r ·. • . . . ...
deterrer:it to ·se.rious .wrong· doings, and as a .:;
vindication . of : uncfu~ sufferir.,gs· and wanton . ..-·
v'arlance. betwe~n··· -~.r,iminal N.eglrgence.. a~d Va~iarice in .Mode of Commlssi~n ·c;>f Ci:lme
Willful Offenses . . , . Both'Modes Included -in. the "Same .Crime: Where
While a criminal negligent act.under Art. 365 .qf the_. the mode of commission alieged .Is at variance'With
Revised .Penal Code is not"a"simple.modality of a :the "mode . or commission ·proved,. conviction.: is
.·willfu·I crime:but:a .distinct ·crime In i\self, ·a: coiwicijon··. posalble if the. variance does. not change th~ crime...
for· a· crlminal.. neglig·ent ·act c;an be· had u~d-er. .an · and ·the 'accused fails to object thereto: The· offense
lnf.ormatlon ·exclu~ivefy charging the commission- of ~ha(ged. is ·suit included in brnec~s~ary includes - ~h~ '. :
_a wlllf..ul offense:. upon theory that- the: greater'. offense proved (People .I(. Abe/lo., 'G.R: No.151952,
h:rofuqes the· 1esser offense' (PAMARAN,. ·supra at · · .March 25, 2009).. . • .
585) .... ·'. . . . .. ,: -. r.
lesser· than. ti:iat charged, if:the·. ~aid. le~ser otte·ns~ si:ct10N·s. PROMl!.LGATION a"F jtio'GMENT
haci air~aay·prescril>ed at-the -time th·~ Information"Is·
· fifed. To hold. ottierwise .wci.ulc;l".be ·to".sant:tion the The judgmeri~ ·is .promulgated ·by .reading it" in ttie
circµmventio.n of the .law on . prescription: by the . . presence of,the accuse~ and any judge of the" courr .
simple ·expedient -of accusing the. defendant.of. the · in which·it was rendered. · · · ·
graver offense (Francisco v.° CA, G.R .. N,/.F4~674, · ....
"Mciy 30,. 1~83). · . · . . . .. · _H9wever,.if the-conviction is for a l!g_ht offens~. the
jUdgment may be. pronounced ·in. the presence -of his
· counsel ~r repres.entat_iv.e. · ·
Wfrhin 15- days from promulgation -~f Ji.Jdgrti~nt, A -juclg~eht of a_cq_uittal, bec9iTles 'final imn'ledia!ely
however, the accused may surrender and file after promulgation and ·:can.not be :, rec~lled for·
a motion for leave of "court· to "avail of. these. Cdrrectionqr amendme{lt. . . . , . .. ' _.· · . . . .:··
remedies. He· ·shall -state ·ii-te -reasons for his
absence at the scheduled protnulgation and if .. ~Even if· the.court should. make a mjstake, suchas
·he_. p·rov~·s : that· . hl~i absence ·wa~: -for . .. a. or'ni~ting'to considerrelevant testimony' that .would
justifiable cause, he shall be allowed-to avallof . otherwise. lead... ·to a conviction, -an , acquittal. -ls
. s.!iid remedies w.ithin "fifteen .'.1'5 days from notice lmrnediately final 'and executor.y. An issuance .of an
, ·. (RUL'Es:oF COURT, Rufe 120, s~9. 6). ·. Order .rec~lli"ng.' ths jl.idgmen"t of; acquittal for lhe
. . .. . . .. - . . . 'purpose of ."rectifying its .error, ·.an.cl ther~afte(,:-a ..
.' ·Note: The termsurrender.usedin the rule-vlsibly . ·. .... rendltlorr ·.Of a. Deeislon convjcting". the. accused-
.. necessitated- h_is ph~i~I~ ·and .: voluntary · .. appellant. tor two .eounts · of ·'.~pe; . cannot be:
.·. subrnisslon to the .jurisdi~tion of th.a court to . ·. coi.Jiitenaiiced.lor.a contrary ruling -would transgress .:
. · :suffer any consequences.of theverdtot against: . _.: ... the : accused;-a"p,'pellant's.·constitutim:iaily-enshrined-
. · hlm.'Mere filing. of his counsel of t!ie motion .for · · · rjght again~t 'double ·jeopardy .(People v.. 'Alejandro,
. ·.' .leave will not sufflqe:(Safvadorv. Chua, .G.R.}W,. <3.R.'.Nb.,-223099_;.Jariuary 11; 20.18).. ·. : .
·· .. : ~21"2865, Ju.tY· 1~~ 20·15J. ··, .· . .... ~ . ~- :., .. :.· ·.. ··· · ~ . -~ ......
. : ->, , .·. · • • · · .Tf1e·:tl'iaJ. ~ourt may tose juri_sdlctio!l -e>.ver·th_e
s1:(cTio:N'7., MODIF.l~ATIO~··aF JUDGMENT .Judgment even b.efQre-t)le .lapse qH~. days: . ·, .·
·· .:· ;:"': · ·.:_ .·. ·. · :.·· : · .,,.:)\_.1:_WIJe_ntlie.de(endant.voluntarily'..subn'litsto·the
~p.or~; _motlqo:- .of ;'1he. · accµsea., ~ -.J~dgm_1!1t.~;<Jt
_copv1ct~on may: be. modified -~r set aside ·by -t~e-Gf.~1//\f> . : -2. When
'):w. . . · _
_l_exe_CUtiOA:bf th'e judglil~nt;_ . .- · ., . . .-_: ':·~· ·
thl;i
defe.ndar\t perfec,ts·-his: appeal;··
b~f.ore:1t_has become final:o~ b~f<?rE,l an-_app~al~~~$!;~f.;!·~~--- . · ·. · : . :· .. _.· .: . .. . .. .. . . ·:: .. · .....
b~en. perfecte_d. ·. · · . :.·. · . · ·. ·. \1
· · - ·/:,',i,1'';,{,;.··~·S"1>cN9te: ?~f
d1scu$S1on unqer Rufe· 1·21, . Sec. -6. .
· · M ·...:.ifl t: · fJ d ·· t ·N :r • ;/7 f .i,,i[I,c:1..!l!.:.1,tegar.d1ng.\the·periodforperfecUngappeal. :
· ou ca ion o u gmen v.. ew ·1 ~1aiv~ ·,''I. ;) Ii · ~=;.:.:.it!.:-.- · ·. · , · · . · •· · ·· ·
· . · . · · ·". ,, , . ~~:"7{.3_.. : W~ell t/;\{~~'?~~sedwitl:idr~w~h.ls -~_ppe~I; .· · .
.· . ·. · _;:i~b . _. ;$6~.
4- ·. ~hE:n ·a.pcuse~ expressly "."aJves i~ writing
.
·.· :~9 . . . ~·
11e"Y-. bearings :·o_r. frr~~~~<Jttties_-·\t0::::;'."8:e . :
. proceetlmg~ of any k1n9 exR~~ged ·0~qm -:t~e. -.' f'{ ·
.,-·
't'~ ·
Fil . .. ,.-
his. n9J'itlp aQp~al, OI'.
.5._ ._Wh~r.
· _[._._
thJ'
. ... . .•.
.acb),ise_dfiles·a_petltior.t:for probation,
• __}_·. . .. · : · . . : ...
..
or crange In ttie record r~cerd;;, •""8flWP~,· -r.1~w, . 1t~ .Note;·J~·.aA,.,.0.~Jl'i~~~tilases,the courtqoe~ not l0se
or ...evi~_~nce. · .A simple_ evi~~~--9e j§:~:;Iryir?cfu~ . l'-ji
juris9icjien~e-::purpose.of -~orrecting . clerical
modifica_tion is made on. ·(P_e~ple'..,tt;;;-.t~,:nayo, G.Rr, ,14 · errors. . ·• · . . . · · · : . . ·. : .. ·. · , . . · ·
tl').e basis of ·wh!:3t is ~n N.'?- L-22~~. -!'-fr.f,:2.5, f
l..:..;i.~~-;"·• ··. · . ... · · ·: · . . . · . ·.. · · ' ··
_re~o_r~. . . ·. · . · · . · .1950).. . }:~~ · ~:u-- -cd:;Ti.{~~~'Wg·fh~·~,:RY·?F ~UDG~ENT ·
· ·: ·. · . . :. . · .. : :-. · -(·-1 .
(?if::. .·entiyot-ju~gment; how:made· : ..· .·: : ·.. ·. :
A_Judg_ment Becom~~ Ffi:tal_:_ (P2-~a~~b ·\~ _ . 'ThE;J_tecord'irig o.t theHuo~fment qr order- in_ the ·book.
1. · ·.Wh.erqh_edef~ndant eerfectstus. appe~( . . · of.entries·of1udgments shall. constitute·its. entry;,The
2. Wl:\en the a·ccused .applies·for frobation·. . .·· recor.d. :shall contain the . .dispo~itive. :part ·.of the
:r· .3;· Wh~n .the p.eriod for ..perfecting an_·E1pp_eal ha_s· : ·. .j1,1clgmerit ordeF.E!_nd sh~II be slgl)ed bitheclerk, with·
: J:fill~~d; .' . ·.. . .: . . .. a
. certificate"that.s~chjudgment.or order has.become .
4. ·.. VVb.erl'th~ accused Wi!_h~raws !)is app~al; • . finai'and executqr {R-00; Rut.e_-3f3;_.8ec. 2): ·
5. When the. actu!;,ec;:I .expres.slyWqlyes_-m writing .. , · " · . · · · .
. . .. hisrightto. appear; ~nj:i . .• . . · .. :· N.ote:. A "mittimus." aften~onvicti_on;is,.-in-:crin:iiQal
6 .. Wti~n ·th"e defeh,dant volunlarily §ubmits .!,O ·-th~ . cases, simila_t to·,ari executioh after" judgment'in a
· -: executjoh .. Qf: Judgment (Yu. v. Samson-Tat~g.,. · ~lvil case: ll is final process, It i~ .carr.yiog·.i.nlo·.effect
. GR. No, 170.979, Feb_ruary9,,2011 ;PAMARAN,.. ·· thaJudgrrtent of. the -court· {f.?eop/e. v, Mamatik, G.R.
supra at 5_~9): · · · ·· · · · No. L-11922, Apri( 16, 195!J). _;- .. · · .. ·. · · · ·
.. ~ . .
. ,.Not~;-Se~ dfscussionu~derR_iHe:121; Sec,_·6_._ . '· .. ~ittlmu-~- - . _ .. -,· .: · .. · . . ·
.. regardingthe period for perfecting an appeal._ . . . A proce,ss: i~sued by tr~ ·.court a~r- _c.otiv.iction t6
·. Note: The--aforestatedrule~ do· ~Cit apply'wher~ the· . carry out· tbe fi'naljudgmer:it, such as commanding a
·dealh "penalty is imposed (RQC, R_ufe·1~0, -Sec .. 7). prison warden· to hold the aqclised ii:i .accordanpe
Instead, 'the .. judgment --shall ··be· auton:1atically · with the term·s.of the judgment.- l.t sball be slayed
-reviewed ~Y the ,Court· of Appeals .or_ the supreme during the· pend~nqy of the motion· for i:ehe~·uin.~.o~
Court as the case may_be (ROG, Rule .122, ·sec., reconslderatio.n (PAMARAN,· su11ra. et 90S;·. c1tmg
3(d);" RCJ_C,· Rule 124, Sec·. 13).. Black's Law Dictionary).·
, I ' , 2:
'Thal sublt evidence' . could · not ·have . been
. ··, . RULE_ f 2,,1 . · Dis.covered and .Pro_duced at-the tr!~I evenwlth ·
the exercise of reasonable di!igen.ce;·. . : .
.N~wTiu4L:Oll .. , . 3. That \t :ts ·Material, 'not ·merel~ cumutanve.: .
R~CO'NSIDER4TION_-· _·. .ccrtoboratlve or lrnpeacrimq: arid ·, · · · ,'·_ ··
4. Theevtdence- isof sucn·a.-We:ig~t th.at it woulct:. ·.
probably ·change ·the j_udgm~nt. ·1r admitted
SECTION 1. NEWT~IAL ORCOt,JSIDERATION (vbtemesv.Tenco-Gebekion, G.R. No.. 178925,
June' 1: 2011):. · · ··
. Af. a~y· tlro~. before 'a .judgment . of .oonvictlon · .. · ·
becomes ·.final, the· court ·may,· on motion -of the· In order that a parttcular piece ~f. e~fdence- may.be
. accused or at its:" own instance but with th.e' consent property ,c1ppreciated. 'as newly discovered, wh~qs ..
or
of the· accused, gr~nt.'a new tria), reconslderatlon. · essential is not so.. much' the 'timewhen.the evidence .
: · · · · · ·... · · .·· ·firSt Carlie. into existence or the lirnf:1,WtiSn· it"firSt ·
Except wh~ri3- the. ·c1~&th p·en:~lt~ i(i.mpo;_ed·:(R,O,bi . came .to the kriowl~dge.~(tlie party nowsubmtttlnq ·
Ru/id 22, Sec. 3(d)),.a judgment becomes final.after: . iLWhat is essential. Is that the 'qff_erlng.Psi.rty_ had · ·.
the laps~ :of. the. pertod foJ pe.rfecting anappeai, or exercised reasonab1e-'dili'genc'e In" t(Ying locate: to
when the sentence has been partially.ror .tot?lly . such ', evidence '_befo~e: -or. . during .. -trlal .. '(or: .. ':
satlsfled or served, or when the accused jiaswalved .. in-?e&.tigati;:>n),·:but.~~C! nonetheless failed-to s'ec4re·
in writirig · hls- right .to appeal, or ~Ss.'.ap~lieC for :{:\ ff;· (SYia90 v. oflg, ·G:R. Nos. -1.79282 ..8~, (J.ec.etrib~er:
. )Jroba~I~~(R~C,R~LE':.20,· Se:: 7).: . . . . /~(;~&_ · 01, -2010). . . . '. . . :.: . . . . :.
"-~:.@,.
T""'
JlJi,,.r.o~~v-· (.
~de.feindj~;
lei.
-jt1:;Jnay.-~e 01.1re~ ib..y... timony . under oath qf the
tt:ijJie.afi.· g of the motion (Lejano v.
till
N'ii ~ ,. Decen,be, 14, .2010). . .. ~
'f.!! · :· ·. · ·· . ·. . . ,. . - . ·
l~L~!· 1 · ">~tfrf1t;,.or.ma '1,t5t1on.~tor. Reconsideration -·.
';,
-;~
J
. -}
1
· req1._.1_1r~s no f~rtl)er procee<¥~-gs.. -\-_, . : ·L~O[id~R<3:,~ Rul,f..37, _.Sec, . 2, .a ·.. i:t1otion for· .• ·-~
.· . · . -~ ·. ·-:,, , .(\::;:,~ r~~).3.9!)~1d~r-~!1pn_.s~~l(. po.mt __ ou(_ . spec,fi~al/y the ~ ~
. · • . • · l...c.f'l . M1r-fyJ~gs;·o_r'~(t!;Clu£1ons 9f.theJudgm~nt or finator~e~ ··;~
· -··-"'""'"wl:lf~<{'rt3.J!O~~ppQrted · 1;>y lhe.-ev1dence or which :·i
·. ~\ A ,'a.re~ntr~~o law.niaking:express reference to the J
·. fVi/.(&i~r,ti9rti~I- or· docurg_ehtary . eyid_ence : or to. the... }
Aft~r-."jtJdg_ment ·is After judgmeii_t Aft~r' · · ., '.both·~ia~~f~'isjqn~_of ·lc:1w.:alleg~1:·to_~e ..oontrary·to ~.uch . :~
render.ea··· ·. ··but is _ren~ered'-b.ut ~i:)a):ties . have · . · findi.n~sor conch.1s_1ons. : · - · . · . . · ·. . · • :_,~
before :Jhe finality befQr~.- ·. the r~sted. . their . . . .. . . . .· .. . . ;.. . . .c_'.j
·ther~of. . · .fir,ality·theFeof:. case, , . e,;,en Othe,:wise;;ihesarne shall be considered a prq(orma :Y,
. before _ , ,motion .for ·reconsideratfbn· ~nd": shall:· not• loll 'the .. 1.l
.. . . , regiementary period of.appeal. . . . ' ·. , . ··1
judgm_ent . ·\~ . ., . ,. . . .')!
-- rendered, · .'b4t
. tiefore. finality
of judgme-~t..
-rtt~
·.
· ·· · · · • ·· ' ·· ·
·,tor~gaing:·ruis app1i~s. ·oh·1y to. civil ·qases·..and' :;~
· :Not to. criminal .cases :.(People v •. Q.olmehaies, G.R: }l
~
. in o"ther words,'
"adduceq. s~a/1sfa.hcf.
a;;. ;,--:,~e·· ~:i~ehc~-- p;~vi~~:,;,.
.· . ..· .. : . .
-::~~~~iog forreview bY. which ·;~e-\yt,o.le ~~s~'.. j~
. tr-ansferre.dto a.ti]ghe'r°court for-a tln;;il Eletermination :-
.
I
Je~l?a(dy.. . .. _ - ~~R.eople 1,.v. CA;_
. - . · M -df',--1. .
. All those aff~pte9_ by. the Ju1:!'gl:t:p}t ~-·
. t:.;q_"'SJ:.rfi;:?~-0..15).• l
I .ot'der';';..~2;- · _
. F"f=J ... - . . . ·. : - . ·. ·. · . · <1.~;
./ffiJJ;. . _, . . · ·. ·.
r~nde'..e'd: . · · .
1. Accus_ed; · · .. , .
· of)
\\v .· \
~k l :oz:.;~ ·, ~ii"";-;gm,i;ayJn,,on~
0"1\_.fl,lt ~ the P~ple t~ Appeal .
'{-~~- · fr· ,.:;:''t.11.P~.:n~,t~JJDfth71 P.~ople7to·appeal is ~xpress,ly·made
. .Ci
,
2; Governmer:,t; ._ ·. . - \ ~ .' ~ o: ~-"" -;:::~lfr;>j{~ft'othe,:t1rov1s0Jh~tSl.lch an app~al should not ~
3. .om~nded pa~y (Pe__ople v1. MadWi, G.~. ~- ~/-·"pj~-ee'the~,¢cusec;Iif double jeopar~y.(P,AMARAN, ·•·
126050, Jan_"ua,y 6, 20,01); \, · , ~:;_ "-'-~[ .... --:-::"'\1Pf at 6M). ,f . · ,: · _:: · · · ·- ·· ._.'.:
4. Employers un~er,:·J;',rticl_e_ 10!\of _th1~,>R~~e.·ct_El\f\ ·:,-f'-1-P ~ ~ '· . _· : ·_ .• · , . • ·. 1
PenaJ·Code (Ru(oMaunc,oCon~uqliqjyy')l~'G;=-.,.==Ti)fs.;Ju~i~b · adhet~s to !!J~·finahty-of-a_cqu1ttal .. -~l
G.R. No. L-75357, November 27,- 1~~;{h.m9 f}. ~\ /9..o-0ti;fr1e.:.at· is, a juqgment.0.f ~cquittal is final and - . ,
. 5. Bail bondsma·n (People v. Ali,- G.R. No:,,~@62, · .tV.t.lunc1i1pea'fable (People· v.-. Asis, · G.R. No.. · 173089, '
. ·'· April 25, 1956); ··· · _..,._~=---z-;,f{tgust25,20·10).:: - · · ··. _· · , ._, 1 ' · .-/
. . . ·:.
, :rhe. wbrd ~party" includes ·not only the governn:i~nt· : How:the-f>eopl~ -M~y)~ssall A.cq!Jitt~l ·.:' . . . ; :· . f
.. ari.d .the .accused.'but-other person's as well, SUch.f,lS By :w.ay of·exc~p~ion,'a iud!;j~e'nt of._ac.quittal in a .. ~
· the . conipli3inant who may· be .'affected by the . · criminal :case may·-be as$ailed in a petifion for · -·l
judgm.ent·rendered. in the criminal proceedings. The <;ertiorari under 'Ru!e 6S ·of t_t_ie Rules-pf Cpurt upon .. -- · -~
complainant has an i11~~-res~ i.n-fhe civil liability arising
from fhe:crirne. unless of.course he.has res'erifed to·
clear showing .py:the.p~titioriet .that'the-l0wer co'urt, . <'fl
in . acquitting_ . th~· ··accused( .-com_mitle'C;I. 'ri()t . .-.!
· bring a separa.te: civil .action to recov.er !he civil merely reversible errors 'of ju_dgmentoufalsograve ··,:
'liability · (People. vs. ·. Madali, ,G.R. · No. 126050, . abuse Qf disct:etion amounting·fo·lac:k or. excess of ··. :;
. Januc,1ry 6, 20Q1) . . . . · .
jurisdictiqn ot. atlenl~t.·_of. ~ue proces~•. thus
P:a:11icipa~ionof the. Offe,nded Party in the Appeal .
. rendering· the · ass.ajled'.Judgment· voi9 · '(.People v, · :f
Asis, G:~. No. 17~089; Aug_u_st 25,_ 2010 ). : · ·;;i
o·rdinarlly, the <;Ip.peal :of crimin:a1 c1;1s-es involves as
parties qflly the- accused, as appellaots, · c1nd the The· Pedpie·m~y ~s,sail a judgmeht.rif acqujttal oniy'
. State, represented by the- Office_ of the· Solicitor . via peti.tion for ce,:tiorail_u.nder Rule 65'·of_'the.
Ge.neralo. as ·the appellee. The pcirticipation· of the Rules,.. NO,:- under ·_'a· .petition··for· review. on
'private 'Off!;!nded party w.ould: be a mere surplusage, certiorari-under·R_ule 45._ If the p~tition ,· regardless
if the State were simply to seek th~ affirm.ation .of a oHts nomenciatyre, .. merely· calls~ for ·an:- ordinary·
judgrilent of conviction. review of ·the findings of the court a quo: 'meaning
there_.i~ !10.:
ali-~ga'tioh: that the?CQUi_tfai_.was made . . .SECTION :2. WHER~ TO AP,PEAL
wit,h grave ·.abuse· 'of dlscretlon, 'the constitutional .. .
right. of the. accused a_gainst doubie [eopardy wo1,1ld The appeal n;iay be..takenas follo~s:
be. 'vlolated (Villareal :v. Aliga; 'G.R; No. '1669gs, ..
.January 12,.20.14). · · ··
. .
. -An appeal from the: order of "dism.issa1 shall :not
. Me
. TC, . . MTC,: MC.Tei'·
•... MTCC, . ~ .RTC
. .... :~
. constitute double jeopardy ..if: . . .. -, . ...,R_T~c_.
:--'-:---'."'°._·-'---'---,-...........:.-,-:.1-c,.....t,,,.-'-:o--'r-_'-s_c,,..'
....,.·-_ _:_..;.i·.....
1 .. Dismissal is.. made upon- rri0ti6n, ·ot·.wiU:i )h.e CA. SC·'·-:-~·:·
express.coneentof.the defendant; · .. .. ; .. ·
· 2:.. Dismis~_al ·' is . not _ _. acquittal or . based 'upon ..
. · . c9_ri_s,cter~tlqnof 1!1'3 evidenee' or ori.'tti~ mertts of · SECTl~N
,·
..3 •. HC>W.:·· J$'APP
. ,. . .·. ,.
EAL 0 TAKEN
. · .
. · the case; ahd ·...,;: · . · ·. .· .-, ...
.. 3, · The question to be. passed upon by the appellate How'·appe~I is t~lcert: : . . : · .. ·. · ....
·, . court Is purely legal·so that.should l!ie di.si'rjiss~I to·
. f.' ·App_eaf the.~egiona! .J'rlal .Court - by f11i.ng · .
. be. found incorrect, the case would have to _be . . . a Jiqti<;;~ of ap'pj:3_a·,·with tfie: court that -reridered
remanded. to 'the court Of: oriQin .·far·. further · , . the J.u~timeiit' or ;fi_na1·..order.:·apJ?ea1,ed .from and .
proceedings, to c1eier::r:nlmfthe·gullt ortnnccence ·. s_ervmg_:acopy. to· .f~e adverse party.. '. . .
ofthe ·defendant (People \I. City of.Manfl~, $:R. .2. App·~al. to :the·· CA from .declslon. of ·tt:,e ·
. No. L-.36.528, September 24, 1 Q87): ·. ·. . : · .d"';"' . ·Region·~t· Trla.l Court. in. the ·.·exercl&e · 'it·S · · of
. . . . . ).r.f.i. . .o'riginal [urfsdlctlon ,::-: by. fillr,g ·. a . notlce of
:N_qt~:. _T~,e -accuseo rnay . appeal a .judgme,~t:.;;~(;',1:, ~~ppeal .,_with the . court whlch .rendered tile.
· acquittal to,stnke·o~t an,p expunged;frOf!lth~ r~ef.q.~>- ,.u~.j ,, JU<;Jgp,e.nf or. ·fin~I order ·appealed from. and
the· li1:1rttul an.d irrelevant_ remarks .agc:'!1ns.t '.Jh~.,; ;~::~·:p-,_,,,.~erv1n.~,.fi.copy to..the a~v~rs~ party; : . ·:
·acc_used (People v. Mendoza, G.R. _No~. ~8,Wf..:B(t,,>i";....,:...A:.>~::A,~pf..~h,·t.9. :the- -CA· .1~ cases- ~e~ld~d by
JL!IY 20, 1982).. ·., , · :~'.,;·:'. . _>..Y 1..f Regional\ Trlat· CQt,1rt .m the exercise .of its
; .· · , · ·. . . . ·. ,,:'?/ . , ·. !~,!41·. . aP.pellat~t,~uri~dictio~- ·by petition for review .
The .~1Qhtto Ap p_e~I 1s Not a N.~tu~a}.J!.if!ht.. j.:.---:-,,.t! : . u.n.ct1er ~ufe,12: · ·, _.. ·. . . ~· .. . . ·
The nghf to appeal 1s. not. a natural qgpt or~q:r&'r1 of f~. 4; · ApP.eJ! to
constitutional du~ process, bu,!:-:nfiifely aj-¥taftlt'o.i:¥;. r-'·JI
t\~
CA m
cases where the pe.~alty .
. hnp9,.sed't· i,, :·-:r((Jclu_sion · perpetua, . fffe .
prJvi\~ge ~nc1 ~::JY. hf;' A~A_rr.is~hnlY.'l:!*~.::S ·manne~·
. l'lf)d ·. !n· . accor~an_ce. '<-11th th~'pr~V~9~1t·Of~.itl~~-
r.~r:1t·~ imP.fi.so']'l·en\,.:orwher~ ·~_lesser pe~al~Y is ·
l~P,:O~f~f~Jt!!i-V.OIVlngoffe~s~s .c.om_m1tlet.l
l<;1w. Tl')~ party· wh9 .~eeks t_o ~o\Y.?JI J;liros~lf-oM~~.. ~JI!. _.o~"tb~~-~c:1[1.slon~r ari~mg :out of.th~
. same must comply. .with 'the reqifi!~~r.efein'~of t~e ttJ · . sa'me occurrence that gave 'rise to t~~··o,~re·
rules, .!ailing ..in .which the right fo~c)pPeaJ,:Js · lqs~ hl~m:,~r-:·;seriou~ o~ens.~ !ar· which}~~~ penalty C?f.
'(E~tar1Ja.- V; People,. G.R. No. 173990(;0r;Jpber' 27, ii !t~~ 1"'?-t~1~~1tn or hfe · rmpnsonment.-1s 1xnposed - by .
· 2009)., . ,. . _ .. · · (;(-". .· . · ·~1,~~:;...1..,;.,;.,&l:ti!it'ig,a,hoti.ce of al?peal with the OA;· · ·. . ·
. . . . . ···. · . . .. {!'.:f · : (J'-i.5: : . · 5. - ·.oeath·.penalty .,,. .automa~c. review by the CA
Effect t)f Promulg13tion lnAbsenti~· As::tc>'.AP,peal · ·. (A.M:·No. {)0-5-03-SC c;Jated _Octob.er.15J 200.4);.
(See c/i~cus~iQn un·de_r.'f~.'u1e·f20, S,ec,- 6) '."''..;.'"":" . . ·;and ·' · . . . : .. "-: ..... :: . . .
·.· · ·6. Except as ·provided io_.the·tast·paragraph of Sec.
. ~ffects and.Sc6pe of ~o Appeal . .... 13; Rule 124.,· other ~ppeaf~ to~the .Supreme
An !3ppeal_from the:·se'l"1tenceof the trial ·court implies : Gourt; by pe_titi9n for r~view on certiorari under·
.a . \yaiv~r :of · the' constlh.itionai' safeguard .·againsj .. . . · · Rule 45. · ..
· doyble j13op~rdy,and throws _the whole case_oi;>ento· ·.
~ review. !JY the._appellale cp_u·rt. · · . · ·.·.: . ; · . .N~J!l;°· · Pu.ndamental ·. law. requirE:S manclatqr.y. .·.a.
• • • ; •• \!• • • •• • • ••I• r • •' :.:~ • ~
·.. r~vi~w ·. by ..the SP· pt. cases·. where· 'tbe penalty ·
Th1e app_ellate court 1s. then called upon to render· . --imposecfls reclusion perpetva,.lffe impri$onment; ·or: .
judgmEi'n~ as · ,aw . an.d' Justi.ce . d.icti:)te, wh~ther . · · death, i,o~here', _h9~evet, · has.· it .proscr;ibed an
fa.vo.rabl_e or . uhfavorable·. to . the appellanl; Such . · \rit~rmediate · revje~. · If . on.ly to ens1..1r13 utmost
appellate,co1,1t1s nave' the powEJ)r to .reve~se~affirm or. -· circumspection·: before· the penalty. of . death,
·m·odify_ tht'I judgmen~· of the ·tqwei-' ·couit: and· to· -reclils.i(!r:, perpet_1.{a 'or
life lrnprisbnment·.i(imposed, .
_ ln~rease or r.educe the _pen.alty it imp0sed (Philippine · the Court· !')OW deem~. it wis~.:c;tnd compelling. to ...
Rabbit. Bus · Lines, tnc. · v: People, G.R. ·No. provide in these cases a revi·ew by the CA before the .
· 1_47703~. Apri! ·14. 2004).. . . . . ··case. is elevated.to the SC. A prior deie.rmination by
· ·~he .-CA on,· p~iticu1arly, the factual -issues; would
·. 'm inimiz;-e the p:osslbllity_of~r:i error,of ju_dgment. If the
CA- sho_uld ~ffirm .. th'e penalty· of death,. reclusion_
. perpetua or life imprisonment, it .could . .ttier;i _render
judgm·ent imposing th~·<::orrl;ispo~ding penalty as-the
2019
. SAN SEDA
. iiw
. cENTRA1.,1zED SAR
. . OPE;RATIONS
. . 1.e31
.c:R:1 M·-i NA;L- ·p'R.OCEOu·R·E-
-. s~N:SEDAlAW ClfNTRALIZED BAR OP.E:RATIONS - MEMORYA/0·2ol9 ·. . .
. sii-#Mc4 I -b iMi#+l!iei GRAM . Y&HCAiifM WM Wfla
circumstances so ·warrant,. refraln: from ~ilteri~g RTC and. CA, .sc Petition. ·.for ·-R~-v.iew
judgment and 'elevate the _entire records of the case· .' "':!hen:. : ", ~nly . on' . C~rtlorari' (Rule
to· ~he SC for its final disposition (People Mateo, v. .questions. of law. 45) .
G.R. Nos. _147678--8_7, Jiify"7,"2004). -· :. -: . are. ' ' ,involved;·
except ·-wher~
. Ho_w A~Je~fl~--,:_a~en p~nalfy of death, "'·
-~~-mi recluslon..
,• ·.
·, perpetua,_._of)ife· .. .
. . imprisonment ·· is · · ·
.md.lnary-. Appeal.".- · _:. -· __ -. imposed· . .
· · BY. . notice of .. appeal · - ...
' fil~ With '·the'. court'l t-C-:A~--. -_-__ ...:..-.+A--
-lie--:r-e~-d-e-:-~-;.th-.t-s.;_c
w-:-. . ..:.R_~-.v-le_w_'..:._J
-ut_o.:....hl...,,a,...._(-ic-_
ti:,at ret;id~_red -, _-jhe _penalty' . . . is . ' .. ·
.. ·.· .. ,
declslon. ," a"ritl · by , :: · imposed, . or
s_eivjce :~of. c6i:,y.
·.to · where, a.
lesser .. :·,< · .
l-'-'----,--1--...:-:..+a.:.._:d_.'
v_e_r_s_o..,;;.·p_a..:..rt..:..Y.:..:
·-·~'.:....:·
·:...,.-a· penalty . ;.is
RTC, ' . when CA c :Petition .for·· Review- .· . imposed .but fqr- .. }J,
questions of both . (Rufe 42) ":' In cases . . offenses_: . . . _· ·· '· Z
fact .and law are · · .-. decided by tj'.l~~-G<!-~ r;u··=;"> CO[Q~J!ted on . .. , :~
involved . . ·. its' : ... ' ·#;appr.Jlate l: fJ:ir- .. t~,sa.me . .: .~
. J\.11:isi:lictiOQ._~ .. ~ . . • ~c~s,o~I}- ~~~-'Or . . . · ·;:
:'
_ . . ;.6.· ·. '\, ):.e:~~~--- -wfful~.fit.-~,oseg~ · _. ·. ·.. .·. .· -. . :~-
.· Or:ginaty·~lfp'eal ~~- -~ h~, J~·,e. · . . ···.:°'
:c~!e~1ecf~d,t!)y,the _-jt .,occp("':1n~~ -~ \ . . . : .. ,·.: ·~
,!1T'~~ipi°iits~ofigin · !~at 91"\e ris,~'tt~, _'~ ._.-·_;_:_i.·i.
uri~didtjbn,. b' ,r:iotic; •·triE: mortseri~&i ?"I.~( =
, o_f~pf al file. witM~e, . . , ..Qtf.~.e,.:~or~h.1~1\, h A: t~ . ;::~
· ~oo.d-4 f(tl:lat ... fOder~~- i-
P}t;,-~~al~ · ~fL ~ ... 1 '·,. f 'fl
!1 the :t~ecislori ,pnd "ij} ?. Jl~atli_ f · · !I . ) ij -~_i
• I · ,-f'~i8,d 1 ._<l~bpy-·'tq·~_n 1-,,vi). ~ · .;.,_ ,·· ... -:. _.-.: ·-:-~-·-· . .
__ ,-· ·._,
.- i a~v. r e p_a,_rt 1-;'- . . ~~ C~"r"'- _x~ 7-:herp1 ~~9.J ;I · Ordlr:ia.!')'. :A,ppe_at:. -;:.. ' . )il
RTC,
death pena(t . js ·
where CA : .
·
H-o'toro~atic··~,~..-
f\ -' . ~,-
· . ~d>~ ~,I
' r-k"'\!{~naf!~~)~posfd ""\r l: '
t _ 1J~¥C!U,sf?r!_- . 11- ·. ·. _filed W[tA _ the ·court . ;. J.
,~.Y-. n9.t1?~ of appeal· ·.. ·1;.
. ' ' . ,\\,• ·. .. . '"' '.._ ·- -!~~spnrnent or. . . . ·decision:;_ and. . by. - ; ,,
' RTC, . whei:e .(;A" . Ordr~ai1}'.. ~),~~ ~4-, 'fEN1~er~.?cf-~·1es"sei_ , . . . service of _·GO~Y.- -to ·-:,}
··p·en·a· lty.·_ · · -· o f .. ,;9·
· B y -.nQ ·l~.._e.;;_o:
- "-1-.,. ,. -.. ~
pp,:,a., ne·nfif{.~-
· . .-P"· ~' .· ')~ ,; · :-..is _. ·. · , ·-·adv""r· ,:; ..... 'pa'.·rty'"·, · .. · ·· : ·. · .«J
"":'". ,i;,1
'' . recli./sion_ . . . ' filed •
wjth\:..th'ei
/' • -~'- ~
·clolirt
,.
.• • }vi" · c,\ V.'.,/
JRiJiOfe<
J..l..... i-- s:1/ . a.:. . - ' - ·.. ,. . : ..\ . '.,,·f'M···
:;..:
perpetua or :lif~ that·. ·_.rend~re~he J. -:~----
~ . · .. ·;j
imprison"i:nent. is ... · ·.. . decision · ai:id · :,, o" . --~~- . - ·. · . · · · · · . . ·.· . .., ..111
imposed,· · or·_.· .· :service qt... copy to . ·. Mo_d_es of. Rev_iew:·rhe_ ~ules;of CQurt".recog'n!ze 4:. -:~
where :'a 'lesser adverse party. : ..: ' rnod~s .. by .-".Yh.lc;~ "tb.e: qecisioo~(?f ..fii'ial order of. the . ';:;
·penalty . . is . : .·. court 1.n·Cril'!linai, ca·ses. m!3y be ·revjewed'bya'bigher . ·•
imPO~ed bUt. for" · . · tribUl'lal, viz.:. .. ... . . : :. · . · ·. · .· ~
offer.ises , .. . · .. _ '• ·1:. Ordinary' app'E3~r (Rule 1j,2);. ·'. . : . }~
committed .' ." ori . Z. Petition for: review (RMe 42);,. . : -~\
lhe .. _same . ·.- · · ·· 3... .P~_tition tor
rE;?vf~w-on CE!f't1qr~ri (Rule ff-_q); or-: · ·-:~ii
occasion . · or 4: Automatiq appeal (Rl!lf! 1?.2) (P'AMA~N,·s4pi:a -t1·
'which arose ;our at 643-644) . · · · .. · . . ' · ;ti,"
' of-' ' the· same . . . ·. . . :- . . .· : : - ' .. : ' .... -'j
occ\.lrrence ·: that. · S:E_"C:'r_!<>~ 4_••:_~l:,~V_ICE_ o_ ~_-NOTl~E ..bF_AP__ , P~_AL ·.-.. ).~.:-~.·
-give ·dse to, -the {'J.
more serious · . If personal ·service of the co'py ttie._riolice of app~~I . of ·.'j
offense for which - ·cannot b~ made · upoh the advefsii. party. or ~Is . :'N
·the. · penalty .. of · . cou_ns~I-, service may t1e done' by registere.cf inaii or .. · ::,..,
death:·. ·reclusion. by_ substitutecl·.seryice pursuant to· ROG, Rule 13,. ·..-r
. perpe(Uf:1, or life Secs .. 7 and 8. .. · . ' . · . : "~
· irhprison!llent is - · · · ~,.
imposed , · · · · · · · ',:i{
i
. ·.· .
App~ais, When ~erfep~~-d· .. • . ·. ·. . . · · · . .· · it:i wri~irrg. The stancqraphlc reporter shall -c;<:?[tify to-
Appeals, in, crlminal .cases do not take place and are the correctness · of. the notes -and . the . transcript
riot. eonsldered 'perfected ,until -atter .' the interested · lhereof, which 'shall' consist. of -tl)e·or.igin'al and four-
party.has personally-or throuqtr-hls .attorney, ·filed . oopies.iand shall fil~ the origitial ijnd fourcoples with ..
with . the 'clefk of court. 'a .wrltlen notlce .expressly . · .' the clerk \A{ithout unnecessary delay ... ::_. ,·: · .: · .
stating_the .appeat (Pe9pte-v_ .. Natividad, ·G.R. No, L:-·
44337,
~ . 'Augtjst:22,
.
-1936),. ·· · · . If· c!~.ath_. p~nalty ·. i~ .'i~posed, .. tlie. st~nowaphic-· · :
reporter shall; ·wit_hin 3Q· days _t~om-. promul9atiqp _of .
~ff~ct of. Pe.rfectiOtl 'o.f,Appe~i ; ' ., . . . . the sentence, .. fil~ :v,.,ith -the cle~k · original :ancf four ·
Once ari appeal:in ·a case, whether civil or .crirmnal, . copie~ of .the dl,Jly ,::ertifi~d· ~ranscript..of hi.s ·notes of ·. ·
hasbeen perfected; the court. a.quo loses Jurisdic.tion · ttie ·p~oqe.edin~_s. · Kio -~~tensi6ri of pme for·.fil_ing .of
over the case both. over the: record and over. the said .transcript ~f' .steoographlc ·riotes· · shall ·b~·:
~ubjeq(oHhe-case (Oliosa v.s:_-CA G.R..N_o, 114350, gran.ted. except.by the _Suprerf"!e Qourt and·onfy.t.ipon
;Janl.!a,Y
.
16, 199.7).·
t., l.. ...... . .
· j_usfifia_ble.·grol!nds.: . -.: • .. · · . · ~~ ."_. · · . ·.: ·
. -:. ; ~ -, : ·_.. .· . ·. . .
... :. ~.. - :"' ·.. . - ..
Mere· -fa_il_ure to .serve copy· of notice. of appeal to the PAP.f;RS. · Tb
SECTIQ.N · .8 •. · JRANSMISSIO.N·· OF.
.. prosecutor is hot a defect-which can either i-11;111Jfy the AP PELLA tE COIJRT u'PpN AP.P.~AL' . · · .. , ,· .
. : : appeal or preJwaice the unquestlonabte ·rights• of the . . . . . . . .
.. accused (PAMARfJ.N,supt» at 652).' ·, ' . · .: .' Wifhin.5 days f~ori} the-fiHng of t~e rrotlceofappeal,'
· · · -. · · · . · · ,,.,01 • the c_lerk. of the.court .:V)th. whom t.h'e -notice of.:appeal
. SECTIO~·!>_. WAIVE1' ·oF:NpTICE . . . .. /{~.>'? (- .:
w~ ..~:file~- -rnui,t_ transmit to the.clerk. o( ~ourt·_ of.th~.
· · ··. · ·: ;_ .-.··,. :· ·· · ·:. · · . · :· ·J.:-:'.(./~.~- c!PPellate_court-the complete r£:!C.OF~l_.,of. the case,
;i
... T.he appelle~'may Waive ht::; iight.t9·a:notice that·.i:iJ.i ;; ': .... together wi\h·Sc!idnotic·e. The original flhd 3 copies
·_,appe!3J-°has·~·eei, fa.Ken.~ '-:· . .. . - ·.. :·. - \J
r:·-;-.;.:;:.iCC?J..,.ttte."trans.qr.Jpf.of,stenog·rap_hic notes·. togettierwith
. Tl}e- a_pP,ell_ate:.co.urt may, in_ its ~~~reti9n, e~!,ftaij,: .. f i';..::JtiA;~:~~~,:~a.11,als'?. be 1q;1nsn:iittect·to;tlie clerk of
an· appe~I_ n~twit~stah.di~g _failure.to give.~sugt.t n(>tice ;-., Fl ·
t_he -appE:1lfate~~Q-~(Jr:t .. V\'!lli~ut 'J,mdu(3 · delc!y; rhe: othe.r
.• · i_f .the ~nte_r~~ts· ~f-justi~e·s9. require. . ((:;/': .. · ~$:;:!_! .
copy of _the_j~~-cript ~hal! re_ma~ i_~ _the lower court.
secT:ioN:s:
' . . ·.
WHE.N'APPEAL-To_sF{i;(~Nd1 .. /
. . "-<·('~-
. ' .
,-'~<.....
f~-f_"'· sEGTIQ"i?~>~~llEAL.T(?.THE
COURTf H .\ .
REGIONAL TRIAL.
. ..
An_appe~I must be-.fil~§witbjri,~1'aya;q6,~t~~fro.~~-' ~\1 · · >-1, .. · ~ . ./\,. ·.· . -::- . ·. . · .' · . · : : . · ... ' ·
· the_pro~u1g~tio~ or n~tiee o~ tti~·tJna1ei:i'r~;t,-appea!~~ . t:.j · 1 . . vy~~W:!!·HfY.~}~~f~ertec_uon_..qf~!i~--~pp_ea1,..ti:,e
fr9m ... · .. · ·
· · .· .
. ..· ,
·, . .
~-J~----
~::.,_!.~ . ~,,}.
."°'d~··.:;?.\\ · :
~~·J . . ·CIE/r~.t::~@~~~all
t·'. th_e·appropnate·RTC;
tr_ansm1tthe onginal.record to
··. ,. . :
·Ttieie,riod fo~:ap·~a'! is inte.r~pted1rS\IT_l tHl1tirf!' ~- 1..~~·rr~·.,:jup~n:rE;"ceipt_ of the"_q~mplefe rec?rd ~f-t~e ca_se, .
· motion .for new tnal. or recons1dei:at1ot.r~is41l~d. until j~ N• • .• •! tl'.f\.hl>..Prlpts a11d:~xh1b1ts:_ the. cl.~rR Rf court of-the
. notice' of-the prder overru(lng tlie ·.moti9n hc;1s. 1:>e:en~-~,.,::.....!:.~R--t,-G>-~all notify the parties pf -such'.fa_ct-; end· . .
~.e_r:ve~--·.upon_ the:_ a¢cu~ecror hi~ qouije!" at,:'j4~i~h· 3} . Wi,thin -1.S ·days fro~·,rec.eipr ohhe _sai~ noti~e.,
time th~· balance_ o(.tf"\e: period· beg\11s to·.~{J · :· · the .J?.arties ,may ·submi_t men"lor;mda o~ br!efs_, or ,.
~· · · · . :· · · . - · ·· ,r · . nwy_ 15e -require_d. by th~·· RTC tq d_o. sq .. f.fter. tt:ie .
Co'mputation ·of the Period to·AJ)p-eal .. . . :submission· <;>f SUG.h ·.n:,emoranda or ·Briefs, ·.or
.. in e.ompl,Jtirig .. the'• pEftidcf to appeal; the _.1st ·day Is .. upon".th,e _eixpiratio"n# ~e _j).eri0~ to. filEf.the ·~am~ •.
. exch:idecl .md.tlie last.day i$ iricJutled. Should th·e last .. the RTC shall decide the ~se .oh the· bc;1sis of
~ai t~u:·on.: a :·sunday: or·:·a··_hqliday;< t!ie-iperiod . :th~ e.ntir.e ·rec;ord: of" . .tlJ.e .. case·.-ari:,( Qf. ·such
. con\lnues'·td ruri until the. next d~y·wh_ict{is neither~ .· · -· .memoranda ci'r briMs as.'mayhave:b_e.~n:filed.
$1.l_nd~y ·."nor· tipliday ..(BE.VIS_E:(':DMJNIS.TRATIVE . . · · ,- .. , · 1 ·. · · . ·: •. .',, · .. ·.: . . . ·... · , .
CODE; ~ec. ·1.:n:. ,. . ·. ·. . . .·· ·_-· ·_-·. · SECTIO'N _1Q: TRANS,..,.ISSl(?N :().F RE,C0.R.D.S_:_IN
.:· :" .·.> . . . ·. · · .-.. · . ·· ·.:
_SECrtc;>N":7, !~~~SCRIBING ANQ.F'ILING. NOTES ·
, .· . / .;._ .
-CASE DEATH PENAL.TY ~ORKS." · · . . . .....
. In all_ yases:where th~ death_.p_en~lty is imp.ose.d. by· .
. OF . THE S!l;NO.G~APl'!,IC . REPORJ:ER. UPON : . ~he ·trial court, the r~cor-ds shall Pe· .fo~arded to t_he ..
APPE;P.,L .. : : ... : :. · CAf9r automa:ti,:; r.evie~ ana judmnent '!','i\hin .. 5.da~_-.
after the 15th day followirfg. the' proi:nutgation of th~.
: wt.ieri iiofice.-of'a'p~e~i 1s tiied,:tii .th.e ~cciis~d .. thei . jupgme~t or notice .6f den1a1·ot a:ry,otl.01,dor r:iew tri_a_l ..
·.trial. court--sh~II direct tlie. stenographic. reporte-_r to or recoriside~tioi:i. (A.M. No. ()0-~03-SO,. Octob.er ·
15, .2004). · . . .
.
tran.scribe , his notes of th~ proceedings. . '
Wtien file.ct ~y·!h~ P~opie Q~ the: Phl!ippi_nes, th~ The tra~.scFipt-s.halfalso. b~ fc;,rw~rd~d·,,_;;ithin. 1.0
days .
trial .9ourt ·shall direct tlie sten9gr.aphic reporter ·to after
. the .fifing thereof by the
. ... stenographic
·:
repoi:ter.
. .
. transcribe . such portion· of his not~s -of .the
. proceedings a~ the ~ourt, upon ~otion, .~haU specify
SECTION .11: EF.FEC~ OF APPl;AL .BY ANY OF . 2. · He shall transmit with the record, upon a form to ·
.. b¢ prepared bythe clerk of the appellate court
.. '
SEVERAL ACCUSED . . .
a certificate of compliance with this· duty and of.
1. An appeal taken -·by., one -or more 'of several. the response ofthe appetlanrto his inquiry:
accused' shaff not affect· those ·-.yho dld not .
. __ ;· .
. appeal, except insofar' as the judgment of the
appellate court is favorable. and applicable to the .
latter.: · . ·. . · . ·· . · RULE.1·23
2, The ~ppeal of the offended party from 'the civil
aspect shall. not affect the criminal aspect of the . ' . . TRiAL
MuN1c1PAL
. -. . Coun'rs 0
.
l
iI
i
sebTt_oN 4. -WHEN. BRIEF F.OR THE·APP'ELLE:I; • · · l'.E!l(iewing CO(irt is n~t ex·pected to ·sear~h the record .
·TOBE-FILED .. -for every·error'qf which the, appellant might ·take
. .. . advantage but did nc:it, nor would" it· be fair to ·.the
··. The· appell.ee. sha·u fili3 7 cqp_ie;," of Jhe b(ief with.·the .. ad,ve.rse par:ty· for the· .co'u"rt .to" do ·so-
jVillareaf v'. .
cler;k of"court ~ithil"} 30 days from :receipt ~if the -br.ief_ Pe'ople, G.R. No:_ 15)?-5B,;Febn.-t_a_ry·1,. 291~)- ··.: .
'of t~e· app.ellant acqompanied by.proof. of.s~rvice .pf· ·
·2 copies· thereofupori the appellant:
. . . . ~ ' . . .
. · · ·. . · · ·~ec.TfON . 1t .. Di~~,~~~~ : o/
APPEAL· · ·F~~
· ABANDONMENT OR·i=AiL:.uRE.TO-P.Rb$Ec(r_re·
, .: A r~p1y br~et,,on.tne other hand, may.t>E}·fi1eci. by the
. appellant -, Withi_n zo qa_ys from re~eipf of th~;~rief of . . Grc;µ.hds for dfsmissal~of-'~ppeals by" ttie CA:.
the -appellea, The. reply brief $hall traverse matters. . ·. (BEBaF) . . . , .· · . .· , . .
raised in the appetiee's brief but not covered · in the · 1. . Failure oo ·1he· part ot: the' appellant'to, file §ri~f
•. : brief of. the appellant .: :: . . '-' . . . ... within the 'r'eg)E!/nent~i:y.period, except when he
· . ,. ·· · · · ·.· ls'representsd.by ~ counse£"de:officio~.. _ ..
. SijER. 5.· EX'Tl:.NSION .QF·i'l_llilE FO.~:· t="1i..iNG·
c,.E-TF_.,_os·t:f . ·. ': 2. .§scaP,e·. of. "the appellant .. fr9~·· .. prJsdri" or."
contlnement: · :. . - · ,, :
. .. . . . •. . . · ., ··. · · . . ·· . ;3; ·whEin ttie.appella~tjumps Balli.ar;td. · . . .
.Extension of time fem the. filing· of btiefs will. not 'be · 4. · .flight ot the appellant to. a·fo"reig·n country during .
.allowed,.e?(cept:.· . ·. . . : ~ .. . . . . thependericy of theappeat. ·. . ·. . . . .
. 1: F.or' g_oi;id and _su.ffic;ient caus.e; and: . · ·. : •./.\ , · :· · . . ·, . · . ·, ·. . .. _ · : · . .-
2. . · Only if tl'ie motion for extenslorits filed before J~e'1·;.>-'Jf . Tl:i~ dismissal mew-be, made by the. OA.n'lbtil pr~prio
_· ··.e~piratlon -, of the time_sought JO"_b~ exten?edr/:·~:.f;;i or upon "moti~n ~y the :~ppellee, a"n_~'.with notlce' to
. ...
· -, , ~ · : . . -,.. · , . . . I;,.~· ... , ;1~." the~ appellant
'<:i·-',.,·,f-or. ...
1~ either case. . ,
· ...
· _. . .. :..
. . SECTIO,N.6'. .FORM OF B~IEFS· . .: -~· !\ ;:;,itd.-,;:ri~ · ·. . ;,,--,:--., . . · .. . ~ · . .. ·.-:.· ·· ..
· · · :· ·:- . .· · · · .·. · · ·. · ,_-· ;:.;:p-:·k_,~,'ij. r.~~~:-;~Jl,~p,P,e,al.Yf~S-d1s_tt11~sed:f?-r. fa1lure,.~o fire ·c;i
: SECTION·?. CONTENrs OF BRIE:F_S >--::;/· . ~st ~ brieFo·n-tfme-;,a.nd the order of dism1ssa_l had ..alre~p.y
. ·. ·. '. :· . · . . . · · . · /,;)< . .)L '].. become·fin ..;if,'itbe.lost.appeal-cannot.b'e retrieve9 l!>y
T~e: ~riefs .in -~ri~r~a(. ca~~s_-:shall-:_h~&,/iie··s~'!l~·,:··_i( filing~- m9ti.01fB{ n·e~.tr~al (Navarro_v. CA;_G.~. Nds...
· contents as provided in ..Se<";s,_1 ~ am#1.'4;).Rf;Jf;ft!: "44. [\J : t 12389-9U:A,.µg~~t1, _ 19g4). · · . . · · >·:. . ·.
A certi~etl true copy of ihe · d~foi~,{.6r fjn~:orde._f 1 t\. . . . . . j. · . ~. \~ . . . ·. : · :... : . ·~ . . . · :_ .
. appealed frqm shall_be ~PP~~e~to:t~~~9rief.9f the~ f.?i SECTlgt,l__ 9/U~R~MPT ~ISPOSITION· pF·_ THE_
appeJlanl
. · ... ·
.
· .· .. ·.: .. ~ · ~~:= :__ · ~i
.Necessity of. Makin~j"AssignmeYif~!·J$rrot,~. ·
..~·: _:_ ·t.::'(i) . ·
J/-
r:~ . - . . .
. · ~ :·,y·.-.=-;-~-1-)i) \:.'---. · , ·. ·cAS~-lr,;,:P,;J:,('>'!r-:7
~:~.:.:.~:~j.i:~ .
: · : . : · · . , · · .. :
. . : ·.·. . .. - .. - . ~
_.1~1 · · Appe.als of-accu.~ed ;who are ~nd~r. _detention, stialf.
An appea_l from the.sentenqe ·of1ti~ ,tr:1a~ co~~Jhroy,,s )\~7_b~i-~ivenprecedence over:o_ther·_appeals. :. : · ·
.~tie whol~·ca·se open to-a·review' byliti_e ..1=1ppellate. ,;:;;~::~\,,~~:.1·' · . ·. . · _-· · · · .· · , .
-court . - ' · . ,· .· · ' ·. · . . . . r;,r.; · .;-~,,_~if.fie,.;,€~.'...5H~IIhear . and decide . th~ ·:appe_aL_af ti"\~
. -:·,· .·: .· _. .. _·.. : .· · · . .-·_-);\ !''';._ · earlie.s.~pra,ciicabletime~t.~dueregar~tothe_rights_.
· . Hence;_ 1t 1s not. ess~ntial_ . .for. the: !:ii;:cul1:1~M~_·3t1~ke. of_lhe part,... ::;. . · . :. . . :. · .
assigrtmelit-of ertots:in"~i~ l:>~ief: -: : ·. "' • · ·
. '\ ·"("he-accused need"nbt_be present-i"n court.durihg"the.
· · N:ot~ithstandih~ \he abse·nce:'ot _ah
·asiignl)'lent :of . hearing of the _appeal.· . . . "'·
errors, .the appells:ite :court wiirrevil:,w· tne rec.ord· and
· · · ... re:verse · or modify_. the· ~1ppe~led jui:!gr:nerit, 'Mfo!l!Y, . secT10N 10., · JU.E>"G.MENT. · ·Noi ·:To· .. .: ~e-
. on grounds· ~hat. the: oour;t.had. ri<Y jurisdiction er that- .. · REVERS.ED· OR MODIFIE_D.; · • ·. . . , .
the · acts.' p"roved ·do. not constitute- the· 'offense··
charge_d."'bu"t also"o,:i preju~iqial errofl?, ti{tlle--:right ~f. No j~dgment._Sl)i3fl be rev~rsed" or·motlifie_o un1e·ss-~·
accused which are. plaln-i ·ru.n<:Janrental, :v!tal; or.. . the.CA; afte.r an examination of th~ re'c6rd and of the·
seirious, ·1?r-<>i:i" error's whi.c~ go· to -the. su_ffibl~nc~ of": . $V.idence adauced ,by the" parties; i~ri·o(ttie-:opinipn '
·the evid_.enc;:~ to convict (f/;ijlippine-Rabbit Bus·L:.ines, · . . .that· error wa_s com.mltted which. injuriously ."affect.eel
Inc. v. People; G.R: Noi 1"41!03,-"April-1"4,- 2Q04j: · . ·. . th_e suq~tantial righti,; of thi3 apP,~llant.. · · ·. , . ·. .
"However, the· ·saici :rule· do.es' 11ot-~dispen.ie wfth ·. General ruie.: The findin·gs of thefJudge· who:1ried ttie · .. ·.
· the nec~S$lty :c;>f·p.o.inti~g.·ou(ln_~-On:te other .fo"rm cc;1se arid heard the witnesses are. Rot distu_rbed on- "" ·
·technical .and non-fund.a"tjle.ntal errors whic;t, do appeal.. . . : '' . . ..
· .: . ~ot-.a"ff~c.t the substantjal rl°gltts. o,t an ·ac,cused ·tQ
· .a fair-trial·and are ncit,·patent. Such technical and· Excepti~n: Wh~n it is shown th~t-the .tri~l -co~it nas '
· non-fundamental· · errOl'.S. mul?t . qe Sp~Cified "with ov~rl.ooked·certain facts of.s"ubstance:and value1ha't, .. · .,
convenient· proposit10A· and ar~ument.if· they ~re· to if ccinsi'clered, IT!ight affect ·the . result of. 'the. case. .
be made the basis for modification-or reversal ofthe (People v.. Ancheta G:R. · .Nos. ' 138306-07,
appealed judgment or for further Proceedings. The . Decembw: 21; 2001) ·
:I
competent-to examine .records, revlse.fhe.judqment . ,Section· 12 of this Rule or refer the trial -to·the court -,i}/
appealed -frorn, increase the penalty, and 61.t.e· the· of origin · · · · - · · : :-,~
\','.1. /V~'~1;~7/~~~
0 \;~~~~f;JReople v Nguta, . • SECTION 1~. ~~cb,Nsl~E~AJ;(>N •. . . . . ... ·
.SECTION.12. P0WER··TO RECEIVE EVIDENCE ... ~ motion .foi" reconslderanon ~tlcil.1 be filed Within ~5 .. ·}i(t
. . : ... ···:. : ·... . .. ··.· ··.·. . daY,sfrom".noticeof{_he·decisionor"tin"alor<;l.erofthe···.;:,t
.0th.er .powers pf the CA: (CPR) . . · · CA· ·,. . . . · · - .. ,<:.
1.... T_o try. Case"s and· conduct hearings·; · . . . -. . . . -, . .. . . .. hf
2. , ·.feirtor;:;;- any and all' acts· necessary to 'resojve T.he. motion )llUSJ setforth the . groimds° in. SQppo~.· ?l
factual issues· raised irt cases: · · .· ·· . · thereof and coples of thesame must be served upon :],
,a·.. ::F~lling . under .its· ·._ongln~, · · and. appeuate the ~dyers~ party. . · · :· . · · · ·· · . · .· ..• ...;;~~
.j(irisdic~on; · . . . .· . . . .· -• -, . .mitti~u~·shai1
· · . . . ,. . . ,~
. : .. P·:. lnc_h.id(ng_··.t_he P.<?"."'er .t.?- _gra~f aad_ ·cdndt.i9t. .
n~w. tn~ls or f~rther proqee_d1n_gs._ · ,,;.,,_~Jg_e·
The
0
•
·Mlgment and forthwit~ <:ce~fi t~ lrse· and·.-..~--..:...... Nos. 2
elevate}~l'!·entire record:~o/~·· pfo~,vi~w; · llit , ,~'··
~1·
·. /
. Jl;ld9[!1en~ but refr~Jn · f ff~""}.Tiat.1f!g.!n·~~ntry,:q~\!r:@,~j;°t1on~oi:..r.eco!~derat1 n {l(illaro.s__a v:.~eople; J3.__F~. · ·.
1
63 ,J.ufy'-rf, 201.BJ _. ·...
;ff::J. ·
l ~-f§ - · '. .
· ·' <: :
.. · ..
:;j
· '~l
_j
2 .. Where ·t.h~. jl:l~Qment. ·a~oli·i~!l!?se~J'\~se~. £., . · g..;_gffJJ : .#vhile'! fa.· s~co~d: . motion for; -1
_ ... Re~alt_Y: fa! offenses ,co~mitted~n.·thf~~"tm.~~' · ·'~~f@.~i9e~~tignJs•. :afa:ge·ner.al·.rµI~'. a:proJ:i.ibi_~~tl · ··i
. . <;>ccas1on · Qr, Which. ar?s~. out" of~ the:'j~11t~-.,,,:,,,"',,.lpft$~1~g·, 1~$'W!~rl"ltfl"e·~o1:1r;ird[s_c_rebo!1. of~~e·C~urt. . --:~
occurrenqe that ,gave. nse·.t~, the ~r~ s!~~Ie)T_EN~C>ta.9fl:1U);l~ same,.ifro~1ded 1t 1sfil~d WJl.!'l pnor_leavi;, . ,.ij
offense tor .. ~,ch the pena._Lty ofldeaJlj -,s-:!.. ~-- :_ !;.,J,Jr~.r;\ev.er, '.~J:>st~nti:,.,e Jt,Jstidf )Tl_ay be better ser:ved ··~
impo,sed,. a~d the a9cused appe~l~:~t_h"§tp~{e~J.--.. -·x::,.ffijfepi\, (:s?i/j.foso V. · . CA!·. G.f~. No ... 164815, . . -~,
~hall be i!1c1u·ded 1!1 the case ce~fie'dJoflr.e]ti.ew '!\j't·/l f§/"t.>.to/''~Jv<1;· 200fJ).,. . . 1. · ~ :·· . . . .. . ·. ~·~
!;;,,.,..9- .. . . :.-. · . :. .· · .
_to th~ St.Jpreme:qourf; and · . .~~~-....:.. ·.,...\ it_r
· . 3. '!'JK~neverthe CA.finds ttiat the.pen·a1ty9fdeafh,~ote: Even if a .seco11q ll),Oti.on fot_recoosideralion is
·,:e.clusion perpetua,"or· li_fe i~p~~orim~t sh~uld.. entert,_ai~ed,::th~,· r,i!glementary · period f9r.. ~ filing .an. · ·. ,.i1
1~
-~· 1
·appeal is .~ill-reckoned. fr9m .the receipt of the denicll · · Al
. · be. imposed .in a cas.e, tl)e court, a~enliscusslon
..·'. · ·at ·the_ e~idence_ ·.and ··the)aw· Involved, sh~II ·
·. reri~er. judgm_eri\ Imposing the ·pen~lty of death,
of. ~e · .fir.st ·.moti.9.r:f}Qr ..r.eqobsld~(ation -{Reye,s .. ~,. ·
People, GR., No/ -193034; ,;/u.ly 20;· 2()15):-. · , . . · • ~i~
<~
. reclusion perpetua· or ·lile -imp·risonnien"t as the·· ·. . .. ·· ... :'. :. .... . .· ·. ,. ·.. · . : '.··. . .: .... <:.:.,:
· cirCU!P5taqce~.·warra~t.·Hqwe~c:3r,·.it sh?ll. refr~in S_EC"I:lON · 1.7; J llPG"~ ENT . TRAN S~IITED.' AND· . ·. ?~
. .froTTI ent~nng the judgment.and forthw1th.cert1fy ·. . . FILED IN TR!AL.COJJRT : .· .. · '::-:·;
· the qase.. z1nd eleV,ate.thEfentifo reCdrd thereof to:. , . . . F. > ,.{b :.·/. · . ..
.. · .-.the'Supreme Court fpr review.. . . . T,rimsmltt,al ofJ.u.~gm~nt t~ ,court a quo. . . -;~
. · ,. . · . . . , _ .. . . After tne judgment h;i"s. been ~f!tered, !3 _certified_ · · ."J.I
SECTIO~ 1·4. MO.TWN.FOR NEW TRIA4. · ·co·py of the entry ·should ee -tr~nsmltied to .-the clerk ·: ·'~l
of the court of origin. . . . . j
MotiGl'n for new trial' based on newly. discovered ,. . . ·. - -~
evlderrce m~Y. be fil¢d at 'any t1me·atter the appeal ·
from the lowercourt has been perfected and.before
. The copy ~f thEr-~ntry'~~-~e~ as t·~·e·f~;m~l."n.qti~~ to . : -~
the court from which the --~PP.. ea.I was tak~n.of. the .:·A ·'J
.
the Judgrn"ent ·of the appellate court convlctlnq .tre- disp0sition of the cas·e in ihe app.ellate -court, sp that '"J I
I'
. accused becomes flnal. · the Judgm"eni mpy be executed an.dt or placi=ld or. : :1
(See diSCU$SiQn under Rifle 121; Sec. ·2)
. noJed J11 the prqper·file (PAMARAN; supra
~
704).. . ;~ at
'i
\.
-.~1
6.36
·..
I 2019 SAN SEDA LAW CENTRALIZED BAR OPERATIONS
. .. , .·~
.J1
-·-··--------·-··---------·
C:R'l'Ml''NA. L·;P·R·o.·c·E'·D·'·U~:
• ·I . : ·.~ E':'· .
lil . R· • ••• • :. . ;_ .:. ,:·.
May b_~ .served :°n any To: be.. served· .onty ' i~ ·,.
day and at any time ·of daytime · unless -~-tt:ie
day or night (ROG,. RULE. ·affidavit ·alleg!3s ·tliat"th~ .
113, Sec. 6). . property 'is· ·on- · the ·
person or in the-place to
be·· · searched '(ROC,
. RULE "126/Sec.-~J.
~pecific. offense Dimal v,:.P~opfe, G.R .. No.· 21692:2, shall be enforceable nationwide a~d outstde of
A'pril 1?, ~018) .... · · ' · · the· Philippines.- (Sec.. ·2.2, AM.. No. -17':'.1-1-03~
· ··. ·, -SC, Rule on Oybercrime: ~arrants}. · .
SECTION.:2; COURT-.\_'Vfi.EREAPPllCATION..F,OR'.·. · ·
SEARCH WARRANT.S.HALt.BE FILED SEGTION 3.: PERSO.NAL ·:p~Q-PERTY: :ro-·.-ei;
_. '. . ·. SEIZED:•: . . -· ·· · .. .
General ~u.le: ·An application fqr search .warrant . . . '· · .
shan be fil~d .with any court within whose terrttortat ' Kinds of·. pr~perty t~. be··-s~l2;ed by v'Jitue'..of a
. J_u~i&dlctlbn ·a t_r.ime _was commltted. :· ·. . . warrant: (SMS) · · . .·. · . : ··· . . -
· · · · 1. , §abject of-the offense: : .-· ... . ··
E;xceptlons; '<RP-P.t:-flL~-DaG~T) .: ·. : : ·. . . . . . ?- --~folell - .or erribezzled- -~-nd.·other. 'proceeds. 'or
. 1 :. "For compe.lling fteasciris; it can be;fileC,,wi.thtne: · tr.vit~ of the. offense; or :' .- .•. -, , · .
··., · court within·whc:i.seJuciicial regioo the· cri,ne was· . . .3: ·. The· Means used ordntended to··'t>e "used for ·
. : .comrnitted . or- where . the: -warrant . s1iall be cbmmitting an'ottense. ..: . . . . ..
.. :enforced. . : . : ; .. ·.. . - . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . ·.' . .. . . : . '
.: .. · ·N~t~: 1ir,.e rule do~-s-~~t re~ujre tha~:·th·e-~rop~r.tyl~· --~
NQte:·THe-inqh,..isig~·~f aetaternenrofcompelling · · be selzedshould be; owned-~}' 'the person a·gainst. ·
· _-reasons ina' search warrant appli.catio.nthat is -whomthe searehwarrantls directed . .It· may or may
. filed in a' court which does. no_r-.hav~ territorial not-be owosd.ny him: It is suftlclentthat·the· ~ers6n ··.
jurisdiction over the_· ptace of commission·_ of the:,/•~· .against whQ_rn the warrant"is-dire~ted :has control or.
. alfeged··crime is-a mandatory requirement,, ~9.'':1\(J{ p-ossess[on:: i)f. the· prqperty':so'u.ght' to ·be- seiz_ed
the-;,:absence oL:.suctr staterrient r.en.ders{Lt~-~_!;('ii'i<·_..(Burgos-·,· v... ~hie( of: sta-ffr,: G.R>. No. · L~64261, ...
· .. ~PP!icatio!1 d~fective:. su·~ the·ab~e~ce th~r.fPt,~;;~;t\ Decem_per 26: 1984):_· ·_··: .. : . -:'.: · · · _. . .- .. ·.
'" IS _not_.a·g_ro~~d .f~r ~!;! ?-u~ng_ht_dernal.of a se~,ro/,\. ,.,,,.:i!,,.,,~,.._~.:.~··;.·_ ,~~ ... ·,, · .. _ · >:.-. · · : · . : . - · .... ·
... W~rr~~t appl1cat1o_n.; Smce It IS no~ Of1e;f?fltti_;.dt,<~,.t:.;.,.,,i.a~?1arfl)J',}C15lentalto a_n arrest ev~r't ~itho:ut a
O
soughtJn. connection ,with the.·offe·n~e are· in. the ·The :·abserice of a.probable cause .for; a p~rticular.
place souqht to be;sea.rched'(Wor/dwide Web·CorP.. article doesnot ger:ierally.invalidate the warrant as a
v. People, GR-. No. 1-61-106;,Janaary 13,. 2014). · ~hole but may be severedfrom'the rest which·r'neets
. ·, . . . .. •... ·the-·requirements:of probable cause: and particularity
(People v. Saltinguit,·G.R -, Nos.' 13325'!-55,· April 19,
2001f'. · . . .
. complainant or the witnesses.he may ,produ~e· 'and j
not-based on mere.hearsay, The test of.sufflciency SECT.ION · · . 5-. . EXAMl~ATIO_N· OF · THI;: . ·.~t.',·'.
of a deposition -or affidavit is whether· it has been' C.OMP.L.AltilANT;.RECORD .
. . . . . : .. .
Parti.c.ularl-y Require111ent . , agai!lstwliorn 'it<is ·.directed, .the offense .for.which it
. Tlie purpose of th~ rule is to le.ave'the officers of the . ', Wc;IS :.Jssued,' the ··place· -tc;> be searched ,ind the
laW with. no discretion regartiing_ what 'articl_es they_ · _ . ,Specific thl!?QS fo be seized. ~ikewise·;' it must contain .
shall ~~iz,e·, .tcf th~ end 'that <runrecisoriabte sea'rches . I . a directiye to :law enforcement officeFS: to se~rch th\3
and Seizures~ l)'lc!Y·not b!;l rriade.-:-·that abUl?eS may plac'e.ther¢in unequivocally'identJfied,·and to.seize
. not be: committed. (Tambasen v. .People,C GR.· No> the. person or things' therein specifically a~scrlbed;
Bft103.July 14, 199_5·· . . and'tcr t:i'ring them- tq·'the cciurt. The warrant must
bear.· ttie . · s'ignatu~e.. -bf~ ·the . juage· · issuing it
Test.to Qetermioe .Partiel;!larity: . .. (f'ARAMAN, ·sqpra at-745). · · . . . ,. · .
1. When the descriptibn·thefein. is as specific as ..
. ..· ' ' .
. the circumstances wil.1 ordinarily allow : Note: -S~;rph · warrant .. -c.~nnot .. ··i;sue · · against
. 2. Wh~n· the description ~xpcess.e~ a 6oncltisfon of . diplpmatic officers. Diple>1Ttatic immunity; wheth~r by
fact - not of law whlch the warrant officer may vi'rtue.· bf the Vienna Convention ·on Dipl,c:itnatic,
be guided ill making ttie search. and seiz~re';•a'nd · Relati.on; ·or give11 · iii -~ hpst. agr_eeinent- with the
~-· When the things described are limited to. those Philippines, carries·with it, among ·other diplomatic·
which ·bear dlreqt relation to the . offense . for priv[lege~.· and immunities,' personal . inviolability,
which the warrant js. being issued (Uy. v.' BIR; iriviolabiiity of . the: official's·. 1:iroperties; exemption
· G.R: No, 129651, October 20; 200f!)- • frorT) local jurisdiction, and exemption from taxati?n
· and customs ·d~ties (WHO ·.v.: Aquino,..G..R.· No: t: . SECTION e.: SEARCH, OF aousa, ROOM :oR
3513·1, November.29,. ~9,7.Zf. · · ·· · . · ." · · .. · PRl;MISES TO BE MADE IN PRESENCE OF TWO .
WITNESSES . . .: . . ·. ,
SECTIC>N' 7. · RIGHT -ro BREAK 't>OOR- OR To ensure thatthe-execution o(the warrant' will be .
. WINDOW TO EFFECT SEARCH · . 'fair and reasonable, and 'in order-:;to Insure. that the
· · officer conductinq the 'search shaunot ·:exceed .his ..
. Th'~ ~fficer,· it .refused admlttance··to· the· pi~c;e oi authority or use· unnecessary 'severltyln executing-
dlrectedsearcb after giving notice othlspurposeand . the 'search warrant; as well as torthe ofticer'sown
authority, may break open any'outer or, inner door or- .
':protection -against. unjust- accusattons.• ii is -requlred
. -wlridow pf ahouse-or any part_pf~ nouse or anything thatthe search be-conducted inthe presence of.the:
.. therein to execute the Warrant orhberate hirnselt or .to
1-. '. Lawful occupantof the place besearched; or .
any · person lawfuliy .aiding .him' when un_l_awtully · 2. . Any member of tJis family; .or : · . :· ··. .' '
detained therein. . . .. . . . 3. In . their- .absebce, .. in, the: presence 'of two .
. · , · ··' · . . . . . . . · · wltnesses ·of..,sufficient age -and ~iscre~!on
General Rule: KpQck.-.~_nd.,J\n'noun_c.e·firin~ip)e:./ resid.ilJgin thesame loca,lity:. ,,::- .
Officers ~Xecutirig''ii 'search .must' do· the follo~ing . : ..
. acts (AIS.E): . · · · · ··· · · .. Hierarchy ofWitnes,ses . ,, .. . .... ·. ·
1 .. AnRounc~.thelr presence: . . .: _ ·... In Peopte. v, Got the SC .rendered in~dmiSsible.the
2.· Identify themselves .to the accused and .te the . . . evidence obtained in violation · ·of ···'the ·rule .: and
• · pers~ns ,:who. rightfully'·have: possess.io·n:of.'. the·.,/.~. ·~_tress~d that the. Rule.s of ~ourt'clearly a~d-.~~ptici:t.Ly
prerruses to_be:sea_tched;:·. : · ..' : · .· ·... : . .t:/';";,,·)il.._ esta_t,hshes a· l;iu~rarchy .. among the .witnesses.· m
'3.' .§.how to them_,the s~ar'Cl:'l W!'irra~t~ and··•·. , f.\./1,,~:;,, whose prese.ncethe-search ofJhe premlses·mL!srbe·
4: :§~plain .. t!'l.e· W?rrailt .. in· a , language br.. di~l~qr,;,.·, t:·,\:
cor;i:du_cted,-'Secti6n_-.13. R.ule.. 126:, p_rovides;il:iat :the .
· -known .and 1,Jnderstood ~tth~°:1: ": .· : .. \J(,~;~:.}.;;~\~'~-c_hs;t:,9,gla- be -~itne~·sed' bt .-_2·.~it,0es~es. of ..
· .·. , .. · .: · " · ·> ... :· -:---·•c ·., ~ · .• .- ./,7 · (1,,,::,.,.i_,,, .....SJ!J'f)~rer1t..,.age1andd1scret1on resrdrng m the .Same·
kf.
The.requir'en:ient-.is n!t'~ · mere .proc13d_~t<"!!Jor~a.lity~1 iodali_tfl•enlyf}r. 'the· :'a~sence .Qf. eitber.' the lawf~I
bu~_ll,'. of the ,~ssE;_nC~::of lh1r _subsfa~tJ:aPprov1sroP'\.l . occ.~pant oy1\q°J~ premrses or any_ member .o.f ,hrs
which_ safeg,u~~ds.;1,:id1vrd_ual.lrb~r1ya:lnJt'.!.(;lfta'!awr.vr.J. rl: famrly. -_{! -~- 1\ . . , _- . . ·: · '
!,
e1;!ry IS the..:r~d1~p~~sable p~ed1ca~eBi:a. rEr~s.o~a~I~--. r;~ ·, _,. !/ 1 \.. : .; . - . ·. . . . ,. . . . .
sea~ch. A searqh · Wo1.Jld y1,olal'r;Jfie·cd~sHtmtron~. -~·<.\ · _In Pe?PI?,· v. -~et °q_ast11/o,_ the SC r~le~.tt,at ~!.t~o_ugh
~uara'n.tee ag~inst_u,11~ea~ona1?Jt:~,earciy~~-~ se!~ure\ f!3-
the_!av.1,!?IC>CJf_Pa:ri~were pr:esent_dUf:11;)9 ~e:s_e!=lrc.h., i
I
.-rf the en_tr-y. were rllegal,· ~et~-ef,a~.mP}J~he.cr-!?.x · · .: ~·':! tt:le f~?}}!it?J·!-~i},~~e not _anow,ed :t<;1· ~1tness the . I
for9ce, or b~ threat :or s,h9w oU~?e··9-!'.=S?R!~ineo:-:,tq~- .· · t:~:f _s_ear~ns_o.f:t~2'1.J:1~em17es _.violate~ -the !l'l_a_nd!3_tory. lt
_. stealth, or.. coertibn (Pf3.C!ple _v. Hfi.fi?Y.d/2._liJ,~'} ·Ha;; CJ req'tJrrement. · . · ... ' . . . . : . · .. ·. . . :_ . .
· _ G.R. No: 13930,1, Septemblf)t 29, 2BOiJ.. . ·\ -'J-·. .. l-ll...~. ~- .· . • · , , . · . . .• · .. . ...
. . - . , · - . ·. ... , :. ·." . {'.,_, -;J.;,:.. . . , . h· .wirwBlf!<JWfan v. People; the SC .decided for the
Exc~P1ions:.~-Wbei'l unannouncec(<iit:usio11-\tt;T'..:'.:.:~:~.±I.a~~Wit~.!.~he :3i:;cused !Jecau~e ?f ·failure t~ -~#~p_ly _·,
pern;iissible: (B.E~K} · · : ..... ·, · . : · . . ~H . · . .-
j/J\{ · . y.>r~h the afo_requ~te~- ~le·, --~~rch .: -rendered.. the:·.
t .. When'_ officers ha:ve· an honest g~lief)t.itWher~ . . evrdence against ~111) madmlssrble. .
· is a11 imm_in'entdanger to' lif~ and -lirnt?;;~ - . · · ·
2. · V\lhen·-·thc:is~ ·in :u,e··"premises; .aware of tne -Here,· the.. hiera:rch.s,· .among .tti·~ ·w,tnesses .as-·
presence· .. ,6f: ~oriiione . ··ai.itside,c: are . then . e_xpljcit1y pr,-0vid_ed u~de.r·the law. was ·_not qo-mplied
· §ngc;1ged li'I actjV1ties which ..justrfieS· tne ·officers : With., For. Ofle; the-lawful OCQUpa_q.ts·of 1fre:,pr:en'iises
to. J:>.elfeva that:,an.-escape <i>r tne ':destn:ic;:tiori.of . ·wer~ . not '·abs'.ent when,, .the' : po_llce:. iii,ltt,orili.es ..
· eviC,~riGe is in:iminent; . . .. , , . . . ,.·. . · irnpl~mented the search wartan( E'veri so;-.t_he two-
~: Persor,i ;)n pr.emises::·,B'efus.~s·to r;>pen it ·upon · . , witrtess·'_rule· ~as not' compl1ed whh. as ;one . only
'demarid: •or·, · .. · · · ·· · · · .. · .. . "'{i\1;1ess, l;l_rgy.· Kagawad Ar:,galot.'was p_resent'when
4.. Person .in· the premlse's aiready .·finew ofthE/ the·· se·ar_chwas c9n~l.jcted (()af?on _ 'v. Peopl<f, ·GR.
'- identity and authority of Hie :officers. · . · No. 2'QfJ775, January 22, 20ftJ).. '. . · ·. . ·
if.the'.s~ine is based·upo~ tiear~aY., the ge~eral rule . Within 1 o· clays after Issuance of Sea.r~h'\/\Iarrant,·. · );:~
shall· apply (AJ.varez v: CF/ of. Taya bas, G·.-R: No.L- .. the: judge shall-ascertain if ·3 -return-fias been· . _:"f.§1
. 45358,. JtJnuary 29, 1.931t 'made: . . . .
·.. 1. If it has been made : ..
. The searcnwarrant viotated the 'speclfic:injunction.s The judge: shal('a'scertain. Y.!!'1ett)er-J~:u1e 126, ·'\i'
of Section [9j' of Rule 126. · The' search warrant. in· Se~t_(~-". 1 ~ has· been ~n_:ipll~d · wlth and. shall '. ·'t,
question ·,e·ft blank -the "time". for· making. search, require deJ,very oft~e. property seize.d... . ·. · : "1f
Whlle.adu_al search.was conducted-in ~IJ~ eveninq'of . . . . .. ' ". .,,. . ··,:
October 27 19Q5. at 7·30 p rn ·until the wee· hours 2. 1t'1t' has· n.ot,~een· made ...... · ... ' . ,fi'
·. of tH'e 'morri·i~tg'c{octObe~ 2s;'.19s·s. th~:> causlnq The judgE(~h:an::Sumr:nqn th_e:..e,secuting officer :-(}
.untold lnoonvenlences ·. to .petltloners herein. ._ and requlre__ t!"l'_e-latt~~:to explaln..": . · ", · ·.. · ·.-/j
.. Authorities are of the viewthat.where a search ts to · . · ··: ·· · ·· · · .:; .. . . • · .-.1·
.. be made dLirfng. the. night. time, -the 'authottty for_ . Viol;:itlq~ of this set;:!i?n shall cpn_stit.u~e.con,tempt. ·i
exe·cutingthe same.atthat ti&,e shouldappear in the. .Qf court. . .. . . '~,
to ·.<(
. ' :;;~;s::i:/J: :i~3r
·dire'ctlve on (he face of the w~rrant(Asia Surety~nd : SEbTl~~·:·13~ ~EAA~,~--~Ntlo'E:Nt ·LAWFUL
'1-ferrera,. ?·~-. No: L-25232, ·:ARR~s:r . _· .· ·. ;_· .· · r •• :· \':·Y--· . . .. .: _:... _:'. : .· : , ;·:~;
··· . .. . . .. Wf:len may the·r~ibe'a·-sear·c~withoufwarr.ant: (IF- ·" ·i:
.SEC:ION :1.0. VALIO.ITY OF ~~E SE_':~~'::"=:-'=~~g.oM~-~~EP).. :-.- '.:~,·...... .· ~~-- : .· :::fi~
WARRANT . . . . . . . , ... ...,~· . ~ . I 1\ ,..,.... .. . . ·-- . . . ; . J~
· · ·:: . .. . . . ·· . :. ~ ·J' U·
~ .. ·. . _i'i\f S_g'arff.~J~c!de~!·ilto a La~fi.il.Arr.e~t · ·.... : : ... -,it
Ten.days· from·1~s date, t_hereafter, 1Jl'f{_a:fo~:~01cf;_~~=~~ ...'{!{he_~~~ ·~t.~est 1s'm_a.de, 1t ,s r~asonl:iblefor the
search:.war-rant can be used okly ~···'fb.et~after.it · . 'a"r~est1ng:off1Gerto searc.h the per~;onarrested in· · : :-:41
:J!
.beco_mes·fl.}nctµs officio:·_ . ·. . -~~~=-~---.~t.~4ot~mo~a.~~w~apori th~t the'l.~tter.-migh('. :7-1
· · _ · ·· . . · , .Q'\ 1r- f . , .;m · . '],~ "'W. use~n i~?~~
'\i\'.hite· under· ~eclion 10, a ~earchiwarra~t hasl~ jl _·Lll\.·.1n a~ditic(~.fif Js\ei'itireJy,.reasonable:for the :)i
•.r~-~1st ?•rElst or effec~ his escape.. .'}~
..validi!:Y Qf:10'da~s. ·nev.~rth~le_s~.it.:8ann-?~b'e used '\1:"-~ arre~t!n_g. ~rc':ir)to,search lor_ a_nd s~ize any )~
. every day of. s~1d.. penod {~!!,J5nf'e. a~1~0es. , . ~~ . ·ii~~~--_ . ~v1~nc~ ·?~ ~,..aVes_tee's.pe~n._ln· ..order' to 31
alr~at;ly beer:i se1z~d .under.s.qt~Wri:1~,rant_,_ 1t ctann1'H1.6e7JI" r'" ~!IJ,prevgmt,ts ·c;ofrceaj&e.ntor destrucl1on•. · ·. . ·-~
, u~eQ"ag~i~ for._another.. se8itS.h:,,~il~
whe~ :·~1;1 . se~r,c::~·. conducfi8'd~Q.R,io~~~~ · was
.s~izure.;·_e~c~~' rr~n J/ c::1 :- .1 Jf · · .• ~
-~?!72 ._. ~,,r,il· . · ··;. . · · · . : · ·
,Mo(f>:J:y,r;.. ,ry11_awf'.1:1l ,rrrests,1t becop;i~s bot!l. th,e . -.:.~
}l
intern.ipted.,·. in which cas~ r,1~0\{~am@'.').~~y-· Bero]· . , ,:s; . ~fi:lli"£.~ t~.eJr;1g~flthe appr.eh~nd1n9.officers to . 1
continued ·und~r the ·salT)ew'\rr:ant'tf:\.ffqlfQ~~.,da~ ~~~ J,Sl!:'\~Y&'.au~arraliltJes.s. s~~(ati,.not·only._on. the ·,i
if net: bey<?nd,.the 10-day PWiod (t;jy Kh.....'if$t'l.~\~E ,:i;., -< £fw~n·. gri -the .Jsu~p~ct, ·. but · · al~o -·in ·. the . · J
Vill§lrea.f,.G.R. No. 16009._Sept~mber2.:/.. 192Q). · . ~1?Jli'fo1s~JBle: .~re;t · .~.th_m:. the'· latter's .re;:ic.h_. · .:\~
.. . · · · . ·. :· . - ·. '\,. (~" · .l.."Sc· . ~ b dth~!)'Jise · st~t!d, ~ :yahd . arrest allows· th~ ·J
SECTION: 11. RECEIPT FOR -~-HE ·. p~~Ei'trvd:t:~~j_t.ur'et.,,!?f · e,.viqence · or dangerous . weapOfl.S <-4
. Sf.lZED.' . . •. . .. ... -~~ -f9n-~~===-~"'""~i~~r 91ftf.i~'p~rso11o~ the ~ne_:arr!:)~tedor,wi~hin . j
. , . '"· -. · .. ·. · · . ~ \.,/;/' ~· ·HA.. ...._,:..t.,f\ei;:i)ept&i_h1~·.1r:nmed1.ate_control.· · .. ·., .· · ·· .··?
. The officer ~eizjng the property· under 1h~a!c;lnt
must:· .. . . . .. .
l\t ~;1~0: ;,:-1~~
... _,_----=""'=""'.,.._..,.=-~"Flnaliy,
•. , · .. - · : . : . - .. · · .. · . .:· _ · ;
t}l!n~rr-estmust pre.ced~·~h~- search.an"! .
. . :@
~1
1_·: · · Gjve _.i \:l~t~iled receipt f6i" t_he.sa'me\o. the lawful;. . · 'not, t~e . rev_erse · (Peopl_e: v,. Cf!/arifl;jlo'. .(1.R. No. · :.,
.. · 'occl..Jpanl of the premises ·in whose ~iresence.tbe :-2039,~4;Ju'?e;_1B, ~014): ,, · : · . ··.... · .•: , ... · ,~
. : .· j;~arch a~d s_eizuri3_~ere·.~~d~;:?_r·. . :· ·. ·..,: :N~verthe1ess, a·. ·,{e~rch-> . s4bstar:i.uaiiy .. ;j
2_•.. l~__ the ab~~_r,c~ _of s~ch C??_cupan~.-~~st, 10._the tonten1poran.eo~s·.'t'l(ith._.a~ >,,;.~~-~t.
can' .Pt~~ede ·. -_:~
.. pr~5.~n~e.-?f ~t ~e~$t .t"'.'~ w,t_nesse~ of ~u_ffiC)~n~ ·ttie arrest ~.-,tJi~, pplic~ 'have.ptqbabl~ _ca4;,e to }~
. agl3/md d1s.~r~!1on residing. in th~ .sc;1_me !ocaht.y., ma~~ Jhe ~.rrest..~t:..t~e outs¢t':<>f. the. se·arcl).· .j
_le~ve a_recE:JPt. in ~he plac~ in wh19h.he fol.Ind the_ ipedpte:·v. Racho· $.R~ No. 186529.·Al.igusrs · .. :.ft
se1zed:prdperfy:-:: 201·0). ·. . · '· · · · - ·: '· · ,. ' ' · · · ' :}
SECT.ION . fa .. DEl,.IVERY._.' OF. P.ROPERTY ANO
. .. .~
.lmmediate;ControlTest . ... .. :. . -~
IN_VEl'ffORY' THl;:REOF ·. 1'.0 COURT~ RETURN Th'e.area.that inay be_v.alictly tear-ched is-limited ,J
.AND:PROCE.EDfNGS THEREON· .. _· :·
.. to the area 'w~thirT.the' immeqiate control· df the '·-~
. person arrested. '' . ·=.l
DuUes of the Ex¢9·uting Officer: · . . ··:. . . ·ir
1.: · oenver the property s.eized;. and A search .Incidentalto it lawftffwartantless·arrest . }
2- . Make a true lnvent9ry thereof to lhe judge who may extend beyond the p.erson :of· the ·one .. ,:
is's1_.1ed the warraht. · . · · ·· .. arrested:fO.include fhe··prernisesor SOrroundiRgS .:'.~
·. und~r his Immediate control (Peoplti v. Musa, .. ::
G.R. No. 9S829,!anuary 27, 1993).- · ;'. ·
..•
. .
642 1· 2019 .SAN BEDA _LAW CENTRALIZED.BAR OPERATIO~S
CRlM 1-NAL
SAN BEDA LAW• CENTRAl:IZED
·PROCE·DUll:E.
BAR.OPERA110NS• .: MEMORY A/0'2019;
• • -• •I•
. law ·may.. oe ·.s~arched Without the .need of. a 2. lf.-no· crimina! action has._be~n instituted, .it may \l'.·
. search . warrant. However, \he · search. bf. a · b~ filed in. andresolved by the' court that is.sued .. · :;
dwelling house may be made only· upon-warrant .: ·. t~e_searc~·wa.rra_nt)jow.~.ver;if such ·c:C?.urtf<jiileci ?j~ i
issued by a 'judge:·· (R. ·'A=._- 10863;' i:>iherwise. 'r- . . to resolve fhe. mo~10.n and· 'a criminal. case is .,;~
known as the Customs Modernization and Tariff -:- . . subsequenuy filed jn. another court, the.motton. . ·.~
.Act)' . ·· ': · -, · ·. ·. , :· , :. · · · · . ··stiall be-resolved-by the)c:1t~er ~urt._.. · . :·. ·, ... f
.. Nott!: The ·-jurisdicli~n of ·the Co·~-~i~~i~n-er'of . :.. P.a:rty'.~~o. m~y_;que~tf on. ·~al;°dity. s¢arch. 'and .·. -~;: of
Customs· i.s .clea~iy; w,t~ · re'gard ,tc:,... pustom~ : .· seizure_ · ·... . . . · > . . . . :. . . . .. . . .. ·.\·
.duties,_ Sho~li:l _the P,NPc susp~ct' a~ytf:iing,_j!~.,.~~n .apphcat10~ ror -~ sea~ch :,v;i.rr~nt·1s_.not ~ cr!~m~al. ·. ;J
·stii:mld f_Oor?i~ate with the. BOG:a~d.'9_!t.t·ai_ff"th~y y fetl:>q~en.c~, any a.~~ryev~d_p~i:.W:JTI?Yq!J~Sbon.an- .· .. ;ij
~ntten _auth.onty from t~e. ~olle:tC>_r.~'.~C.ll~l.':ffiS
in order ·.\o conduct ·search~~t::~~r~.s.~:g.rrs~=,,.,,..~~~f9p~1t~.0N,~~
l; . ?,i<Jr
J/l~~~jl_!fl9 the: ,sarp_~ W)t_h<:>~t.·. n~eq ·:~9,r the ... }?J
P.upJ1cpro~ecL1t_or.. Theru_!_e m ~e.c.. ~1@
arrests.: .~oordination' is e'il~P~...a}iz~d~p,Jpe1aws. · · $';.R.1JJ~}J:0j·~?.~~!1mma1Gl(;~tons .st:iaHb.~.p.ro~e~ut~d · -~ta
(Boac v. People, G.R. No.. 1805~'~:.§/Q.~~e,.,.¥7""-;ti-;=-JJ.P~· tl:l..~....,.efiect~n an~ copt~ol ~f. the P\Jbhc. :"il
2008.; ·. . . ·. · · . '/'/v~·
. · ·. . .. · ... · /J 1_,<; .
;;!'>
.
_"'·r· ·re~· ~·{~
:_gtos~~t. ~ "-cl0es::f:\p.\apply·.(WorfdwldeWeliCoip.
o
'lff10Plf!,1{3.R\~'fh~--:i:({nt06, ·J,,nuary 13;.2014).'
v.· .. J_;.\·
· .- . :)-;;~
. //. . ~ -,,~· LI\.>.. • "{,vq. . ' . . . , , ' ,.
8·
~~~J;~d~~~;;~f~~.~~ ~~~~1l~~u.fe
v. PosactiJ}
(Soo People ifBB-13
~n~er -4~haJ~~~ity
.. CRA 2J~-r111~);-.:,.
o!l~~{~l!te
! ~! :!~-~.. p.:a_rt~Wh.~'.'c~i'W~trl. :
~an.b~·,.~P~ie~~~d .oi)r~ b·y:.
·)~ye. been ~!11pair~d, .t~ereby, . ·. '.~
·J 1
I
Valmonte v. De Villa, dIR. ~og-83988,lMa .a~.(,..Jlfili.,_;bt).0lt,ay-.toe. 0~>ie~~.~-f.o _an \.ml~~ul &?arc~ .and .. :-S, !
1990; People v.·Maspif,~1Bbt_RA,--n}\(1~90j~~§Lti.z.m.~~iz,u~~Jljl~~e).~pe~.s~.,ll a_n.d c~nnot ~e !3v.a_1leu:of., ··-~ I.
·_PRopfe v.·sucio, 195_ s.~.RA~Fffl (19.(iJ/?~(?Pl~';i·1· ,;.~by':"t1:i,,~~~i~ 1;~·,1~~!r v~.· Gop_.F? .. ~0-.-..1~46.3f) · 1 !
y.Mat~stedt,_19~$,CRA~4(H'(1,91)):-Q;,~~ J$7.I.
\\\ ·'\ s..~.V,~,~~""'-
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f(,J/·P_.~'J}.!!,,y· ·.· j-9.«z· : · ,~ . . ,_
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. · • ·. • . . • . :; .
9. · .f_l~m View S_1tuatt~n . · • · .
.. \·
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/?P.qr,~
·. ~ · , ;,; ~Q'mRla1n!nw·to. tl;ie.: ~!31 o.r to a· goyernmant agehcy
r·
)9JC.M_ U.c:J. :-or . a. w1v_a .c~rporatipn ·. :{~
·-~
In 9:d~~·f()_r t~~·~Ja111 Vl~Vf D~ftFlnfl tO~P~i~iEt~rfs&Jg'ej_,;,.With ·tne;G'ntor~jnent·of a.·'special'p.enal ... ,)1
·.foll~WH?~.eond1~o~s mu~t be P~.e~e:m:1-:~,~·-.....;,--:-ta_~~:,:Rl~y 1@g.ear, participate; and file ple~di'ngs: 'in
:.·ft
a. ~ -pnor v~hd_ 1_nt~~~':'n:__b~_s. :. ~n~~r,.v11ra::....~7'="-'tn.~...;~~-a~~b\W~c\lnt pr0qe~~1ngs··. to~ maintafn the _.j
warran_t!ess..~rr~st. m :Wtuc~. ~ .~ol~.1a.re } j'l: l'~)~~1f¥.!Qf8:"~~arct-r wa~ran! 1_sso~d _oy th~ (;ourt ~nc;:l. · . -;:~
.- , leg~ll~ P~~sent in th~ pu.r:;=;uit _.of _the~.~~-:.fi~t~....a:drrn~s1b1hty 9f pro.pa~es. setz~d. in a:nticip_ati<;>O . · ;_.:~
· d4~1es,. . . . · ··. . . . - . · · ... , : . : . . . of .a cr.lminal, case (Unired Labbratones;·!no. v. Isip, · ·-,~
b. ¢le ~v1de~ce·was· _lna_dY.~(ir.AtlY:,d1$9ove,red·. G.R. No. 1638,5"8, June. 28, 2005). ··_. · · · ;. . . · · ·}
_by the .pohc~ "'.-ho t1i:id th~·F1gl;lt ~o b.e where . . . · .... : · .· : · . • . .· ~
they· a(e;, ·· . . : .. •. _· .• ., . , . . . Rem~di.es· -~f Party· :advers~ly · ·aff~_cted".by a. ,· "!~
c. · .. th!:! ev1den_ce:must be 1mr:ned1ately app~rent;: · Search Wii!rrant: . . .. ·. :.' , · : -. . . ·, · .1,
,- · ah~ . . . .··.··. ·.. ·.... .· :.. . . . . . . · 1 .. Motion-·to t1uash.'the. s:earcb: warrant wit!Y.the ... :-·.
:·. d. pi_ain·yiew.just\fie~ rtl.ere·seiztjr~:Qfeviden_c_e .· .· · issuing CO\;lrt;· · ·' : .. :· · · _-. ··· .. ·. ~'- .' ·' ~ . ;:.
without .further se~rch .. (People . .v,: Sa_rap,· · . _2 ... M~tion ·to ;~_u°J?press ev.idence .. with the.··.couit· · .:,
·G.R .. No.· 132.165. March 26,·2003), . · .. t!)'mg the criminal case;.or :· · . . ,::J
. --- . Waiver.of lll~Sality: ~fSe~rch ~'nd .Admissi.bliit~'
.. · -of.E.vl~en~e . -~·· · ~ .'. . .. . . .· ·. . ,\ ·. .
·3· ...
.· .
_;t1~~~A~:1~:p.~~t~~;:9-
., ·.· ·.. . ., . : . .
10~~'.1Y. po~se_s~~d ..·~,
., .. . . , .· ... '.,
The : right again.st unreasonable s·ear~hf;ls · and The:ifleg_aUty of th~ ~earch 'wa·t~ant.dqes. ·not call fqr .. ·:j
seizures a·nd the exclusionary rule is deerhE'ld Waived the returtj of the thi)lgs se.ized,. \he possession of . ;i
~here .no opj~ction of the -search warrant. was raised whlch is proliib_itac;j b.y .:law. However, : those. ".J.
. during . the trial .neitt\er_' of the ·c:ase nor ;10. the pers6n.alities s¢ized in viol~t,on 9f. the_ constitutional ,:;
admiJ,sibility of tht:1 evide11ce o.btaine~ thr,ough said immunity. wt,ose possession is not of itself illegal'.or i/
warri:ljlt (Demaisip v._ C~, _G.R. _No. 89393,_ January , u·nlawful. .ouglJ_t fo:be- returned to thei? tightrul owner · J
25, 1991 ). . . .. . . . . .· .. .. . . or P?s~ess9r (Castro v. Paha/an, G.R. No. L-28642,. {
. Apr,/ 30, 1976). . .I
:"J
Any.. evldence. .: o.btalr,ied; : i~· vlolatton ·. 'of the· When~ the application I~ filed.
constltutlonal ··lmmunity _ ·against .unreasonable With·.any.;of..-.the. ·.RTCs->of :.the .. judicial · region ·
searches -and seizures." are . inadmissible: for. any c;l~signated to try violations of intellectual property
purposein any.proceedlng·(.CONST., Art. 111,-Sec. 2). rigMs sfatloned · at ·th.e · pji;tce ·wt1ere· ttie -allegeci·.
vlolaflon occurred or I~ to occur, or. the.place tobe :
.. o"bjectiort "to Issuance.or,,S~rvi<:«:t of.a Warrant .. searcheo.at the election of the applicant. Provided, ·
Arly objectlonconcernlnq, the- lssuance .or service of however, th_~f where· the· Complaint for- infrir,gem·ent
a warrant ·or 'a procedure .jn the acqulsltlon- by the. has already been flled, the application shall be.made
. court cjf. jurisdi_ct(on over the -pe~so"n of the 'acc~'s~d . ln the CQUlt where. thecase.is re.ndil'}g:(Sf:C: 3); . ·
must be made before he ..enters his plea, otherwise, ofth1:i°
the.objection is deemed waived (Bernardo v. People,. . . Gr~u,;ds i~~uiince
for" the·
0
Order;
. G.R. No:)66980, April 4, 2tl07).· · · . . - ·: · _: : . ., 1: · The applicant, \s .the right hotdec_.or nTs ·duly
· · · ·· · · authorized representative; · · .. : ~- . · · .. · · ..
The :. co·~stitutlona1 ·· right .·.of . ~ppe·ll~11t . ag~lnst 2. There · is probable cause. to believe ·tha·t the .
. warrantless arrestandsearch was not violated when ·.: .. ·. 'applicant's' ·right-°i.s b~ing··in"f_rJ~ged or that, such
the- appellantfalled-to assau'the legality"pf the arrest ihfriogem.e.nt is imminent· and there. is. -a pnme. -.
and, t.he seizure of the sachet of ihabu· prior-to" his f~.c/e case Jor. final"._relfef ag9_jnst .the ··,.alleged· ., •l
artaignrrient .or at any sta·ge in the' proceedings ofthe : . . . infri(!gi"ng defendant,or expected adve_rse· party; . - • "'
·_trial° court. T)'.le arrest was.'pursuant·fo a buy~bust :. ..3; Da.f11ag¢dX>tentlal pr_actual, Ukely,tb·be caused : il
··operation. which Is· a valid form· of entrapment of ,.;:;-,... to·the appliGanfis'irreparable;: · '. ·. - · · ·. -· ·
. f_eJons_.in ·the ,~xecation of their. _c"rin,inal.p~an'.· an_q ~!:l~f;-;);( · ~. .The(e _is ..~em_~n~tr._abl_e riS~·~f evidence. that the .
these.arch con~ucted on appellant w?s 1f!c.1dent~t~~-,,·,\ allegeii: · 1nfrm9mg . def-endant · 9r_ . · expect~d
a lawful". arrest (People v. Macatingag, __ G.R. [·o/~(), .-_"~ . ,- ad~er~~ pai:o/ m!',l.y ~estr?}'.• 1-:tiqe or.[e"'.oye_tlie .
-181'037;)anuary 19, 2009). : . . . : . . . .. . )) (d:'''.1.,.-.-,.dopu.rn~'}ts.orart.lcle before any apphca~1on mter
.:. ·· .
. .
:· · -·. /.;/·.,1: '('V{'"J}<
·. rvt!"~.ut'··.,ctaltest:'ar:i
--- .!_•;''"-~·)"
be -·.made·; and .. · · .. '·.: · :. . · .. -
·· ~· · ·· · · ;_,.,<tv . ~ /:. t1 5 .. Tn'e-cle~i;iT,~~ts c;\Oq,Art.. to .be seized constitute .
· · , · : . . · . · . ·. · . . (' /":. · · ~ Jt--1.) ·. · e.vide!.)~ffPK t~e i:IJeged infrii:i_gi~~ d_efendant'~ or
: . RV-LE o~ .SEA,.RC~ t.'.rff?:- . ,.7--:--1~\· .... expecwana~vers.~_pa_rtys infrjnging activity or
,_., .· SE-IZURE.:IN CIV'I~ .AJ:~·::r1J>Jts.· · e} t~at_. ~~yimf~_rge._Llpori tt,e.inteUectual propertx
: ... · · · · · ·I ''.F · · 4;.· · ·.(: ...,.•.,,,, . . 1 : [JQhypf_t.,~ a~ptlcant,or, thaqhey l:lre u.sed or ..
. .FQ R;. . N. 1:lJN.Q~;W,¥NJ_::_~F, .. , .. "~ :<} i:J!~f!.~:d, Q·. be\~s~d _as· mean$,~/. infringi_ng th~
· · . INTELLEC~.UAI(!}R:O.~JY~
. . ,· : ·RIGlITS~ .~.. ,, ... J;,. ~
. ·. · . ·.:. . '· , : ,·. :·
. .
··
_ . : . · ~.,,', ·· )'J
!JIJ · . · . ~..:;.,,. : · · .
aRpl~~~r~tu~l:pro~-~rty.nght (S~c. 6).. · .
. "=~"?~r;~i\ : -. . !.1 . ,./ ,Content~_ofth,e W..r.!t . ,
. ·,(,;_;i_;.AIJ Ofd~:.tQ,the. alleged- in{ringing defend~nt,
... · : · . · . · · .· ·. . ·
)i.,M.· No. 02-1-06-SC January_ !J):~oih. . · ..;/;~p-·:;-; ,:lexQ,Wed ,adverse.. pa.rty or to tt\e · person whQ ·
·'· ., · . · :. . : ' . . ,· f·~ •. . ,~·<',:;"...:~:2..-;.,··. ; ~ap"pear1 to l)e if) ,'charge .or . .in control ·'ot the
Tnis Huie goverr,is ttie . provisiona(~".'eizu_~~i\i:ind. ·. . premises. or)-esldlng_ or. ~orking _thereir:· .
. · impo~n\:lin!;i:-ot d?.~,ume~s. and articles'~.i.~;li~ding. ~· .. To,-pe~in"it ~e .pe~~.ops·.g13med_.in Jhe writ to
-and· mte.nded qv1I · acti.ons for. the· purpose . of ente.r into· the ·prem.,s~s :for; .the .purpose of-.
pre.venting.. lnfrlrig~menf 'and p"reset.virig :relev.ant;. . . searching, inspecting·.. copying,.or:"remoyi_ng
·evideoc1{·in rega·rd-,tc( alleged Infringement· undei:. · , from the pre·m,sEr~:·and "tran~ferrjng to the
.HA No. a.2es·or.the"·lntelledual Prope'fty Code and . , . .cust_ody of t!iei s.h'eriff .an~ s'ubjeqt to th~.
the TRiPS.Agreement., . · · , -· contr.ol. 0Hl_:le~uri the subject documents·
· · :· .ai)d :i:\rlicles;.. · ·. ·. · · . . , · .. · ·
.writ
. i:1:ie ot·s:~~rch and ·seizur~ : .. . . : - . . · . . b:. :r.o d1sc1os·e ,P. 'tlie.sh~ritt.~_erv1.n9 JJ:ie. writ the
,Wt;iere· any i:Je.tayJs.lik~ly'to. tause.. irreparable ham:.- · ·:· ·1ocafior:1; of!~!3 d_oql.(ments .1nef Art. subject '
:to:_t11e.intellectual property holder·or wheFe th~re is , .. ·. of.t_h~ __writ; . . · .. . .. ·
demonstrable risk of evidence being destroy~d.. the · 2. :.The. pe(i°Od when: the· Writ .sh.ali".be enforced
intellectual property- ·:righi. holder or his .. duly ··whict,· in .n·o ca~e. ~shaH .t?e more. than ·.1 o. dc1ys .
authorized r~presentative l_n a pending civil action tot · from.. the dati3- of is'S.~iilJC~ .tiy the ,c;ourt · . ·
ihfri!)gem~nt or who intends to· comn1ence sucn an 3·.. Th_e· !1am~s·. of· the· _applicant or."liis .ageni or .
.action: may apply ex parte for the issuance·,of ·a writ repre.se,:itatl.ve ·and;Jhe. Gommissioner woo shal~
ofse"arch.-.an'dsei:z:ure-directir'.t£fthe alleged i!ifrlnging supervisi:dhe enforcement of.the writ~ . . . :
.def~n.9a'nt or _.exp~cted a(!verse ·p~rrty "to admjt· into" 4. - ·atli~r-terms. ~!ld conditio"ns that will insure th(t
hf$' premises the persons -named in thef order·;md, to. propet ,execution Qt° th.e writ. with: du·e regard to
al!<;>W . the search, .. :in.spedion, ·. copying;. the rights Of the afleged infril)ging.defendant-or
photographing, audio an.d audiovisual r:ecording ·or. . . expected adver$e party. { Sec .. 8); and
.s.eizure of any do~Ument.an·d article. specified in th'e . . · - · ·· ·
orde((Sec: 2) .. · · · •
. 2019.SAN SEDA
•
LAW
t •
Cf;NTRAUZED
• ~-
BAR OPERATIONS
.• .
645
·. CR·1.·.M·I NA.L. PROC:EDU:RE··.
!iAN'BEDA LAW CENTRALIZEf?BAR.OPEJV:1'10NS~··MEMORY·A/D2019. :
expected adyer-se: party or J?.er~on i.': ch~rg4;) £!)P""';:,;~..::.~-li!hro·~gh. and w.ith the use·. :or information. and · · ,'i
control oHhe premises or..res1dmg or work~9-Q1,t~er_ein T T · · -~oinr'fi.t:!V~-~abons. technologies· (ICTt . b_efor~: · the 1..-,
. · (A~. No.. ?.2-1-06·SC, Se.c.· 16).. ~/~~.;,,:. I~ ... · ~..) : j~Ll_jt·o'trotl;l.er.spedali~ed. regional trial c0u.rts (Sec. . · );,
.· ·. . - · . :. . : .. ·. /~'~··) f~.i:s~<;?/:i,,apt~~~.101_75,Sec._2.1). . . .. ··_:-1,.
. .· . . ., . ,'I' '. ·~ _Ar'. . .. • ~ ~'\\,' . . . . .• ' • .... ,.~-
.. · · · - . . . . · . · · ' . . /
'~,f. "' ~'. -:~V.en~.fo~;~P.h~J~ttons 'for. Crber~rime-Wa~raii.ts . · ,)~,
RULE QN CYB~Wf~l. ·J(. :·. ·1t ·. 'l -~{ YJol~troQ~f!i!1~trc,4. (Cybercrime offenses) -;~
· · · 'W ARRA.~TS,y"!,' · 1 · . . Jr · -4JiJ' 4'>,';. ~!1cf/o!·.~~e,..~ ~.\~er .~ffe~5.es).-b.efore·any. oL . .1~
. · . . . . .. . . . . . . . · ;;i :· .·
· . · . /!.
. '. . · .. J?.:'M~ tyo: .1.t~t1~·~. S'C ·. \ ·. ·~'/,
· .
' < ·
r .1. , . .· . i.:-:t · · .
·.
...{~
IL.1! ·.
.. '
the 4eslg~,t@c~J,wcnmecp~~s of thE_'l provm~e
or t~e . city~~h~.re~ the ·. offense or any of its
·.~l~~~~ts.
' . :. . · ~ ,.if..i..~ . . . ,, ·.. ~~NJi~ · ~0"1£:l'tted,qJ~~,~~oftLttobe comrrutted.• orwhe~~
I. SCOPE AND .APPL.ICA~IL:!cl : QL2~-~~ any~ ...
ftaf~~E'.lJ1·
qJ
com"!litt~9, . is .. being
the People of·tt:ie .Phili,ppines,' signed ·by a judge, In additi6n, . tti~ ·application ···shall contain. an. , .
·upori app!icaticm of . law enforcem~nt authorities, e.xplarjation of the search and selzµre strategy ~o. be
a~thorizing the latter to c~rry. out.any or all of the implem.~_n.ted, including a projection of· whether or · ·
tr'; ~1 .
WSSE(?J;)·has· alr:eJ3~Y been ,"Y~ffe!':t-The~o~rci,may..,. r;·,\.·.. · - reasfn~l:l.!e .ret~tt,onto the'corppute.rdata subject
. gr.antthe ~otio.n)JP.On its det~f~iq~tion.i,li!'3\rio·f~wf-ut"l :qf. t~~-"1'9.~I;<?,~;;. . .. -. : · . ". . . ..
ground ex1~ts to .P~heo,vfs~ ~,irnota-<fQ~.{j:!t.Ui'Q:~10f 1, ,.5. · ~~.,,!~fp.E.J.~~~J!ie'>~tions ·taken. to eof~rce ;·th.e
· <. ,~-J_f."t, ~:;) . ~/ . · · _WSS~Q.1-::frb'ridheUme the_ law enrorce{ll~f'!t
· such items to·l')im·(Sec:6A)
:.. . :. . . ', . :·< v~ . .
,-..:;;;_;j!!?
Interception.· of . Pata · m: ;ln1plEt11Jfl'.ltat,,~n:. of
j'·tr . :· . offi'cers reach~ ~he· ~lac~ to ~e ~e.i~e<lunt[l .th.ey
~t"!""~feft•·the· prem1se:s. WJ~h. -. the . ~e1zed- Items and.
V\ISSE;CD . · . · ., .·. ··. · .' .. ·\,:1~· · . ·, - ,'l'<'..1.~·t·~;;1treai::bed:the·.place,where.the items seized-were.
The. _interc:;ept!on. ·o.( :cornm~n.ic~tio,n.s :~9.? · C~f)?·f?.q_teF-:.,:..,t.!_!·:~·!·,·~;:4st1>';:e·~Jindsecured·.ftJr ~~amiriation~:.a·n.cf : .
. data may be condl.lcte_p during.the 1rupl~ll)'lentatit:trhof; ..6... A:. reasonable est1r,:iation. of · how long t~~
· .. the- WSSEGD.:.. Proviped,.· :tha(:.the :9.at'El'.t;¢°~!'pti9h' . examimition of· .the items se~ed · will be
· .. aciivities shall· .only be. lirhite~ ~o_' co!'l'ln'lurficaftons ... , . cor'i_cl1.Jded · anc:I' th.e j1,1s_tifipation'.therefor (Se.c.
and computer:,data:~haf are reasonably relate.d to 6. 6). : · · . · ·. ; - . - . . · · . .· .
the s·ubject"inaltei"oLtiie WSSECD;.and.that the said . . . . . . .. · . . - . . . .. .
. activrties: are'·. fully di.scl~s:ed~· ... arid the.' 1q.r~goii,g.'• . . . · '.N~te: Atte_r the' offic.er !)as' nJe:d the, initial return,· the
:r.elatlon: duty explained in'-tffe initial return .(Sec. · · .: ·. qql,irt. shall .,iS~1,.le· an· orderdixJr:19· .the · peijod .·ta
:6:5). · ; . , ·. .'. · · , · · ,_ ... ·. ::, . ·.. . 'caocluQe. the e?(arnin.atio_n· of. all th.e .ite.m~ seiz~cl.
·· ·' · '. ·. ·. · whlth.-p'eriqd may !:>e :e~ten.d.ed.nol·-exoeedjn'g·.ao
N~te:. Law. -enfoi:cement.~tithc;iritie'~.1')1~/o:rcl~~.~ny : . · .. · d?ys,·.upbi;, motlon,=fqr justifiabl.e,rea'so.r'is(Sec. 6..:Z)..
person, who has knowle~ge atioutt}le-fuhi;;tiqnihg'of. ·
the. compute.r. system arid :the-. measures. to . p~otect .Filihg .of·F·ih.l\ll'~~tur~:on'NSSECD. ., .
arid preserve't~e:'c~mputE:( data·ft:ier~frl,. to pi:ovide, ·A final return i$ triat which fa .req1,.lired,to be submitted ..
as is. reasonable, the. · ~ecess~ry !nfdrmatian- .to . by autt:iorize~ r.aw··.enf9rcement officers to·,·the .cou!1
enable t,he undertaking of the· ·search, "seizure and witf.iin:48: hours after th.e expiration of trie period to
examination (~ec. tis) .. ' . ·. : ;. . . .. examine as provided:in.the pdor.¢ourt ord.e~ cl.l(o'>'!'ing
'the ::,am~.·. . . ·
Filing of iriiti.alR~tur.n.. o'n.WSSECD. · . . . .
An.- injtiai return. is. thaf ,which. 'is require'd · t9 be. The autt'ior.ized law·.enfprcement officers·sh~ir~ubmit
submitted by auttio'rlzed law·e:nforcemerit officers tq. · · a·. final ·return ·.o·n. the WSSECD to ·the co.vrt that ·
the court within 10 days fro"m the .. issuance.. of a . : issued .it, .. and siftlultaneously ,turn:o'v~r·.' the
-WSSECD. .. cust<>dY. of the ~eized cqm'pu~er. d~ta·, as well as all.
oth~~ ite.rns s~ized and/or the c_on'lmunlcations or
CRt-MlNAL PRO.CE.D-U.RE
SAN J3EDA LAW CE'm-RALIZEO BAR OPERATIONS~ MEMORY ~ID 2019
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computer data.lntercepted in. relation.thereto (Sec. 5. The namesand positions of the law eriforcemenf. ;~~
· 6.B)i . .. . · · . '. . _·. · .. · . · · . authortues who had access to ttie c;omputerdata . ··}
· · from the time.of i(s seizure until the terminatioh. ·. ·_..',;_i',:_,:·.·.·
VII. WARRANT ro EXAMINE C0°MPUil=RDATA: .. of the examination but prior to deposltihg it with
Warrant.tp·Exam"ine Comp\iter.'E>ata (WEOO) · · .. th.e court, and thenames ofofficers ~no yiill'·be ::,.
.Thls warrant.isapplled for. and: rnustflrsrbe obtained· . deliv.ering the seized Items to the court; 11
. ·
.. · by law ·en{qrcerrient .autJ:).orities· befo.r,e they may . :6. .The name of the law enforcement officer Who :'.,;n
· search a computer .d.evice',er.computer system they . . may. be_. allowed access lo. tbe•. deposlted:data; ; ; ,~
. . acquired in their possession vja a.lawful warrantless · and . · . . .. · :~
. ·. arrest, or by any other lawful rhethod, and ttie search .. or,
7 .. · .A:c~rtific.ation that n'?. clupJicates copies. _of Jhe · -~ ~
· ·_. Is · for 'the· purpose . of. obtaining. "for . forenslc, _.. whole or. any part t~ereof·~av~ ~een made, o(if . -\~
· examinatien the-computer. data contained th.erein. ·.. . made,-all.syc~ ~ur:ihcate_s.o_r ~op,~s a.,:~ included · jfj
· (Sec. '6.'9). . . : . · . . . .' . : . . . :: . : . ._; .. · . . ·. \n .the seated packaqe -deposlted, except for. t_he .: ;/~
. .·.- .· copy r.e~ain_ed· by law erforceirrent_-~!J~or\tlesIn : ,;
Contents of App_llca~i~nfor:wi;:Gi:> .... : . case of a WDCQ(Sec.7.1). · . ·.,. · . · . . . · •. -~
The verified appJicatibn fo~. a.WECD;,as Well.. as the . . . · . ·.: ··: · . , ·· ' . . : · . -:=;;
supporting "affidavits, shan state the essen_tl<!I facts: 1-i.ow it~m·s .in .Col;Jrl Cu"stody'Acc.e~.sed". ·1
·.
sil"!'lilar t() those.required for.a VVDCD; except tfia( th_e $uct:i: data seized may he ·-ac;_cessed · only tippn · . .,j
· · subjecL matt.er is- :the _computer. data . sought to JY-=m=,,;.._o;ig_t!on.
··.
:-: . . -~
examirfed'(§_ec:- 6.9). . ·'.
· , · .· ... ·. - ·,
. : .' · · :.,~
. : : .. J,r//'!:.. . ~-
t· ' [._ ·.duly. granted· by the cour:t; .otherwise.; the ": ~
-~~Jta·~(:!,.,~_qntaining·the comp~e~ d'ata· ~e}io~ited · 1i
.) J.W{tP.t!:je 1?1:1£1.shall·_not be opened. orJhe recordings "':t
· Fili.ng.of~nitialand Final Ret1,1rn.s._pn~~Q~··,,,,,~.r.:::=1;~_et~Y.e ..d.?~its\.qontents revealed,.or., ih,anym~nner; .. \,
· Initial ani:l • final · returns, ·as._ w.el~~·S"' the\,ptn6o to . · usea·>a~~'V~~e\.,_· · . . · .. . · ::1
.examlne..und_er-.aW~CD,shall ~1~s1ri1tifAi:J~o~~~~-='""""1.;..,;. ~ ,_~;, · i't..\ · ·. · ·: · :·. , .. · ·:.: : ·. .' · ..: ·. ·(
.by the procedl:ife'S. applicab_le:,.t9..(¢>-,§Si;:rD ($e1'fli "t' . -~e-~Ori'f~r?1J.~;.P~!P.OSe ·shall ·s~a~e. ~nd i(lcll:ld~~- ·.
6.~). - · ·.- · -. · ·: ' · · . 1· ·-~l' . ·.·. ·. · .!I'.- · Jfr.~ LI"\.\. .T~e~elev\~i7~~.~e;cor:riputerdata sought t? pe' .. ::
. .· .. ··.'. . . . . · · #. . . · !J .. :- , . . , . op~ri,ed:· · rlr~e~t ..revealed!_ or :~sed. as
lntercep~1op_of Qa_ta m _lm~le~nfatton.~fW~.~. .,;;, .eY!~{lce; ._. 'f,_;~ · . ;·· :· : . : . ·. : . .: . .1
lnterc~pt1on of commumcatfotis.,ar(~tcomp!Jter-'a~a~. -1~~~~hel1am.~sqf-th~-P. . .rs9ns who w,11.be·an~wed to . ··;
may . Jikev.:ise .. ·'. be . . cqpd_y_c~e.d- .dur)ng. . th ;:m ;J,,1/·'tcl. have .ac~es~ itllerit'b·,. if. !~e'. m~ti?tl'.-i~·:granted;.. . :
lmplem!'}ntat1on of· a wq:90.t:~~d:e<.t~~-· same >-c.:· ~.n<J.Jfc;;J,. 11 · .!-.)/.. .. ·, . ·, : . -- ., · · . · . · --.-
condition~ ·applicabfe·t?.a \N~SliGJVSe~,91- . ~ ~· l~-:-~ry_i~;.0ot-tof""':-e~ce·. of cop1~s ~e~t-_fo the .
· · · . · .· ... · · . ·. · ~iY·: · ~ . \.~~- ~ .,;,r:.<~/f!1e,f§.9p!~ ~hoJ,e~9r.nputer.<!ata1s~su_~Jerct_9f-the ·,
Vlll."TURN-OVER OF C_UST~DJ(~- -~--~""-~ 'b//~!fon (%{fo."7.3Y, ·, ·.·. ;... . .. -, ·. ·,
. DESTRUCTIO~ 06·(:0MPUT:~R:DA~'\_ :- . :'",.., /f::7\7- . . .f' · ·.i' .·· · : ~ _:._. ·.· ... · - ..
_. :Turn-Ov_e.r Proc.!3dUre · After:'fmj>lemel;'lt<it!~n.S~--~J~~ f~J.t~r the_ rp6tion i~ fifed ·.and s~rved_; ·~_aid .
. Cyb~rcnme._Warrant .... ·. ·: :- ~ .---.·.};,~....... ~-_-·P~~g11!s~ll;J:,~-'9'Ve?.1~·days fro~ n?ti~e to file. a
_Upon t~e Jilmg of__ the m1tic:1I ·-or_.finc1._l- Fe~··Jqi:~·cu, ..=-~om'l1tiflt9~)1:i~motion, 'th~r.eafter :the. court shall
Cybercnme Warrant, ,all compute·r :-&~~~- '.~!:l_DJect. -"; fi lB_1.,1,-•,Q~.:-tJ;,.,.¥motion,_-1,mless ·,t finds ,t. n~cessary· to.
thereof sh;:ill b~ sirriulta_neously deposillitl ..-..l!;\..,:· a l\t .!l..,q:]!12~9.!:lef'"a:cJarifica~ory,.be~ring for;the.purp6s~ (Sec ..
s~aled package witl:l ttie. same court thaf Issued t~~.. ::,:-....'7:3)' · · , · · · · ; · ' ··
· warrant. ·· · - · · · ·.., ., · . . •. ..· : · .· . ·= : .. ,
, .·. · · ' < · · . ·. . .. . . ·· Oestru.;:'tion:or Return Qf ltem~_Sel~~d::: .··: :.... :•· -.:··
lt:~t,all-be acco~pa~iedby a complete and verifie.d . Thef court. may. orq_er ·th~. --cort\'ple~e', cir.:, partial- ...
invintory ofall·the othe"r.item's··seized,.and.by.-the . d_~struction,._or: _.returr)- ·to• _its" lawful own~r. ·or
· .aff.idavit'o'fthe. duiy. ciuth9rized law.'enforcement '·· .. possessOr,.··Of. tbe computer data, 01' .any· of. the - · '·
· officer-conta'ii1ing_:·.. ·.: · · . : · . ·. : · . . . . .. . r.ela~e;ct · items · tur~ed · o.v~r .·to. its ·cl,lstcrdy: 10: ·the
· · 1 .· .. T~e.'d~t~ and tj~e of the dfSclo~ure, iR_ter.·c~ption, following ir:istances: · · .. · ·:. . · ·.. ·.- ·: · .·
se-arctt;- seizure·, '.arid/or:-'exatnination: of the. 1 :'· Upon ·motion and ..:aue h~aring, for justifiable
comput~r: d~ta-; as . the ·ca~e ·. ·rf10Y be, a"nd any . · · · reasons; or, ·. . . ·. . . . ·. . . . . ... · .
. r'ec.ord·mad~ltherefrom; . . .' . . · ... · . 2. . Motr.r .proprio, .. and. -upon: \vtitt_en··notice .to' all
. 2.. ·The. p~rticu1;:irs· qf the suoject· compute~· data, . parties concerned, if nci"preiimir:i.ary.in"vesiig'St.ion
.irtdudlng its hash .value; . . .· . . or cas.e-jnvolving V,ese ,terns has' b.een i_nstitutei;i
3. · The ):nanner: b-y which- the cor:nputer d.ata was . · .. . ~fter 31 day:drom·ttiefr·.deposit; or i(preliminaiy
.obtiil~ed;. . . . . investigation-.. has been· so :instituted ·.within. tl'iis
4. .Detailed identification .of all- itei;ns seized in . P!?tiod; i:ipon · _tinallty · ·Qf ·.·.fr1e . prosec~to(s
relation· to: the $:i.1bject computer data, indicating· . res~!ution · finding lack< of. probat;te: cause(Sec.
the ·-brand, make,. serial numbers, or any . 8.2). . .
·. identifiers, ·if available; .
..
·
.·
. The accused or the person/s from whom· Sl,l~h ite"i~s SECTl~:>N··i. ·ATTAC HM'ENT:
, ..
. were seized. or hlslher·representative or counsel, as · .
· well as. the, law enforcement officer ailowed access · .. Wh-C) m~y--ap.ply·fo} prellmi~'ary _attachmen~?· ...
to ?UCO items <!S if'!di_cafe.din the iri"venlory; or his/her . Th1faggriev.edP.arty Jn:'who~e behalf the chi.II aspect
. "duty authorlzed representative; may also be allowed '·... _:: of the criminal actlon is prosecuted may apply.tor the,
: t9 wifness ·th,e said activity. . · . · : · .. .· · issuanc~:. of a· writ of· prellmlnary attachment, 'he.
. . .· . . . . .... : . .· . . '· ~eirig the' person primarily .anddlrectly .interested .
'Tli~ storage ·d~vJce,;.o~.6tH~rl_tem_sturned -~v.e.r.t6Jh~. ,. _ thereby.Theprcseoutcr in \(:le'critniiial actlon may.
:cou!t's .custccy, shall be ·. destroyed by shredding_,":··· : make 'such ari appllcation' ·in·. behaltof or for lhe
. dr\lling of· four holes through. the devlce •. p.ryin_g . the . protection of th_e 'interest'of the' offended.party.'
. platters' apart, qr. other· means- in · accordance. wit!) · · · · · v- • • • •
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1. Before ct,nvlctioO fiy ·thO' 1 .' Upon cMvlct;On by the RTC of an 1. B.efo,econvlctlon by the )'<TC When ·, · ~
· · inferiorcourts: -. · · · . offElnse 'not punishable by death,
2. After .' ·. conviction by .th~' . ie,clii~.idh. . perpetu« . or life • . punishable by 1ec(U9ion'perp'etua,. :':.It
. accused Is charged with an offensEi <~.
· inferior court, · .' : . ·. . imprison.n:ient: adrrilsston to bail is lifel'impr\~~nrn~n~,c:,r .death.and .the . \1:
3. Before convlctlon by - ·ttie . ·. cfispret1oriary (Sec:.5)i· and · . evidence of guift is strohq (Sec. 7); ·· '"·
·RTC of .. an offense not 2. After' "convlctlon, by' the RTc· 2: -Afte{ conviction ·by the: RTC when .:?i
punishable- ..by .. · death; ~· . wh~rein a penalty'of imprisonment . penalty imposed· is·. 'death; life ..... ,
reclusion perpetua... or. 11~~ · ex~e.diilg· 6 ·bu~· not ~ore than :;20 . iniP.tisori111ert or .re.~Jusio() : · . ·:!{
impris6·nm~nt;.,and. · . .years is lmposed;,a.n~ .not, one of . · perpetu~; ". _ .· . '. ... · :. · .· ')!'~
. 4. Before· .convi¢.ti6~'. 'by the: .. the.~irc;u~sla!'Jc.es eru.irriera~ed·in .3.:· :6-fter. convic~io!'l .by .the .RJ'C · :.-:)
RTG ~hen._,tne,J!TIPOsabl.e · .Section51s.presentar:id proved . imposing . a· . · penalty : of -~
.r.>.~nalty'.. is deattJ< ·~ec/u~iori; :. . ·~: · . :' ... · : .. ·. . . . . ·. · · ·. -; , · · irnp~sonme~t ~xc~ed_irig ,' 6 years . ·.1'.1
perpftua i. ._._or:_, . · lif~ . • ~~-.::.- . but nof m?re.\han 20 yesJrsand .ar;i.Y ·iii
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ev1d~n_c;e: of gu1IJ .· ·1s · not :
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)( i! . . :~1rcumstance. is . present and ,:;
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,pr:oba{(?n before commencing to :~
P · jl . ·,l· · · .A.A . .. K · · 't\eW.~ ~sen(ence of penalty and :~
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RI(}HTS ti°F .TH~~\~CCiQ·~-~~~~~vxitii,,~ND~6:N~wAivABLE .·· ·.· )I
"t~,,.~.;~ ~· . . . :j
. :-i~
. {ii
1. 'To.testify as .a.~itness _iri f:lis own b.ehalf, · . :·. ·. 1. T9be.presurryed ir:iri9.cent; .. ~ '. ;." .'·. ; ; .' · /" \;
2: To .'l)e' exempt .from being. compelled· to. be: a·.· 2.. To .be informed of the nature ·and: cause· ·of .. ,.,.
.. witness ag?lnst·him~~lf; '.:: . . ..· . . . ·. . . . iic~L!Satiqn. against fiiin;:. :, ·. ·. . :-. 1
.3. ·: To.b~ present a_t.(}very stage of the proceedings; ·3, . T9 be:defended ·in .pe'rson and .by ·counsel. at ,. ·-}.?
4. . . T.o · confront ·arid : cross-examine tM ·witnesses : · e\'ery.sti:fge:of the pro.ceedings;'.. : · · . . . . '. . :·]
- . ·agains( him at. tn~.trlal; an·d. . 4. To have ;Speedy,. i.mpartial ·and· pub(jc trial; and, . ··.
5.:. To hav:e coropulsoiy prey~ss issued tq secure .the ·5 . .' J'O :appeal .in all case~ a\lowed and, in .the .'..·:,··;·;··,~.:.
· att~ndance of witnesses and proquotion of other . . rrianher,:prescribed by law .. · . . .,
eviden~e in his behalf .' ·· · · · .. .. ·: . ~
·-:~~
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65.6 I 2~19 SAN BEDA C~NTRALIZE.D B~R OP~RATIONS
. ··~
t:RIMJN.A.L· PROC_E:D--U:RE·.
: SAN B_EDA LAW CENTRALIZED 8Af! OPERATIONS, MEM<;mr AID, 20"1.9"
(For- betfe,~' preseniati9n; all other specie; 'tows · . The A9e · 'ot -, the· Child. shall .be· d~termin.ed
· relatedto the subjec.t:a.rediscussedh_ere.)· .aci:ord.ing to the followh1gJ~ules;·.· ·. · . . .
1. The best evidence .to'. prove ·th.e:age .of the chi(d
. · ·is an :original" .or 'certified· -true· copy ·of . the
· certificate of live birth; . · : · · ·
.:R:E:V.IS·yf.'n·RULE
· 'ON CHILDR,EN 2. lnthe-absenceofacertificateoflivebirth,.similar.
£, authentic . documents <: such ·. ·as .. .baptismal
··.· IN CONJ.<'.L.ICT W'~T:fl. ;J:'JIKLAW ·. certificates and. school records o.r- _any
per:tinent
. . . · · . ·.. - · ·. · · · . document that 'shows, the date of ..birthvof ..the
· J\t the preliminary i_rive~tigation, should there arise :a . . all measures necessary to promote thi~ right, .
need tor clarificatorr. questions to be propounded on including the excluslon of media; and · .
the child, the Rule on-Examination of a Child Witness· 7 .. While under lnvastlqatlon, not.to be-finger,pr)nted
shall apply (Set:· 20)-: · · .-. · . ·or 'photographed in a ·humlliatlng:·and d~gradi.ng
manner (Sec. 12).· ·
Filing o.f Information. · · : ·. " ; . .
If the "investigati_ng prosecutor finds probable cause Rights .of the "Child in" C6nflict With the LaW:·. . .
to-hold the chlld in conflict with the l~W for trial, there" _ In" all criminal proceedings, the child.in confttct with
being·:.disbernni.erit, ·the .correspondlnq Resolution .· . ·.·shall have tti~ .f91lowing- ·.rights whic h · shall. :Ile 0
and ln{Of(TiatiOIJ ·shall be' prepared forthe approval _ respected and protected by the Court: ·. . . ·. .
by-the provincial or city.prosecui_oi';as t~e ~se ~ay . . t - To be pres}Jme_d_ innocent, until guilt -Is proved .:»
bfi·(~ec._ ~1). . . . -; · .': . . - · . . ·. _ . . beyond-reasonable doubt; --: - · · •. .
· · - · · ' · ,2 .. To bi. informed· promptly and directly. of:.th~
Wtien· a crlminal action is·i·n~tltut~d.against ;::i child in ,. .. . ·nature and· cause. of. ,.the . charge . ·and if . •. c
". :-"_"ccinfli.c/witb the__ lal:"'; the 'action, fof recoveryofclvil . ·. .. approprtates-throuqh-thecblld's mpth_er,·.(ath'er,.
li9bility arising from- the offense cha~ged shall be· legafgµar:dian, or appropriate custodian: .. ·.
. . g"ov'e~ned ·.by"- Rule 11f .of., the. "Revised: Rules of 3. _ To be present at every stage ofllie_ proceedings.;,
· Cr.iniinal Procedure · (Sec. 18). : ·. · . from ·arraign~ent to promulqatlon' of j1:1dgn'i~nt
.;. . ·._·, .. : · .. : _ .. , : . • ·, . .The .child :may walv.~ ·Jhe· right to _ti"e pi-~sent
. Period of.-filili"g Information ·, _.,. · · . ·""'/'"°:, · pursuant to the stipulation$ in .the·-b"ail·bdrid;, · ,
- Within ·45 .days from the s.tart of the. preliminaqr. ,.,1! 4 .. ." To _have-legal .ahd ether .::i"ppr0pria{e assistance·.
inves!igatiq_n (S'ec,: 21); · - · . . . . . , ~ · · ."f-..'.!(~');>.1.~ · in the_r.r~p~ration ~_nc:I pi;es~~t~tidn. of the, cHHd's
. . .•·· · · · l'·<'-'~_.· , ,.1.•. . d!;!f~nse, . , , ·
. V~ri_ue .- .. ·_ - ._.- . ·. :_. .. )f-,t..,.:.::',~1~I·9_~_.;..~·detai~r~·-tobe,rel:9c:!se~.on ~e'cognitanc~. bail_
Approp~a~e. · court -~earest to l!"le place. wh~~,1{~.g-:. -,,;{ 5.~~ ": ~Pf?-~-~-1t~_ent t~ yo'-!th detenMr:i home or youth-
offense was ~omm1tted or_~here _any of}~J·sse.nt1a1:.-'f) . · ·reft'ab1ht~t,10r:1 c?nter'. .... ·. '. . ·.
. elE:l'l:lents:occu~red (Se?. 2:4-). . . . (,.;--,..: . . /l--::'-l 6. !'Jot ~o b,~J~,eti\11~e_din ~ Jail or !r~ns~erredto an
_ ·. · · ._ · · · . . / . - · _ · . . . :},:; fl:· · . 'i~_·,......{-i., . adult f~1\\f9\'.pen9mg tnal 9r hearing of the cas!3,
· No.JnfoiJtlatio·n shalr be- filed· again~Ca\.~hit'd' icfr. H· unlesslde,!emion ·is· the lasftesort which must be
tl:l_e cortlm_issio·r:a·.of the follow_ in.:~rJ!:".. iJ-·t\;.,; c: . ,;:4-~ . don1;ffor ~ho\~st ·p_os~ible_·time, "iind ohiy upon
1 ::· ·Sti3tus.-offe·n$es: '_. ·· ·,A!.{~· .... A.,_>i. . · · · ~ f:;4 _ -co<.i,i;f's or"sl.er;.,_.. · · · ·.· ·. · ·. . . .. _.; :
:z.: . Vagrancy arid J:i.rostitutiori:.~ncfer:::-~s-~t;J2o'tt!!_~ · ri.il .· 7 . .- .W,t~iP((Ji:s~}~ssin_ his_/her own _oe_halfand
· Revised-Pena/ C9.de;_.. ·. · J~ aFP.f:. , tF"'-i): ,.,.rt ·bet;.-sulljecf!Jo,'cr.os~_~exam_inaliqn on · matters
· 3. Mend(c::ancy l.!_nder P.D. No.. fs,~~t_giicl~;~\ · !) . t1j · · cove·red_.by c_lir~ct examin91ior.i .. H~ shall h"Ot be ·
4; Sniffing.of"r_ugby. under P.O. N~\f}619_.($.¢,c.2f): _-r,;.:...,,~:-:-fompelled-fo.:.be a__ witness against him~e(f and
.. ·: · . · . _. · ., . · : ·- ., · _.-· . .f,-~ ,.,::..J. · ·. :J.-)•;\~t.i.--;'.Jll¢1sil~_nce-shf>uld r:ior·p~ejudi~·e_him;._ . _ · -:
Rights of the Child unde.r custody: ..: ~ /·. ,~,.:-:~·i8iLT-<:l'1i!6."Afront and· cross-examine the witnesses
·. 1 . .a.ttrie police·.station, to-be"immedi~~ly'a.~iifed ·. . against him; : . . .. . · .·• . •.
."· ,tv.: a; lawyer i:ln"c_l a:l:;o_~ia! \_'Jork~r wh~)j°~~.!J""ma_ke . · 9. To·· have -corj, pul_sor~ pro(:!=lss:·issue~·- to: secl!r~
. sur'3 that. the-_ child 1s. effectively__ mfo'rmed of th\3 attendance of w1tne~s·es· and productlon·-of
· his/her_ (ights, as far:"-as the'child's m~~rity"and . other evide_nce;. ·- ·.. . ." . ' ·' . . ..
. _qlsc~rriment ailow;. . .,. - · _-. , . .10.: Tq have-speedy.and impartlaf·trtai;. _ · , ·. · :.
· · · 2. To clerriand ·that the:.questio.ctirig or-interro"i;iatlon · .11. To.'be ..acdotded'all the· rights und.er th.e-Rule ori ·
.:·: take>plac.e in conditio.r.is that respect the ngtits of· '.· · Exarnin~tion·oJCl)ild. Wit,:ie~s;·· ·: .
. · -·_tbe child and at.e ~otnpliari_t with .child-sensitive 12: ,To .hav.e ·t1,e _. child'.s right to pti_va'cy be _}411 .
-: .. procedural role~;., . . . . .. : . protected·in all stages of the pro!:;e.ec1fngs; _..-.. ..
3. ·To:h_ave. the· c~jl~'s··faritily located ql')d notified··. 1·3. ,To appeal :in_ all case~: allowed· aAd;. In the:.
. -with d_ispatcl1; ·. . . . . . manner, pre~cribed .by law: alid . : . . . .• - ·. . _.
4. T0, be informed, .together.- w.ith _the parents, 14." In cas'Ei the chi!d has been· arrested for reasons
._.. guardians o~ .custod°i~ns or nearest relatives, by. . r.elated to. armed conflict; either· as:comba!~nt,
... ·".the. social w9rker 'of the consequences' of the . courier~ g~lde, or spy:·' . ·: . · .
, ··ottense_·auege~ \o have be_en co-~mitted with a a. To -be ·seg·(egated ··and._ have .. separate
· · · view - towa_i'ds couns~ling __ an·~ rehabilitation, c;letention quarters _frotn adults except. when
diversion. from criminal j1Jstice · system and the\rat,Hamify; :. · . · . · ~ ..
· reparation if:appro"prii\lte; ·· · b. To ·immediate free .legal assistan·ce Jn the'
. 5. To··_have .the' re.suits -of the -.chfld'.s .medic.al and abse·nc.e of private <;:o1:11isei; . . . : .. .~ . - ..
.dental examination . kept· confidential -unless c.· To irnmedlate.-noti~e of· such arresf'to·the ·
. otherw_ise ordered by the c"ourt; . . parents:· guardians, "or custodians -or nearest
6_- · To have the right ·.of .privayy. respected and . relatives; and .
protected at all"times, i_ncluding the utUiiation-o.f · ·..
arid the private complainant. · · i. , . · resorti(ig Jo for!,llal court adjudlcation (Sec. ,4(/)).· . · ,,.~
. . . ·~ " . .
.• .;.. • •
. -~
-,
'rli
The child shaU be released to the custody of a willing Divers ion Proqrarns-«: . ... ~·.)
and responsible ....motlier or father, or. appropriate .: . . 1.. .w~fren or oral reprimand or-citation: ':.1
·. gm~rdian or custodian or in. their absence, t!:m""'=~..-....2:;,·... written or.oral a·pology;. · .. · · .".
.. nearest relative, who shalt be respon!:lib.lep,fol'":thei· . y ~.~ ?·a.Y.men\ofthE(d~mag~.caused; .·
iU
. child'.~ go()d ~eha~-ior and appe~r.a~i~.f'.~ourt
whene\(er requ1r.ed. . . ·/
No child.shall be oraered defainecyrt_;ail p~~jJ:lg''.fnal.·
<'· iv";f.Yn:l~Q..t..Qf-the.cost_9Ntfe
r~~,--...::;-~::.._ E\etu/i o.'f'the-property;. . ·
._6. ~~arfc¥!~:supervision·order.s; ·. · . ·
p_roc;~edings;
. , .·
j..::P:i',!_11\Slft\Jtio_!}.alda/.e
. . :-
in the cor:m:tiunity;or ,.
nd cu~tody:(Sec. 34) ...
. .•
· cRtMlNAL PROCE.DUR:E.·
-e ••
!.
The court shall explore possibility amicable for. Note:: The court shall' set. the case tor 'dtsposltlcn
settlement ' except ·.. the . criminal aspect. . -Plea . · conference within 15 'days f.rom prornulqatlon of . .
· bargainlr'lg shall. only be resorted to if it shall. serve . sentence ·with notice to the socialworker, "the child, .
the best interest "of the child and demands. of : tne tna parents or ·gui;ird1an aa 'Htern., ·a.no"" ,the child's
.
. ' truth . and
restorative
. . -(Sec. 44).
. justice ." counsel, the victim and the victim's counsel.
pronoul")cem~q_t; of :gu.ilt_; with_ol:it pr~jO~ic~ -jO''!'t~~/·\,;,\r! .• :~:i:il':im.)~~ U::ID.ELI.l'f ES· f.0 R - . '· ...
child_'~ availing·o_t-other berjefi{s~ such ·a~j?~~liatii:m( if'</ k · -D'1tc·ij:NGESTIN'"G Ji
o"LD G.· · tN
quahf1od, ·or a.dJL!stment of __ pena,lty;: t\f.lffnt~rest. q.t:·\,J:I: . . J· , ·. . ·t;'l~~· .: E : · ;... , T · ·
. justice.. . · ·· · : .. :. -, : ·· . · 'tti ·d · ... :y.:.ri.i
A!Lf .wi BY·. N~O:l~\:_;ING.· .. H~
· · ·. ·. · . · ·. · · · '·'· · ..-. ·.. ;;Ji?~;;;:-~ · . . ·~:~ · RHJ.Jf.T\· OF· THE ACCUSED.··
Th.e i,enefits: o.f the. susp.e.[ided;.~ntenc~·s'_l;rall. f)bt' ....
-a
· _apply to <;tiild in conflic;!·~thifi~J:i~·~h_C>,,;_!"ta~,Qnc}t.i frt · : , · .-j· :
t). ·:· VEIRs&Ns.· TO-"l3AiL
il · · - .,~, · . · · · , · .. ,
.KNb-"
, ··.
enjoY:e!'.l .suspension· .. ot· -s~ri-~er:1ce:-;:~b!Jl:- ·st.Vl.!i' · ..t·¥;1 . . , -~i!~J_::i,;·i~$-~~~,ny T.RIAL
'!onetheles~ appJy ~o. one who\i~ ~9,n~c;_:te'ckot?arl. ;;i .- ·""'"'.:..;::::.:._ 1 -:-~ ·
dffen~e p~nisha~le by· reclusion;!J!.~!Jielflil,;or··lif~· · tJ : · . · ,. . · .', ·_ ·.
·imprisonm_er~·pursua_rJt to t_!"~·.proviifo~~ qf '/f5\A.,.No·, . >:?_,~,:· _ . A.M. No. 12-11~2-~C
9346 proh1b1ting the 1mpos1tio11 0Uhe·treatlli~M91ty' .).?'~.,·H-~-~:..;___
. .arid· ilJ :lieu' tt:,e~eof,' reclusion: perpel(l~~nd·1~.t.er=::....M::..:BYI.P~ . .· . . . . . .
.. application qf.°the p·rivileged mifigatirig.1{::1foumfe1·1;\i{ce · To effectively 1~plernent existing pol1cl.e_s l_ij1d .do:-vn ...
. o.fniinority:-- . . . ' ·· · ·. .··· , ·. '\;i,J~ f_t_t . . by tl}erCorJstitut1or.i, the 1.aws and th~ rules r,espectmg .
. · · , ·. ·. . . · .. : .... , . . :. · ':--:~1:-- · . the. accused'~. rights to ~ai! arrcfspeedy trial in ·.th~ .
·If.the chil~;-in coriflic\ wit,h:_the.law ·r~a-ches.·1 e
y13ar~ · ·.-: ·c~ntex~··_of- _deco.ngesti_n_g our de\e.n~i.on i_al!s· ·arJd:
.ofage·.wh1lfil under-suspended ·sentence; th~-=cqurl , : hum~rJt7.ln.9, the _.con_d1t1on_s of qetam~d .. pers~r,s.
sh.all. deter.mine whether tt> ·disch~rge ..• he. ·eh lid in· . ' ·. per:actmg the_ heaqn~ of their cases_: . ·- : .
. ~c;cord_atice witii-ttie',provi~ipns. of R:A.-·Np.··~34,i, or . · . '" .
.to extend ,the. suspended sentence·fo.r a
ma)(imum · A. THE .ijJGHT_TO.BAI.~ ..
period Cl.! upto the tlme;the c~i.f<fre.aches 2_1 ye·ars.9f · · · · .. ·: · · i. · . · .
age, orto"o_rder. se_rvice of sentence (Sec. 48). · · Duty of .the Court ~i:> Fix th~ Appropriate .Bail .· · ·
· ·., The _court ~hall, Sfter finding sufficient caus~ tb-liold.
Dispo~ltlon' . . ,r.. ·. . . . .·. :- the acc1,1sed·for-trial, fix .the.amount of bail .that the
· . In c·ase :of:. su~pended sentenc~. a child' in·.por1flict. · latter
r:nay post:(or·his·p.r9vislonal_r~leasE:1;-.taking ihto .
. · with ~he .Jaw- r.T.1ay., be· -sul;>jected to·. the :tallowing. account the · public P,roseoutor'.s- rec;ominendatioiJ ·
· · disposition _11_1easures:. . . . . ,. and ~i"r)Y relevant dati/ti:iat the c:0urt -may. tfi:ld from;
1. .car~, _guidance, an·~ supervision o"rder.s; · . the · crir'njrial: lriformatjon_ . and. : the ... s.u.ppoitipg
· ·. 2. -Community-service orders·; :, d_ocumerits submiJted_ with it.regarding the followi_ng:
. 3. · Drug and alcoh<?I trel;ltmenl; . . . . . · 1·. . Financial ability·.af the ·accused to give bail; .
4·. Ra.rticlpat_ion in_ group counseling :and. similar · .2.. Nature· and· circumstances.of the offense;· .
activities.; or . · -~·-· _Pen.alty for
the offense:.charged; . .: "- ·: ·
5, Gommitr:nent to a Y<;>uth·Rehabilitatlon Center of 4. C.haractEir.and reputation of the accused;
[?SyYD ._(Sec.·.49). · 5. Age· ar:id hea!th of the accused; · ::
6:_.· Weight of evidence.against-the accused;
1. Pr::ot>~bil°ity of th'~~ccused. appearing in trial; ·· .. ·sides·. to. examine t'1e:.witnesses as well. ·The ·'.j
. a·. · Forfeiture of other- bonds; ·· · . .. cou~.shall also.hear the ora1_.a~guments of the ' ·j
9. Fact that the accused was a f1.,1gitive from justice
.. wherlarre.sJed;-and r .' . . . parties on whether or not the evldence of.guilt is
strong· and· , .. · · ·. - · ' -
·
. • . :~
l
·1 o . .Pendency·· of cases 'in· wJ:ilc!1 the: a<?cused is r: .' : ·4. · Within °48 hours after th~·hearing, ~tie court shajt . : ·}~
·; u·nder bond (Sec. 1). . · · · issue an order containing a brief summary of the .· · .:]
evldenceot adduced, followed by the conclusion . : ~~i
Fi~ing.the ·amount-oi°E;J°~i.1 ·r . _. . of whether or not. the evidence .C>f .gu1Jf is ·~tron~.. . '. ~~)
P~n9ing .the ,ra{fle of the ·case to a ~egi:Jl~r' b~anch,of _ Such conclusiorr shall.not be reqardedasa pre-· ··.J
the court, the ijccl..ised may move for the fi~lng of the. judgment on the merlts of·the case that. is to .be ;~
amo1.1nrofba,1.· ·., .' . ' - ,. .. cl~ter.mineq only after.i3 fufl-blown \,:lal '(Se~~ 6), . . ~]
. . . .. . :_;~
Ttie. Exe~utiv~ j.~dge s.hall>caus~ U1e ·imrnediat~ · Fri~ol~u$ Complaints again'st Judges . . ..,:1
raffle ofthe Gci~e'for assignment an.d.tlie.hearing of. A party. ora lawyer who i~· guilty. of. filfrig Jrivo1qus ·., -'~
the motion·'(Sec.. 2). ··. · · · ·" · ·· aomlnistratlve Complaints ora petition for inhlbition · ·_::~
aga\nst a judge.arising from.the latter's .action on the ·. ·:.. - ·;_..•..~_.•.-.·,,,;, ::'_. •. :
Whe.n amount of Ball may be. r:equced . . . : ' <'IP.PliC~tion.for bail may be appropriately .sarictloried . }
. · 11 the .accueed.does not have the firianci_al·~bility to · . (Sec.'7).:. ·. .. . .. _,, · . . : ", ·.
·. · · post th_e amount initia(IY requtreo, .. he· may,m.o_v.e!,g_r~"""'-.
lts. reduction. Documents and ·a.ffi!'.lavits .,c;1srmay
· warrant. the reduction. must be ·.$ubmtt4elli. QY,:,the ·1 •
]u·· · -~- · · '. .·· ·. · .. : . · ·. : .. ·. · . ·:~ ·. ·
~rM~RIGHT TO SPE.EDY TR~AL:
/\,/ }? ·~~,. ·. · ·. · · ·
.
: · · · . · :_i
· .:'.:.~~-·-
•.
a.. Th~: 'tiea~in~ .-_on the-. cass. h~s . beer)' ~;,i; .· .:.cfe'-'.f~13 · and t~e. ackncwledqment. ·o( t~e '·
·. previously- twice postponed due to the, n?Jlt;,-1.;H. . ·. · reclplents; or.- · . . . . .. . ·· ·
· . appearance of "the· essential witness· JmfJ(/f.'-~\ : d. '. reports ~of_pt)on'e calls made by the._accused.
· both the,v,.-itness arid. the offended pa'1y,-)l!,·1' !.:;11 f The postal arid· email addresses .as well as the
t,hey are ~!'.) .different.persons, · have b'e'efo- _'·~:!ii .
..,~.mobile -~~<me. numbers· supplied· by the parties
'f · _.
given. notice of the setting· of the ca~~f~( ':/i~r,_;i;i.l!_•',3'nEI-tn4ir°witnesses·inc;ident-tb court cases shall·
. third hearing, 'which.notice contaiJJs·vlan:iing1~- --:-oe'~rggB~\!ied·as judicial processes in . those
that .the case would be di~Ri1ssed.i_f :tl:l,·i ....:.l ·.. . , ,cases; ·,rd~, . · . · ·. · ·. . .
essential' witness co1Jtinu·es ·19:..~(
~b~e~-·'.·~• ti\. 1 5>
ln'caso/O~)J:Olice ~ffie:ers·_wtiosetestimonies ~re
Jmi:l · · · ' .. ·: · . .- . '._ ~~~~, h;~r.~ · · :i] :. :esse11t1alIto tt)e prosecut1orio_f ~he case, ser:v,ce .
b. Th:re is 'proof_ of serv~~df· the.'fp€!.[.tinenJ,: ;A>of th/ li?_lice~f_-hea~n~.or_.·s_ubpoeA~ Shan: be
nbtice~.of ~earings o(s~~PC:Jfil!'.as;,'-:'~onthe_'• /.!1:, · m~;.,e,t~9,_t:19~:_~~-po!1ce._u11~Jespons1blefo_r the
e~se11tial wJtne~~ and,J?e.o-ffl:fl'.1.9~.~par\'¥.~.t f-l ar.rtffi~r;i:~~fN~~ution·._of the ac~~sed, cop¥
. tJ:ieir .last kno~n postal'q,(e"'.rua.iJ:id.£1res.-s~~).· ti:~~ - fumisb.~at-~VPersonnel Department of the
· ·.. o~ ~obile phon~ riumb_ers{--;~":-. \ · . y ~r/- · . Philippine National Police; a('.lcj .: ·. · ·.
3. The,.: P.Ublic or .private:· p"roseu.l)tor· sh~JI · first: . .Jft.......J}. The court· shall cause ttie· s·ervic~ of .a .copy of
· · · preserifduririg.the triat the ~ssentfal~itr:iess!:.~-·-::/r1.,·•.~:1~i~Uj~;,W,.~~rof__prl?vision_al: ·dismissal upon the
7
.. : . witne~ses to: the. c~se· befor 'pnY°{'?,'els~;{'r,:-...1~u.i.1~:°ffe_Reea~~rty in t?e. sar,ne _manner (Sec. _12).
. .. . . \l.; t:I'··-" . .. . . ...
. An essen_ti;il ·. wit~_ess . i,S one. wh.os_e~)1~ef_!lgioiiy 8~po~ ?f-g9ier.i:imE;.ntexpert _Wi~n_es~· . .
· · dwells on the presence of· some or aW · of .the A· ·cert1f1ed -copy of the report -1f a gover.nment
-~laments o(. the ·crime.',and ~h.ose testjmony'.. is· . -medical;_ ct;emi_cal,·or laboratory.ex'pert relating to a
indispens~ble to the convlclion of.- the ac.cused: (S.ec. · c'r.linlnl:!I:' case: ·shall be a·ctmissible as . prim_a_. f?..cie
. _10)... · : .. · : .evidetice. of_ ·truth ·of its· c.ontents. The personal
.. . . . . . ··. . · ..) ·. · · app.ea~ance of fhe· per.son who prepared such report..
.. ·Service of Su.bpo~na · and Notices . through . ,shall ·be .tlnnecess§ry unless. demanded 'by th~ ..
' EiectronlG Mail Qr:M,obile P'1.one~. . . . . ... ~Gcus'a'o_for the purpose of cross-.examination (Sec. I
Subpoenas and notiqes 'm_ay be served by the cpuct , . :13j, . . .
. to p°i,irties and wifnesses through e-mails .or through;
mobile(phone ·eitl'.ler -throug_h phone Call~- or through . . Re"li}val,Of°Cases· Proyision~IIY.Plsmissed .
. short ll'IE!SSaging service~ (SMS) (~er;;.. 11): : · · Tt,e. qne or- two~y~ar ·period· ·allowed' for. reviving .
provisionally -dismissed criminal,' ca&es shall qe .
·Proof · of· Service . of No.tice. <>f Hearing. or · .reckooecdrom tlie date of. issuance 'of the order-of
Subpoen~ . , . , : . ·. dlsrrif:;;sal, ·
To.ascertain the proper service of i:iotice of hearing ··
or subpoena: _.. · · . · · ·· · · · · . · The . dismissal· -~hall : · je"come automatically
1·. The public prose·cutorshall, during_ the· inquest per.manent i( the·. case. is not revi~ed within . the
or prellrriinary · investigation require.: .the · required· perlod. Such perrnaheot dismis.sal . shall
compl_alhant -and. witn~sses a'nd, .in proper.- amount to an al:lju<;lication of the case on the m~rits·
cases',. the police .,officers who wi.tnessed ''the · .(Sec; 14). . · · · · ·
commission· of · ttie · crime su!)ject' of the
Composition: · · '
It shall be chaired·by the Regional Trial Court judge. ·. {
The Metropolitan: or Municipal'. Trial Co4r(. Judge
shall serve asthe vlce-chalrman.Botb are appointed
for a term of 2 years·.. by the Bxecutlve:Judge of the '.•
place. · . .. .
.. .\.
. . The city or provincial pro~ecutor of the . place ·or· is . · .
representative · and the local · head . of the Public· ·. ·
Attorneys Office· ·shall 'be members, .of 'tiie'.Task
Force: · .. - · · .. .. ': · ' ·
....
;