TOPIC 1 8th Grade

B1
Previous knowledge:
From 6th
14 7
• Finding the simplest form of fractions: =
22 11
25 5 𝑎 𝑝 𝑎 𝑦 𝑦
• Equivalent fractions: = , = , = , y = ax, y=kx, k =
40 8 𝑏 𝑞 𝑏 𝑥 𝑥
• Comparing fractions: 5/7 > 2/3 > 4/9
• These symbols
 less than
 greater than
 less than or equal to
 greater than or equal to
 not equal to
 approximately equal to
 congruent to

 means same shape (similarity) &

the part means same size (equality)
• Understanding factors of a number: the factors of 54: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54, …
Multiples are the product of numbers: the multiples of 54: 54, 108, …
From 7th
• Operating with integers and fractions
• Graphing on all four quadrants of the coordinate plane
• Identifying equivalent ratios
• Finding scale factors (constant ratios rates, through the quotient of constant of proportionality
𝑦
k= (y = kx is the proportional relationship)
𝑥

VOCABULARY
congruent: same shape, same size
transformation: a process that manipulates a polygon or other two-dimensional object on a plane or
coordinate system. Mathematical transformations describe how two-dimensional figures move around a plane
or coordinate system. A preimage or inverse image is the two-dimensional shape before any transformation.

proportional reasoning: a relationship between two changing quantities in which the ratios between the two
quantities are equivalent.
scaling: maintaining, while changing the numbers appropriately; the constant ratio of one measure in one object
or model to the measure of another object or model without becoming disproportional.

scale factoring: the quotient of the measures of each pair of corresponding sides in two similar figures. A scale
factor is used to reduce or enlarge a figure.
Examples:

non-proportional reasoning: there is not a constant ratio between two quantities.

Other terms we will learn and become proficient in using in this unit:
reflection: mirror image or flip on the opposite side of a line and each object of equal distance from the line.
translation: slide
rotation: turn; turns a figure around a fixed point,
called the center of rotation. In the diagram,
a rotation about point P maps A to A″
so that PA = PA″. ∠APA″ is the angle of rotation.

translation rotation reflection

 non-symmetrical symmetry (symmetrical)

Additional words we will be learning in this TOPIC:

congruence mapping, congruent figures, perpendicular, bisects, line of reflection, dilation, prime, pre-
image, image, tessellation, and similar figures.