MATHEMATICS 9 Quarter 3 Week No.

6
Name: ________________________________ Section:___________________________________
Going back to the proportional sides having the values of x, y and z.
SIMILARITY OF FIGURES Now, suppose parallelogram PQRS is similar to parallelogram TUVW. 7 5 9 6
Similar figures, in geometry, are figures that have the same shape, but not Determine the values of x, y, z. = = =
14 10 18 12
totally the same size. The symbol means “is similar to.”
Here, we can see that the ratio of the corresponding sides can be simplified to
Let us consider the following figures:
1 1
. This value is what we called as the scale factor. Specifically, . is the scale
2 2
factor of parallelogram TUVW to parallelogram PQRS . While the scale
factor of parallelogram PQRS to parallelogram TUVW is 2.
Solution:
Given: PQ = 14 QR = 10 SR = 18 PS = 12 The scale factor is the ratio of the length of one side of a figure to the length
TU = y UV = 5 WV = z TW = x of the corresponding side of the other figure.
We say that ∆ XYZ “is similar to” ∆ PQR, in symbol ∆ XYZ ∆
XY YZ Since the corresponding sides are proportional, we have Illustrative Example 2
PQR, if and only if ∠X ≅ ∠P, ∠Y ≅ ∠Q, ∠Z ≅ ∠R and = = TU UV WV TW □SELF is similar to □TAKE. The sides of □SELF is 6, 9, 12 and 15cm. The
PQ QR = = =
XZ PQ QR SR PS shortest side of □TAKE is 4cm long.
PR and we can write these equations as,
TU UV UV WV WV TW
= = =
Definition PQ QR QR SR SR PS
A figure is similar to another figure if and only if the following conditions are then substituting the given, we have
satisfied: y 5 5 Z Z X
 All pairs of corresponding angles are congruent.
= = =
14 10 10 18 18 12
 All pairs of corresponding sides are proportional. Now, using the first equation we can solve for the value of y that is a. What is the scale
y 5 factor of □SELF to □TAKE?
Illustrative Example 1 =
14 10 b. Find the length of the longest sides of □TAKE.
Given the quadrilateral TEAM is similar to quadrilateral SOUL, identify c. Find the perimeter of □TAKE.
the congruent angles and proportional sides.
10 y=70 – getting the cross product d. Find the ratio of the perimeters of □SELF and □TAKE.
y=7 – dividing both sides by 10. Solution:
In the same manner, we can use the second equation to solve for the SE EL LF FS
value of z that is From the definition of similar figures, = = = .
TA AK KE ET
5 Z
= Let SE = 6, EL = 9, LF = 12 and FS = 15. So, TA = 4.
10 18 a. The scale factor is the ratio of the lengths of the two corresponding
10z = 90 – getting the cross product sides.
The congruent angles are: Z=9 – dividing both sides by 10. SE 6 3
Lastly, using the third equation to solve for the value of x, we have scale factor = = or
a. ∠S ≅ ∠T c. ∠U ≅ ∠A TA 4 2
b. ∠O ≅ ∠E d. ∠L ≅ ∠M Z X b. The longest side of □TAKE is ET.
=
18 12 SE FS
The proportional sides are: To find ET, use the proportion and .
9 X TA ET
= – substituting the value of z
18 12
1 | Math9/Q3/Week5-6
 SO OU UL SL obtained in the previous step 6 15
= = = = cross multiplication
TE EA AM TM 18x = 108 – getting the cross product 4 ET
x=6 – dividing both sides by 18. (15)(4) 60
ET = = or 10
6 6
Thus, the longest sides of □TAKE is ET (10 cm).

a. Perimeter of □TAKE = TA + AK + KE + ET. Two pairs of corresponding sides are proportional.

If ∠A ≅ ∠D and ∠B ≅ ∠E, then ∆ ABC ∆ DEF.
10 12
SE EL Illustrative Example =
Solve first for AK using the proportion = . 15 18
TA AK Determine whether the triangles are similar. If they do, write a similarity m∠V = 30 = m ∠Y The included angles are congruent
statement. Explain your answer.
Therefore, ∆ LOV ∆ RCY. SAS Similarity Theorem
6 9
= cross multiplication
4 AK 3. SSS Similarity Theorem
(9)(4) 36 If the sides of one triangle are proportional to the corresponding sides of a
AK = = or 6 second triangle, then the triangles are similar.
6 6
So, perimeter of □TAKE = 4 + 6 + 8 +10 = 28. Solution:
If there are two pairs of congruent angles, then the triangles are
b. Perimeter of □SELF = SE + EL + LF + FS similar.
= 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 1. ∠I ≅ ∠A because any two right angles are congruent.
= 42 2. Determine whether ∠M is congruent to ∠R.
PERIMETER OF □ SELF 42 3 m∠M = 180 – (90+65) The sum of the measure of In ∆ ABC and
= or m∠M = 25 angles of a triangle is 180. AB BC AC
PERIMETER of □ TAKE 28 2 ∆ DEF, = = , then ∆ ABC ∆ DEF.
 Both ∠M and ∠R measures 25°, so ∠M ≅ ∠R. DE EF DF
Illustrative Example
2. SAS Similarity Theorem Is ∆ DOG
PROVING THEOREMS FOR SIMILARITY OF TRIANGLES If two sides of one triangle are proportional to the corresponding two sides
or ∆ CAT similar
of another triangle and their respective included angles are congruent, then
Similarity Theorems to ∆ JLM?
the triangles are similar.
Let us consider ∆ TUV and ∆ XYZ below. In these figures, we Solution:
can see that ∠ T ≅ ∠ X , ∠ U ≅ Y and ∠ V ≅ ∠ Z . Since the  Check the ratios
of the

AB BC
If = and ∠B ≅ ∠E, then ∆ ABC ∆ DEF.
DE EF
corresponding sides in ∆ JLM and ∆ DOG.
Illustrative Example
Are the two triangles similar? Justify your answer. Shortest Sides Longest Sides Remaining Sides
corresponding angles are congruent, we can say that ∆ TUV ∆ XYZ by
the AAA Similarity Postulate. DO 8 2 OG 16 2 DG 12 2
= = = = = =
JL 12 3 LM 24 3 JM 18 3

2 | Math9/Q3/Week5-6
  Because all ratios are equal, ∆ DOG ∆ JLM.
AAA Similarity Postulate
 Check the ratios of the corresponding sides in ∆ JLM and ∆ CAT.
Two triangles are similar if and only if their corresponding angles are
congruent. Shortest Sides Longest Sides Remaining Sides
Solution: CA 12 AT 28 7 CT 20 10
= =1 = = = =
LV 10 2 JL 12 LM 24 6 JM 18 9
Remember that the sum of the measures of the interior angles of a = or
triangle is equal to 180 ° . With that said, we can determine the missing angle CR 15 3
OV 12 2  Since the ratios are not equal, ∆ JLM and ∆ CAT is not similar.
of the triangle if the two other angles are given. = or
CY 18 3

1. AA Similarity Theorem
If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle,
then the two triangles are similar.

ACTIVITY SHEET IN MATHEMATICS 9

Name: __________________________________ Section: ___________________ MELC No. 36 & 37 Score: ________________ Quarter 3 Week No.6

3 | Math9/Q3/Week5-6
 GENERAL
DIRECTIONS: B. Suppose hexagon ABCDEF is similar to hexagon UVWXYZ . C. □MATH is similar to □ORAL. The sides of □MATH is 10, 14, 24 and
Complete the following statements. 32cm. The shortest side of □ORAL is 15cm long.
Use the given
answer sheet
AF FE
in answering 10. =
all the activities. UZ ?
11. ? ≅ ∠ X
WX VW
12. =
? BC
13. ∠ V ≅ ?
23. What is the scale factor of □MATH to □ORAL?
A. CD B. ∠ B C. ∠ D D. ZY 1 2 3
A. B. C. D. 2
2 3 2
---WRITTEN SOLUTION IS EQUIVALENT TO POINTS---
Activity 3: CHOOSE THE BEST! 24. Find the lengths of the longest side of □ORAL.
Directions: Read and analyze each question. Shade only the letter that A. 36 B. 48 C. 56 D. 72
corresponds to your answer. (Show your solution at the back) 25. Find the perimeter of □ORAL.
A. 120 B. 130 C. 140 D. 150
MT 3
A. Given: ∆ MCT ∆ JEN and = .
JN 2 In Activity 4, explain your answer at the back of this paper.
14. Which of the following is a pair of corresponding sides of ∆ MCT
∆ JEN?
Activity 1: IS IT TRUE? MC CT MT MC MT CT
Directions: For each statement, Write A if the statement is ALWAYS TRUE, B A. = = C. = =
if the statement is SOMETIMES TRUE, and C if the statement is JE JN EN EN JE JN
NEVER TRUE. Shade the letter that corresponds to your answer. MC CT MT MC CT MT
B. = = D. = =
1. Two rectangles are similar. JN JE EN JE EN JN
2. Two rhombi are similar.
3. Two squares are similar. 15. For ∆ MCT ∆ JEN, the scale factor is __________.
4. Two congruent triangles are similar. 3 2 1
A. B. C. D. 2
5. Two similar triangles are congruent. 2 3 2
Activity 2: THINK ABOUT ME! 16. If MC = 9, then JE = _____________.
Directions: Complete the following statements and shade the letter that A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12
corresponds to your answer.
A. Assume ∆ PQR ∆ PST . Complete the following statements. 17. If CT = 27, then EN = ____________.
A. 3 B. 9 C. 18 D. 27
PT PS
6. = 18. If m∠M = 98, then _________ = 98.
PR ? A. m∠M B. m∠J C. m∠N D. m∠N
a 8
7. = A. Given the trapezoid BEST
? 18 trapezoid
8. ∠ PTS ≅ ? MANT, m∠TMA = 1050,
AM = 28, BT = 24,
9. ∠ QPR ≅ ? BM = 9, AN = 16 and
A. ∠ QPR B. PQ C. ∠ PRQ D. b ST = 52.

4 | Math9/Q3/Week5-6
Find the following:
19. BE
20. MT
21. m∠B
22. NT

A. 32.5 B. 15 C. 44.8 D. 105

5 | Math9/Q3/Week5-6