Learner’s Home Task in Mathematics

Subject : Mathematics Grade : 9 Quarter : 2 Week : 6

MELC : Proves the conditions for similarity of triangles: Competency Code: M9GE-IIIgh-1
SAS Similarity Theorem, SSS Similarity Theorem, SAS Similarity Theorem

Name : _________________________________ Section : ________________ Date : ____________

School : _________________________________ District : _____________________________________

I. Readings/Discussions
You have learned that Similar triangles are the triangles which have the same shape, but their
sizes may vary. All equilateral triangles, squares of any side lengths are examples of similar objects. In other
words, if two triangles are similar, then their corresponding angles are congruent and corresponding sides

˷
are in equal proportion. We denote the similarity of triangles here by ‘~
′ symbol.
If two or more figures have the same shape, but their sizes are different, then such objects are
called similar figures. Consider a hula hoop and wheel of a cycle, the shapes of both these objects are similar
to each other as their shapes are the same. C1
R
C2

˷
In the figure given above, two circles C1 and C2 with radius R and r respectively are similar as they
have the same shape, but necessarily not the same size. Thus, we can say that that C𝐶11 ~C
~ 𝐶2.2
It is to be noted that, two circles always have the same shape, irrespective of their diameter. Thus,
two circles are always similar.
Triangle is the three-sided polygon. The condition for the similarity of triangles is;
i.) Corresponding angles of both the triangles are equal, and
ii.) Corresponding sides of both the triangles are in proportion to each other.

Moreover, you have learned in Grade 8 that theorems and statements can also be proven using
paragraph proof, flowchart proof or columnar proof. Proofs of the theorems in this self-learning home task
use columnar proof to give you hints on how to proceed with the proof.
Below are examples on how similarity theorems are proven. Read, understand and analyze every
hint in coming up with the statements and reasons.

AA Similarity Theorem and Its Proof

AA Similarity Theorem
Two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of
another triangle.

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Illustration
W H If: < 𝑈 ≅< 𝐻; < 𝑉 ≅<𝑌
L U
Then: ∆𝐿𝑈𝑉 ~ ∆𝑊𝐻𝑌

Given: <U ≅<V H; < V ≅ < Y Y

Prove: ∆𝐿𝑈𝑉 ~ ∆ 𝑊𝐻𝑌

Hints Statements Reasons

1. Write all the given < U ≅ < H; < V ≅ < Y Given

2. Describe the measure of the 𝑚 < 𝑈 ≅ 𝑚 < 𝐻; 𝑚 < 𝑉 ≅ 𝑚 < 𝑌 Definition of congruent
congruent angles in statement 1 angles
3. Add 𝑚 < 𝑉 to both sides of 𝑚 < 𝑚 < 𝑈+𝑚 <𝑉 ≅𝑚 < 𝐻+𝑚 Addition property of
𝑈 = 𝑚 < 𝐻 in statement 2 <𝑉 equality
4. Substitute 𝑚 < 𝑉 on the right side 𝑚 < 𝑈+𝑚 <𝑉 ≅𝑚 < 𝐻+𝑚 Substitution Property of
of statement 3 using statement 2 <𝑌 Equality
5. Add the measures of all the angles 𝑚 < 𝑈 + 𝑚 < 𝑉 + 𝑚 < 𝐿 = 180; The sum of the
of a triangles LUV and WHY 𝑚 < 𝐻 + 𝑚 < 𝑌 + 𝑚 < 𝑊 = 180 measures of the three
angles in a triangle is
180.
6. Equate the measures of the angles 𝑚 < 𝑈+𝑚 < 𝑉+𝑚 <𝐿 = Transitive Property of
of triangles LUV and WHY from 𝑚 <𝐻+𝑚 <𝑌+𝑚 <𝑊 Equality
statement 5
7. Substitute 𝑚 < 𝐻 on the right side 𝑚 < 𝑈+𝑚 < 𝑉+𝑚 <𝐿 = Substitution Property of
of statement 6 using statement 2 𝑚 < 𝑈+𝑚 <𝑉+𝑚 < 𝑊 Equality
8. Simplify statement 7 𝑚<𝐿=𝑚<𝑊 Subtraction Property of
Equality
9. Are triangles LUV and WHY ∆𝐿𝑈𝑉 ~ ∆𝑊𝐻𝑌 AAA Similarity
similar? Reason should be based Postulate
from statements 2 and 8

SSS Similarity Theorem and Its Proof

SSS Similarity Theorem

Two triangles are similar if the corresponding sides of two triangles are in proportion.

Illustrative Example

I If: 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐵 𝐷𝐵
= =
E 𝑁𝐼 𝐼𝐿 𝑁𝐿

Then: ∆𝐷𝐸𝐵 ~ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐿

D B N L

2
Proof
I Prove: I
E ∆𝐷𝐸𝐵 ~ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐿
Proof: X
D B N L • Construct X on IL such
Given: that XL ≅ EB
𝐷𝐸
=
𝐸𝐵
=
𝐷𝐵
• From X, construct XW
𝑁𝐼 𝐼𝐿 𝑁𝐿
parallel to IN
intersecting NL at W. N W L

Hints Statements Reasons

1. Which sides are parallel by By construction

construction? 𝑋𝑊 ∥ 𝑁𝐼
2. Describe angles WXL & NIL and ∠𝑊𝑋𝐿 ≅ < 𝑁𝐼𝐿; Corresponding angles
XWL & INL based on statement < 𝑋𝑊𝐿 ≅< 𝐼𝑁𝐿 are congruent
1
3. Are WXL and NIL similar? ∆𝑊𝑋𝐿 ~ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐿 AA Similarity Theorem

4. Write the equal ratios of similar 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐿 𝑊𝐿 Definition of Similar

= =
triangles in statement 3 𝑁𝐼 𝐼𝐿 𝑁𝐿 polygons
5. Write the given 𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐵 𝐷𝐵 Given
= =
𝑁𝐼 𝐼𝐿 𝑁𝐿
6. Write the congruent sides that By construction
resulted from construction 𝑋𝐿 ≅ 𝐸𝐵

7. Use statement 6 in statement 5 𝐷𝐸 𝑋𝐿 𝐷𝐵 Substitution Property

= =
𝑁𝐼 𝐼𝐿 𝑁𝐿 of Equality
8. If
𝐷𝐸
=
𝑋𝐿
(statement 7) and 𝐷𝐸 𝑊𝑋 𝐷𝐵 𝑊𝐿 Transitive property of
𝑁𝐼 𝐼𝐿 = ; =
𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐿 𝑁𝐼 𝑁𝐼 𝑁𝐿 𝑁𝐿 Equality
= (statement 4), then
𝐼𝑁 𝐼𝐿
9. 𝑋𝐿 𝐷𝐵 𝑋𝐿 𝐷𝐸 =WX; DB = WL Multiplication Property
If = (statement 7) and =
𝐼𝐿 𝑁𝐿 𝐼𝐿
𝑊𝐿 of Equality
(statement 4), then
𝑁𝐿
10. Are triangles DEB and WXL ∆𝐷𝐸𝐵 ≅ ∆𝑊𝑋𝐿 SSS Triangle
congruent? Base your answer Congruence Postulate
from statements 9 and 6
11. Use statement 10 to describe < 𝑊𝐿𝑋 ≅ < 𝑁𝐿𝐼 Definition of congruent
angles WLX and NLI triangles
12. Substitute the denominators of 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐿 𝑊𝐿 Substitution Property
= = =1
statement 4 using the 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝐿 𝑊𝐿 of Equality
equivalents in statement 9 and
6, then simplify

3
 13. Using statements 2,11,and 12, ∆𝐷𝐸𝐵 ~ ∆𝑊𝑋𝐿 Definition of Similar
what can you say about triangles polygons
DEB and WXL?
14. Write a conclusion using ∆𝐷𝐸𝐵 ~ ∆𝑁𝐼𝐿 Transitivity
statements 13 and 3

Notice that we have also proven that congruent triangles are similar, where the uniform proportionality of
sides is equal to one (1).
SAS Similarity Theorem and Its Proof
SAS Similarity Theorem
Two triangles are similar if an angle of one triangle is congruent to an angle of
another triangle and corresponding sides including those angles are in proportion.

Illustrative Example
T
Q
If: 𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅
= ; <𝑅 ≅< 𝑈
U 𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈
P R S
Then: ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ~ ∆𝑆𝑇𝑈

Proof

T Prove: T
X
Q ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ~ ∆𝑆𝑇𝑈
Proof:
• Construct X on TU such
PGiven: 𝑃𝑄 = p
=R
𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅
that XU = QR.
𝑆𝑇 𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈 U
S U • From X, construct XW W

parallel to TS
intersecting SU at W
S

No. Hints Statements Reasons

1. Which sides are parallel by By construction

construction? 𝑋𝑊 ∥ 𝑆𝑇
2. Describe angles WXU & STU and < 𝑊𝑋𝑈 ≅ < 𝑆𝑇𝑈; Corresponding angles are
TSU based on statement 1. < 𝑋𝑊𝑈 ≅ < 𝑇𝑆𝑈 congruent

3. Are WXU and STU similar? ∆𝑊𝑋𝑈 ~ ∆ 𝑆𝑇𝑈 AA Similarity Theorem

4. Write the equal ratios of similar 𝑊𝑋 𝑋𝑈 𝑊𝑈 Definition of Similar

= =
triangles in statement 3 𝑆𝑇 𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈 polygons
5. Write the congruent sides that 𝑋𝑈 = 𝑄𝑅 By construction
resulted from construction
6. Write the given related to 𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑅 Given
=
corresponding sides 𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈

4
 7. Use statement 5 in statement 6 𝑋𝑈 𝑃𝑅 Substitution Property of
=
𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈 Equality

8. If
𝑋𝑈
=
𝑃𝑅
(statement 7) and 𝑃𝑅 𝑊𝑈 Transitive Property of
𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈 =
𝑋𝑈 𝑊𝑈 𝑆𝑈 𝑆𝑈 Equality
= (statement 4), then
𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈

If
𝑋𝑈
=
𝑃𝑅
(statement 7), then
𝑄𝑅
= 𝑄𝑅 𝑋𝑈
𝑇𝑈 𝑆𝑈 𝑇𝑈 =
𝑃𝑅 𝑇𝑈 𝑇𝑈
(statement 6), then
𝑆𝑈
9. Multiply the proportion in statement 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑊𝑈 Multiplication Property of
8 by their common denominators Equality
and simplify 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑋𝑈

10. Write the given related to <𝑅 ≅<𝑈 Given

corresponding angles
11. What can you say about triangles ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ≅ ∆𝑊𝑋𝑈 SAS Triangle
PQR and WXU based on Congruence Postulate
statements 9 & 10
12. Write a statement when the reason ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ~ ∆ 𝑊𝑋𝑈 Congruent triangles are
is the one shown similar
13. Write a conclusion using ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 ~ ∆ 𝑆𝑇𝑈 Substitution Property
statements 12 & 3

II. Exercises:
Exercise 1
Direction: Complete the table. Use the AA and SAS Similarity Theorem in writing an if-then statement
to describe the illustration or in completing the figure based on the if-then statement.
1.
If:

Then: ∆𝐻𝐸𝑌 ~ ∆ __________

2.

If:

Then:

If: 𝐴𝑅 𝐴𝑌
< 𝐴 ≅ < 𝑈; =
𝑈𝑆 𝑈𝑁

Then: ∆𝑅𝐴𝑌 ~ ∆𝑆𝑈𝑁

5
Exercise 2
Direction: Fill in the table.
1. Prove that ∆𝐷𝐴𝑀 ~ ∆𝐹𝐴𝑁.

Hints: Statements Reasons

1 Congruent angles with markings
2 Congruent angles because they are
vertical
3 Conclusion based on statement 1 and 2
2. Prove that ∆𝐸𝑅𝑇 ~ ∆𝑆𝐾𝑌.

Hints Statements Reasons

1 Do all their corresponding sides have
uniform proportionality? Verify by
substituting the lengths of sides. Simplify ? ? :
afterwards. By
computation

= = =

2 Conclusion based on the simplified ratios

III. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

A. Directions: Write only the letter of the choice that you think best answers the question. Please
answer all items.
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑀
1. If = , which of the following data makes ∆𝐶𝐴𝑀 ~ ∆𝑆𝐴𝑌 𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝐴𝑆 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚?
𝐴𝑆 𝐴𝑌

a. < 𝐶𝐴𝑀 ≅ < 𝑆𝐴𝑌

b. < 𝐴𝐶𝑀 ≅ < 𝐴𝑆𝑌
c. < 𝐴𝑀𝐶 ≅ < 𝐴𝑌𝑆
d. < 𝑆𝐶𝑀 ≅ < 𝑌𝑀𝐶

2. What similarity concept justifies that ∆𝐴𝐸𝐻 ~ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐿?

a. Right Triangle Proportionality Theorem

6
b. Triangle Proportionality Theorem
c. SSS Proportionality Theorem
d. SAS Similarity Theorem
Determine whether each pair of triangles is similar. Justify your answer.
3.
a. No; sides are not proportional.
b. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐴𝐶 by SSS Similarity
c. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 by SSS Similarity
d. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 by SSS Similarity

4.
a. No; the sides are not congruent.
b. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 by SSS Similarity
c. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 by ASA Similarity
d. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 by SAS Similarity

5. a. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 by AA Similarity

b. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 by AA Similarity
c. Yes; ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 ~ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐴 by ASA Similarity
d. No; there is not enough information to determine similarity.

B. Directions: Prove the given figure base on the theorem stated. Use the given hints in order to
choose a correct statement and reason. Fill in the table completely.

Hints Statements Reasons

1 Write in a proportion the
ratios of two corresponding
proportional sides
2 Describe included angles of
the proportional sides
3 Conclusion based on the
simplified ratios

SAS Similarity Theorem ∆𝑅𝐴𝑃 ~ ∆𝑀𝐴𝑋 Vertical angles < 𝑅𝐴𝑃 ≅ < 𝑀𝐴𝑋
are congruent
𝐴𝑅 𝐴𝑃
Given =
𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑋

7
 C. Direction: Apply SSS Similarity Theorem in writing the if-then statement to describe the given
illustration.

If:

Then:

If: 𝑂𝑌 𝑂𝐽 𝐽𝑌
= =
𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝑀 𝑀𝑁

Then: ∆𝐽𝑂𝑌 ~ ∆𝑀𝐴𝑁

IV. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

Use and analyze the figure to complete the statement based on the triangle similarity theorems.

Statement:
∆𝐻𝐺𝐹 ~ ∆____ by _______Similarity Theorem.

References:
1. Learner’s Material for Mathematics Grade 9, pp. 371- 378
2. 2002 Basic Education Curriculum (Mathematics III:Geometry), pp.89 - 99

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

ACE S. BERONILLA PAMELA A. RODEMIO

Teacher III EPS in Mathematics
Don Esteban Nolasco Memorial NHS Division of Cebu Province

GUIDE

For the Teacher: Advise the students to read the reading and discussion portion before they attempt to
answer the practice exercises. Going through the parts sequentially will help them understand easily the topic.

For the Learner: Read through the self-learning home task from the first part to the last part. Doing so, will
help you understand better the topic.

For the Parent/Home Tutor: Assist your child and make sure that he/she reads the self-learning home task
from beginning to end to ensure proper understanding of the concepts.