STUDI OPTIMASI OFFSHORE PIPELINE

REPLACEMENT DI AREA BEKAPAI TOTAL E&P

INDONESIE, BALIKPAPAN

Oleh :
Ema Sapitri 4307 100 112

Mentor : Dosen Pembimbing:

1. Faisal Akbar, HS ENG/CST/PWK TEPI 1. Ir. Hasan Ikhwani, M. Sc
2. Hendri Sudjianto, PE ENG/CST/PWK TEPI 2. Prof. Ir. Daniel M. Rosyid, Ph. D

Jurusan Teknik Kelautan

Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2011
 OUTLINE

LATAR BELAKANG

DATA OFFSHORE PIPELINE

PERUMUSAN MASALAH

MANFAAT

BATASAN MASALAH

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

KESIMPULAN
 LATAR BELAKANG

• Offshore pipeline replacement

merupakan aktivitas rutin di
perusahaan migas (design life)

• Selama ini di TOTAL E&P

Indonesie, Balikpapan menggunakan
studi komparasi utk melakukan
desain pipa

• Perlu adanya studi optimasi

• Flowrate (produksi) pipa di area

bekapai dari platform BK ke BP-1
menurun

• Perlu adanya laying analisis

sebelum dilakukan instalasi pipa Source : Intranet TOTAL E&P Indonesie
LOKASI REPLACEMENT

Source : Intranet TOTAL E&P Indonesie

 TABEL 1.2 DATA PIPA
Pipeline
Pipeline Lenght
Field Pipeline Section Section Type Pigging Pipeline To Product
From (km)
Status

8'' BK to Offshore
Bekapai Offshore Pipelines Piggable BP-1 BK 1.8 Oil
BP-1 Pipelines
8'' BK to Riser BK (8" BK to
Bekapai Risers Piggable BP-1 BK 1.8 Oil
BP-1 BP-1)
8'' BK to Riser BP-1 (8" BK
Bekapai Risers Piggable BP-1 BK 1.8 Oil
BP-1 to BP-1)

Concrete Concrete
Pipeline Design Pipeline Operating Operating
Coating Coating API
CP System Design Safety Design Pressure Temperature Effluent
Thickness Density (kg Material
Code Factor Life (yrs) (bar) (deg C)
(mm) m3)

Sacrificial ASME
38 3000 X42 0.72 25 8 40 Oil
Anode B31.4
Sacrificial ASME
N/A N/A X42 0.72 25 8 40 Oil
Anode B31.4
Sacrificial ASME
N/A N/A X42 0.72 25 8 40 Oil
Anode B31.4

Source : Intranet TOTAL E&P Indonesie

 TABEL 1.2 DATA PIPA
Design
Pipeline Design Wall Corrosion Coating
Date Pipeline Temperat Coating
Position Age Pressure Thickness Allowance Thickness
Commissioned Class ure (deg Type
Type (bar) (mm) (mm) (mm)
C)
Offshore
Flow
12/31/1985 Laid on 24 80 9.52 5 CTE 6
Line
Seabed
Flow Platform
12/31/1985 24 80 12.7 5 Fibreglass 0.3
Line Riser
Flow Platform
12/31/1985 24 80 12.7 5 Fibreglass 0.3
Line Riser

MAIN PIPELINE - INTEGRITY STATUS

(IP Based - October 2010)

P/L Segment
Line Fitness-For-Purpose Status @
No Pipe Ø Product Last IP Action Action by
Status Design Pressure (DP)
From To

9 8" BK BP In-Service Oil 03/2007 Not Fit for Purpose Repair the pipeline ENG/CST

Affirm future requirement or non-requirement for pipeline use based on cost AMB
AMB/BSP/BKP
Continue cleaning pigging routinely

Monitor SRB content regularly MNS/INS/COR

Reinstall access fitting for CC & ERP MNS/INS/COR
Perform a full CP potential survey as baselin MNS/INS/COR
Schedule next IP based on repair/replacement schedule (1) MNS/INS/PIM

Source : Intranet TOTAL E&P Indonesie

 DATA PIPA

Source : Intranet TOTAL E&P Indonesie

 DATA PRODUKSI/PROSES PIPA

Production/Process Data

Oil Flow Rate, Qo = 70.4 STBD = 395.30 ft3/day

Gas Flow Rate, Qg = 4.1 MMScfd = 4189.91 ft3/day

Water Flow Rate, Qw = 100 bwpd = 561.50 ft3/day

Operating Pressure, P = 8 bar = 116.03 psi
0 0
Maximum Operating Temperature, T = 40 C = 563.67 R
Design Pressure, Pd = 80 bar = 1160.30 psi
Pressure Drop, ΔP = 0.8 bar = 11.60 psi

Source : DEPT.ENG/PRO TOTAL E&P Indonesie

ENVIRONMENT DATA

Source : DEPT.ENG/SVY TOTAL E&P Indonesie

PERUMUSAN MASALAH
1. Bagaimana meminimalkan berat pipa untuk mendapatkan
diamater luar pipa (Do) dan tebal pipa (t) yang optimum
dengan mempertimbangkan constraint (kendala) berikut :
1. Stress Analysis, yang menjadi constraint adalah
hoop stress.
2. Buckling Analysis, yang meliputi : system collapse
check dan propagation buckling.

2. Bagaimana stabilitas pipa di dasar laut (on bottom

stability : vertical stability dan lateral stability) ?

3. Berapa panjang bentangan pipa yang diijinkan dan

panjang bentangan kritis pipa (free span analysis) ?

4. Bagimana laying analysis dan persentase yield stress

yang dihasilkan dari pemodelan OFFPIPE ?

5. Berapa dimensi diameter luar pipa (Do) dan tebal pipa (t)
yang optimum untuk dapat dioperasikan di BK-BP 1
platform area Bekapai tersebut ?
 MANFAAT
1. Memberikan manfaat dan
kontribusi nyata bagi perusahaan
TOTAL E&P Indonesie, Balikpapan
khususnya dan instansi terkait
atau lembaga penelitian serta
masyarakat pada umumnya.

2. Memberikan informasi / data

sebagai referensi bagi perusahaan
migas, lembaga penelitian atau
instansi lain yang terkait maupun
pihak independent.
 BATASAN MASALAH
1. Studi ini dilakukan di perusahaan TOTAL E&P Indonesie, Balikpapan, yaitu studi
optimasi pada pipa lepas pantai di area Bekapai yang menghubungkan platform
BK ke BP1 dengan diameter original 8 inchi.
2. Variabel optimasi  Diameter luar pipa (Do) dan tebal pipa (t)
3. Constraint yang dipertimbangkan  stress analysis : hoop stress, buckling
analysis : system collapse dan propagation buckling.
4. Parameter desain yang diperhitungkan meliputi : perhitungan on bottom stability,
stress analysis, buckling analysis dan free span analysis.
5. Metode instalasi yang digunakan  metode S-lay (pipa di area interfield offshore,
d = 35 m).
6. Laying analysis dengan bantuan pemodelan software OFFFPIPE.
7. Pipeline design codes yang digunakan :
• ASME B 31.4 2009 (Main Code)
• DNV RP-F109 2010 – OBS (On Bottom Stability)
• DNV RP-F110 2007 – Global Buckling
• DNV RP-F105 2006 – Free Span
• DNV RP-E305 1988 – OBS (On Bottom Stability)
• DNV OS-F101 2010 – SPS (Submarine Pipeline System)
• API RP-14E 1991 – Line Sizing
8. GS dari TOTAL yang digunakan :
• GS EP COR 220 2010 -- Corrosion
• GS EP PLR 100 2011 – Pipelnes-Risers
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

KLICK HERE
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
Kalkulasi Dimensi Awal Pipa
Erosional velocity

Dengan :

Ve = kecapatan aliran tererosi, feet/second

c = konstanta empiris
ρm = mixture density dari gas/liquid pada tekanan dan suhu tertenti, lbs/ft3
P = Tekanan pada saat beroperasi, psia
Sl = Spesific gravity cairan (Air = 1, gunakan garvitasi rata-rata untuk
campuran air hidrokarbon) pada kondisi standart
R = Ratio gas/liquid, ft3/barrel pada kondisi standart
T = Suhu pada saat beroperasi, 0R
Sg = Spesific gravity gas (udara=1) pada kondisi standart
Z = Faktor kompresibilitas gas

A = Minimum pipe cross-sectional area yang dibutuhkan, in2/1000

barrels liquid per day
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Kalkulasi Dimensi Awal Pipa

 Pressure Drop

Dengan :

Qg = Laju aliran gas, million cubic feet/day (14,7 psia dan 600F)
Sg = Spesific gravity gas (udara = 1)
Ql = Laju aliran cairan, barrels/day
Sl = Spesific gravity cairan (air = 1)
= Penurunan tekanan, psi/100 feet
di = Diameter dalam pipa, inchi
= Density gas/cairan pada aliran tekanan dan suhu tertentu, lbs/ft3
W = Jumlah cairan dan laju aliran uap air lbs/hr
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Kalkulasi Dimensi Awal Pipa

Reference : API RP-14 E-1991 (Line Sizing)

 Dari erosional velocity criteria dihasilkan minimum pipe inside diameter
sebesar 2.525 in
Penurunan tekanan (pressure drop) sebesar 1.18 psi/100 ft.
 Karena diameter terlalu kecil, sehingga dipilih 4.5 in & 6.625 in dalam
mechanical design
Diameter original 8 in tetap dipakai sebagai batasan maksimum dalam
optimasi
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
Kalkulasi Tebal Pipa (Pipe Wall Thickness)
Reference : ASME B31.4 2009

Dengan :
Do = Diamater luar pipa, in (mm)
F1 = Faktor desain hoop stress (Tabel 3.9)
Pe = Tekanan eksternal pipa, psi
Sh = Hoop stress, psi
Sy = Specified Minimum Yield Strength, psi
T = Tebal pipa nominal, in (mm)
Pe = Tekanan Eksternal pipa, psi
w = Massa jenis air, kg/m3

h = Kedalaman air laut, m

G = Percepatan gravitasi, m/s2
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
Kalkulasi Tebal Pipa (Pipe Wall Thickness)
Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4.1 Tebal Pipa tiap Material Grade (API 5L 2000)

Grade Do t min (mm) t req (mm) t selected (mm)

4.5'' = 114.3 mm 2.516 5.516 6.02
B
6.625" = 168.275 mm 3.704 6.074 7.112
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 2.096 5.096 6.02
X-42
6.625" = 168.275 mm 3.086 6.086 7.112
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 1.914 4.914 5.563
X-46
6.625" = 168.275 mm 2.818 5.818 6.35
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 1.693 4.693 4.775
X-52
6.625" = 168.275 mm 4.693 5.493 5.563
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 1.572 4.572 4.775
X-56
6.625" = 168.275 mm 2.315 5.315 5.563
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
Analisis Tegangan (Stress Analysis)
Hoop Stress

Dengan :
Do = Diamater luar pipa, in (mm)
F1 = Faktor desain hoop stress (Tabel 3.9)
Pe = Tekanan eksternal pipa, psi
Sh = Hoop stress, psi
Sy = Specified Minimum Yield Strength, psi
T = Tebal pipa nominal, in (mm)

Longitudinal Stress & Combined Stress

Dengan :
F2 & F3 = Faktor desain combined stress (Tabel 2.9)
Sl = Longitudinal Stress
St = Torsional stress, psi (MPa)
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
Analisis Tegangan (Stress Analysis)
Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4. 2 Tebal Pipa tiap Material Grade (API 5L 2000)
Grade Do Check Sh (psi) Allowable Sh (psi) Presentase Sh Check
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 10530.616 25200 0.420 OK
B
6.625" = 168.275 mm 13122.962 25200 0.520 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 10530.616 30240 0.350 OK
X-42
6.625" = 168.275 mm 13122.962 30240 0.430 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 11395.705 33120 0.344 OK
X-46
6.625" = 168.275 mm 14697.718 33120 0.444 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 13276.295 37440 0.355 OK
X-52
6.625" = 168.275 mm 16777.011 37440 0.448 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 13276.29505 40320 0.329 OK
X-56
6.625" = 168.275 mm 16777.01066 40320 0.416 OK
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Analisis Tegangan (Stress Analysis)

Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4.3 Tebal Pipa tiap Material Grade (API 5L 2000)
Allawable Stress
Grade Do Longitudinal Stress Combined Stress (psi) Check
(psi)
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 70% 13968 OK
B ≤ 31500
6.625" = 168.275 mm 83% 15959 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 58% 13968 OK
X-42 ≤ 37800
6.625" = 168.275 mm 69% 15959 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 55% 13722 OK
X-46 ≤ 41400
6.625" = 168.275 mm 65% 15392 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 55% 15568 OK
X-52 ≤ 46800
6.625" = 168.275 mm 65% 17239 OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 52% 15568 OK
X-56 ≤ 50400
6.625" = 168.275 mm 61% 17239 OK
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Analisis Buckling (Buckling Analysis)

Karakteristik Collapse

Dengan :

Pc = Tekanan collapse, psi

Pel = Tekanan collapse elastic, psi
Pp = Tekanan collapse plastis, psi
fo = Ovality
D = Diameter luar, in
t2 = Tebal minimum dinding pipa
E = Modulus young (30022811,71 psi)
αfab = Faktor toleransi fabrikasi
v = Poisson ratio, 0.3
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Analisis Buckling (Buckling Analysis)

System Collapse Check
Dengan :
p min = Tekanan internal minimum, psi
= Material resitance factor, (Tabel 2.14)
= Safety class resistance factor
Pc = Tekanan collapse, psi

Propagation Buckling
Kondisi terjadinya propagation buckling jika :
Ppr
Ppr < Pin < Pe Pe 
Dengan :  m sc
Pe = tekanan eksternal, psi
Ppr = Tekanan perambatan buckling, psi
fy = Tegangan yield, psi
D = Diameter luar pipa, in
t2 = Tebal minimum dinding pipa, in
αfab = Faktor fabrikasi
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Analisis Buckling (Buckling Analysis)

Tabel 4.5 System Collapse Check pada Material Grade B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56

Caracteristic Syarat (Check

Check Collapse
Grade Ouside Diameter (Do) Collapse Pe - Pmin <
(psi)
Pressure (Pc), psi 1109.260 psi)
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 14883.07 2695.345
B OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 8442.583 1806.31
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 15665.777 2837.094
X-42 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 8959.642 1916.936
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 13636.79 2282.162
X-46 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 7343.278 1402.778
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 10636.163 1527.86
X-52 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 6042.704 1011.267
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 10950.234 1572.976 OK
X-56
6.625" = 168.275 mm 6253.288 1046.509 NOT OK
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Analisis Buckling (Buckling Analysis)

Tabel 4.6 Propagation Buckling pada Material Grade B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56

Check Check (Syarat

Outside Diameter Ppropagation
Grade Ratio Do/t Propagation > Pe (1109.260
(Do) Presssure (psi)
Pressure (psi) psi))
4.5'' =
34.428 169.097 129.21
114.3 mm
B OK
6.625" = 168.275
38.14 130.902 100.024
mm
4.5'' =
25.743 160.69 121.58
114.3 mm
X-42 OK
6.625" = 168.275
24.638 115.46 92.34
mm
4.5'' =
39.923 153,473 117.272
114.3 mm
X-46 OK
6.625" = 168.275
46.103 107.097 81.835
mm
4.5'' =
55.084 77.584 59.283
114.3 mm
X-52 OK
6.625" = 168.275
58.776 65.97 50.409
mm
4.5'' =
55.084 83.552 63.843
114.3 mm
X-56 OK
6.625" = 168.275
58.776 71.044 54.286
mm
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Stabilitas Pipa (On Bottom Stability)

Stabilitas Vertikal (DNV-RP-F109 2010)

Dengan :
= Safety factor
b = Gaya apung pipa tiap satuan panjang, N/m
ws = Berat pipa yang terpendam tiap satuan panjang, N/m
sg = Pipe spesific density

Gaya apung pipa tiap satuan panjang (b) dan berat pipa yang tenggelam tiap satuan
panjang (ws) dapat dihitung dengan formula berikut :

Dengan :
= Masa jenis air laut (1025 kg/m3)
g = Percepatan gravitasi (9,81 m/s2)
Dc = Diamater luar pipa termasuk seluruh coating, m
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

On Bottom Stability

Stabilitas Lateral (DNV-RP-F109 2010)

Dengan :
= Faktor keselamatan (safety factor)
= Beban hidrodinamis pada arah horisontal, N/m
= Beban hidrodinamis pada arah vertikal, N/m
= Tahanan tanah pasif, N/m
= Koefisien gesek
= berat pipa yang tenggelam tiap satuan panjang, N/m

Dari kalkulasi tidak pipa diameter 4.5 in dan 6.625 in masih stabil secara
vertikal maupun lateral
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
On Bottom Stability  Vertical Stability
Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4.7 Tabel Hasil Kalkulasi Stabilitas Vertikal pada Pipa dalam Kondisi Instalasi dan Operasi

Installation Condition Operation Condition

Grade Do
Ratio Syarat DNV Check Ratio Syarat DNV Check
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.414 0.346
B ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.436 0.353
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.401 0.337
X-42 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.408 0.335
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.420 0.350
X-46 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.446 0.360
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.430 0.357
X-52 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.457 0.367
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.430 0.357
X-56 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.457 0.367
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
On Bottom Stability  Lateral Stability (Installation Condition)
Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4.8 Tabel Hasil Kalkulasi Stabilitas Lateral pada Pipa dalam Kondisi Instalasi

Design
Syarat Ration DC dg Passive Syarat
Grade Do Criterion Check Check
DNV Soil Resistance DNV
(DC)
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.447 0.070
B ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.573 0.351
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.430 0.068
X-42 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.529 0.323
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.455 0.072
X-46 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.589 0.361
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.469 0.074
X-52 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.606 0.371
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.469 0.074
X-56 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.606 0.371
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN
On Bottom Stability  Lateral Stability (Oparation Condition)
Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4.9 Tabel Hasil Kalkulasi Stabilitas Lateral pada Pipa dalam Kondisi Operasi

Design
Syarat Ration DC dg Passive Syarat
Grade Do Criterion Check Check
DNV Soil Resistance DNV
(DC)
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.700 0.112
B ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.860 0.465
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.700 0.112
X-42 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.860 0.465
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.712 0.113
X-46 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.884 0.478
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.773 0.117
X-52 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.911 0.493
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 0.773 0.117
X-56 ≤ 1.0 OK ≤ 1.0 OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 0.911 0.493
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Free Span Analysis

Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4. 10 Tabel Hasil Kalkulasi Free Span Analysis pada Material Grade B, X42, X46, X52, dan X56

The Critical
The Critical
Span Lenght for Check Ls
Outside Diameter Span Lenght, Span Lenght for
Grade Cross Flow < LC-IL & LC-
(Do) Ls (m) In-Line Motion,
Motion 1, LC-CF CF
LC-IL (m)
(m)
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 8,819 12,617 17,889
B 6.625" = 168.275 OK
12,430 14,000 27,832
mm
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 8,775 12,554 17,800
X42 6.625" = 168.275 OK
12,305 13,859 27,552
mm
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 8,692 12,436 17,632
X46 6.625" = 168.275 OK
11,855 13,703 27,241
mm
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 8,443 12,080 17,128
X52 6.625" = 168.275 OK
11,855 13,352 26,544
mm
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 8,443 12,080 17,128
X56 6.625" = 168.275 OK
11,855 13,352 26,544
mm
 ANALISIS & PEMBAHASAN

Laying Analysis

Analisis laying pipa pada saat instalasi dilakukan dengan bantuan software
OFFPIPE untuk pengecekan terhadap besarnya yield stress maksimum yang
terjadi baik pada daerah over bend maupun sag bend.

Berikut tabel bending stress maksimum yang dijinkan pada daerah over bend
maupun sag bend.

Tabel 8. Maximum Allowable Bending Stress (Referensi : Laying Analysis PT. Dwi Satu
Mustika Bumi)
 LAYING ANALISYS

Gambaran Proses Laying Analysis

Gambar 2.20 Tegangan pada Daerah Overbend (Bai. Y, 2001)

 LAYING ANALISYS

Laying Analysis Hasil Pemodelan Software OFFPIPE

Material grade  B, X-42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 (API 5L-2000).
Tabel 4.10 Persentase Yield Stress sebagai Output dari (Hasil Pemodelan) software OFFPIPE
Max. Percent Max.
Percent
Allowable Yield Allawable
Grade Do Yield Stress Check Check
Yield Stress Stress Yield Stress
(Overbend)
(Overbend) (Sagbend) (Sagbend)
4.5'' =
103.08% 49.28% OK
114.3 mm NOT
B ≥ 85% ≤ 70%
OK NOT
6.625" = 168.275 mm 311.01% 70.06%
OK
4.5'' = 114.3 mm 81.64% 44.88%
X-42 ≤ 85% OK ≤ 70% OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 82.10% 65.54%

4.5'' = 114.3 mm 74.66% 40.97%

X-46 ≤ 85% OK ≤ 70% OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 78.64% 65.11%

4.5'' = 114.3 mm 66.04% 36.24%

X-52 ≤ 85% OK ≤ 70% OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 67.82% 59.77%

4.5'' = 114.3 mm 72.60% 33.34%

X-56 ≤ 85% OK ≤ 70% OK
6.625" = 168.275 mm 66.75% 49.41%
 PEMODELAN OPTIMASI

Pemodelan optimasi hanya dilakukan pada material grade B, X-42, dan X-

52 , karena :
 Mengacu ke desain lama (diameter in, material grade X-42)
 Material grade B tidak lolos laying analysis pada pemodelan OFFPIPE
 Material grade X-56 terlalu tinggi grade-nya

Material Grade X-52

Tabel 4.11 Data Diameter dan Tebal Pipa Material Grade X-52

Hoop Stress (Psi) System Collapse (Psi) Propagation Buckling (Psi)

D (in) t (in) D (in) t (in) D (in) t (in)
4,5 0,0755 4,5 0,139 4,5 0,183
6,625 0,11 6,625 0,25 6,625 0,22
8 0,133 8 0,125 8 0,243
 PEMODELAN OPTIMASI
Kemudian akan diplot dalam grafik untuk mencari titik optimum.
.
Grafik Optimasi tiap Constraint (Psi)
0,3

y = -0,0002x2 + 0,0196x + 0,0988

0,25
y = -0,0409x2 + 0,5072x - 1,3153

0,2
Tebal Pipa (in)

Hoop Stress X-52

System Collapse X-52
0,15
Propagation Buckling X-52
Poly. (Hoop Stress X-52)
Poly. (System Collapse X-52)
0,1
Poly. (System Collapse X-52)
Poly. (Propagation Buckling X-52)
0,05 y = 0,0001x2 + 0,0147x + 0,0066

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Diameter Luar Pipa (in)

Gambar 4. 3 Grafik Optimasi tiap Constraint pada Material Grade X52
 PEMODELAN OPTIMASI

Sehingga titik optimumnya adalah : (7.2 , 0.1132).

Hal ini berarti pada material grade X-42 diameter luar pipa yang
optimum adalah 7.2 in dan tebal pipanya optimum adalah 0.1132 in.
Dengan berat pipa = 36.029 lb/in.
Karena diameter luar ini tidak disediakan dalam schedule pipa
(API 5L 2000), maka dipilih yang mendekati diameter luar dan tebal
pipa dalam schedule pipa, yaitu diameter luar pipa 8.625 in dan
tebal pipa 0.125 in.
 KESIMPULAN
1. Meminimalkan berat pipa dilakukan dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel dengan
membuat persamaan objektif tiap constraint dengan memplotkan 2 variabel
diameter luar dan tebal pipa pada grafik.

2. Pipa dengan Ø 4.5” dan Ø 6.625” pada masing-masing material grade (B, X-
42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 masih stabil baik kondisi instalasi maupun operasi.

3. Panjang bentangan pipa masih memenuhi (kurang dari) panjang bentangan

kritis pipa.

4. Laying analysis (pemodelan OFFPIPE) menunjukkan bahwa pada material

grade B dengan Ø 4.5” dan Ø 6.625” persen yield stress-nya melebihi
maximum yield stress yang diijinkan, sementara pada material grade pada X-
42, X-46, X-52, dan X-56 masih memenuhi.

5. Diameter pipa (Do) dan tebal pipa (t) yang optimum untuk dapat dioperasikan di
BK-BP 1 platform area Bekapai adalah Ø 8.625’’, dan tebal 0.125 in dengan
berat minimal pipa 36.029 lb/in dan material grade X-52.
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Piping System. Northwest Washington, DC. American.
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DNV OS-F101. 2010. Submarine Pipeline Systems. Det Norske Veritas, American.
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GS EP COR 220. 2011. Corrosion, Three Layer Polyethylene External Coating for Pipelines. TOTAL E&P
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Halliwell, R. (1986). An Introduction to Offshore Pipeline. University College, Cork.
Intranet TOTAL E&P Indonesie.
Mouselli, A. 1981. Offshore Pipeline Design, Analysis and Methods. PenWell Books, Oklahoma.
Rosyid, D.M. 2009. Optimasi, Teknik Pengambilan Keputusan secara Kuantitatif. ITS Press, Surabaya.
Tahrizi, A. 2010. Report of On the Job Training Bekapai Pipeline Analysis BKP-SNP 12” Pipeline
Depressurisation Study and BK-BP1 New Pipeline Design, Balikpapan.
Santosa, B. 2008. MATLAB untuk Statistika dan Teknik Optimasi. Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta.
The End OF PRESENTATION