SCIENCES (CHEMISTRY) FORM 4 (MYP 5)

UNIT 1: GAS STOICHIOMETRY

CONVERSION FACTORS & FORMULAE

CONVERSION FACTORS:
Volume (V):
1 𝑐𝑚3 = 1 𝑚𝐿 1 𝑑𝑚3 = 1 𝐿 1000 𝑚𝐿 = 1 𝐿
1 𝑚3 = 1000 𝑑𝑚3 = 1000 𝐿
Pressure (P):
1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 1000 𝑃𝑎
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 101.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 = 760 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Temperature (T):
𝐾 = 𝐶 + 273 𝐶 = 𝐾 − 273

STOICHIOMETRY:
Molar mass (M):
𝐴𝑎 𝐵𝑏 𝐶𝑐
𝑀 = 𝑎 × (𝐴𝑟 (𝐴)) + 𝑏 × (𝐴𝑟 (𝐵)) + 𝑐 × (𝐴𝑟 (𝐶))
where: 𝐴𝑟 = 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐼𝐵 𝑀𝑌𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒)
Moles (n):
𝑚
𝑛=
𝑀
𝑔
where: 𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 ; 𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑔); 𝑀 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑚𝑜𝑙)

Chemical reactions:
𝑎𝐴 + 𝑏𝐵 → 𝑐𝐶 + 𝑑𝐷
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴 𝑎
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐: =
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐷 𝑑
where: 𝑎 & 𝑑 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝐴 & 𝐷 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
GASES:
In all the formulae below:

𝑽 = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆; 𝑷 = 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆; 𝑻 = 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 (𝑖𝑛 𝐾 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠); 𝑹 = 𝒈𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕;

𝒏 = 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔; 𝒎 = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔; 𝑴 = 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔; 𝝆 = 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚

STP conditions & Gas Constant (R):

𝑃 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 &
𝑇 = 273 𝐾
𝐽
𝑅 = 8.31
𝑚𝑜𝑙 × 𝐾
Core Gas Laws:
𝑩𝒐𝒚𝒍𝒆′ 𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘: 𝑃1 × 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 × 𝑉2
𝑉1 𝑉2
𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒍𝒆𝒔′ 𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘: =
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑃1 𝑃2
𝑮𝒂𝒚 𝑳𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒄′ 𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘: =
𝑇1 𝑇2
Advanced Gas Laws:
𝑉1 𝑉2
𝑨𝒗𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒐′ 𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘: =
𝑛1 𝑛2
𝑰𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒈𝒂𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘: 𝑃×𝑉 =𝑛×𝑅×𝑇
where: 𝑃 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑃𝑎; 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝐿; 𝑇 𝑖𝑛 𝐾 𝑜𝑟 𝑃 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑎; 𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝑚3 ; 𝑇 𝑖𝑛 𝐾
𝑀×𝑃
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚: 𝜌=
𝑅×𝑇
𝑚×𝑅×𝑇
𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔: 𝑀=
𝑃×𝑉
𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 (𝑎𝑡 𝑺𝑻𝑷): 𝑉𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 = 22.7 𝐿
𝑫𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘 (𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠): 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 + ⋯ = 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝑖
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑋𝑖 × 𝑃𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑋𝑖 =
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒1 𝑀2
𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒎′ 𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒘: = √
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒2 𝑀1
where: 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 ≈ 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑