Física General II

INGENIERÍA Semestre 2022-I

Física General II
Formulario
• Mecánica de Fluidos: • Dilatación:
∆𝑃 = 𝜌 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ ℎ ∆𝐿 = 𝛼 ⋅ 𝐿0 ⋅ ∆𝑇
∆𝐴 = 𝛾 ⋅ 𝐴0 ⋅ ∆𝑇
• Hidrostática (compuertas):
∆𝑉 = 𝛽 ⋅ 𝑉0 ⋅ ∆𝑇
𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ ℎ 𝛾 = 2𝛼 𝛽 = 3𝛼
𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑔(𝑦 ∙ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃)
𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 • Fatiga mecánica:
𝑦𝑐𝑝 = 𝑦𝑐𝑔 +
𝑃
(𝑦𝑐𝑔 + 𝜌 ∙ 𝑔 ∙0𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃) ∙ 𝐴 𝐹
𝐹𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑎 = 𝜎 =
𝐴
𝐼𝑥𝑥 : 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ∆𝐿
𝐷𝑒𝑓. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎 = 𝜀 =
𝑦𝑐𝑝 : 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝐿0
𝜎
𝑀𝑜𝑑. 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 = Υ =
𝑦𝑐𝑔 : 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝜀
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 = A
𝑃0 : 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑓é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 ∆L
𝐹𝑅 = (𝜌 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ ℎ𝑐 + 𝑃0 ) ∙ 𝐴 = 𝛼 ⋅ ∆𝑇
𝐿0
∆𝐿
( ) + (𝛼 ⋅ ∆𝑇) = 0
• Hidrodinámica: 𝐿0
𝐹
𝐹. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 → 𝜌1 ∙ 𝐴1 ∙ 𝑣1 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 = −𝛶 ⋅ 𝛼 ⋅ ∆𝑇
𝐴
𝐹. 𝑁𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 → 𝐴1 ∙ 𝑣1 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 • Calor:
➢ Bernoulli:
1 𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 4184 𝐽 = 3,968 𝐵𝑇𝑈
1
𝑃0 + (𝜌 ∙ 𝑣 2 ) + 𝜌 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 Q = 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑚 ⋅ ∆𝑇 Q=𝑚⋅𝐿
2 Q = 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑛 ⋅ ∆𝑇 Q =𝑛⋅𝐿
𝑃 𝑣2
+𝑧+ = 𝑐𝑡𝑒
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 • Ley de Fourier:
𝜌 ∙ 𝑣0 2 𝐴0 2
∆𝑃 = ( 2 − 1)
2 𝐴𝑓 ➢ Conducción:
𝑧: 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∆𝑇
➢ Torricelli: 𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 [𝑊] = 𝑘 ⋅
∆𝑥
𝑘 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓. 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑣𝑠 = √2 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ ℎ
2𝜋 ⋅ 𝐿 ⋅ 𝑘(∆𝑇)
• Temperatura: 𝑄̇𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 = 𝑟
ln ( 2 )
9 𝑟1
𝑇𝐹 = 𝑇𝐶 + 32 𝑟1 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟
5
𝑇𝐾 = 𝑇𝐶 + 273.15 𝑟2 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟
𝑇𝑅 = 𝑇𝐹 + 459.67 𝐿 = 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜

Página 1 de 3 Formulario
Universidad de Piura Física General II
Física General II

4𝜋 ⋅ 𝑘 ⋅ 𝑟1 ⋅ 𝑟2 ⋅ (𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) • Termodinámica:
𝑄̇𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 =
𝑟2 − 𝑟1
𝑄 = ∆𝑢 + 𝑊
➢ Convección: ∆𝑢 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝐶𝑉 ⋅ ∆𝑇
𝐶𝑃
𝛾=
𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = ℎ ⋅ 𝐴𝑠 ⋅ (𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ ) 𝐶𝑉
ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓. 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑅𝑢 = 𝐶𝑃 − 𝐶𝑉
𝐴𝑠 = á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑜 = 𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 − 𝑄𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝑇𝑠 = 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 ✓ Isobárico:
𝑇∞ = 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑄 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝐶𝑃 ⋅ ∆𝑇
➢ Radiación: 𝑊 = 𝑃 ⋅ ∆𝑉
𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑄̇𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 𝐴 ⋅ 𝑒 ⋅ 𝜎 ⋅ |𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓. 4 − 𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏. 4 | 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑒 = 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 ✓ Isocórico / Isométrico:
𝑊
𝜎 = 5,67 ⋅ 10−8 [ 2 ] 𝑄 = ∆𝑢
𝑚 ⋅ 𝐾4
𝑊=0
𝑃1 𝑃2
• Gas Ideal: =
𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑃 ⋅ 𝑉 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑅𝑢 ⋅ 𝑇 ✓ Isotérmico:
𝑃 ⋅ 𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑝 = 𝑅 ⋅ 𝑇
2 𝑉2
𝑎⋅𝑛 𝑄 = 𝑊 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑅𝑢 ⋅ 𝑇 ⋅ 𝐿𝑛 ( )
(𝑃 + 2 ) ⋅ (𝑣 − 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑏) = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑅𝑢 ⋅ 𝑇 𝑉1
𝑣 𝑃1
𝑃 𝑇 𝑄 = 𝑊 = 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑅𝑢 ⋅ 𝑇 ⋅ 𝐿𝑛 ( )
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎 = ; 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎 = 𝑃2
𝑃𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑇𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 ∆𝑢 = 0
𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑉2
➢ Energía cinética de traslación total: ✓ Adiabático:
3
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑐𝑡 = ⋅ 𝑛 ⋅ 𝑅𝑢 ⋅ 𝑇 𝑄=0
2 𝑊 = −∆𝑢
𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑉1 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑉2
➢ Energía cinética promedio por =
𝑇1 𝑇2
molécula: 1−𝛾
𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑉21−𝛾
3 𝑅𝑢 3 𝑃1 ⋅ 𝑇1 = 𝑃2 ⋅ 𝑇2 𝛾
𝛾
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ =
𝐸𝑐𝑝𝑝𝑚 ⋅ ⋅𝑇 = ⋅𝑘⋅𝑇
2 𝑁𝐴 2
➢ Rapidez eficaz cuadrática media: • Mov. Armónico Simple (MAS):

𝑀: Peso Formula 1
𝑚 𝑓= 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑇
𝑚̂= ➢ Resorte horizontal:
𝑁𝐴 ⋅ 𝑛
3 ⋅ 𝑅𝑢 ⋅ 𝑇 3⋅𝑘⋅𝑇 𝐹𝑥 = −𝑘𝑥
𝛾𝑐𝑚 = √ =√ 𝜕 2 𝑥 −𝑘𝑥 𝐹𝑥
𝑀 𝑚
̂ 𝑎𝑥 = 2 = =
Tipo 𝐶𝑣 𝐶𝑝 𝛾 𝜕𝑡 𝑚 𝑚
➢ Mov. circular uniforme:
Mono 3 5 5
⋅𝑅 ⋅𝑅 = 1.67
2 𝑢 2 𝑢 3 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 ∙ cos(ωt)
Di 5 7 7 𝑣(𝑡) = −𝜔 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝜔𝑡)
⋅𝑅 ⋅𝑅 = 1.40
2 𝑢 2 𝑢 5 𝑎(𝑡) = −𝜔2 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ cos(𝜔𝑡)
Poli 7 9 9
⋅𝑅 ⋅𝑅 = 1.29
2 𝑢 2 𝑢 7

Página 2 de 3 Formulario
Universidad de Piura Física General II
Física General II

➢ Péndulos: ➢ Ondas Estacionarias:

𝑆: 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒; 𝐹: 𝑓í𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑜; 𝑇: 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑦 = 2𝐴𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑘𝑥) cos(𝜔𝑡)
Ecuación Solución (𝜃) 𝜔 𝜆
𝐿 = (𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑚ó𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 )
𝑑2 𝜃 𝑔 𝑔 2
S + 𝜃=0 𝜃𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃0 ) √
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐿 𝐿
𝑑2 𝜃 𝑚𝑔𝑑
• Efecto Doppler:
𝑚𝑔𝑑
F + 𝜃=0 𝜃𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃0 ) √
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐼 𝐼 𝑐 − 𝑉𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟
𝑓 = 𝑓0 ( )
2
𝑑 𝜃 𝑘 𝑘 𝑐 − 𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
T + 𝜃=0 𝜃𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃0 ) √
𝑑𝑡 2 𝐼 𝐼 • Momentos de Inercia:

𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠: 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝑐𝑚 + 𝑀𝑑2 𝑀𝐿2 𝑀𝐿2

𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎(𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜): (𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒):
➢ Energía: 12 3
𝑀(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑀𝑎2
𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑎(𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜): (𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒):
𝑚𝑣𝑥 2 𝑘𝑥 2 12 3
𝐸𝑀 = 𝐸𝑐 + 𝐸𝑝.𝑒. = + = 𝑐𝑡𝑒 2
𝑀(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 2 )
2 2
𝐶𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑜:
𝑘 2
𝑣𝑥 = ±√ ∙ √𝐴2 − 𝑥 2 𝑀𝑅 2
𝑚 𝐶𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜:
2
𝐶𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜 ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑜(𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜): 𝑀𝑅 2
𝑘
𝑣𝑚á𝑥 = √ ∙ 𝐴 = 𝜔 ∙ 𝐴 2𝑀𝑅 2 2𝑀𝑅 2
𝑚 𝐸𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎(𝑠ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎): (ℎ𝑢𝑒𝑐𝑎):
5 3
• Ondas:
2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑣 =𝑐 =𝜆∙𝑓 𝑘= [ ]
𝜆 𝑚
𝜆: 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔. 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑣: 𝑣𝑒𝑙. 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑘: 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 ∙ cos(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
𝜕𝑦
= −𝜔 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
𝜕𝑡
𝜕2𝑦
= −𝜔2 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
𝜕𝑡 2
𝜕𝑦
= −𝑘 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
𝜕𝑥
2
𝜕 𝑦
= −𝑘 2 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ cos(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕 2 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) 1 𝜕 2 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡)
= ( )( )
𝜕𝑥 2 𝑣2 𝜕𝑡 2
➢ Vel. de propagación:

𝐹𝑇 𝛶
𝐶𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎: √ 𝑆ó𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜: √
𝜇 𝜌

𝐵
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜: √ 𝑂𝑙𝑎: √𝑔ℎ
𝜌
➢ Energía en cuerda:
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐹𝑇 𝑘𝜔𝐴2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝜇𝑣𝜔2 𝐴2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 (𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
➢ Intensidad:
𝑃 𝐼1 𝑟2 2
𝐼= =
4𝜋𝑟1 2 𝐼2 𝑟1 2

Página 3 de 3 Formulario