Loading path for a structure

Code_Aster, Salome-Meca course material

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Problem to be solved

The chosen model is suited to loading path ?

What is the error in the integration of elastoplastic constitutive

law ?

How to avoid these errors?

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Problem to be solved

Know the limitations of theoretical models used

Traction loading + 90 ° phase shifted torsion

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A (very) simple problem

Material point subjected to a loading path


Elastoplasticity with linear isotropic hardening
y  ET
 Y
ET E = 195000 MPa
1 2
Y  = 0.3
E = 195000 MPa
= 0.3
Y = 181 MPa
1 mm E
EY T= 181
= 1930
MPa MPa
E 
3 4 x E T = 1930 MPa
1 mm


Loading
D D D
D A (MPa) (MPa)
d D A 151.2 93.1
D B
D D
B 257.2 33.1
0 
C C 259.3 0

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Time discretization error

3 methods of resolution
Analytical resolution -> reference values for  xy
Model A : coarse time discretization
Model B : fine time discretization
(between two time steps, the cumulated plastic strain is constrained not to increase no
more than 0.1 10-2)

Relative error of XY

A
Time step Model A Model B

1 s (point A) 0,003 % 0,003%

2 s (point B) 4,3% 1,1 % B C

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 Implicit discretization

Continuous Discrete

(t )  (t ) (ti )  i  (ti )  i

      i  
       
 i 
Constitutive law
 
   ( , ) Choice of the  i 1   ( i 1 ,  i 1 ,  i ,  i )
scheme

1)   A : (   ) p
R  R( p) 1)    A : (    p  ) R   R( p  )
3  ~  p 3    p 
Isotropic
2)   
p
p   2)  
hardening +
2  eq t 2 t  eq t t
implicit scheme
3) f  0   0 f 0 3)  f   0   0 f 0

Implicit order 1 scheme

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Error

1
t  dp 
p  t  dt   d   OK
dt

t  d t  d
p
2 
  p
t  dt  t  n( )dt   n( )d
dt dt

 
    

n( )  n' ( ).(   ) d  n( )  n' ( ).
2
2
 

Error!

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Error

3 : if   0 f  0 from t - to t+ : OK, except if : load + undload in 1

single time step.

Loading path calculated


Actual loading path

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Error

 2
Main source of error :  n' ( ).
2

Exact integration
Permanent load during the loading step
The normal to the criterion is not reversing ("radial" load )

Refine the time step outside these two cases!

But how to detect?

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Evaluation of the error

Relative error on integration :

2 
 p n ' ( ) n ' ( )
  2  2
 p n( )  1

n  1
  n( )
 2 2

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An indicator of loss of "radiality"

1  sin q The error is measured

  n  sin 
2 2 2 by  and q
One define DERA_ELGA(CALC_CHAMP)
2 
RADI_T = sin
2
~
n RADI_V = 1 cosq 
 
Equals 0 when the loading is radial
q
 n
~

1
(  ) eq ( ) eq


One define RESI_RADI_RELA

(COMP_INCR)
RADI_T
VMIS_xx
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Sufficient conditions of radiality

"Radiality" = when the threshold normal is not reversing

 ( x, t )   (t )  0 ( x)
Radiality conditions
External loads are proportional
Initial state undeformed and not hardened
Von Mises plasticity with isotropic hardening R( p)  Cp
n

Advantages
Exact local integration
Easy global convergence

In the other cases, refine the time step !

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practical example : TP1

Indicator of radiality : DERA_ELGA in CALC_CHAMP

Component(s): RADI_T or RADI_V

D
A (t=1)

B (t=2)

0 D
C (t=3)

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Example taken from literature

Perfect Von-Mises elasto-plasticity

 n   ex  :  n   ex 
ERR   100%
 ex :  ex

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 End of presentation

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