 spaces or commas are used to separate elements in a row.

 semicolon or enter is used to separate rows.

= [ 1 2 3; 4 5 6]
f=

1 2 3

4 5 6

 ‘residue’ finds the partial fraction expansion of the ratio of two polynomials
 (lab1 )r is a column vector of residues, p is a column vector of pole locations, and k is a
row vector of direct terms
 Functions, which can accept input arguments and return output arguments.
 The switch statement executes groups of statements based on the value of a variable or
expression
 (Simulink ) Config paramtr ( fixed parameter ,,, ode8) step size .0001
 Integrators are in the Continuous library. o
 Constants, common input functions, and clock can all be found in the Sources library.
 o Scope, To Workspace blocks can be found in the Sinks library
 Ctrl n A to open new model simulnk
 The transient response of the system changes for different values of damping ratio, ζ.
 Rise Time ‘Tr’: measures the time from 10% to 90% of the response to the step input.
 ❑ Peak Time ‘Tp’: The time for a system to respond to a step input and rise to peak
response.
 Overshoot The amount by which the system output response proceeds beyond the desired
response.
 Delay Time ‘Td’: It is the time required for the response to reach 50% of the final value
the very first tim
 lsim simulates the (time) response of continuous or discrete linear systems to
arbitrary inputs.\
 ramp k lie step se sdivide???
 Pzmap poles = zeros map
 Kp, Ki and Kd contributes to obtain o Fast rise time o Minimum overshoot o No
steady-state error
 Kp improves both steady s transient s
 Kp +kd improves ts
 Ki +kp improves steadys
 Step input to 1\s =ramp
 Stp input to 1\s*2 = parabolic
 Integratr (1\s) wd feedbk or pole (1\ s+1)wdout fb both gvs same outpt