ETHICS IN

RESEARCH IN
REFERENCE TO
SUBJECTS
ETHICS IN RESEARCH

Research on humans to a large extent depends on

volunteer subjects. Often the products of research
results in benefits to society. These benefits come
in the form of new methods of learning, treatments
for disease, and ways of conducting our affairs.
There are four areas of concern where the rights
and dignity of the subject must be preserved.

1. CONSENT
2. HARM
3. PRIVACY
4. DECEPTION
 CONSENT

This is the procedure by which research subjects choose

whether or not they wish to participate in a research study.

Capacity is defined as the ability to acquire or

retain knowledge, and the authority, or legal qualification,
to perform an act.
Information consists of insuring the subjects are
told, and they understand, the purpose of the study
and their roles as subjects.
Voluntariness means that the subject chooses to
be in the study of his/her own free will and is free to
withdraw from the study at any time.

Special attention must be paid to obtaining the consent of children,

psychiatric patients, and mentally retarded persons. These groups,
usually require that a parent or guardian give consent.
 HARM

One of the most important issues in all of

research ethics is that subjects not be
harmed by your study. To avoid physical
harm is obvious, but other areas need to
be avoided also. These areas are:
psychological stress, personal
embarrassment, and humiliation. The
dignity of the subject (be it human or
animal) needs to always be a concern of
the researcher.
 PRIVACY

Every subject has the right to keep private the

fact that he/she participated in your study, and
the right that information given to you not be
shared to others. Research often is based on
information obtained from the subjects. The
information will be used in the study, and
perhaps published, but it must be done in a way
that insures the individual's anonymity. Violation
of the promise of privacy can result in harm to
the subject.
 DECEPTION

Deception in research involves the

misrepresentation of facts related to the
purpose, nature, or consequences of a
research study. The omission of facts is the
same as misrepresentation. Subjects need to
be fully informed in order to give consent. If
any part of the study is misrepresented then
the subjects have not fully consented to the
study and the researcher is morally in the
wrong. He can be successfully sued if harm
comes to the subjects or if their privacy is
violated.
 Humble request to all of
you kindly avoid these
during you research work.
When you follow Ethics
then it is possible to make
patent. This is the rule of
patenting.

Thankyou