Design of RC Pier

Problem Statement

Design RC Pier for two spans T-Beam Bridge to meet the following requirements.
 Type of Bridge –Two spans T-Beam Bridge
 Effective span of T Beam on each side of pier – 12 m
 Depth of T –Beam - 1 m
 Carriage way – Single lane without footpath
 Height of Pier – 8 m
 Allowable bearing capacity of bearing strata – 300 KN/m2
 Velocity of water current – 3 m/sec
 HFL is 1.5m below the bearing level
 Bearing size – 250 mm × 400 mm × 64 mm

Design
In the example, RC Pier has been designed in the following steps.
I. Planning and Preliminary Design
Design of pier is started with the planning of shape, sizes and selection materials of pier.
In this step, type of pier, grade of concrete, grade of steel bar, approximate sizes of pier
stem and pier cap have been found.

II. Analysis and Design of Pier Cap

In this step, loads on pier cap are assessed for different combinations of loads and cap
of pier are designed and detailed for maximum responses.
(Refer IRC 6, IRC 21, IRC 78 and IRC 112, IS456, SP16 and SP34 for RC design and detailing)

III. Analysis and Design of Pier Stem

In this step, loads on pier stem are assessed for different combinations of loads,
maximum responses to loads at critical sections are found and critical sections of pier
are designed and detailed for maximum responses.
(Refer IRC 6, IRC 21, IRC 78 and IRC 112, IS456, SP16 and SP34 for RC design and detailing)

Design Example of RC Pier Page 1

Prepared by NC Sharma
I. Planning and Preliminary Design

A. Selection of Type of Pier

Pier may be of masonry or reinforced cement concrete type. Masonry type is
technically / economically feasible up to 5m height. In the particular case, pier is 8 m
tall. So, reinforced concrete hammer head type pier has been selected.

B. Material Selection

Take
 M20 grade of concrete for pier stem
 M25 grade of concrete for pier cap
 Fe 415 HYSD bars for all RC work

C. Geometry of Pier

 Size of Pier cap = 4400 mm × 1300 mm × 750 mm

Length of Cap (L)
1 0.4
L = C/c distance of main girder + 2 × × bearing width + 2 × 0.5 = 3 + 2 × + 2 × 0.5 = 4.4 m
2 2

Width of Cap (B)

B = 2 × project. beyond pier + 2 × 2 × 150 + 2 × bear. width = 2 × 50 + 2 × 2 × 150 + 2 × 250 = 1200 mm

Adopt B = Dia. Pier + 2 × 50 = 1300 mm

Thickness of Cap (T)

T = 0.75 m at face of pier and 0.5 m at tip of pier cap

Check the thickness of cap for punching Shear

𝜏𝑢𝑣 ≤ 𝑘𝑠 𝜏𝑢𝑐
𝑉𝑢 459.06 × 1.5 × 1000 2
Where, 𝜏𝑢𝑣 =𝑏 =2× = 0.35 N/mm
0 ×𝑑 250 + 400+560 + 560 × 560

𝑉𝑢 = Maximum Vertical load from bearings × 1.5 [Refer bearing design]

d = 610 – 40 – 20/2 = 560 mm, effective depth of cap below bearing

𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.25 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 × 25 = 1.25 N/mm2

𝑘𝑠 = 1
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝜏𝑢𝑣 ≤ 𝑘𝑠 𝜏𝑢𝑐 𝑡𝑕𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑕𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑕𝑒𝑎𝑟

Design Example of RC Pier Page 2

Prepared by NC Sharma
  Diameter of Stem (D) = 1200 mm
Approximate Axial Load = DL from super structure + LL from super structure + self-weight of pier
753.31 𝜋×12
= × 2 + 114 × (1 + 0.9) + 68 × (0.542 + 0.292 + 0.042) + × 8 × 25 + 5 × 1 × 0.4 × 25
2 4

= 1237 KN [Refer bearing design] Design Axial load (Pu) = 1.5 × 1237 = 1855.5 KN
𝑝 𝐴𝑔 𝑝 𝐴𝑔
Pu= 0.4fck ( Ag − ) + 0.67 × fy Take p = 0.8 % [Minimum longitudinal reinforcement]
100 100
2
Ag ≈ 182621 mm Diameter of stem = 483 mm > Dmin = 1000 mm

Adopt D = 1200 mm to consider debris impact, horizontal load, eccentricity of vertical load and biaxial
moments

0.7 m 3m 0.7 m 0.55 m

0.4 m 0.4 m 0. 5 m 0.25 m 0.25 m 0. 5 m

0. 75 m 0. 75 m
1.3 m

8m
1.2 m 1.2 m

Longitudinal Section of Pier Cross Section of Pier

0.7 m 3m 0.7 m

0.55 m 1.2 m 1.3 m

Plan at Top of Pier

Design Example of RC Pier Page 3

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Load Calculation

1. DL from superstructure (without WC)

= 669.16 KN from a span (Refer abutment design)
𝟔𝟔𝟗.𝟏𝟔
Dead Load on a pier from both span (DLss) = × 2 = 669.16 KN
𝟐

2. Weight of Wearing Coat

= 84.15 KN from a span (Refer abutment design)

𝟖𝟒.𝟏𝟓
Weight of WC on a pier from both span (DLwc) = × 𝟐 = 84.15 KN
𝟐

3. Live load from superstructure (LL)

Case: Class A Loading

i. When loaded on only one span

114 × 1.25 KN 68 × 1.25 KN 68 × 1.25 KN 68 × 1.25 KN

114 × 1.25 KN

1 0.9 0.54 0.292 0.042

1.2 m 4.3 m 2 3m 3m
12 m

ILD of reaction at support

𝐿𝐿𝐼 = 114 × 1.25 × (1+ 0.9) + 68 × 1.25 × (0.542 + 0.292 + 0.042) = 345.21 KN

ii. When loaded on two spans

1.1 m 3.2 m 1.2 m 4.3 m 3m 3m
114 × 1.25 KN
27 × 1.25 KN 114 × 1.25 KN 68 × 1.25 KN 68 × 1.25 KN 68 × 1.25 KN
27 × 1.25 KN

0.542 0.633 0.9 1 1 0.69 0.44 0.19

12 m 12 m

ILD of reaction at support

𝐿𝐿𝐼𝐼 = 27 × 1.25 × (0.542 + 0.633) + 114 × 1.25 × (0.9 + 1) + 68 × 1.25 × (0.69 + 0.44 + 0.19)
= 422.61 KN

Design Example of RC Pier Page 4

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Case: 5 KN/m2 Load
i. When loaded on only one span

𝐿𝐿𝐼 = 1.95 × 5 × ½ × 1 × 12.55 × 0.5 = 30.59 KN

ii. When loaded on two spans

𝐿𝐿𝐼𝐼 = 1.95 × 5 × ½ × 1 × 12.55 × 0.5 × 2 = 61.18 KN

Total Live Load when loaded on one span 𝑳𝑳𝑰 = 345.21 + 30.59 = 375.8 KN
Total Live Load when loaded on both span 𝑳𝑳𝑰𝑰= 422.61 + 61.18 = 483.8 KN

4. Load from braking effort

Braking load = 0.2 × (2 × 114 + 4 × 68 + 2 × 27) = 110.8 KN
Let braking load is shared by two supports
Horizontal braking load ( FbrH) = 110.8/2 = 55.4 KN
𝟓𝟓.𝟒 × 𝟐.𝟐𝟕𝟐
Vertical reaction due to braking load (FbrV) = = 10.5 KN
𝟏𝟐

5. Wind load (Superstructure) [Refer Bearing Design]

Wind load in transverse direction of bridge (FwT) = 30.1 KN

Wind load in longitudinal direction (FWL) = 7.53KN
Wind load in vertical direction (FWV) = 38.04 KN

6. Wind load (Sub Structure - dry season)

Wind load in transverse direction of bridge FWT (sub) = Pd × A × G × CD
= 386.43 × 10-3 × (1.2 × 8) × 2 × 0.6 = 4.45 KN
Wind load in longitudinal direction FWL(sub)= 0.25 × FWT (sub) = 1.12 KN

7. Seismic load (Super Structure)

𝑍 𝐼 𝑆𝑎
Seismic load = × × ×W
2 𝑅 𝑔
Where,
𝑆𝑎
Z = 0.36, I = 1, R = 4, = 2.5
𝑔
W = 753.31 KN in longitudinal direction
W = 753.31 + 0.2 × 483.8 = 850.1 KN in transverse direction

Design Example of RC Pier Page 5

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Seismic load in longitudinal direction of bridge (FSL) = 84.75 KN
Seismic load in transverse direction of bridge (FST) = 95.64 KN
𝟖𝟒.𝟕𝟒 × 𝟎.𝟗
V.Reaction due to seismic load in longitudinal direction (FSvL) = = 6.36 KN
𝟏𝟐
𝟗𝟓.𝟔𝟒 × 𝟎.𝟗
V.Reaction due to seismic load in transverse direction FSvT = = 28.7 KN
𝟑

8. Seismic load (Sub Structure)

Seismic loads due to self weight of pier in longitudinal and transverse direction of bridge
are equal
𝒁 𝑰 𝑺𝒂
FST(Sub) = FSL(Sub) = 𝟐 × 𝑹 × × Wpier = 33.66 KN
𝒈
Where,
𝑆𝑎
Z = 0.36, I = 1, R = 4, 𝑔
= 2.5
0.5 + 0.75
Wpier = 𝜋 × 0.62 × 8 − 0.75 × 25 + (1.3 × 2
× 1.6 × 2 + 0.75 × 1.2 × 1.3) × 25
= 299.24 KN

9. Load due to temperature variation, creep and shrinkage effect

The load due to temperature variation, creep and shrinkage effect from two spans acts in
opposite direction. So it is not considered in design.

10. Self-Weight of Pier

𝟎.𝟓+𝟎.𝟕𝟓
Wpier = 𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟐𝟓 + (𝟏. 𝟑 × 𝟐
× 1.6 × 2 + 1.3 × 0.75 × 1.2) × 𝟐𝟓
= 299.24 KN

11. Load due to Water Current

𝑭𝑾𝑪 𝑻 = 52 × K × (V × cos200)2 × A HFL

0 2
= 52 × 0.66 × (3 × cos20 ) × 6.5 ×1.2 × 10 -2 1.5
m
= 21.27 KN T FWC
F WC

1.2 m 200
𝑳 0 2
𝑭𝑾𝑪 = 52 × K × (V × sin20 ) × A 6.5 m
= 52 × 0.66 × (3 × sin200)2 × 6.5 × 1.2 × 10-2 L
F WC
1.2 m
= 2.82 KN

Design Example of RC Pier Page 6

Prepared by NC Sharma
 12. Load due to hydrodynamic pressure

𝑭𝒉𝒚𝒅 𝑻 = 𝑭𝒉𝒚𝒅 𝑳 = C × 𝜶𝒉 × W = 6.20 KN

𝑍 𝐼 𝑆𝑎
Where, 𝛼𝑕 = × × = 0.1125
2 𝑅 𝑔
𝐻 6.5
C = 0.75 for 𝑅
= 0.6 = 10.83, [Refer Table 9.10, Swami Saran, Design of Sub Structure]
2
W = 𝜋 × 0.6 × 6.5 × 10 = 73.51 KN

13. Load due to buoyancy

𝑭𝒃𝒖𝒐𝒚 = Submerged vol. of pier × 𝜸𝒘 = 𝝅 × 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟔. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 = 73.51 KN

II. Analysis and Design of Pier Cap

Response Calculation

0.7 m 3m 0.7 m

0.4 m 0.4 m 0. 5 m
0. 75 m
Face of pier stem
(Critical section of cap for BM and SF)

Maximum Shear Force (S.F) at face of pier stem (Basic combination)

SF at face due to DL from superstructure, LL from superstructure, VL and Self wt. of Cap

(669.16 × 1.35 + 84.15 × 1.75) + 483.8 × 1.5 + (10.5 × 1.15 + 30.8 × 1.5) + (0.5 × 1.6 × 1.3 ×
0.25
25 × 1.35 + × 1.6 × 1.3 × 25 × 1.35) = 1878.48 KN
2

Maximum Bending Moment (B.M) at face of pier stem (Basic combination)

BM at face due to DL from superstructure, LL from superstructure, VL and Self wt. of Cap

= [(669.16 × 1.35 + 84.15 × 1.75) + 483.8 × 1.5 + (10.5 × 1.15 + 30.8 × 1.5)] × 0.9 + 0.5 × 1.6
1.6 0.25 1.6
× 1.3 × 25 × × 1.35 + × 1.6 × 1.3 × 25 × × 1.35 = 1834.6 + 32.71 = 1867.32 KN-m
2 2 3

Design Example of RC Pier Page 7

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Design

Check depth of Cap

d = 750 – 40 - 28/2 = 696 mm
𝑀𝑢 1867.32 × 10 6
𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 = = = 644.6 mm
𝑄×𝑏 3.457×1300
Where, Q = 0.36 fck × 0.48 × (1 - 0.416 × 0.48) = 3.457

𝑑 > 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙

Find Area of Steel

Since, 𝑑 > 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙 , section of pier cap is designed as SRUR section.

a. Primary Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢 1867 .32 × 10 6
Find = = 2.965
𝑏×𝑑 2 1300 ×696 2
𝑀𝑢 0.98
For = 2.965, pt= 0.98 % 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 1300 × 696 = 8867.04 mm
2
𝑏×𝑑 2

Adopt 15 - 28 mm ∅ bar 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣

𝑠𝑡 = 9236.28 mm2, pt = 1.02%

b. Distribution Reinforcement
16 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = 0.25 × 𝜋 × × 15 = 2309.1 mm2
4

Adopt 16 mm ∅ @ 140 mm c/c

c. Temperature Reinforcement
Provide 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑡 per m width steel bars as temperature reinforcements in both
direction of slab at bottom. Adopt 10 mm ∅ bar @ 150 mm c/c.

Find Shear Reinforcement

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜏𝑢𝑣 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝜏𝑢𝑐

𝑉𝑢 1878.48 × 1000
𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 2.08 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 1300 × 696
𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.64 N/mm2 for M25 and pt = 1.02%
𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 N/mm2
𝜏𝑢𝑣 > 𝜏𝑢𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 < 𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 . Hence, shear reinforcement requires.

Design Example of RC Pier Page 8

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Take 12mm ∅ 4 - legged vertical stirrups as shear reinforcement.
0.87 𝑓𝑦 ×𝐴𝑠𝑣 ×𝑑 0.87×415×4×𝜋×62 ×696
Sv = = = 87.25 mm
𝑉𝑢 𝑛𝑒𝑡 2.08−0.64 ×1300 ×696
Sv ≤ 0.75d = 523.1 mm and ≤ 300 mm Adopt Sv = 85 mm

Provide 12 mm ∅ 4-legged vertical stirrups @ 85 mm c/c.

III. Analysis and Design of Pier Stem

In the example, responses of pier at bottom for basic combination and seismic combination of
loads have been calculated. Loads taken are vertical and longitudinal loads in first case and
vertical and transverse loads in second case. [Refer annex B, Table 3.2, IRC 6-2010]

Case I
Basic combination of loads

Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1.35 903.37 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1.75 147.27 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 1.15 8 0 509.68 63.71
V
Fbr 10.50 1.15 12.08 0 0
L
FW 7.53 1.5 8 0 90.36 11.30
Wpier 299.24 1.35 403.98 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1455.67 692.14 12.21 2.82 96.28
0.27
LLI 374.50 1.5 561.75 154.48 0
5
Total (with LLI) 2017.42 846.62 12.21 2.82 96.28
LLII 483.80 1.5 0 725.70 0 0
Total (with LLII) 2181.37 692.14 12.21 2.82 96.28
Y
0.7 m 3m 0.7 m

X 0.55 m 1.3 m
X

0.275 m
1.5 m

Design Example of RC Pier Page 9

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Case I
Basic combination of loads
i. When loaded on only one span ii. When loaded on both span
Total Axial Load (Pu) = 2017.42 KN Total Axial Load (Pu) = 2181.37 KN
Total Mux = 846.62 KN-m Total Mux = 692.14 KN-m
Total Muy = 12.21 KN-m Total Muy = 12.21 KN-m
Total Hx = 2.82 KN Total Hx = 2.82 KN
Total Hy = 96.28 KN Total Hy = 96.28 KN

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 846.71 𝐾𝑁 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 692.25 𝐾𝑁𝑚

Note: When Column Section is axisymmetric as in circular column, the resultant axis of bending is also a
principal axis. In such a situation, the case of biaxial bending simplifies into uniaxial bending with

net bending 𝑀𝑢 = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2

[Refer Cl. 13.6.1(Biaxial eccentricities) of Pillai and Menon]

Case I
Seismic combination of loads Y
Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1 669.16 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1 84.15 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 0.2 8 0 88.64 11.08
V
Fbr 10.50 0.2 2.1 0 0
L
Fs 84.75 1 8 0 678 84.75
VL
Fs 6.36 1 6.36 0 0
L
Fs (sub) 33.66 1 4 0 134.64 33.66
L
Fhyd 6.20 1 3.25 0 20.15 6.20
Wpier 299.24 1 299.24 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1049.98 1013.53 12.21 2.82 156.96
LLI 374.50 0.2 0.275 74.90 20.6 0
Total (with LLI) 1124.88 1034.13 12.21 2.82 156.96
LL 483.80 0.2 0 96.76 0 0
Total (with LLII) 1146.74 1013.53 12.21 2.82 156.96

Design Example of RC Pier Page 10

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Seismic combination of loads

i. When loaded on only one span ii. When loaded on both span
Total Axial Load (Pu) = 1124.88 KN Total Axial Load (Pu) = 1146.74 KN
Total Mux = 1034.13 KN-m Total Mux = 1013.53KN-m
Total Muy = 12.21 KN-m Total Muy = 12.21 KN-m
Total Hx = 2.82 KN Total Hx = 2.82 KN
Total Hy = 156.96 KN Total Hy = 156.96 KN

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 1034.2 𝐾𝑁m 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 1013.6 𝐾𝑁𝑚

Case II
Basic combination of loads

Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1.35 903.37 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1.75 147.27 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 1.15 8 0 509.68 63.71
V
Fbr 10.50 1.15 12.08 0 0
T
FW 30.10 1.5 8 0 0 361.2 45.15 0
Wpier 299.24 1.35 403.98 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1455.67 601.78 373.41 47.97 84.98
LLI 374.50 1.5 0.275 561.75 154.48 0
I
Total (with LL ) 2017.42 756.26 373.41 47.97 84.98
LLII 483.80 1.5 0 725.70 0 0
Total (with LLII) 2181.37 601.78 373.41 47.97 84.98

Design Example of RC Pier Page 11

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Case II
Basic combination of loads
i When loaded on only one span ii. When loaded on both span
Total Axial Load (Pu) = 2017.42 KN Total Axial Load (Pu) = 2181.37 KN
Total Mux = 756.25 KN-m Total Mux = 601.78 KN-m
Total Muy = 373.41 KN-m Total Muy = 373.41 KN-m
Total Hx = 47.97 KN Total Hx = 47.97 KN
Total Hy = 84.98 KN Total Hy = 84.98 KN

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 843.42 𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 708.22 𝐾𝑁𝑚

Case II
Seismic combination of loads

Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1 669.16 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1 84.15 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 0.2 8 0 88.64 11.08
V
Fbr 10.50 0.2 2.1 0 0
T
Fs 95.64 1 8 0 0 765.12 95.64 0
VT
Fs 28.7 1 28.7 0 0
Fs
T 33.66 1 4 0 134.64 33.66
(sub)
T
Fhyd 6.20 1 3.25 0 20.15 6.20
Wpier 299.24 1 299.24 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1072.32 335.53 777.33 98.46 72.64
LLI 374.50 0.2 0.275 74.90 20.6 0
Total (with LLI) 1147.22 356.13 777.33 98.46 72.64
LLII 483.80 0.2 0 96.76 0 0
Total (with LLII) 1169.08 335.53 777.33 98.46 72.64

Design Example of RC Pier Page 12

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Case II
Seismic combination of loads
i. When loaded on only one span ii. When loaded on both span
Total Axial Load (Pu) = 1147.22 KN Total Axial Load (Pu) = 1169.08 KN
Total Mux = 356.13 KN-m Total Mux = 335.53KN-m
Total Muy = 777.33 KN-m Total Muy = 777.33 KN-m
Total Hx = 98.46 KN Total Hx = 98.46 KN
Total Hy = 72.64 KN Total Hy = 72.64 KN

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 855.03 𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 846.65 𝐾𝑁𝑚

Design and Detailing of Pier Stem at bottom

Check slenderness ratio of column [Refer Cl. 306, IRC 21]

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡 𝑕 1.2×8×1000

Slenderness Ratio of Column = = =
𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐷𝑒 /4
1.2×8×1000
= = 35.72 > 12 and < 50. Hence, Column is short.
1200 −2× 50+ 25 2
4

Design Pier stem

Design pier stem as a uniaxially loaded short column. Use SP16 to design column

a. Longitudinal Reinforcement
Consider25 mm dia. bars with 50 mm cover.
25
𝑑ʹ 50+ 𝑑ʹ
2
= = 0.052. Use interaction diagram for = 0.05
𝐷 1200 𝐷
Design column for critical cases 1(i) and 2 (ii)
Case 1 (i)
𝑀𝑢 846.62 × 10 6
3
= = 0.025
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝐷 20×1200 3
𝑃𝑢 2017 .42 × 10 3
= =0.070
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝐷 2 20×1200 2

𝑝
= 0.013 [From chart 55, SP 16]
𝑓 𝑐𝑘

Design Example of RC Pier Page 13

Prepared by NC Sharma
 p = 20 × 0.013= 0.26 % < pmin Provide pmin = 0.8 %

Case 2 (ii)
𝑀𝑢 846.65 × 10 6
3
= = 0.0245
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝐷 20×1200 3
𝑃𝑢 1169.08 × 10 3
= = 0.041
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝑑 2 20×1200 2

𝑝
= 0.015 [From chart 55, SP 16]
𝑓 𝑐𝑘

p = 20 × 0.015 = 0.30 % < pmin Provide pmin = 0.8 %

0.80
Hence, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 𝜋 × 6002 = 9047.8 mm2
9047.8 × 4
𝑛= = 18.43
𝜋×25 2
For making axisymmetric in reinforcement, adopt 20 - 25 mm ∅ bar
𝜋 × (1200 − 62.5 × 2)
Spacing of bar = = 177.75 mm < 200 mm
20−1

b. Transverse Reinforcement
In the example, transverse reinforcement of pier stem has not been governed by shear
force. So, transverse reinforcement is provided by detailing rules. [Refer IRC 112, Cl. 16.2]
∅
Take circular lateral tie of ∅ = 10 mm ∅ ≥ 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 4

Spacing of tie (Sv) ≤ Diameter of pier = 1200 mm

≤ 12 × 25 = 300 mm
≤ 200 mm
Provide spacing of tie (Sv) = 200 mm.

For potential plastic hinge region i.e. 1200 mm from the bottom of pier,
Spacing of tie (Sv) ≤ 5 × 25 = 125 mm

1200 – 2 × 62.5
≤ = 215 mm
5
Adopt spacing of tie (Sv) = 125 mm for potential plastic hinge region.

Design Example of RC Pier Page 14

Prepared by NC Sharma
 Reinforcement of Pier
16 mm dia. @ 140 mm c/c 15 – 28 mm dia.

10 mm dia. @ 150 mm c/c

12 mm dia. 4 – legged vertical
stirrups @ 85 mm c/c In both direction

20 – 25 mm di
A
a.
A A

10 mm @ 200 mm c/c

10 mm @ 125 mm c/c
Up to 1.2 m height

Cross section at AA 20 – 25 mm dia.

10 mm @ 200 mm c/c

Design Example of RC Pier Page 15

Prepared by NC Sharma