Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.

-101904188 Section-2ELE2

EXPERIMENT NO: 4

AIM: To study the applications of IC 741 as Comparator.

APPARATUS: IC uA741, Resistors 1KΩ (2), Resistors 10KΩ (1), Function Generator, D.C
Regulated Power Supply, Breadboard, CRO, Connecting Wires and CRO Probes.

THEORY:
COMPARATOR:
A comparator is a circuit which compares two input voltages. One voltage is called the
reference voltage (Vref) and the other is called the input voltage (Vin). When Vin rises above
or falls below Vref, the output changes polarity (+ becomes -). A comparator finds its
importance in circuits where two voltage signals are to be compared and to be distinguished on
which is stronger. The applications of comparator are zero crossing detectors, window detector
and time marker generator and phase meter.
There are basically 2 types of comparators.
1. Inverting Comparator
2. Non-inverting Comparator.
Mainly our output signal changes when we apply our input voltage to inverting terminal i.e.
(negative terminal of operational amplifier) and Vref to positive terminal of Op Amp. In this
we have cases
A non-inverting comparator circuit using Op Amp IC uA741 is shown in the figure below. It
is called a non-inverting comparator circuit as sinusoidal input signal Vin is applied to the non-
inverting terminal +). The fixed reference voltage Vref is applied to the inverting terminal (-)
of the Op Amp. If we operate high gain operational amplifiers in open loop configuration or
positive feedback then, op amp will operate in saturation mode. This is called a bistable
behavior of Op-Amp and it is highly non linear. So non linear operation can be achieved by
non linear devices such as diodes etc.The comparator Slew rate should be high.
Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2
 Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2

• When the value of the input voltage Vin is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the
output voltage Vo goes to positive saturation. This is because the voltage at the non-
inverting input is greater than the voltage at the inverting input.
• When the value of the input voltage Vin is lesser than the reference voltage Vref, the
output voltage Vo goes to negative saturation. This is because the voltage at the non-
inverting input is smaller than the voltage at the inverting input.
Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2
 Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig. Non-Inverting Comparator

Characteristics-
Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2
Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2
 Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2

PROCEDURE:
1. Refer the Pin Diagram of Op Amp IC741 & assemble the basic comparator in non-
inverting configuration circuit as per the circuit diagram on the breadboard.
2. Set the DC power supply to provide +Vcc & -VEE by making necessary adjustment
& apply Vcc & VEE= +12V at the respective pins of the Op Amp IC.
3. Set the function generator to provide 16Vp-p sine wave at 1KHz freq. & apply this
AC input at pin no 2 (Inv) of the Op-Amp IC741.
4. Set the DC power supply to provide the 2V reference voltage by making necessary
adjustment & apply this reference voltage signal at pin no 3 of the Op Amp IC741.
5. Observe the input sinusoidal at channel 1 & the corresponding output square wave
at channel 2 of CRO & note down the amplitude.
6. Overlap the input & output waves and note down the voltage position on sine wave,
where the output changes its state this voltage denotes the reference voltage.

OBSERVATIONS:
Input Voltage Input Voltage Output Voltage
Sr. Reference Voltage
Amplitude Frequency Amplitude
No. (Vref)
(Vp-p) (Hz/KHz) (Vp-p)
1. 16 Vp-p 1KHZ 2Vdc 16 Vp-p

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS: (INPUT & OUTPUT)

RESULTS:
1. Circuit of basic comparator using Op Amp IC741 has been assembled in ___
 Name - Gursimran Singh Roll no.-101904188 Section-2ELE2

Non-Inverting configuration of Op Amp with Input _Sine wave signal set at

___16Vp-p____ amplitude & __1KHZ____ frequency.
2. It has been observed from the output waveform that output is __Square
Wave________ for ___Sine______ input.
3. Output of this Circuit is +Vsat when _Vin>Vref________ and -Vsat when
_Vin<Vref_________.