EXPERIMENT NO: 4

AIM: To study the applications of IC 741 as Comparator.

APPARATUS: IC uA741, Resistors 1KΩ (2), Resistors 10KΩ (1), Function Generator, D.C
Regulated Power Supply, Bread Board, CRO, Connecting Wires and CRO Probes.

THEORY: COMPARATOR:
A comparator is a circuit which compares two input voltages. One voltage is called the
reference voltage (Vref) and the other is called the input (Vin). When Vin rises above or falls
below Vref, the output changes polarity (+ becomes -). A comparator finds its importance in
circuits where two voltage signals are to be compared and to be distinguished on which is
stronger. The applications of comparator are zero crossing detectors, window detector and
time marker generator and phase meter.
There are basically 2 types of comparators.
1. Non-inverting Comparator.
2. Inverting Comparator.
A non-inverting comparator circuit using Op Amp IC uA741 is shown in the figure below. It
is called a non-inverting comparator circuit as sinusoidal input signal Vin is applied to the
non-inverting terminal +). The fixed reference voltage Vref is applied to the inverting
terminal (-) of the Op Amp.
 When the value of the input voltage Vin is greater than the reference voltage Vref, the
output voltage Vo goes to positive saturation. This is because the voltage at the non-
inverting input is greater than the voltage at the inverting input.
 When the value of the input voltage Vin is lesser than the reference voltage Vref, the
output voltage Vo goes to negative saturation. This is because the voltage at the non-
inverting input is smaller than the voltage at the inverting input.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig. Non-Inverting Comparator

PROCEDURE:
1. Refer the Pin Diagram of Op Amp IC741 & assemble the basic comparator in
non-inverting configuration circuit as per the circuit diagram on the breadboard.
2. Set the DC power supply to provide +Vcc & -VEE by making necessary
adjustment & apply Vcc & VEE= +12V at the respective pins of the Op Amp IC.
3. Set the function generator to provide 16Vp-p sine wave at 1KHz freq. & apply
this AC input at pin no 2 (Inv) of the Op-Amp IC741.
4. Set the DC power supply to provide the 2V reference voltage by making
necessary adjustment & apply this reference voltage signal at pin no 3 of the Op
Amp IC741.
5. Observe the input sinusoidal at channel 1 & the corresponding output square wave
at channel 2 of CRO & note down the amplitude.
6. Overlap the input & output waves and note down the voltage position on sine
wave, where the output changes its state. this voltage denote the reference voltage.

OBSERVATIONS:
Input Voltage Input Voltage Output Voltage
Sr. Reference Voltage
Amplitude Frequency Amplitude
No. (Vref)
(Vp-p) (Hz/KHz) (Vp-p)

1.

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS: (INPUT & OUTPUT)

RESULTS:
1. Circuit of basic comparator using Op Amp IC741 has been assembled in
__________________configuration of Op Amp with Input _______wave signal set
at _______ amplitude & ______ frequency.
2. It has been observed from the output waveform that output is __________ for
__________ input.
3. Output of this Circuit is +Vsat when _________ and -Vsat when __________.