STANDARD PEMBELAJARAN

temperat
Initial ure of
water in
4.1 temperature of
water in beaker
beaker
Initial temperature
temperature of of water
in basin
water in basin
Getting Idea of heat transfer

A boy feels the heat of the kettle.

Why?
Heat absorbed Temperatu
The ice melt when it is in the boy’s or re
released? rises or
hand. The boy’s hand is cooled. drops?
Why? When an
object is
heated
Characteris Temperature H When an
tic ea object is
t cooled

Definition Activity 1:
Aim: To show thermal equilibrium between two
bodies in thermal contact

1. Fill the beaker with hot water.

Unit SI 2. Place the beaker of hot water into a basin
containing tap water.
3. Observe the temperature changes in the hot water
Measurem and tap water using the thermometers.
ent 4. After about 10 minutes, feel the hotness of the
instrume
nt water in the beaker and basin with your finger.
Base 5. Continue your observation until there is no change
/ in the readings of the thermometers.
deriv 6. Record your observations.
ed
quantity?
Comparison between
Temperature and Heat
 ………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………..

Discussion: 4. State the direction of net heat

1. State what happens to: transfer between the two
objects.
Temperature of water in beaker....………………
……………………………………………………………..
Temperature of water in basin: .....……………
5. Compare the temperature
2. What do a rise and fall of of both thermometer after
temperature of the water indicate? 10 minute.

……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………..

3. Discuss the transfer of heat between 6. What happens to rate of heat transfer
the water in the beaker and the water after 10 minute?
in the basin.
……………………………………………………………..

7. What can you say about the net rates of transfer Liquid-in-glass thermometr
of heat when the readings of the two
thermometers become equal? Explain how a liquid-
in- glass
…………………………………………………………….. thermometer can be
used to measure the
body temperature of
a sick person.

………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………
1. Explain how a wet towel is
placed on the forehead of
Explain Thermal Equilibrium
a person who has high
fever.

………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………..
Example of thermal equilibrium
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
State what happens to the liquid in the capillary
tube of thermometer when heat is absorbed?
2. Cooling drinks
A hot drink can be
………………………………………………………………
cooled by adding a few
ice cubes to the drink.
………………………………………………………………
……………………………… What does the length of the liquid column in th
capillary tube indicate?
………………………………
……………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………….
How a thermometer is calibrated?

❖ At the scale of degree Celcius, two fixed

temperature a choosen.

Fix Definition Value

ed (°C)
po
int
Lower
point, ice
point

Upper
point,
Steam
point

❖ The range between the fixed points is divided

into 100 equal divisions and each division
equal 1 °C. The thermometer is calibrated
and ready for use
❖ Callibration:
 6. Measure the length from the 0 ⁰C mark to the θ⁰C
mark as Lθ.

7. Calculate the temperature of tape

Activity 2 water, θ using the formula:
Aim: To calibrate a liquid-in-glass thermometer
using boiling point of distilled water and
melting point of ice

Apparatus: Thermometer, ruler, 250 ml beaker, bunsen

burner and retort stand
Discussion:
Material: Ice, distilled water and masking tape
1. Why the bulb of the thermometer should no
touch the base or side wall of the beaker
1. Cover the scale of the thermometer with masking
while taking measurement
tape so that the scale cannot be seen.
2. Fill beaker 1 with ice. Put a thermometer in beaker
………………………………………………………………
1. Wait until there is no more change in the level
of mercury column. Mark the level of mercury
………………………………………………………………
column on the stem of the thermometer. Label
this level 0⁰C, L0
2. Why should you wait until there is no
more change in the level of the mercury
column before making a mark on the
stem of the thermometer?

………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………

3. Heat up the distilled water in beaker 2 by until it

Example 1:
boils. Put in a thermometer. Wait until ther is no
What is the value of temperature T?
more change in the level of mercury column.
Mark the level of mercury column on the stem of
the thermometer. Label this level as 100 ⁰C.
4. Measure the length from the 0 ⁰C mark to the
100 ⁰C mark as L100.
5. Fill beaker 3 with tape water. Put in a
thermometer which has been calibrated until
there is no more change in the level of the liquid
column. Mark the level of the liquid column on
the stem of the thermometer. Label this level as
θ⁰C, Lθ
TUTORIAL 4.1 atmosphere at a high velocity and reaches at the
1. An earth-monitoring satellite falls into the earth’s sea surface with a high temperature. After a while
 the temperature of the satellite is same as the
temperature of the sea water. This is caused by 5. What is the concept used in the
A. The heat is released by the satellite measurement of human body
B. The satellite is cooled by the sea water
temperature using a thermometer?
C. The satellite and the sea water are in A. Specific heat capacity
thermal equilibrium B. Specific latent heat
C. Thermal equilibrium
2. The diagram shows a metal D. Thermal convection
sphere P at 80oC is
immersed in a cooler liquid 6. Diagram 12 shows a metal sphere at
Q. temperature of 90°C immersed in a
liquid at temperature of 40°C.
Thermal equilibrium is
reached when
A. temperature of P
= temperature of Q
B. mass of Q displaced = mass of P
C. volume of Q = volume of P
D. specific heat capacity of P = specific heat
capacity of Q
What is the temperature of the metal
3. The diagram shows two copper blocks, L and M, sphere when thermal equilibrium is
touching each other. The initial temperatures of L achieved between the sphere and the
and M are 50 oC and 30 oC respectively. liquid?(2006)
A. More than 90 °C
B. Same as room temperature
C. Less than 40 °C
D. Between 40 °C and 90°C

7. Diagram 11 shows hot water being

Which statement is correct when L and M are added to cold water.
at thermal equilibrium?
A. Temperature of L is higher than M
B. The quantity of heat in L is the same as in M
C. Rate of change in temperature of L is
bigger than that of M
D. Net rate of heat flow between L and M is zero

4. The diagram shows

object A and object B Which of the following statements is
are of temperatures correct if there are no heat losses to the
T1 and T2. The heat surrounding? (
flows from A to B A. Heat lost by hot water is greater
until the
than heat gained by cold water.
thermal equilibrium is reached at a B. Heat lost by hot water is greater
temperature T.
than heat gained by cold water.
Which relationship between T1 , T2 and T is true? C. Heat lost by hot water is equal
A T1 > T2 > T B T 2 > to heat gained by cold water.
T1 > T C T 1 > T > T 2
D T2 > T > T 1 8. Diagram 12.1 shows hot water being
poured into cold syrup. Diagram 12.2
shows the final mixture.

Which statement is correct

 about the temperature of the final mixture?
A. It is lower than the temperature of the cold 13. Diagram 14 shows two identical metal
syrup disc, M and N which are in contact. The
B. Lebih rendah daripada suhu air panas initial temperatures of M and N are
It is lower than the temperature of the hot water 60⁰C and 20 ⁰C respectively.
C. It is higher than the temperature of the hot
water
D. It is the same as the temperature of the cold
syrup.

9. Diagram 10 shows a cup of hot coffee.

What happens when the coffee and the cup are in
thermal equilibrium?
A. The temperature of the cup is increasing
B. The temperature of the coffee is
decreasing
C. There is no net heat flow from the coffee to the
cup
D. There is a net flow from the coffee to the cup
10. The lengths of the mercury column in a
thermometer at the ice point and the steam point
are 5 cm and 25 cm respectively. When the
thermometer is placed in a liquid , the length of the
mercury column is 12 cm. What is the temperature
of the liquid?
A 30 o C
B 35 o C
C 55 o C
D 70 o C
Which statement is correct about M
and N when the thermal equilibrium
is reached?
A. Temperature of M is higher than N
B. Temperature of N is higher than M
C. Net rate of heat flow between M
and N is not zero
D. Net rate of heat flow between M
and N is zero
14. A cake is placed in a hot oven. The
temperature of the cake is the same as
that of the oven after several minutes.
Which concept explains the situation?
A. Specific latent heat of vaporisation
B. Specific latent heat of fusion
C. Specific heat capacity
D. Thermal equilibrium
15. Diagram 13 shows two beakers with
different volume of liquid X and same
initial temperature. Both beakers are
then heated with the same amount of
heat energy. (2013)

11. Which liquid A , B, C or D , can be used to make a

liquid –in-glass thermometer to measure
temperatures from -50o C to 50o C?
Freezing Boiling
point /oC point /oC Which comparison is correct about the
A -115 78 reading of thermometer P and
B - 357 thermometer Q?
3 A. Reading of thermometer P >
9
C 0 100 Reading of thermometer Q
D 1 118 B. Reading of thermometer P <
7 Reading of thermometer Q
C. Reading of thermometer P =
Reading of thermometer Q
12. The diagram shows a thermometer.
16. Diagram 14 shows a spoon is
placed in a bowl of soup at 95 °C.

Which modification will increase the

sensitivity of the thermometer?
A. Using a longer capillary tube
B. Using a bulb with a thicker wall
C. Using a glass stem with a thicker wall Which statement is correct when
D. Using a narrower bore of capillary tube thermal equilibrium is reached?
 A. Temperature of soup is unchanged C. No flow of heat between soup and spoon
B. Temperature of spoon is unchanged D. Soup and spoon has the same temperature
17. Hot soup is poured into a bowl. Which 2. SPM 2013
statement is correct about the heat flow? Diagram 1 shows a thermometer is
A. Net heat flow is from the hot soup to the bowl used to measure the temperature of
B. Heat flows only from the bowl to the hot soup hot water.
C. Heat flows only from the hot soup to the bowl
D. Net heat flow is zero

18. Diagram 10 shows a cup of hot coffee is left to cool

until it achieves room temperature.

(a) (i) Name one type of liquid used

Which statement is correct about the coffee at in the thermometer.
room temperature?
A. Heat loss by hot coffee is equal to heat loss ………………………………………………………………
by the surrounding [1 mark]
B. Heat loss by hot coffee is less than heat gain
by the surrounding (ii) Give one reason for the answer in 1(a)(i).
C. Heat loss by hot coffee is greater than heat
gain by the surrounding ………………………………………………………………
D. Heat loss by hot coffee is equal to heat gain [1
by the surrounding mark] (b)(i) Complete the following
sentence by ticking
(√) the correct answer.
1. Diagram shows a mercury thermometer which has
not been calibrated. The temperature of water is taken when the
liquid in the thermometer [1
markah]

(a)(i) State the physical change in the mercury …….. starts to expand.
when the temperature increases.
…….. stops expanding
………………………………………………………………
(ii) Name the physics principle
(ii) Why is mercury used in the thermometer? involved in 1(b)(i).

………………………………………………………………
(b) The length of the mercury column in the
thermometer is 2.6 cm at 0°C and 22.6 cm at 100
°C?
(i) What is the difference in the lengths of the
mercury columns at 0 °C and at 100 °C?
……………………………………………………………
(ii) When the thermometer is placed in hot oil,
the length of the mercury column is
16.9 cm. Calculate the temperature of the hot
oil.
………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
3. Question 8: SPM 2016
Diagram 8.1 shows an uncalibrated
mercury thermometer placed in a
beaker containing
ice cubes and water at 0 °C. The length of
mercury column, I = 6 cm.
Diagram 8.2 shows the length of mercury column,
/ = 20 cm when the ice cubes and water
in the beaker are boiled until 100 °C.
Diagram 8.3 shows the length of mercury column,
/ = 16 cm when the thermometer is placed in
a hot liquid with temperature, 9°C.
(a) Complete the following sentence by ticking
(√) the correct box.

Temperature is a
…………. base quantity/
………… derived quantity
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on Diagram 8.1 and
Based on Table 8.1,
Diagram 8.2, determine the difference in (i) Choose the suitable range of
length of mercury columns. thermometer to measure the body temperature
[1 mark]
of the patient.

……………………………………………………………
(ii) Based on Diagram 8.3 and answer
in 8(b)(i), calculate the temperature, ϴ of the …
hot liquid. [1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 8(c)

[2 marks] (i).

……………………………………………………………
..
[1 mark]
(iii) What will happen to the boiling
point of the water if it is boiled on the top of a (iii) Choose the suitable diameter of
mountain? capillary tube of the thermometer.

…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
… …
[1 mark] [1 mark]

(c) Diagram 8.4 shows design of a (iv) Give one reason for the answer in 8(c)
thermometer which can be used to determine (iii).
the body temperature of a patient.
……………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]
(v) Choose the suitable accuracy of the
thermometer.
Table 8.1 shows several characteristics of
different thermometers. ……………………………………………………………
…
[1 mark]

(vi) Give one reason for the answer in 8(c)

(v).

………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(vii) Based on the answers in 8(c)(i), 8(c)(iii) patient.
and 8(c)(v), choose the most suitable
thermometer which can be used to …………………………………………………………….
determine the body temperature of the .
[1 mark]